Measuring PT Performance

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V. Measurin PT PerformanceStandards and Monitoring

Introduction to Public TransportPlanning and Reform

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Relationship Between

Measure

The Quantitative Degree of Attainment ofAn Ob ective minimize crowdin

e.g., Number of Passengers/Vehicle

The Lowest or Highest Level of

e.g., The maximum load on each bus (or


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Why Are Measures and StandardsNeeded for Public Transport?

of current service How do we know if service is good and

Provides direction on the design and

operat on o serv ces How do we best use our resources?


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Note

The examples in the following slides

with best professional practice

However, standardsshould reflect local

financial resources

The standards in the followin slides manot be applicable to all situations


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Design and Performanceeasures an an ar s

Set basic minimums (maximums) for

e.g., stop spacing, service span

Set minimum performance levels forcurrent services

e.g., on-time performance, crowding


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Measure Percent of Population Within

Maximum Walking Distance = 500MetersBangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation

Applicati Networkon

Bangalore Amman


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AMeasure Population-Weighted Average

Minutes Commuting Time byPublic Transport

Application Network

a a ee s opu a on an mp oymen yAnalysis Zone

Public Transport Routes

imi r m r n


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health care and education


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Aff r ili In xMeasure 60 Monthly Bus Fares as a Percent

Income for the Poorest 20 Percent(Quintile) of Population

Application Network/Company

World Bank Technical Paper 68 Bus Services: Raising Standards and Lowering CostsWorld Bank Transport Papers TP-3 Affordability of Public Transport in Developing Countries


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inMeasure Distance between Designated

Application Route

Standard Maximum Distance

Feeders 300 metersPereira, Colombia

op pac ng300 M


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Span of ServiceStart End5 am 11pm

Total Clock Hours Over Which PublicTransport Service is Operated

Common spans of service Work days

All day (covers both peak commuting periods)

AM, PM peak commuting hours only

Saturday service


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rvi nMeasure Clock Hours During Which Service

Application Route

Da Service S an

WorkCover work travel(Longest span)

Non-Work(weekend)

Cover mainshopping hours


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Interval

Time in Minutes Between Two Arrivals (or

e. . at a interval of 10 minutes a bus or traindeparts every 10 minutes

Interval is the inverse measure of servicefrequency

n erva = uses our Sometimes called headway


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Interval


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Policy Intervals

Measure Minutes between Bus Arrivals

Standard Maximum Interval

Route Type Minutes

Feeder 15

Cali, Colombia


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Interval


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Performanceeasures an an ar s

Some measures may be used in contracts

Examples

Vehicle Reliability

Capacity


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V hi l D n ili

Dispatched and Operated

Standard Minimum Percentage of Trips

Dispatch 99.8% of Pull-outs

to Provide Service)Operate 99.5% of Trips


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...MTA Long Island Bus

Nassau County, New York


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V hi l R li iliMeasure Average Kilometers between

Application Company/Type of Service

tan ar 1 , to ,

Value depends on local street


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Mjico DF


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Schedule Dependability (Regularity)

-

TimeA lication Network/Com an /Route

Standard On-time = 0 to 5 Minutes Late

Depends on local traffic conditions

on published schedule (generallyheadways greater than 12 minutes)


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Schedule Dependability (Regularity)

Measure Percentage of Trips Within 90

Application Network/Company/Route

Standard Minimum of 80%Bogot TransMilenio


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CapacityMaximum number of passengers that

of seats+Number of permitted

e.g.,

Number of Seats on the Bus = 48Number of Permitted Standing Passengers = 112Capacity of the Bus = 48 + 112 = 160 Passengers

Bangalore


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Reasons Vehicle Capacities Vary

Number of doors Affect loading/unloading times, seating space

as c es gn e.g., low-floor buses have less space, but faster

Space allocation for seats/standing areas Carr in ca acit o erations efficienc versus

quality of service provided tradeoff More seats provided when long standing times

Carrying capacity (operations efficiency) versus

lit f rvi r vi tr ff


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Reflect local comfortable personal space norms


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Mumbai Suburban Train System


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Wuhan LRT


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T k r n Tr in


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Passenger Volume at the

M xim m L d P int

BMTC

anywhere on Route

downtown for routes serving core


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Passenger Demand Profile

or a a ou e

100

120

ingStop

60

80

oardLeav

20

40

engersOn

0Electronic

City

Kudlu

Gate

Madiwala Maharanis

College

City

Market

Pas


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Occupancy Factor

Measure Passengers at Maximum LoadPoint as a Percent of Ca acit

Application Route/Time-of-Day

Standard Minimum 65%

Maximum 80%Manila Light Rail Transit Authority


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Typical Route

on or ng ec n ques

Driver/Conductor Counts

Point Counts

On/Off Counts Station Entry/Exit Counts

Passenger Surveys


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Driv r n r nMethod Drivers or conductors count

assen ers as art of the farecollection process. Turnstile countsmay be used.

Limitation Drivers (conductors) on interlined

routes must be careful to separate and


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Conductor

Bangalore

DriverPereira, Colombia


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Key Data and Uses

r ver on uc or oun s

Total Boardings by Trip

Revise the service design

Revenue by Trip


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P in nMethod Data collector stands at a bus stop and records

.

Procedure Light Loads Count Passengers

Standing Loads Count Standing Passengers

and Empty Seats

Problems Tinted windows or full bus advertising mayrequire data collector to board bus


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Bangalore Singapore


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Many Routes Can Be Covered

nce n a a a ys em

Route 1Route 2

Route 3

Maximum load point

Central

City


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Key Data and Uses

o n ec s

Load count

Assess crowding

Arrival de arture times Assess schedule adherence

Revise scheduled runnin times


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n ff n

Method A data collector rides the bus and, at each

stop, records: Passenger ons and offs Bus arrival (departure) times at time

points.

Option Automatic Passenger Counters


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Load Profile Diagram

a a us ou e120to

p

80

100

Leaving

40

60

rs

Onboar

0

20

Electronic Kudlu Madiwala Maharanis CityPasseng

City Gate College Market

Stops


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Load Profile Diagram

r or ross own us ou e

50

60

Stop

30

40

ersLeavin

10

20

Passeng

0

Market Offices Bus Route Shops Bus Route

Stop


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Automatic Passenger Counters

an o ec n a a

Location of bus (AVL = AutomaticVehicle Location

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Passenger counting (APC)

-


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me rom on- oar c oc


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Station Entry/Exit CountsMethod Passengers entering and exiting stations are

counted using turnstiles or IC/Smartcards

Information 1. Entering and exiting passengers by station2. Can estimate travel patterns between

s a ons or g ns- es na ons3. Can estimate passenger boardings and

loads per route. an es ma e on o s y s a on


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Manila MRT

Travel Time Surveys


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Method Data collector records arrival/

Travel Time Surveys

departure times at stops,intersections, and points of delay.

Option: Can use automatic vehicle

location (AVL)

Information 1. Running times between stops2. Stop dwell times

3. Delay times at traffic signals. e ay t mes ue to congest on

San Francisco


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P n r rvMethod Passengers are surveyed on the bus.

,

data collectors, or special surveystaff.

Information 1. Passenger characteristics (e.g., car

available income a e ender2. Travel patterns (e.g., purpose,

origins/destinations, frequency). ,

amenities


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Example of Survey Card


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Example of Survey Card

Number 32,546


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mm r

measures and standards.

PT performance

However, less commonality amongconditions, available funding, and publicpolicy.

Discussed service monitoring methodsthat support common measures and


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Documents

Measuring PT Performance