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Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter
June, 2009NASA LaRC | NC State University | APTIMA
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Experiment Setup- Aircraft Familiarization -
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Simulator with an Advanced PFD• VISTAS (Visual Imaging Simulator for Transport Aircraft Systems) Simulator
– No motion, ground-based simulator
• Integrated PFD & ND with new display features– Enhanced Vision System (EVS)– Synthetic Vision System (SVS)– Flight pathway guidance (TUNNEL)– Embedded NAV – standard LOC and G/S features
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Advanced PFD Symbology
Directed Airspeed
Actual Airspeed
Directed Airspeed Bug
Directed Altitude
Current Altitude
Directed Altitude Bug
Radar Altitude
Vertical Speed Ind (VSI)
DME
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ILS Indicator
• Localizer and Glideslope deviation
• No “Bends”• No “Lies”• “Raw Data”
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VSI Arrow
Current Rate of Descent(Arrow)
Commended Rate of Descent (Circle)
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Tunnel + FPVTUNNEL• “Crow’s feet” define vertical and
horizontal extent of desired path• Generated by computer database
with GPS system• 600 ft wide by 350 ft tall:
– “Linear” Deviation• Segments every 0.2 nm• Showing path 1 nm ahead
Flight Path Vector (FPV)Indicates where aircraft will go
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ND
Touchdown (TD) Point
Course Line to TD Point
Scale of Dotted Ring (NM)
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SVS (Synthetic Vision System) Terrain
• Wireframe• GPS-based
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EVS (Enhaced Vision System) Terrain
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SVS / EVS
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Downward-looking View
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Side Stick
Left Button
Re-centers flight symbology on the PFD
Right Button
Toggles PFD view between forward-looking and down-ward looking
Left + Right Button
Aligns PFD waterline in the vertical center of the display
Hat-Switch
Controls rate of descent with fore and aft inputs. Each click equals 30 fpm
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Experiment Setup- Scenario Familiarization -
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Flight Scenario Overview• ILS Approach and landing at a desert landing site
– Consists with descending and hovering– Hand-flown with autothrottle
• Pilot commands desired vertical speed with hat-switch on stick• Auto throttle adjust engine thrust to achieve vertical speed• Pilot adjusts airspeed with pitch (with fore & after)
– Begins 7NM inbound to helipad– Ends with landing decision– Night/IMC:
• Weather near or below minimums• Dust near ground• No approach lights or lighting of TD
– Go-around or landing performance will not actually be measured
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Descent Phase (3 deg glide path)
Hov
er P
hase
Begin250 KIAS 2460 MSL/HAT(1680 AGL)
End7NM
0 KIAS250 ft MSL(250 ft HAT)
Stop and resume at random point
100 ft MSL(100 ft HAT)
Visual contact with the ground
-Landing decision
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Roles and Responsibilities
• Captain– Hand flying with sidestick (Hdot + Manual mode)– Verbalize all decisions at decision height.
• First Officer (FO)– Handle ATC communication– Provide callouts as briefed (altitude)– Will confirm objects in sight (visually)– Will answer queries and confirm settings, procedures, etc.