1) Research hypotheses are ------------------a. Formulated prior
to a review of the literatureb. Statements of predicted
relationships between variablesc. Stated such that they can be
confirmed or refutedd. Both b and c2) Hypothesis in qualitative
research studies usually ------------a. Are very specific and
stated prior to beginning the studyb. Are often generated as the
data are collected, interpreted and analyzedc. Are never usedd. Are
always stated after the research study has been completed3.
Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for
one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known
as -----------a. Action researchb. Basic researchc. Quantitative
researchd. Mixed method research4. Qualitative research is often
exploratory and has all of the following characteristics
except--------a. It is typically used when a great deal is already
known about the topic of interestb. It relies on the collection of
non numerical data such as words and picturesc. It is used to
generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the
worldd. It uses the inductive scientific method5. The opposite of a
variable ---------a. A constantb. An extraneous variablec. A
dependent variabled. A data set6. A variable that is presumed to
cause a change in another variable is called as -------------a.
Categorical variableb. Dependent variablec. Independent variabled.
Intervening variable7. A condition or characteristic that can take
on different values or categories is called -------------a. A
constantb. A variablec. A cause-and-effect relationshipd. A
descriptive relationship8. The quantitative research is best
described by----------a. The collection of non numerical datab. An
attempt to confirm the researchers hypothesesc. Research that is
exploratoryd. Research that attempts to generate new theory9.
------------ allow a researcher to examine the degree and direction
of the relationship between 2 characteristics or variablesa.
Correlational designsb. Quasi-experimental designsc. Confounding
variablesd. Experimental designs10. A dependent variable refers to
-----------------a. The experimental conditionb. The variable which
shows us the effect of the manipulationc. The variable being
manipulated or varied in some way by the researcherd. A variable
with a single value which remains constant in a particular
context11. Variables are ---------------a. The main focus of
research in scienceb. Something that can vary in terms of
precisionc. Something that we can measured. All of the above12. The
sort of variable manipulated by the researcher is -------a.
Dependentb. C0-dependentc. Independentd. All variables are
manipulated by the researcher13. The null and alternative
hypotheses divide all possibilities into---------a. Two sets that
overlapb. Two non-overlapping setsc. Two sets that may or may not
overlapd. As many sets as necessary to cover all possibilities14.
-------------- is true of the null and alternative hypothesesa.
Exactly one hypothesis must be trueb. Both hypotheses must be
truec. It is possible for both hypotheses to be trued. It is
possible for neither hypothesis to be true15. The form of the
alternative hypothesis can bea. one-tailedb. Two-tailedc. Neither
one nor two tailedd. One or two-tailed16. The alternative
hypothesis is also known as the a. Elective hypothesisb. Optional
hypothesisc. Research hypothesisd. Null hypothesis17. A Type II
error is also known as a ---------a. False positiveb. False
negativec. Double negatived. Positive negative18. A type I error is
also known as ----------------a. False positiveb. False negativec.
Double negatived. Positive negative19. ------- is the failure to
reject a false null hypothesisa. Type I errorb. Type II errorc.
Type A errord. Type B error20. Which of the following statements
is/are true according to the logic of hypothesis testing?a. When
the null hypothesis is true, it should be rejectedb. When the null
hypothesis is true, it should not be rejectedc. When the null
hypothesis is false, it should be rejectedd. Both b and c are
true21. A literature review requires a. Planningb. Good and clear
writingc. Lot of rewritingd. All of the above22. Conducting surveys
is the most common method of generating ------------a. Primary
datab. Secondary datac. Qualitative datad. None of the above23. A
list of questions which is handled over to the respondent, who
reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the
-------a. Interview scheduleb. Questionnairec. Interview guidedd.
All of the above24. Exploratory research addresses one of the
following types of questiona. Ifb. Howc. Whyd. What25. Hypotheses
test may also be called asa. Informal testb. Significance testc.
Moderating testd. t-test26. The interview in which questions are
already prepared is called -------------a. Telephone interviewb.
Personal interviewc. Unstructured interviewd. Structured
interview27. The group that does not receive the experimental
treatment condition is the -------------a. Experimental groupb.
Control groupc. Treatment groupd. Independent group28. There is a
number of ways in which confounding extraneous variables can be
controlled. Which control technique is considered to be the best?a.
Random assignmentb. Matchingc. Counterbalancingd. None of the
above29. A cell is a combination of 2 or more ------------ in a
factorial designa. Research designsb. Research measurementsc.
Dependent variablesd. Independent variables30. A factorial design
is one in which--------------a. Only one independent variable is
studied to determine its effect on the dependent variableb. Only
two independent variables are simultaneously studied to determine
their independent and interactive effects on the dependent
variablesc. Two or more independent variables are simultaneously
studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on
the dependent variabled. Two dependent variables are studied to
determine their interactive effects31. A researcher is interested
in the effects of a preschool program on later school performance.
Because she is concerned that Socio-Economic-Status(SES) is a
potential extraneous variable in her study, she picks children to
study who are only from low SES homes. The control technique she
used in this study was -------a. Matchingb. Random assignmentc.
Holding the extraneous variable constantd. Statistically
controlling the extraneous variable32. The directors of a graduate
program in educational research wish to see what types of jobs
their graduates take after they finish their program. They randomly
sample students from the program and have them fill out
questionnaires with items asking about the types of jobs they have
had. They also are asked to describe the roles they play in their
current positions. This project is best described as having what
kind of objective-----------a. Descriptiveb. Predictivec.
Explanatoryd. None of the above33. The variable the researcher
matches to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is called a
------------- variable.a. Matchingb. Independentc. Dependentd.
Partial34. Which of the following is not a longitudinal design?a.
Panelb. Cross-Sectionalc. Trendd. Both a and c are longitudinal
designs35. In qualitative research, differences among types of
purposive sample have to do with----------a. Representativenessb.
Timing during the studyc. Individual variabilityd. All of the
above36. Data analysis in qualitative research, as contrasted with
quantitative research is generallya. Theoretical rather than
appliedb. Applied rather than theoreticalc. Deductive rather than
inductived. Inductive rather than deductive37. Qualitative
researchers view changes in procedures during a study as
---------------a. A weaknessb. Frustratingc. A good thingd. To be
avoided38. Conclusions from qualitative research are --------a.
Less certain than from quantitative researchb. Of little practical
usec. Seldom defensibled. Of descriptive value only 39. The
validity poses a problem for qualitative research
because-------------a. Because the measurement of validity implies
that there is something fixed which can be measured b. Because the
validity of interviews cannot be measuredc. Because the validity is
only an issue in quantitative researchd. Because there isnt any
quantitative data on which to assess validity40. The weakness of
quantitative research is ---------a. Provides precise, numerical
datab. The researchers categories that are used might not reflect
local constituencies understandingsc. Testing hypotheses that are
constructed before the data are collectedd. Can study a large
number of people.41.A study in which quantitative and qualitative
data are collected at the same time is a -----------a. Concurrent
mixed method designb. Mixed method designc. Sequential mixed method
designd. Cross-sectional mixed method design42. The starting point
for a literature search is ----a. Tertiary data b. Primary datac.
Secondary datad. Some other data43. The researcher is usually
interested in supporting ------when he or she is engaging in
hypothesis testinga. The alternative hypothesisb. The null
hypothesisc. Both the alternative and null hypothesisd. Neither the
alternative or null hypothesis44. The cutoff the researcher uses to
decide whether to reject the null hypothesis is called the -----a.
Significance levelb. Alpha levelc. Probability valued. Both a and b
are correct45. Of type I and II error , one which traditionally
regarded as more serious is ------a. Type Ib. Type IIc. They are
equally seriousd. Neither is serious46. Smaller p-values indicate
more evidence in support of ------a. The null hypothesis b. The
alternative hypothesis c. The quality of the researcher d. Further
testing47.A null hypothesis can only be rejected at the 5%
significance level if and only if ------a. A 95% confidence
interval includes the hypothesized value of the parameterb. A 95%
confidence interval does not include the hypothesized value of the
parameter c. The null hypothesis is void d. The null hypotheses
includes sampling error48.A developmental research design that
examines age differences at only one point in time is called the
------ methoda. Cross-sectionalb. Longitudinal c.Single-case d.
Sequential49. ----------- is used to achieve equivalence between
the groups of participants.a. Random assignmentb.Random selection
c. Probability sampling d. Simple random sampling50. By using the
experimental method, extraneous variables are kept constant either
though --------or through ---------------.a. Confounding
randomization; blind experimentersb. Experimental control;
randomization c. Random sampling; random assignment d. The
independent variable; the dependent variable
