Means Tested Programs B Welfare Source: Brookings Slide 2 Theme
for Today as we move from TANF to Healthcare Bi-polar (as in
shifting back and forth) Tension between our values of: Personal
Responsibility & Leave No One Behind Slide 3 History of
Government Assistance in the United States Commonly Known as
Welfare Social Security Act of 1935 (Great Depression) Social
Security, pensions for elderly Unemployment compensation Aid to
mothers with dependent children Later became AFDC (Aid to Families
with Dependent Children) In 1996 it became TANF (Temporary
Assistance to Needy Families under the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996) Slide 4 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
Misra Moller and Karides 2003 Ideological Shifts in Media Discourse
Over Time Slide 5 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
Misra Moller and Karides 2003 Ideological Shifts in Media Discourse
Over Time Slide 6 Welfare Proportion of the Budget Quiz Questions #
11 & 12 Devolution as Seen from the Budget Author(s): C. Eugene
Steuerle, Gordon MerminC. Eugene SteuerleGordon Mermin Other
Availability: PDF | Order Online | Printer-Friendly VersionPDFOrder
OnlinePrinter-Friendly Version Published: January 01, 1997 Citation
URL: http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=307034 Back Q 11 12 Slide 7
Food Stamps HUD SSI UI EITC Welfare As we will discuss, federal
employees and railroad employees dont participate in social
security. VESID Public School College Loans One Stop Centers CDC
FDA SCHIP Prescriptions for seniors Slide 8 These are taxes to
yourself to pay for your personal insurance Slide 9 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
Misra Moller and Karides 2003 Dramatic caseload increases after
1988 caseload increases caseload increases Public perception:
Welfare out of control out of controlout of control Public opinion
AFDC very unpopular seen as anti-work (no paid work requirement)
(Quiz #20) andanti-work (no paid work requirement) (Quiz #20) and
anti-family (encouraged single parenthood) Quiz Q 16
&18anti-family (encouraged single parenthood) Quiz Q 16 &18
The public was willing to accept almost any alternative to the
status quo The public was willing to accept almost any alternative
to the status quo shifted to overwhelming support for work
requirements for custodial parents, shifted to overwhelming support
for work requirements for custodial parents, Racial Tensions Why
Welfare Reform Finally Passed Slide 10 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
Misra Moller and Karides 2003 Ideological Shifts in Media Discourse
Over Time http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/leavers99/race.htm#fig1 Source:
Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for
Children and Families, Characteristics and Financial Circumstances
of TANF Recipients, 1998, and earlier reports. Race is determined
based on the race of the adult recipient; in child-only cases, race
is determined based on the youngest child in the unit. Q 2 Slide 11
Certain Groups are Over- Represented in Poverty Quiz questions:
1&2 Table 9.2: Who Are the Poor in the United States? Slide 12
http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=114&subid=143&contentid=250112
Slide 13 Where the Welfare Queen Myth Started During that election
Reagan often recited the story of a woman from Chicago's South Side
who was arrested for welfare fraud. "She has 80 names, 30
addresses, 12 Social Security cards and is collecting veteran's
benefits on four non-existing deceased husbands. And she is
collecting Social Security on her cards. She's got Medicaid,
getting food stamps, and she is collecting welfare under each of
her names." David Zucchino, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter,
spent a year with two welfare mothers in Philadelphia and wrote
"The Myth of the Welfare Queen." According to Zucchino, "[T]he
image of the big- spending, lavish-living, Cadillac-driving welfare
queen was by then thoroughly embedded in American folklore."
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html
http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/99-2NRsummer99/Gilliam.html
Slide 14 The 'Welfare Queen' Experiment How Viewers React to Images
of African-American Mothers on Welfare By Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr.
The Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University Vol. 53
No. 2 Summer 1999 True to form, exposure to the full confirmation
of the script (i.e. black Rhonda) increased opposition to welfare
spending by five percent and showed a 10 percent rise in an
attribution of cause to individual failings.
http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/99-2NRsummer99/Gilliam.html
Slide 15 First, broadcasters should be encouraged to more
accurately reflect the real world of welfare. Most welfare
recipients are children and most welfare recipients are not
African-American. Second, the knee-jerk response of simply showing
more white women on welfare would not reduce polarizing racial
effects. The evidence from this study suggests that exposure to
white welfare mothers actually makes white viewers feel more
negatively toward blacks. Third, the welfare script, as seen
frequently on broadcast news, contributes to racial hostility.
http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/99-2NRsummer99/Gilliam.html
The 'Welfare Queen' Experiment How Viewers React to Images of
African-American Mothers on Welfare By Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr. The
Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University Vol. 53 No.
2 Summer 1999 Slide 16
http://www.fair.org/extra/9705/welfare-coverage.html What passed
for debate sounded more like a chorus-exaggerating the burden of
welfare programs on the federal budget and scapegoating the poor,
the black, the foreign, the female and the young. Relatively
powerless groups became the targets of politicians and most of the
press, while their advocates were routinely excluded from or
belittled in the discussion. Long- time critics of "welfare" from
the women's movement, trade unions and the left were sidelined.
Slide 17 CNN Video Clip: Note the main parts of welfare reform What
are the main points of the reform? Slide 18 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
TANFAFDC Entitlement Status States were not allowed to time limit
beneficiaries States were not allowed to time limit beneficiaries
End Cash Entitlement Requirements Federal 5-Year Time Limit Federal
5-Year Time Limit Slide 19 Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
TANFAFDC Weakly Enforced Activity Requirements generally focused on
education and training rather than work generally focused on
education and training rather than work Stringent Work Requirements
Strongly enforced Strongly enforced Sanctions Sanctions Slide 20
Data Source:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htmhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/news/stats/3697.htm
http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/takeitfromme/abouttheissues.html
TANFAFDC Shared cost Federal (50%) Federal (50%) states (25%)
states (25%) Local (25%) Local (25%) Block Grant Funding Pre-set
Amounts Pre-set Amounts Slide 21 And What part is each of the
following cartoons poking fun at as: -impractical -harsh
-distracting from the real problem Slide 22
www.claybennett.com/pages/welffare_reform.html Slide 23
http://www.cartoonwork.com/archive/uspoliticscartoons/queen.htm
Slide 24 Slide 25 Is the Reform a Success? Hard to Say Because 1
Most Rhetoric is about adults, But most clients are kids. TANF
Families Fiscal Years 1996 - 2005
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa/ Slide 26
http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/1998/11/02/corp.welfare.html
Corporate Welfare Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=rHcLCSA75mE&feature=related http://echo.lemoyne.edu/start/mai
n.asp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=rHcLCSA75mE&feature=related Slide 27
http://www.cartoonwork.com/archive/uspoliticscartoons/welfarecadillac.htm
Eagan p.111 pp2 (6 lines from bottom) The ones driving welfare
Cadillacs are not poor mothers but chairmen of the board. Corporate
Welfare: A term that refers to government subsidies for businesses
and wealthy individuals. (Eagan 108) Used by both Liberals and then
Conservatives, but in slightly different ways Spending for
corporate welfare programs outweighs spending for low-income
programs by more than three to one: $167 billion to $51.7 billion
(source: Aid for Dependent Corporations, from the Corporate Welfare
Project and How Much Do We Spend on Welfare?, from the Center on
Budget and Policy Priorities, FY 95 figures)Center on Budget and
Policy Priorities Slide 28 Slide 29 Egan: Liberal Left (108) Argue
for including tax expenditures in def. Because from budget
perspective the same as if the gvt spent the $. Also, once added to
tax code, not subject to annual budget review process & thus
harder to remove Conservative Policy Organizations (109) Argue to
exclude tax expenditures from def. Because for them reduce tax
expend- itures is the same as increasing taxes on business Broad
Definition Narrow Definition CSRL estimate: $167 Billion Cato
estimate: $65 Billion Why the difference of opinion? What are their
interests? Compare Corp Welf to Welf for Poor Make Econ run
efficiently Slide 30 Average taxpayers pick up an expensive tab for
corporate welfare expenditures. Government spending for corporate
welfare programs far exceeds government spending for social
programs. Spending for corporate welfare programs outweighs
spending for low-income programs by more than three to one: $167
billion to $51.7 billion (source: Aid for Dependent Corporations,
from the Corporate Welfare Project and How Much Do We Spend on
Welfare?, from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, FY 95
figures)Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Total federal
spending on a safety net for the poor costs the average taxpayer
about $400 a year, while spending on corporate welfare programs
costs the same taxpayer about $1400 a year. (source: CBO figures)
Corporate welfare programs are protected at the expense of the poor
and powerless. In the last Congress, spending for the needy
absorbed the majority of spending cuts, while corporate welfare
spending was barely touched. Over 90% of the budget cuts passed by
the last Congress cut spending for the poor -- programs that ensure
food for the needy, housing for the homeless, job training for the
unemployed, community health care for the sick. (source: Center on
Budget and Policy Priorities, Bearing Most of the Burden, 1996).
Only 3.9% of total federal outlays go to programs that solely
benefit poor people. Welfare programs for corporations do not play
by the same rules as welfare for people. Welfare benefits for
individuals and families are limited by strict eligibility
requirements and time limits, while corporations get corporate
welfare benefits regardless of wealth or accountability.
Individuals and families must demonstrate need to receive benefits,
while corporations with billions of dollars in annual income remain
on the federal dole. Fact: Most social spending is in the form of
discretionary spending, which is scrutinized in the annual budget
negotiating process in Congress; most corporate welfare programs
are in the form of tax expenditures, which go on and on since they
are not subject to annual review by Congress. Slide 31
http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb108/hb108-33.pdf In fiscal year
2002, the federal government spent about $93 billion on programs
that subsidize businesses. Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Food Stamps
HUD SSI UI EITC Welfare While Most of the talk is about welfare as
you can see, we spend more on food stamps, Tax policy, and housing!
So lets talk about them VESID Public School College Loans One Stop
Centers CDC FDA SCHIP Prescriptions for seniors Slide 35 Beyond
here fyi- go to Food Stamps Slide 36 Focus on Work and
Accountability Wednesday, June 28, 2006 Slide 37 Is the Reform a
Success? Hard to Say Because 1 Most Rhetoric is about adults, But
most clients are kids. TANF Families Fiscal Years 1996 - 2005
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa/ Slide 38 Is the Reform a
Success? Hard to Say Because 2 Most Rhetoric is about adults, But
most clients are kids. Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation,
Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.103 Many people rely on
welfare. Is being a welfare queen the norm? Slide 39 Source: Mark
Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press.
P.105 Slide 40 Is the Reform a Success? Hard to Say Because 4 Does
it Raise you Above Poverty? Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation,
Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.103 Slide 41 Is the
Reform a Success? Hard to Say Because 4 Does it Raise you Above
Poverty? Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged.
Oxford University Press. P.103 Slide 42 Slide 43 Slide 44 Studying
Actual Budget Usage Source: Edin and Lein Slide 45 Studying Actual
Budget Usage Source: Edin and Lein Working Welfare Reliant Quiz #
19 Slide 46 Is the Reform a Success? Hard to Say Because 5 Was the
Purpose to reduce expenditures? Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One
Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.103 The
Washington Post National Weekly Edition p20 Slide 47
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/Test030701b.cfm 26 32 1990
1995 Less than 1% of federal budget (Nightengale and Haveman
preface 1995) 21 1999 Were spending less on cash Assistance:But
more overall Slide 48 Is the Reform a Success? Hard to Say Because
6 Was the Purpose to Help the poor Or employers? Source: Mark Rank.
2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.103
The Washington Post National Weekly Edition p20 6 Slide 49
*Bethlehem Steel *Exxon *J.C. Penney *Chase Manhattan Bank *the
Lilly Endowment (corporate-sponsored foundation) *the Smith
Richardson *Foundation (corporate- sponsored foundation) *the
Rockefeller Brothers Trust (corporate-sponsored foundation) *the
Earhart Foundation (corporate-sponsored foundation) American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Douglas J. Besharov
Charles Murray Lawrence Mead Lobbied for 5 yr time limit and work
first policies Led charge against twin evils of "dependency" and
"illegitimacy" Argued social programs overly permissive, regulate
more tightly to enforce social obligations to work Donors $$$ Think
Tanks Funded Researchers Ideas & Data Slide 50 Corporate and
Conservative Funders Think Tanks Researchers Ideas Referneces Used
in the Creation of this Chart: Ellen Reese (Forthcoming) "Chapter
9: Making Welfare Good for Business: Businessmen,
Corporate-Sponsored ThinkTanks, and the Contemporary Welfare
Backlash" in Backlash Against Welfare Mothers: Past and Present.,
Department of Sociology University of California, Riverside.
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. (2002)
Web Site, Accessed October 23, 2002, http://www.aei.org/ Douglas J.
Besharov (2002) Professional Profile, Accessed October 23, 2002,
AEI, http://www.aei.org/scholars/besharov.htm Charles Murray (2002)
Professional Profile, Accessed October 23, 2002 Senior Fellow, AEI,
http://www.aei.org/scholars/murray.htmb The Heritage Foundation.
(2002) Web Site, Accessed October 23, 2002,
http://www.heritage.org/ Robert E. Rector, Senior Research Fellow,
The Heritage Foundation (2002) Professional Profile, Accessed
October 23, 2002,
http://www.heritage.org/About/Staff/RobertRector.cfm Patrick F.
Fagan William H. G. Fitzgerald Research Fellow In Family and
Cultural Issues, The Heritage Foundation, (2002) Professional
Profile, Accessed October 23, 2002,
http://www.heritage.org/About/Staff/PatrickFagan.cfm The Manhattan
Institute for Policy Research (2002) Web Site, Accessed October 23,
2002, http://www.manhattan-institute.org/ Hudson Institute (2002)
Web Site, Accessed October 23, 2002, http://www.hudson.org/ George
Gilders Wealth and Poverty, (New York, New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Publishers, 1981), A review by Rachel Heitmann,History 791,
Readings Seminar, University of South Dakota, March 2001,
http://www.usd.edu/~rheitman/review7.htm Bethlehem Steel Exxon J.C.
Penney Chase Manhattan Bank the Lilly Endowment
(corporate-sponsored foundation) the Smith Richardson Foundation
(corporate- sponsored foundation) the Rockefeller Brothers Trust
(corporate- sponsored foundation) the Earhart Foundation
(corporate-sponsored foundation) American Enterprise Institute for
Public Policy Research Douglas J. Besharov Charles Murray Lawrence
Mead Lobbied for 5 yr time limit and work first policies Led charge
against twin evils of "dependency" and "illegitimacy" Argued social
programs overly permissive, regulate more tightly to enforce social
obligations to work The Heritage Foundation Joseph Coors (the beer
baron) Roy Rogers (the film and television star and fast food
entrepreneur) Richard Scaife (heir of the Mellon banking fortune)
Patrick F. Fagan Marvin Olasky Robert Rector James Payne Urged work
requirements and sanctions for "able bodied" to instill responsible
behavior & self discipline Pushed for broad policy reforms to
reinforce traditional 2-parent families & reduce need for
welfare Championed "Compassionate Conservatisem" challenge and
sprititual growth as anti-poverty components Suggested replacing
government programs with private charities - expecting work in
exchange for help. the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
(conservative foundation) the John M. Olin Foundation (conservative
foundation) the Sarah Scaife Foundation (conservative foundation)
Hudson Institute Michael J. Horowitz Advocated ending entitlement
and replacing them with block grants, requiring strict performance
standards for states, and against providing welfare to unwed
teenage mothers living alone. the Bradley, Olin, and Smith
Richardson Foundation (conservative foundation) The Scaife
Foundation (conservative foundation) The Manhattan Institute Peter
Cove Charles Murray George Gilder Asserted welfare only hurts poor
by making them unwilling to work. The morality of capitalism.
Founded America Works, favoring privatization and performance based
contracting. Argued welfare should be abolished as detrimental to
the poor, provide incentive to become reliant, discourage work and
marriage. John Dilulio Pioneered faith-based policies and
charitable choice in aid to poor. Slide 51 Slide 52 Four prominent
Conservative Think Tanks: Hudson Institute The Heritage Foundation
The Manhattan Institute American Enterprise Institute for Public
Policy Research Think Tanks: A Major Source of Knowledge Slide 53
Academic Publications ProducedCount Book14 Journal45 Testimony10
Bulletin, Memo, Report, Executive Summary of Newspaper Article36
Other Publication68 Total173 Publications Made by Identified
Researchers Pertaining to Welfare Reform Slide 54 Print Media
Atlantic Commentary Los Angeles Times New Republic New York Times
Newsday Tampa Tribune The Economist The Indianapolis Star The
Public Interest The Times (London) Wall Street Journal Washington
Post Slide 55 Television and Radio ABC Good Morning AmericaPBS News
Hour ABC NightlinePhil Donahue Show CBS 20/20 and Prime Time
LiveDerek McGinty Show CNN Crossfire and Larry King LiveNews Hour
CNN Crossfire and NewsroomThink Tank NBC Meet the Press and Today
ShowCharlie Rose Nightline NPR All Things Considered PBS Firing
LineDiane Rehm Show This WeekTalk of the Nation Slide 56 Source:
Timothy Bartik. 2001. Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor Demand Policies
Help?. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. P.24 Slide 57 Source:
Timothy Bartik. 2001. Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor Demand Policies
Help?. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. P.73 Slide 58 Q 15 Slide
59 Is the Reform a Success? It depends on how you define success
Slide 60 An alternative for the Final Paper Quiz Question # 7 Slide
61 Handouts Slide 62 Slide 63 Slide 64 Slide 65 Slide 66 End Slide
67 Extra Material for Discussion Slide 68
http://www.cartoonwork.com/archive/uspoliticscartoons/queen.htm
Slide 69
http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=114&subid=143&contentid=250112
Slide 70
http://www.cartoonwork.com/archive/socio-econcartoons/welfare-experience.htm
Re Visit Quiz Question # 9 Slide 71 TANF Families Fiscal Years 1996
- 2005 Slide 72 Effect of the Caseload Reduction Credit FY 1997
2004 and FY 2007 Slide 73 TANF Families Required to Participate in
Work Activities in FY 2004 (Hours reported for the prior month)
Slide 74 Welfare Mother Stereotypes
http://www.photodocumentarypress.com/wel_mom.html Slide 75 Where is
Gender?
http://www.acf.hhs.gov//programs/ofa/character/FY2001/characteristics.htm#_Toc25546984
Most TANF adult recipients were women. Men represented only ??
percent of adult recipients. Approx 70% of recipients are children
(Watchdogs Q 1, NYS DSS) Slide 76 Source: Brookings Back Slide 77
Slide 78 For Both Clients and States: Explain? (Source: The
Economist October 11, 2003:13) Quiz # 15 Slide 79 Slide 80 Source:
Brookings TANF 1996 Slide 81 TANF 1996 Slide 82 Focus on
understanding (not memorizing) the 11 Highlights Slide 83
Highlights of TANF 1. Work Requirements: Recipients (with few
exceptions) must work as soon as they are job ready or no later
than two years after coming on assistance. 2. Work Activities:
Activities that count toward a states participation rates (some
restrictions may apply): unsubsidized or subsidized employment
on-the-job training work experience community service job search
not to exceed 6 total weeks and no more than 4 consecutive weeks
vocational training not to exceed 12 months job skills training
related to work satisfactory secondary school attendance providing
child care services to individuals who are participating in
community service. 3. Five-Year Time Limit: Families with an adult
who has received federally funded assistance for a total of five
years (or less at state option) are not eligible for cash aid under
the TANF program. Slide 84 Highlights of TANF 4. State Maintenance
of Effort Requirement (MOE): The TANF block grant has an annual
cost-sharing requirement for States, referred to as maintenance of
effort or MOE. Every fiscal year each state must spend a certain
minimum amount of its own money to help eligible families in ways
consistent with the TANF program. 5. Penalties The Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) may reduce a state's block grant if
it fails to do any of the following: satisfy work requirements
comply with the five-year limit on assistance meet the states
Contingency fund MOE requirement reduce recipient grants for
refusing to participate in work activities without good cause
maintain assistance when a single custodial parent with a child
under six can not obtain child care submit required data reports
comply with paternity establishment and child support enforcement
requirements participate in the Income and Eligibility Verification
System repay a federal loan on time use funds appropriately replace
federal penalty reductions with additional state funds. 6. Personal
Employability Plans: States must make an initial assessment of a
recipients skills. States may develop personal responsibility plans
for each recipient to identify the education, training, and job
placement services needed to move into the workforce. Slide 85
Highlights of TANF 7. Teen Parent Live-at-Home and Stay-in-School
Requirement: Unmarried minor parents must participate in
educational and training activities and live with a responsible
adult or in an adult- supervised setting in order to receive
assistance. 8. State Plans: HHS reviews state plans for
completeness only. States must allow for a 45-day comment period on
the state plan by local governments and private organizations and
consult with them. The state plan must have objective criteria for
eligibility and benefits that are fair and equitable. The plan must
explain appeal rights. In order to remain eligible, i.e., continue
to qualify to receive funding under TANF, States will need to
submit TANF renewal plans during the applicable 27-month period
described in section 402 of the Social Security Act. Only eligible
States may receive a TANF block grant. 9. Job Subsidies: The law
allows States to create jobs by taking money that is now used for
welfare checks and using it to create community service jobs,
provide income subsidies, or provide hiring incentives for
potential employers. 10. Waivers: States that received approval for
welfare reform waivers before January 1, 1997, have the option to
operate their cash assistance program under some or all of these
waivers until the waivers expire. Slide 86 Highlights of TANF 11.
Bonuses: The law includes provisions for two bonuses that may be
awarded to States and territories in addition to their basic TANF
block grant. TANFs High Performance Bonus program provides cash
awards to States for high relative achievement on certain measures
related to the goals and purposes of the TANF program. The
Department of Health and Human Services is required to award a
Bonus to Reward Decrease in Illegitimacy Ratio to as many as five
States (and three territories, if eligible) that achieve the
largest decrease in out-of- wedlock births without experiencing an
increase in their abortion rates above 1995 levels. Slide 87
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/ http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/ A great Place to
Find Info on Some Social Welfar e Progra ms Slide 88 Left off Slide
89 1. Quiz Overview and Misconceptions of Welfare 2. Attitudes
about Welfare Ideology 3. Race and Welfare 4. Welfare Reform 5. Why
Judging Reform Success is So Complex Slide 90 Two Views of Poverty
The poor are victims of their circumstances and do not have
opportunities to advanceThe poor are victims of their circumstances
and do not have opportunities to advance The poor are responsible
for their circumstances and do not take advantage of available
opportunitiesThe poor are responsible for their circumstances and
do not take advantage of available opportunities LiberalLiberal
ConservativeConservative Source: Brookings ??? Slide 91 Starobin
Nanny State= social justice concern Daddy State= public order
concern Minimal State= do as little as possible. Slide 92 Two Views
of Poverty The poor are victims of their circumstances and do not
have opportunities to advanceThe poor are victims of their
circumstances and do not have opportunities to advance The poor are
responsible for their circumstances and do not take advantage of
available opportunitiesThe poor are responsible for their
circumstances and do not take advantage of available opportunities
LiberalLiberal ConservativeConservative Source: Brookings ???
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford
University Press. P.80 LiberalLiberal ConservativeConservative ???
The emphasis of antipoverty policy in the U.S. has shifted between
these two views The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996 emphasizes the____view Conservat ive
Slide 93 Support for Working Families Increases Dramatically,
1984-1999 Source: Congressional Budget Office 5.6 51.7 Spending in
1999 under: 1984 Law 1999 Law Source: Brookings The four purposes
of TANF are: 1.assisting needy families so that children can be
cared for in their own homes 2.reducing the dependency of needy
parents by promoting job preparation, work and marriage
3.preventing out-of- wedlock pregnancies 4.encouraging the
formation and maintenance of two- parent families. Source: Sawhill
et al TANF 1996
