Measurements & DataAnalysis LaboratoryLab Exercise 012 January - 29 September, 2015

Outline

• Motivation• Basic Expectations• Lab Safety• Course Structure• Technical Memos

Motivation

Theoretical Model Fundamental science + System and design constraints

Model Validation& Refinement

Experiment &System Design

� d x�M +Cu+ kx = 0�� dt2 ��

2

u = dxdt

ExperimentsExperimental process +Measurement techniques +Data interpretation and analysis

• Retractable,• Reusable,• Lightweight,• Cost constraints,• Redundancy,• System Integration,• et cetera

• Facility design,• Strain gauges,• Repeatability,• Converged statistics,• Safety,• Cost,• et cetera

‘Coursework’

Product TestingExperimental process +Repeatability +Realistic Operating Conditions

Reliability &Durability

Motivation

Theoretical Model Fundamental science + System and design constraints

Model Validation& Refinement

Experiment &System Design

� d x�M +Cu+ kx = 0�� dt2 ��

2

u = dxdt

ExperimentsExperimental process +Measurement techniques +Data interpretation and analysis

• Retractable,• Reusable,• Lightweight,• Cost constraints,• Redundancy,• System Integration,• et cetera

• Facility design,• Strain gauges,• Repeatability,• Converged statistics,• Safety,• Cost,• et cetera

Hands-on experience

Product TestingExperimental process +Repeatability +Realistic Operating Conditions

Reliability &Durability

Basic Expectations

Basic Expectations

• Be Present (physically and mentally)– Attendance is Mandatory

• Un-excused absence => No credit• For credit => Contact TA and obtain a University Excused Absence Form

– Late arrivals (to Lab)• 10% penalty on Technical Memo

– No outside work

• Be Prepared– Come with knowledge of lab procedure and objectives– Some students find bringing a flash drive is helpful.– Ask questions about the lab procedure if anything is unclear.

Protip: Do a ‘thought’ experiment beforehand with the handouts.

Early is on time,on time is late

Basic Expectations

• Be Respectful– Pay attention to directions from the Instructors

• Both during lecture and ‘benchwork’ portions of the lab– Follow directions when they are given

• Ask questions later – it may be a matter of safety– Treat equipment with care!– Be aware of what you are doing

• DO NOT perform an exercise until you are exactly sure what you are doing (i.e. be deliberate)

• Be Safe– Lab safety is everyone’s responsibility, starting with YOU.

Failure to follow safety guidelines results inejection from lab, and no credit for assignment.

Why?

Lab Safety: Motivation

“I t is very difficult to change principal invesattitudes,”

says James Gibson, UCLA's director of environmental healt All too of t en,

researchers in laboratories aroundthe country still work alone, and

orwithout proper super visionprotection.

“In many cases, academic freedom is more important than safety,”

- Jim Kaufman, President of theLaboratory Safety Institute in Natick,Massachusetts

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A death in the lab,” Nature, 472, 270-271 (2011)

Lab Safety:Ground Rules

Safety is priority #1 for everyone in the lab.

• No Food/Beverage• No Horseplay• No Headphones• No Cell Phones• Pay attention: Do not be careless• Only use areas of the lab designated for AME2123• Be aware of your surroundings

– Carelessness with equipment can hurt you and your neighbors

If you are not 100% sure what you are doing is right or safe, STOP, and ASK for help!

Lab Safety:B14 Lab Safety and PPE Documentation

Notebook in Brown Book Shelf

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)– Safety Glasses

• Emergency Action Plan– Fire– Tornado

• Chemical Spill Kit– Floor-Dry– Absorbative Blanket

Lab SafetyLaboratory Dress Code

• Closed toed shoes– [No Flip-flops], you will be made tochange prior to beginning a lab

• Avoid excessively baggy clothing

• Use hair ties– Keep long hair up/away from face & equipment

• Remove (or tape down) loose jewelry– Hazard for lasers, machinery w/ moving parts, etc.

• Vision-correction:– Use your most recent prescription glasses/contacts.

Course Structure

Course Structure

• Total of 4 Lab Exercises (E1-E4)• Each lab has ‘a’ and ‘b’ weeks

– 2 weeks on, 1 week off, except E0

• Pre-Lab Lecture– Thursday before Lab EXa IN CLASS– Content: Lab handouts and materials

• Deliverables– Pre-Lab Quiz (20 %)

• Monday before Lab Exa, on Sakai

– Technical Memo (80 %)• By 2 PM 1 week after Lab Exb; Room 365, AME

office

• All lab work is done in Groups, with an individually written report to be turned in for a grade

Course Structure

Pre-LabQuiz

TechnicalMemo

Group Work

Laboratory Exercise Deliverables

LabWeek ‘b’

LabWeek ‘a’

Pre-LabLecture(In Class)

Individual Work

Course StructureMONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

Week 0

Pre-LabLecture(In-Class)

Pre-Lab QuizPosted by Noon

Week 1

Pre-Lab Quiz:Complete by Noon

LAB WEEK ‘A’Week

2

LAB WEEK ‘B’Week

3Report Due

@ 2 PM(Mon Group)

Report Due@ 2 PM

(Tues Group)

Report Due@ 2 PM

(Wed Group)

Report Due@ 2 PM

(Thurs Group)

Pre-Lab Quiz Posted for Next

Lab

Course Structure

• Lab syllabus:– Instructor

– John Ott– Office: 377 Fitzpatrick Hall– Phone: 631-8131– Email: jott@watt.ame.nd.edu– Lab website: http://www.nd.edu/~jott/Measurements

– Teaching Assistants– Isik Can (ucan@nd.edu) - E1 – Sensors and Calibration– E2 – Signal Conditioners

– Jessica Schiltz (jschiltz@nd.edu)– Megan Levis (mlevis@nd.edu)

– Michael Johnson (mjohns47@nd.edu) - E3 – Dynamic System Response – Shirui Luo (sluo1@nd.edu) - E4 – Solar Panels – Devon Mason (dmason1@nd.edu) – Head Grader

Course Structure

• Lab syllabus (cont.):– Grading (cont.)

– Tech memo– The grading for each lab, except for E0, will be:

– Pre-lab quiz. It will be posted on Sakai (AME20213) site by noon, the Friday before week A of the lab begins. The pre-lab quiz is due by noon on the following Monday.

– Pre-lab quizzes will count 20% towards the lab grade. They will be worth 1 point/question. There is no Week B quiz. It is the student’s responsibility to know how to use Sakai. Hint: square boxes mean multiple correct answers must be chosen. No extensions or retakes will be given for computer malfunctions.

Course Structure

• Lab syllabus (cont.):– Grading (cont.)

– Tech memo– Each tech memo is worth 27 points– Tech memos will count 80% towards the lab grade.– A paper copy of your tech memo is due one week from the date

week B of the experiment was performed at 2pm in the AME office, room 365 Fitzpatrick Hall in the measurements lab mail box. (Ask one of the administrative assistants if you can’t find it.)

– Names are optional on your tech memo. Notre Dame student ID number, due date, day, and time experiment was performed are required.

– Graded memos will be returned in the mailboxes by the elevator. They will be left out for two weeks. Students may be emailed when they are available.

Course Structure

– Grading (cont.)– Tech memo

– Out of 27 points, 12 points come from formatting (graded by the grading TA’s), and 15 points come from deliverables (graded by the lab TA).

– Formatting points are straight forward if the directions are followed. – Each grading sheet contains essential deliverables, if you have any questions

about specific deliverables ask the lab TA during office hours.

– A lab scoring sheet must be attached to the back each lab report. A one point deduction will be applied for failure to do so.

– Error analysis. A one point deduction will be applied for any use of the term “human error” in your tech memo.

Course Structure

• Lab syllabus (cont.):– Grading

– The Grading TA must receive an email concerning any grading issues within 24 hours of grades being published.

– TA office hours for re-grades– Students must make an appointment via email with the

Head Grading TA WITHIN 24 hours of memos being returned, appointments will be between 8:00am and 5:00pm at MRB

Course Structure

• Lab syllabus (cont.):– Grading (cont.)

– Tech memo– Late memos will receive a deduction of 30% off each working day

or portion thereof that they are late. If you have a university excused absence for submitting a late memo, have Professor Ottinitial it and include it with your memo to the grading TA. Also include a title page with course name, course number, lab section, lab day, lab time, memo due date, memo extension date, and Notre Dame ID. All students should participate actively in the experiment. All due dates are posted on the lab course web site. Late memos must be turned in to a Grading TA.

Course Structure

• Lab Web Page:

– Lab Exercises– TA Contact Information and Office Hours

Course Structure

• Lab Web Page:

– Lab Calendar

Course Structure

• Academic Dishonesty: Claiming work as your own when it is someone else’s. This includes:– Copying exams/quizzes– Copying text from partner’s report– Copying figures from partner’s report– Allowing your partner to do all the laboratory work

These will not be tolerated!(Refer to Academic Honor Code)

Technical Memos

Technical MemosDUE 1 WEEK AFTER LAB EXb

• To AME 21213 mailbox in Fitzpatrick 365 (AME Office)• Technical memos must be submitted in paper format• Anyone may turn in your technical memo

Late Policy• 30% off each working day reports are late

– Including after 2 PM on due date• Late reports must be turned in to Head Grading TA

– TAs are not responsible for checking AME mailbox if you do not turn the report in on time

– Graded memos are returned in mailboxes by the elevator.An email will not be sent out.

Submission Guidelines• Reports are 7 pages, double spaced, for the body of the

memo. All reports must be type written, including equations. Do NOT use none serif font. References and footnotes should be single spaced.

• You must include:– NDID – Names are optional.– Lab DAY and TIME

• Scoresheet

7 PagesMaximum

Technical MemosWriting Guidelines

(From Dunn, Ch 12)

Format for SubmissionUse Technical Memo template - Dunn (pg. 447)7 Pages, double-spaced (Including appendices) References and footnotes single spaced 1” Margins

All reports must be type written, including equations.

NO CODE ATTACHEDContent

Write in 3rd person, past tenseProper grammar is required. Active voice is best.Do not use contractionsNo superfluous tables or figuresDo not re-iterate the experimental procedureAbbreviations must be Defined in Text (DIT)Numbers & Units: Dunn 12.2.3

Sample Technical Memo

Date: 05/01/1962To: U.S. D.O.D. Nuclear Research CommitteeFrom: Dr. R. B. Banner Subject: Gamma Ray Research

SummaryThis should be one paragraph that summarizes the important results and states the

significant conclusions. When writing this section, assume that this may be the only partof the technical memo that actually is read.

FindingsThis part covers in more detail what was summarized above. Enough information must be

provided such that an engineer at your level could critically evaluate the approach and methodsand understand how you arrived at the results and conclusions, without your providingany information beyond what is written. Only the most important figures and tables need to beincluded here.

References1. Student, N.O.D., and S.A.M. College. 2010. Measurements through a hard semester. J HeatMass Transfer 11:548-556.2.M.A. Saad. 1992. Compressible Fluid Flow. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

AppendicesThese addenda contain supplementary material, such as detailed derivations or

calculations. They are not meant to contain a record of everything that was done on thememo’s subject. Include only what is needed to support material presented in the body of thememo. Do not place the results here and then refer to them from the memo.

Acronyms/abbreviations must be spelled out on first use.Define all variables used in equations. (e.g. is V volume or volts)

Technical Memos: Figures

Figure. Comparison of theory and experiment.

Figure 1. Comparison of system output predicted from equation (3) and experimental measurement.

Figure numbers, captions, axis labels, and units are required onall figures included in technical memos

Plot continuous functions as continuous lines Plotdiscrete data points as points

Figures should have…• White/clear background• NO Border (ie excel default)• Legends• Axis labels• No Title• Figure captions (below)• Should have large axis labels• Make legends and titles large

MatLab is preferred over Excel. Mathworks file exchange: ExportFig.Figures must be legible. May have two that are side-by-side.

Y(m

)

X(m)

Technical Memos: Figures

100

101

10-9

10-8

S t/

3̂x (

S t /

)

Baselinex = 1.75δx = 3.54δx = 5.75δ

2 4 6S t/

8 10 12

0.5

1

1.5

2x 10

-8

3̂x (

St /

)

Baselinex = 1.75δx = 3.54δx = 5.75δ

Linear versus Logarithmic Axes

• Is the physics being studied non-linear?i.e. exponents, logarithms, etc.

• Does the range of one axis span several orders of magnitude?

• Does the figure display the results well?• Did you report print correctly (is it printed in color)?

Technical Memos: Tables & Equations

Tables should have…• Table captions above the table• Both table and figure captions

should be descriptive • Units should be given if applicable• Tables and figures should contribute

to understanding your results

Equations should have…• An identifying number to the right

that is referenced in text (ie Eq. 2)• Variables should defined in text• Include line fit equations in text and

describe variables.• Make sure equations are separated

from the body of Text by a line on the top and bottom

Correct -> 𝑉𝑉 = 1500(𝛺𝛺) × 𝐼𝐼 (Eq.2)

Where Ohm’s law, Eq. 2, is a linear relationship between resistance (Ω), voltage (V), and current (I)

Incorrect -> y=1500*x