Measles

Franklin Jones4/3/2012

MeaslesFranklin Jones

Early History of Measles

• First reports of measles date back to 700 AD, but the first scientific description was featured in Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi’s “Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah” (The Book of Smallpox and Measles) c. 900 AD.

• This account was also first distinction from smallpox and chickenpox

Not just an artifcact of our grandparent’s generation

Remains a threat to children of the 3rd world

Symptomsa b

c

3 C’s

Only six structural proteins

From Me(asles) to Youa

The virus enters a host cell

From here on out…

Pick an organ, any organ

Clinical symptoms are present after incubation period

c

d

Not done yet

Viral shedding

The virus must return to the epithelium

Clinical diagnosis is most common

4 Day Fever

Observation of one of the 3 C’s(cough, coryza, conjuctivits)

The body fights back

Treatment is not strictly palliative

• Can not kill virus, but can alleviate symptoms– IV fluids– Fever medication– Antibiotics for secondary infetions (PSSE)– Vitamin A supplement

• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (PSSE)

Antibodies are able to ward off infection

• Live attennuated– Edmonston B or Schwartz stains90%

seroconversion-Often incorporated

with rubella and/or mumps vaccine

Bright Future

• The Measles Initiative- collaborative effort of WHO, UNICEF, ICRC, CDC, and UN + various private and public partners

• Mortality decreased by 74% between 2000 and 2007, from an estimated 750,000 to 197,000…this achieved the UN’s goal to reduce measles deaths by 90% by 2010, three years early

Side effects of vaccine?

Additional Links

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPQZyt_EoGw- Amnest International Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v80kA_dt6EE- Histopathology of Measles-Pneumonia

• http://digital.films.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=35512 - BBC

Picture References• Slide 1http://www.inquisitr.com/164771/measles-outbreak-spreading-across-europe/• Slide 2- http://www.payvand.com/news/07/aug/Persian-Scientists_files/image012.jpg• Slide 3 - Bryce, Jennifer. "WHO Estimates of the Causes of Death in Children." The Lancet 365(2005):

1147-1152. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://ih.stanford.edu/rosenfield/resources/WHO%20Estimates%20of%20COD%20in%20Kids.pdf>.

• Slide 4 – Ibid• Slide 5a- http://newspaper.li/measles/• Slide 5b- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/2558.jpg• Slide 5c- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19322.jpg• Slide 6- Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908. Web. 28 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>.• Slide 7a- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sneeze.JPG/300px-

Sneeze.JPG• Slide 7b- Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908. Web. 28 Mar. 2012.

<http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>.• Slide 8 – Yanagi, Yusuke. "Measles Virus: Cellular Receptors, Tropism and Pathogenesis." Journal of

General Virology 87(2006): 2767-2779. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsv/56/1/56_27/_article>.

• Slide 9 - Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>.

Cont.• Slide 10 – Ibid• Slide 11b- Ibid• Slide 11c- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/2558.jpg• Slide 11d- - http://newspaper.li/measles/• Slide 12 – Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908. Web. 28 Mar.

2012. <http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>.• Slide 13- Racaniello, Vincent. "An Exit Strategy for Measles Virus." Science 334.6063 (2011):

1650-1651. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6063/1650.full>.• Slide 14 – http://www.google.com/imgres?

q=doctor+treating+child&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=687&bih=679&tbm=isch&tbnid=ThZzyS0v7XT8hM:&imgrefurl=http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/article.cfm%3Fid%3D3203&docid=5fEpKNCMXdlAjM&imgurl=http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/images/news/2008/Zimbabwe-34932.jpg&w=550&h=413&ei=vu96T_20FIzO9ATT_dmaBQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=299&sig=104733455050295071052&page=2&tbnh=151&tbnw=231&start=10&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:10&tx=140&ty=98

• Slide 15- Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>.

Cont.

• Slide 17 – http://www.google.com/imgres?q=MMR&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=687&bih=679&tbm=isch&tbnid=dIFhsmQJYnESSM:&imgrefurl=http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/healthServices/mmrClinics.html&docid=W3v5BNv_CSpxqM&imgurl=http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/healthServices/HSImages/mmr.jpg&w=250&h=252&ei=BfB6T6WzCYGm8gT1svz2BA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=385&sig=104733455050295071052&page=1&tbnh=130&tbnw=129&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=52&ty=54

• Slide 19 - http://www.cmaj.ca/content/182/4/E199/F1.large.jpg

Other Sources• Moss, William. "Global Measles Elimination." Nature 4(2006): 900-908.

Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n12/full/nrmicro1550.html>

• Racaniello, Vincent. "An Exit Strategy for Measles Virus." Science 334.6063 (2011): 1650-1651. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6063/1650.full.

• Yanagi, Yusuke. "Measles Virus: Cellular Receptors, Tropism and Pathogenesis." Journal of General Virology 87(2006): 2767-2779. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsv/56/1/56_27/_article>.

• Bryce, Jennifer. "WHO Estimates of the Causes of Death in Children." The Lancet 365(2005): 1147-1152. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://ih.stanford.edu/rosenfield/resources/WHO%20Estimates%20of%20COD%20in%20Kids.pdf>.