Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
www.nrelect.com
NR keeping the lights on
Measures against Ice Storm：De-icing, Protection, Precaution
Xi-cai ZHAO
2
• Ice Storm in Jan-Mar 2008, CSG• Fault or even Damage of Lines
• 7541 lines out of service (>10kV)• 126,247 Towers/Poles collapsed (>10kV)• 859 Substations out of service (>35kV)
• Damage of Communication Facility• 54 OPGW, 52 ADSS
• Direct Economic Loss• 15 billion RMB（2.4 Billion USD）
Background
3
Background
4
Background
Ice Storm in Jan-Mar 2008
5
Background
Ice Storm in Jan-Mar 2008
6
• Ice Storm in Jan-Mar 2008, CSG• Interruption of Railway Transportation
• Passengers for Chinese New Year Holidays• Coal for Power Plants
• Interruption of Public Transportation• Shortage of Food, Water, Gas• Outage of Communication
• Telephone, Mobile phone
• Outage of Broadcast, Television
Background
7
Background-Consequence
200 thousand Passengers Stranded in
Guangzhou Railway Station
Some people had to stay away from family during Chinese New Year holidays.
Railway transportation interrupted-Passengers-Coal for Thermal Power plant
8
• De-icing
• Protection
• Precaution
Countermeasures
9
De-icing
10
De-icing
DC De-icer
11
De-icing
12
De-icing
225MW De-icer
（Rectifier Transformer + Valve Hall + Control Room + Cooling Room）
13
De-icing
100MW De-icer
（Rectifier Transformer + Valve Hall + Control Room + Cooling Room）
14
De-icing
25MW De-icer（1*TEU）
60MW De-icer（Rectifier Transformer＋2*TEU）
15
De-icing
16
De-icing
Effectiveness
before after
• On-site experience
• 26 De-icers from NR in service
17
De-icingAs De-icer As SVC
De-icer
Auto-SW
18
• Line protection• Protection Function Integration
• Differential Prot. (87) + Distance Prot. (21)
• Communication• Multiple Communication Ports (2-3)• Different Types (FO / Carrier)• Different Routes (if available)
• Centralized Load Shedding Scheme
Protection
19
Protection
BUS
LINE
25
FR
FL
52
87 21
Data Transmitt/Receive27
59
50BF67P21D 67G
50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)
50G
51G
50P
51P
79SOTF
49 46BC51GVT 51PVT 62PD
81
50DZ
Integration - Differential Protection+ Distance Protection
20
• Communication for Line Protection• Multiple Communication Ports (2-3)• Different Types (FO / Carrier)• Different Routes (if available)
• Dedicated FO (for 87 & 21)• Multiplex 64 Kbit/s Channel (for 87 & 21)• Multiplex 2048 Kbit/s Channel (for 87 & 21)• Dedicated Carrier Channel (for 21)• Multiplex Carrier Channel (for 21)
Protection
21
• Duplicated FO Communication Channels• Both channels are active at the same time • Redundant protection functions (87*2+21*2)• At least one 87/21 is on during channel switching• Higher dependability
• Vs
– Backup channel will be active if main channel is in emergency.
Protection
22
Protection
Carrier
PCS-931
87
21
21
87
FO1
FO2
TXRX
RXTX
MUX2MD
2048kBit
Optic fibre
2048 kBit/s 2M（HDB3, G.703）
SDH
Coaxial cable
TXRX
RXTX
MUX64D
64kBit PCM
Twisted pairOptic fibre
64 kBit/s 2M（HDB3,G.703）
SDH
64 k,G.703
Coaxial cable
TXRX
Dedicated Optic fibre
Dedicated Carrier Channel
Multiplex Carrier Channel
23
Centralized Load Shedding Scheme based on
on-line Decision Making System
Protection
24
• Forecast of Bad & Disastrous Weather• Early Warning, Precaution
• Optimization of Networks Operation• Usage of Renewable Energy• Protection of Environment• Planning, Dispatching.
Operation Decision Support System Integrated with Meteorological information
Precaution
25
Forecast
Key technology 1: discrimination on different causes of icingKey technology 2 :
research on icing mechanism
Key technology 3 : Real-time monitoring & forecast revising
26
Forecast
Display
Real-time monitoring
Forecast
27
Early warning
Acquire weather infocontinuously
Locate substations and equipments that will be influenced by bad weather
based on GIS
Refer to historical recording of the similar weather
Generate anticipated contingencies list automatically for further analysis according to the character of bad weather
e.g.severe convection weather => trip of line after phase-phase fault
Typhoon => lose of entire transmission corridorBush fire => trip of multiple lines across the same section in succession
28
Early warning
Weather Info
Stability analysis(Thermal, transient, dynamic stability)
under anticipated contingencescaused by bad weather
Anticipated contingencies Future mode
Early warning on potential risks
29
Future mode
Predict operation mode in future 30 mins to 24 hrs
Provide early warning and suggestion on adjustment
Optimization of Networks Operation
Short-term Load Forecast
Busbar load forecast
Generation plan
Interconnection plan
Maintenance plan
Weather info-temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, wind……
Weather info-temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, wind……
Change mode
Power-flow check
N-1stability Check
Section Stability Check
Sensitivity Check
Security Constraint Check
Re-plan
Not pass
30
3. Data center / full-view model
4. Applications and display
1. Acquisition and application of meteorological data
2. Integrated with geographic info & grid info
Operation Decision Support System
Thanks for Your [email protected]
