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ME2121-2 Lab Report C4
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Lee Zu Jian
A0101835N
Lab Group 2N1
20/09/2013
FORMAL REPORT FOR
ME2121-2
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AIR-CONDITIONERS
SEMESTER 3
2013/2014
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
Objective
To examine the vapour compression refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner and evaluate
the cooling capacity, power consumption and the Coefficient of Performance (COP) under
different fan speeds.
Results
Using the readings recorded in the raw data sheet as well as the psychrometric chart,
In the high fan experiment,
Flow rate = 7.7m3/min
For air inlet,
Ti = (24.3 ± 0.1) oC
Relative Humidity = (49.4 ± 0.1)%
Using psychrometric chart,
Enthalpy, h = 49.0 kJ/kg of dry air
Specific volume, v = 0.856 m3/kg of dry air
Humidity ratio, w = 0.0095 kg moisture /kg of dry air
Wet bulb temperature = 17.4 oC
For air outlet,
To = (13.4 ± 0.1) oC
Relative Humidity = (85.2 ± 0.1)%
Using psychrometric chart,
Enthalpy, h = 35.0 kJ/kg of dry air
Specific volume, v = 0.823 m3/kg of dry air
Humidity ratio, w = 0.0085 kg moisture /kg of dry air
Wet bulb temperature = 12.3 oC
In the low fan experiment,
Flow rate = 6.8m3/min
For air inlet,
Ti = (25.8 ± 0.1) oC
Relative Humidity = (45.4 ± 0.1)%
Using psychrometric chart,
Enthalpy, h = 50.5 kJ/kg of dry air
Specific volume, v = 0.860 m3/kg of dry air
Humidity ratio, w = 0.0095 kg moisture /kg of dry air
Wet bulb temperature = 17.8 oC
For air outlet,
To = (13.8 ± 0.1) oC
Relative Humidity = (85.2 ± 0.1)%
Using psychrometric chart,
Enthalpy, h = 36.0 kJ/kg of dry air
Specific volume, v = 0.824 m3/kg of dry air
Humidity ratio, w = 0.0085 kg moisture /kg of dry air
Wet bulb temperature = 12.5 oC
Discussion/ Analysis of Results
QN1.
Schematic Diagram of Refrigeration Cycle
Temperature readings were taken at the points indicated by the squares and pressure
readings were taken at points as shown by the circles.
Evaporator
Condenser
Compressor Expansion Device
Heat absorbed
Heat rejected
Cin
Eout
Cout
Ein
T4
1
Cin
Cin
Cin
T1
1
Cin
Cin
Cin
T2
1
Cin
Cin
Cin
T3
1
Cin
Cin
Cin
T5
1
Cin
Cin
Cin
Calculations
QN2.
(i) As there are 2 methods to calculate the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, both
methods will be used and the average of the results obtained by each method will be taken.
First Method
For high fan experiment,
=2118 W
For low fan experiment,
=2023 W
Second Method
For high fan experiment,
=2183 W
For low fan experiment,
=1994 W
Taking the average of both methods,
Cooling capacity at high fan = 0.5(2118 + 2183) = 2151 W
Cooling capacity at low fan = 0.5(2023 + 1994) = 2009 W
(ii) The coefficient of performance is defined as:
The Energy Efficiency Ratio is the same, except that the capacity is expressed in
Btu/h instead.
For high fan,
For low fan,
(iii) The fraction of the capacity that goes to dehumidify the air is as follows:
For high fan,
17.9%
For low fan,
16.9%
(iv) Error Analysis
The sensible heat transferred to the refrigerant,
The relative error in the sensible heat can be expressed as:
since only the error caused by temperature measurement is taken into account.
Therefore, the absolute error:
where and
Similarly, the error in the latent heat transferred to the refrigerant can be established as
follows:
The latent heat transferred to the refrigerant,
The error in the cooling capacity and COP can be expressed as:
where W is the power input to the compressor.
For high fan experiment,
Error in the cooling capacity:
Error in COP:
For low fan experiment,
Error in the cooling capacity:
Error in COP:
From the error calculations above, it can clearly be seen that most of the error is
contributed by the error in the latent heat. This is most likely because the absolute humidity
of air is not directly measurable in this experiment and relies on the psychrometric chart to
obtain an estimate of the value, which is subject to human error. Furthermore, the change
in absolute humidity is very small, which amplifies the significance of the error as well.
Diagram and sketches
QN3.
At high fan speed,
Absolute pressure readings = Gauge pressure + 1 bar
Pressure at evaporator inlet
Pressure at evaporator outlet
Pressure at condenser inlet
Pressure at condenser outlet
QN4.
Total heat rejection can be estimated to be the total energy of the hot exhaust air minus the
initial energy of the air into the condenser.
For high fan,
Total heat rejected
kJ
kJ
For low fan,
Total heat rejected
kJ
kJ
The amount of heat rejected is very large. However, it may be possible to recover part of the
energy rejected to the atmosphere. This is because the thermodynamic process in the
compressor requires an increase in both temperature and pressure, therefore if the exhaust
heat can somehow be transferred back to the compressor, some of the heat may possibly
be converted to work, thus increasing the efficiency of the system.
Conclusion
Through this experiment, I have learnt about the workings of the air conditioner and its
refrigeration cycle and evaluated its performance by calculating the cooling capacity, power
consumption, the resulting Coefficient of Performance and Energy Efficiency Ratio. Also, the
operation of the air conditioner rejects an extremely large amount of thermal energy into
the atmosphere and we should look for ways to make this energy useful.