Slide 1

Mechanical and Pneumatic Ship Unloaders

Maximum Potential and Practical Limitations

byDave Bergenstock

Market ManagerFLSmidth Pneumatic Transport

Distribution Systems

Slide 2

Presentation Focus

• Overview of shipunloader design• Dust emission and control• Optimal ship sizes and unloading rates• Power consumption• System configuration

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FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders

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FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders

• Material extracted from vessel by vacuum

• Three-section arm for full reach through hold

• Dense-phase conveying to storage (pressure tanks and air compressors)

• Material fully encapsulated from pick-up to storage (two dedustingpoints)

• Limitless movement along dock (fixed hose connections to convey piping)

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FLSmidth Pneumatic Shipunloaders

• Material extracted from vessel by vacuum

• Three-section arm for full reach through hold

• Dense-phase conveying to storage (pressure tanks and air compressors)

• Material fully encapsulated from pick-up to storage (two dedustingpoints)

• Limitless movement along dock (fixed hose connections to convey piping)

• Aternatively, equipment can be erected in a fixed position (e.g. barge mounted)

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FLSmidth Mechanical Shipunloaders

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FLSmidth Mechanical Shipunloaders

• Material extracted from vessel by vertical and horizontal screw conveyors

• Two-section arm = limited reach without gantry movement

•Limitless movement along dock (infinite discharge points to belt conveyor)

• Separate system required for conveying to storage (typically belt conveyors, bucket elevators, etc.)

• Material encapsulated while in unloader screws, however dedustingis required at every convey system transfer point

•Much less efficient in stationary position

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Material Pick-Up and Dust Control

Pneumatic

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Material Pick-Up and Dust Control

Mechanical

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PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL PRODUCT RANGE - SHIP SIZES

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Mechanical

Pneumatic

Prod

uct

Ship Sizes x1000 DWT

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PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL CAPACITIES

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

Mechanical

Pneumatic

Prod

uct

Max. Capacities in Metric Tons per our (MTPH)

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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

PneumaticMechanical

PNEUMATIC VS MECHANICAL POWER CONSUMPTION (BASED ON 1000’ CONVEY DISTANCE)

DESIGN CAPACITY (MTPH)

AP

PR

OX

IMA

TE

CO

NS

UM

ED

PO

WE

R (

kW)

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Materials

ALUMINABARLEYCASSAVACEMENTCOALCITRUS PULPCLINKERDERIVATIVESFERTILIZERFISH MEALFLOURGYPSUMGRAIN

KAOLINLIMESTONEMANIOCPHOSPHATE ROCKRAPE SEEDRICESOY BEANSSOY MEALSOY PELLETSSALTSULPHURTAPIOCA MEALTAPIOCA PELLETS

MECHANICAL

ALUMINACEMENTFLY ASHGRAINPET COKE

PNEUMATIC

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System Configuration

• Optimal efficiency for mechanical shipunloaders is reliant on limitless movement along the vessel, therefore stationary unloaders are not practical for large vessel, high-capacity applications

• Fixed vertical arm length and limited up/down movement of the horizontal arm can make the application impractical where there are high water level fluctuations

Mechanical Shipunloaders

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System Configuration

• Fixed position of shore transfer system makes barge mounting impractical

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System Configuration

• Greater range of arm movement allows for more coverage from a fixed position. Also, flexible hoses allow for limited movement between connections (typically 50’ +/-)

•Three-section arm better compensates for variable water level conditions

Pneumatic Shipunloaders

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System Configuration

• Use of flexible hoses make barge mounting a practical option for pneumatic shipunloaders

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System Configuration

Note: Pneumatic transfer (with flexible hose connection) is an option for mechanical unloaders, however power savings are often negated

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System Summary

+Configuration Versatility

+Coarse, Abrasive Materials

++Powdery (cementitious) Materials

LowestHighestPower Consumption

+ *+Dust Control

+Design Capacity > 800 MTPH

++Design Capacity 700 MTPH to 800 MTPH

+Design Capacity up to 700 MTPH

+Panamax Vessels ( > 55,000 DWT)

++Handimax Vessels (40,000 to 55,000 DWT)

+Small Vessels (< 40,000 DWT)

MECHANICALPNEUMATIC

* Dependent on shore transfer system

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FLSMIDTHYour single source for

pneumatic and mechanical shipunloaders!