Measurement of the Planetary Boundary Layer top in Measurement of the Planetary Boundary Layer top in Measurement of the Planetary Boundary Layer top in Measurement of the Planetary Boundary Layer top in

Cali, Colombia Cali, Colombia Cali, Colombia Cali, Colombia ----Elastic LiDAR applicationElastic LiDAR applicationElastic LiDAR applicationElastic LiDAR application

Estiven Sánchez Barrera a,c, Jonnathan Céspedes a,b, Carlos Andrés Melo-Luna a,c, and

John Henry Reina a,c

a Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics a Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics a Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics a Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics ---- CIBioFiCIBioFiCIBioFiCIBioFi, , , , CalleCalleCalleCalle 13 No. 10013 No. 10013 No. 10013 No. 100----00, 00, 00, 00, EdificioEdificioEdificioEdificio E20 E20 E20 E20

No.1069No.1069No.1069No.1069, Colombia, Colombia, Colombia, Colombia

Estiven Sánchez Barrera, Estiven Sánchez Barrera, Estiven Sánchez Barrera, Estiven Sánchez Barrera,

Laboratorio.lafa@correounivalle.edu.co

Nano/Bio/Bionegocios

LaboratorioLaboratorioLaboratorioLaboratorio de de de de FísicaFísicaFísicaFísica AtmosféricaAtmosféricaAtmosféricaAtmosférica ---- LAFALAFALAFALAFA

El LAboratorio de Física Atmosférica LAFA, busca desarrollar y/o adaptar tecnologías y técnicas,utilizando como eje la Fotónica, que permitan monitorear el problema creciente de contaminaciónatmosférica en el país. Al tiempo, también se estudian los impactos de dicha contaminación en la saludhumana. Por medio de proyectos de investigación y convenios con entes públicos y privados, se busca lacuantificación del material particulado, contaminantes en la atmósfera y los productos que se generan enlas reacciones químicas atmosféricas.

Entre las técnicas, con las que cuenta el laboratorio, se destacan:

• Monitoramento de la capa límite atmosférica por medio del sistema LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

• Medición de concentración de gases por medio del sistema DOAS (Differential Optical AbsorptionSpectroscopy)

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and AerosolsLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and AerosolsLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and AerosolsLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and Aerosols

Figure. Figure. Figure. Figure. Principle setup of a lidar system (Weitkamp,2006).

Figure. Figure. Figure. Figure. Scattering of light.

RRRRGGGG

BBBB

DaytimeDaytimeDaytimeDaytime

AtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphere

EarthEarthEarthEarth

SunSunSunSun

SunsetSunsetSunsetSunset

EarthEarthEarthEarthSunSunSunSun

RRRR

BBBB

Figure. Figure. Figure. Figure. Atmospheric scattering.

⇒ Rayleigh scatteringRayleigh scatteringRayleigh scatteringRayleigh scattering: : : : particles smaller than wavelength

(Molecules and Atoms).

⇒ Mie scatteringMie scatteringMie scatteringMie scattering:::: particles with similar size than

wavelength (Aerosols and Pollen, Dust, Smog, Haze).

⇒ NonNonNonNon----selective scattering: selective scattering: selective scattering: selective scattering: particles bigger than

wavelength (Clouds and Raindrops).

Atmospheric scatteringAtmospheric scatteringAtmospheric scatteringAtmospheric scattering

What are atmospheric Aerosols?What are atmospheric Aerosols?What are atmospheric Aerosols?What are atmospheric Aerosols?

Pa

rtic

leP

art

icle

Pa

rtic

leP

art

icle

Siz

e

Siz

e

Siz

e

Siz

e <

mm mmP

art

icle

Pa

rtic

leP

art

icle

Pa

rtic

le

Ma

ssM

ass

Ma

ssM

ass

Pa

rtic

leP

art

icle

Pa

rtic

leP

art

icle

Nu

mb

er

Nu

mb

er

Nu

mb

er

Nu

mb

er

PMPMPMPM 0000....01010101 PMPMPMPM 0000....1111 PMPMPMPM 1111PMPMPMPM 2222....5555

PMPMPMPM 10101010

UltrafineUltrafineUltrafineUltrafine FineFineFineFine CoarseCoarseCoarseCoarse

FigureFigureFigureFigure.... A hypothetical mixed particle

distribution (Anderson, et al., 2012).

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Aerosols shape. EPA, 2017.

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Aerosols size comparisons. NASA, 2017.

LiDARLiDARLiDARLiDAR----CIBioFI stationCIBioFI stationCIBioFI stationCIBioFI station

NdNdNdNd::::YAGYAGYAGYAG LASERLASERLASERLASER

TelescopeTelescopeTelescopeTelescope

BeamBeamBeamBeam ExpanderExpanderExpanderExpander

PinPinPinPin

HoldHoldHoldHold

Interferential Interferential Interferential Interferential

FilterFilterFilterFilter

PMTPMTPMTPMT

Transient Transient Transient Transient

RecorderRecorderRecorderRecorder

Collimation Collimation Collimation Collimation

Lens Lens Lens Lens

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: a)a)a)a) LiDAR-CIBioFI experimental Setup. bbbb)))) Picture of setup.

a) a) a) a) b) b) b) b)

AtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphere

Experimental siteExperimental siteExperimental siteExperimental site

Figure: Figure: Figure: Figure: Spatial distribution both AERONET and LALINET stations over Colombia. Spatial distribution of air quality network stations over Cali city, including

the LiDAR-CIBioFI station.

PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL)PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL)PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL)PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL)

Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)

Figure. Figure. Figure. Figure. Typical daily cycle of PBL. It is the tropospheric layer directly influenced by

the Earth’s surface and responds to frictional drag, evapotranspiration, and heath flux

in a timescale of at least one hour or less (Stull, 1988).

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Atmosphere structure.

PBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolution

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Typical PBL temporal evolution at clean day 05/07/19.

PBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolution

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Typical PBL temporal evolution at clean day 15/08/19.

PBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolutionPBL temporal evolution

FigureFigureFigureFigure:::: Typical PBL temporal evolution at clean day 21/08/19.

Next…

• Inelastic aproach for LiDAR Application:• PM10

• PM2,5

• O3

• -NdNdNdNd::::YAGYAGYAGYAG LASERLASERLASERLASER

TelescopeTelescopeTelescopeTelescope

BeamBeamBeamBeam ExpanderExpanderExpanderExpander

PinPinPinPin

HoldHoldHoldHold

Interferential Interferential Interferential Interferential

FilterFilterFilterFilter

PMTPMTPMTPMT

Transient Transient Transient Transient

RecorderRecorderRecorderRecorder

Collimation Collimation Collimation Collimation

Lens Lens Lens Lens

AtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphereAtmosphere

MultipleMultipleMultipleMultiple wavelengthwavelengthwavelengthwavelength

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

From above equation, the backscattering for molecular contribution is expressed as follows :