Mech 449/549 Fuel Cell Technology - Engineering - …ndjilali/Lecture1.pdfUniversity of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic Lecture 1 Jan. 2010 Mech 449/549 Fuel Cell

University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic

Lecture 1

Jan. 2010

Mech 449/549

Fuel Cell Technology


Today

• Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells:

Introductory Overview

• Course Outline: Topics, Grading

• Questions/Discussion


What is a Fuel Cell?

• Energy conversion device that

directly produces electricity by

electrochemically oxidizing a

fuel

• Fuel and oxidant are separated

from the energy conversion

device and are supplied

continuously from outside

Fuel Cell


Hydrogen + Fuel Cell Technology

improved efficiency

broad range of applications

reduced emissions

Fuel Cell

AIR HYDROGEN

ELECTRICITY (DC)

WATER

HEAT

PRODUCTS

Hydrogen & Fuel Cells – Motivation


How much energy do we “need” ?


• “Standards of living” (economic prosperity; quality

of life; social progress; infant mortality…) are

strongly correlated with per capita energy

consumption.

• Is increasing supply of energy per capita a

prerequisite for continued progress?


Services Service

Technologies Currencies

Transformer

Technologies Sources

Transportation Bus + IC

Water Treatment Plant

Electricity

Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and oil refineries

Crude oil

Wind Turbine Wind

Hydro dams Hydropower

Generating stations

Coal

Geothermal

Natural Gas

Uranium

Diesel fuel Drilling rigs and

oil refineries Crude oil

Potable Water


“You cannot train China and India to conserve

energy, because they want the same standard of

living that we enjoy. And that is based on largely

on energy consumption per capita.

… But to see energy conservation as a means or

mechanism by which we solve our world’s

problems is just putting your head in the sand”

Geoffrey Ballard


The current energy system

Stationary

Services

Mobile

Services

Electricity: available baseload Hydro

Oil/Nat. Gas

Coal Nuclear

Oil

Renewables etc.


Services Service


Transformer




Electricity


Crude oil

Wind Turbine Wind


Generating stations

Coal

Geothermal

Natural Gas

Uranium



Potable Water


Services Service


Transformer




Electricity


Crude oil

Wind Turbine Wind


Generating stations

Coal

Geothermal

Natural Gas

Uranium



Potable Water


Decarbonization

& New ET


Pathway: Decarbonization

C

C C

C

C C

C C

C C

C C

C C

C

C

C C

C C

C

C

C

C

H H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

Coal H/C = 0.5

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H H

Oil H/C = 2

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H H

Propane H/C = 2.66

C

H

H

H H

Methane H/C = 4

H H

Hydrogen H/C =


Services Service


Transformer




Electricity


Crude oil

Wind Turbine Wind


Generating stations

Coal

Geothermal

Natural Gas

Uranium



Potable Water


Services Service


Transformer



Electricity


Crude oil

Wind Turbine Wind


Generating stations

Geothermal

Uranium

Hydrogen

Fuel Cell


The emerging energy system

Stationary

Services

Biomass

Natural Gas Hydrogen

Storage

Fuel

Cell

Hydrogen

Production

Electricity: available baseload

Hydro

Nuclear

Wind Solar

Geothermal

Tidal


‘Fuel Cells seem to have been on the verge

of capturing world markets as well as the

imagination ever since my postwar years in

Cambridge …’

P.G. Ashmore, Professor of Physical Chemistry,

UMIST, 1972


1959


From basement tinkering to space technology…to ?

1839

Now

William Grove

Bauer & Preis

GE

AFC

PEMFC DMFC MCFC SOFC

Westinghouse

Jacques

Bacon

Broes & Ketelan 1960’s

Dayton

Fuel Cell Technologies


Fuel Cell Application Areas

• Transportation

• Off-Grid Power

• Grid-Integrated Power

• Portable Electronics


Range of Power of FC Systems

MW mW

Range of Power Applications


Some Applications…


… More Applications…


Fleet operation: Vancouver

& Chicago

• 40 passengers

• Zero Emission (ZEV)

• 275 hp (205 kW)

• 400 km range

Fuel Cell Vehicles: Transit Bus

European FC Bus Program


Motorized Bicycles

Yamaha

Asian market:

2-stroke IC ban

1.5 M E-bikes & Scooters

20 Kg batteries

6-8 hrs recharge

Palcan


Fuel Cells in the Ocean…

& in Space


Fuel Cells in Phones…


Karl Kordesch’s Austin

1961 Austin A-40

6 kW Alkaline

Fuel Cell

Lead Acid

Batteries


Fuel Cell Vehicles


Why Fuel Cells for Vehicles?


Canadian H2/FC Sector • Angstrom

• AFCC

• Ballard Power Systems

• Dynetek

• Greenlight

• Hyteon

• Hydrogenics

• Palcan

• Quest Air

• Tekion


Module Topic

I 1. Overview of Fuel Cell Systems

2. Fundamentals

3. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel

Cells

II 4. Micro Fuel Cells

5. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

6. Fuelling & System Integration

7. Summary and Outlook

Topics Covered


Text

• M. M. Mench, Fuel Cell Engines, Wiley, 2008

References

• J. Larminie & A. Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems Explained, Wiley,

2003.

• F. Barbir, PEM Fuel Cells, Elsevier, 2005.

• X. Li, Principles of Fuel Cells, Taylor & Francis, 2005.


Exams Location Date/Time

Module I ECS 124 Moday March 1Module II ECS 124 Thursday March 25

Grading Assignments 26 %Module Exams

I 37 %II 37 %

Total 100 %Bonus: Flash Quizzes 5 %


Course Web Site

http://www.me.uvic.ca/~ndjilali/mech449_549.html

• Course outline

• Lectures, supplementary notes & reading material

• Assignments & solutions

• Selected links

• Info on Lab Assignement, Midterm Exams etc.

Documents

Mech 449/549 Fuel Cell Technology - Engineering - …ndjilali/Lecture1.pdfUniversity of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering IESVic Lecture 1 Jan. 2010 Mech 449/549 Fuel Cell