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Measured Growth of South Korean Student Teachers During a Two-Month USA Internship. Brandon Yost, ESOL Instructor, Washington County School District Dinah Scott, ESL Specialist, Washington County School District. Studying Abroad. Pair-Share: Have you studied abroad? Prizes!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Brandon Yost, ESOL Instructor,
Washington County School District
Dinah Scott, ESL Specialist,
Washington County School District
Pair-Share: Have you studied abroad?
Prizes!
Features of the ideal foreign language acquisition study abroad
(FLA SA) setting “to achieve meaningful linguistic gains through
out-of-class contact and make the sojourn experience worthwhile”
(p. 51)
Students need:
Consistent and substantive interactions with NS
Proficient in speaking and writing
Supportive interlocutors
Reality
Usually not reported in the literature
Challenge belief that SA is best setting
No guarantees: FLA SA studies report inconsistent results
More than just SA setting
Variables interconnected
Complex and unstable
Difficult to isolate and control Recommendation: Second Language Socialization
(SLS) perspective
Connection among SA, learner identity, and SLS
Close examination of learners in SA environment
The Effects of Intensive Study Abroad and At Home Language Programs on
Second Language Acquisition of Spanish (D’Amico, 2010) Literature Review
FLA SA becoming more common
Impact of SA on L2 remains “intricate and hard to define” (p. 28)
Mixed results: Benefits of both SA and AH programs depending on nature of study
In general, SA has positive impact on linguistic and extra-linguistic features
“The simple belief that the SA context will produce ‘perfect’ or ‘native-like’ L2
speakers is unrealistic” (p. 29). Study
10 U.S. university students in six-week SA in Spain; control group in AH program
Fluency focus Results
SA students showed L2 fluency gains and increased willingness to communicate,
but results “not drastically different from the AH learners” (p. 168).
“(L)earners were able to make some gains in fluency in . . . a short time frame” (p.
153). Recommendations
No “fast track” to native-like L2 use; Set realistic and practical program goals.
Social Interaction and Linguistic Gain During Study Abroad (Magnan & Back, 2007)
Institute of International Education report: 93.5% SA programs are
short-term (p. 44) Study
24 US university students; one semester SA in France
Questionnaires, Can-Do self-assessment, OPI, and Language
Contact Profile (p. 47) Results
SA programs contribute to FLA; “no recipe to ensure language
improvement” (p. 56)
Contact with TL is key; no one form of contact guarantees FLA Recommendations
Advanced TL coursework before SA experience
When in France, “do not speak French with other Americans” (p.
57).
Use more instruments more often
ESL Teacher Education Abroad and at Home: A Cautionary Tale(Pray & Marx, 2012)
Study
Comparison: Pre-service teachers in Mexico and in U.S.
Perceptions of culturally-appropriate language teaching Mixed Results
Developed a “more empathetic understanding of language and
cultural issues” (p. 216)
Overgeneralized own SA experience with ELLs’ experience in U.S.
Understood benefits of using L1 in language learning Recommendations
Teach SA courses and on-campus counterparts differently
Teach differences between students’ short-term SA experience &
long-term immigrants’ experience
Address misunderstandings related to language and culture
SA: A complement to on-campus programs—not a replacement
The Impact of an International Field Experience on Preservice Teachers (Pence & Macgillivray, 2008)
Study
Gauge impact of short-term SA experience
Data sources: journals, focus groups, observations, reflection
paper, course evaluations, questionnaire one year later
Professional and Personal Results
Increased confidence
Greater appreciation and respect for cultural diversity
Increased awareness of role of feedback and reflection
Program Planning Recommendations
“Importance of self-reflection cannot be overstated” (p. 24).
Carefully selected supervisors provide support and feedback
Two-fold focus: cultural diversity and personal/professional growth
Goal: produce lifelong learners who advocate for students and
families
44 South Korean Student Teachers came to USA to full student-teaching internship for two months in Jan & Feb 2012
Student Teachers were placed in both elementary and secondary classrooms with a cooperating teacher, based upon each student teachers’ content area of emphasis
Student-teachers were also placed in English Speaking host family homes for the duration of their stay in USA
Emphasis of their internship was to develop pedagogical knowledge to make them a better teacher in South Korea, being able to contrast the experience of South Korean Education system with the U.S. Education system
Each Student-Teacher had to be in either their Junior or Senior year of their education program
All content coursework must have been completed
Every student-teacher doing the Study Abroad internship had to meet TOEFL score requirements expected of incoming international students at most colleges
Does English language proficiency improve during short-term student-teaching internships?
Student-Teachers were given a pre-test (upon arrival at beginning of January), a mid-test (end of January), and post-test (end of February)
Each testing session utilized different forms of the test so that participants did not see the same questions again
Six areas were tested using two different tests• Michigan Test – Listening, Grammar,
Vocabulary, and Reading• Quick Informal Assessment (QIA) – Speaking
& Writing
The Listening Test consisted of 20 multiple choice questions
The questions were played on an audio CD
These questions were the first part of the Michigan Test
The Grammar Test consisted of 30 questions
These questions were numbers 21-50 of the Michigan Test
The Vocabulary Test consisted of 30 questions
These questions were numbers 51-80 of the Michigan Test
The Reading Test consisted of 20 questions
These questions were numbers 81-100 of the Michigan Test
A writing prompt was given to the students to write an essay about
Each essay was blindly scored by two scorers
Scores that differed by more than one point were discussed by each reviewer until consensus was made on the score
The Speaking Test consisted of multiple questions that progressively became more difficult
Once the student’s oral proficiency was determined, the test ended; thus, some students answered 16-20 questions while others answered much fewer questions than that
Statistically Signicant!• Growth in Listening during 2nd month!• Growth in Grammar across the two months
combined!• Reading (no growth from pre-post… drop off
at mid test could be due to stress, fatigue) No Statistical Significance
• Two months is too short a time to see gains in Speaking, Reading, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Writing
Improving ESL Learners' Listening Skills: At the Workplace and Beyond(Van Duzer, 1997)
Listening is demanding.
Listener, speaker, context, and level of visual support
Critical activity during ELs’ silent period and beyond
Listening is complex.
Many non-sequential processes occurring both simultaneously and
in rapid succession
Both bottom-up and top-down processes
Effective listening activities
Provide relevant tasks and authentic materials
Foster complex processing
Teach strategies
Have broad application
Listening plays a critical role in communication and in SLA.
Future groups are going to receive English training in regards to Listening and Grammar• Specifically idiomatic phrases
Qualitative studies to be done on perceptions of culture upon arriving contrasted with perceptions when leaving
What questions do you have?
How does this study connect to your own study abroad experiences?
References
D ’Amico, M. L. (2010). The effects of intensive study abroad and at home language
programs on second language acquisition of Spanish (Doctoral dissertation).
Retrieved from ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida. (ISBN: 978-1-
1245-1390-4)
Magnan, S.S., & Back, M. (2007). Social interaction and linguistic gain during study
abroad. Foreign Language Annuals, 40(1), 43-61.
Pence, H. M., & Macgillivray, I. K. (2008). The impact of an international field experience
on preservice teachers. Teaching & Teacher Education, 24(1), 14-25.
Pray, L., & Marx, S. (2010). ESL teacher education abroad and at home A cautionary tale.
The Teacher Educator, 45(3), 216-229. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2010.488099
Van Duzer, C. (1997). Improving ESL learners' listening skills: At the workplace and
beyond. Retrieved September 15, 2012, from the Center for Applied Linguistics
website: http://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/digests/listenqa.html
Wang, C. (2010). Toward a second language socialization perspective: Issues in study
abroad research. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 50-63.