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Wine Australia Australian Wine providing insights for Export Report: Bottled wine MAT March 2016 McLaren Vale

McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

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Page 1: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Wine Australia

Australian Wine

providing insights for Export Report:

Bottled wine MAT March 2016

McLaren Vale

Page 2: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Important reading

• This report provides an overview of bottled wine exports where there is a GI claim on the label. It does not provide a full picture of all wine that has been produced and exported from a specific region.

• This report is for bottled wine only and wine exported in bulk containers is not included.

• This report is updated quarterly. • All data, unless specifically stated, is for the moving annual total (MAT), in

other words, for the 12 months to the month ending that stated on the front cover. All growth rates are for the annual change to the same period.

• All data presented is for wines where the report’s region is the primary GI named on the label. For example, one bottle of Yarra Valley/King Valley blend will contribute 750ml towards the Yarra Valley report but will be excluded from the King Valley report.

• When the wine is not regionally identified, data is not included in this report. For example, if the same Yarra Valley/King Valley wine has no GI claim on the bottle it will be included in a report ‘no label claim’.

Disclaimer: While Wine Australia makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and currency of information within this report, we accept no responsibility for information, which may later prove to be misrepresented or inaccurate, or reliance placed on that information by readers.

Provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 apply to the contents of this publication, all other right reserved. For further copyright authorisation please see www.wineaustralia.com

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Page 3: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Contents

Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5 Bottled exports by price point and destination – volume p6 Bottled exports by colour/wine style – volume p7 Bottled exports by colour/wine style – value p8 Bottled exports by colour/wine style – average value p9 Bottled exports by top 15 destinations – volume p10 Bottled exports by top 15 destinations – value p11 Bottled exports by top 15 destinations – average value p12 Total bottled exports by price point – volume p13 Red bottled exports by price point – volume p14 White bottled exports by price point – volume p15 Bottled wine exports to no. 1 destination p16 Bottled wine exports to no. 2 destination p17 Bottled wine exports to no. 3 destination p18 Bottled wine exports to no. 4 destination p19 Bottled wine exports to no. 5 destination p20

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Page 4: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

GI claims over time

'000 litres Change '000 AUD ChangeAUD per

litre ChangeMAT March 2008 7,905 0% $84,818 1% $10.73 1%MAT March 2009 6,234 -21% $67,952 -20% $10.90 2%MAT March 2010 6,496 4% $59,006 -13% $9.08 -17%MAT March 2011 6,733 4% $63,206 7% $9.39 3%MAT March 2012 7,023 4% $63,928 1% $9.10 -3%MAT March 2013 6,269 -11% $62,694 -2% $10.00 10%MAT March 2014 6,489 4% $68,193 9% $10.51 5%MAT March 2015 5,645 -13% $58,104 -15% $10.29 -2%MAT March 2016 6,122 8% $65,356 12% $10.68 4%

Volume Value Average Value

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GI claims by country 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Canada 830 1,017 882 845 1,003 1,034 973 928 921 905 China, Pr 191 246 350 496 731 1,158 1,522 1,628 1,109 1,667 Denmark 134 168 151 144 113 116 86 121 172 117 Germany, Federal Republic 153 163 113 75 127 122 105 69 59 106 Hong Kong 117 115 178 153 236 192 218 296 242 222 Japan 118 103 91 94 104 90 97 88 93 94 Korea, R 44 57 51 25 36 51 45 44 77 54 Netherlands 54 111 131 95 73 50 39 27 47 79 New Zealand 399 340 278 241 196 240 192 199 259 319 Russia 61 55 64 47 93 74 88 87 37 69 Singapore 218 215 134 141 153 165 119 82 112 88 Sweden 23 98 96 177 209 157 158 241 226 207 Switzerland 65 83 53 54 50 43 49 43 41 10 United Kingdom 1,651 1,489 1,286 1,216 1,465 1,395 815 615 699 754 United States Of America 3,473 3,201 1,966 2,372 1,695 1,676 1,456 1,501 1,096 1,011

Canada 9,307 11,281 10,054 8,966 10,808 10,378 9,828 9,120 9,576 9,650 China, Pr 1,763 2,153 3,588 4,572 7,294 12,754 16,069 17,956 12,467 18,249 Denmark 1,535 1,886 1,814 1,402 1,201 1,173 904 1,159 1,831 1,349 Germany, Federal Republic 2,069 1,687 1,290 805 1,350 1,257 1,086 884 689 1,124 Hong Kong 1,348 1,503 2,083 2,060 2,812 2,403 2,593 3,547 3,132 3,040 Japan 1,254 1,111 980 957 1,028 999 1,044 871 1,082 1,072 Korea, R 596 697 638 349 485 474 591 738 914 844 Netherlands 641 1,150 1,169 700 526 373 324 215 457 528 New Zealand 2,992 2,794 2,163 1,750 1,348 1,685 1,604 1,595 2,017 2,497 Russia 636 634 657 514 923 754 816 800 402 673 Singapore 2,476 3,286 2,030 1,899 1,748 2,020 1,671 1,005 1,415 1,173 Sweden 254 1,051 958 1,708 1,811 1,268 1,306 1,915 1,798 1,755 Switzerland 817 1,084 663 692 614 588 632 501 544 174 United Kingdom 14,107 13,790 11,552 9,550 10,681 9,111 5,972 4,947 5,882 6,495 United States Of America 40,060 35,915 23,858 19,820 16,054 14,411 14,912 18,182 11,390 12,217

MAT March

Volume ('000 litres)

Value ('000 AUD)

5

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Bottled exports by price point and destination

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

('000 litres) (%)

China, Pr 5.9 na 201.8 24% 345.0 64% 446.7 118% 506.1 18% 161.9 56% 1,667.5 50%Singapore - -100% - -100% 9.9 -46% 14.7 -37% 50.7 -14% 12.7 12% 88.0 -21%United Kingdom 0.1 -77% 110.4 -17% 268.9 18% 190.9 -1% 160.9 35% 23.2 -3% 754.4 8%United States Of America 0.9 na 27.1 761% 410.2 -7% 217.9 -31% 232.0 -6% 122.7 41% 1,010.8 -8%Hong Kong 0.0 na 4.9 335% 34.9 41% 61.0 -29% 91.6 -6% 30.1 -10% 222.5 -8%Canada - -100% 10.7 -56% 151.8 -27% 370.7 22% 349.8 -4% 22.2 8% 905.1 -2%New Zealand 0.5 na 25.9 113% 179.0 5% 56.0 45% 51.2 53% 6.7 44% 319.3 23%Netherlands 0.5 188% 18.0 na 39.9 44% 11.4 57% 8.6 3% 0.7 -80% 79.1 69%Denmark - na - -100% 27.6 -52% 36.4 -22% 41.2 -17% 11.9 2% 117.1 -32%Germany, Federal Republ - na 9.2 na 17.9 50% 47.1 105% 24.3 38% 7.1 18% 105.6 80%Japan - na 0.6 na 21.8 31% 32.5 -22% 30.3 24% 9.0 -16% 94.1 1%Korea, R - na - na 4.8 -84% 8.1 65% 30.4 -20% 10.4 108% 53.8 -30%Malaysia - -100% - na 14.5 131% 19.7 40% 30.1 16% 7.1 24% 71.4 37%Russia - na - na 29.1 72% 9.6 167% 28.2 119% 1.9 -51% 68.8 85%Sweden - na - na 57.2 -37% 140.4 7% 8.4 131% 1.0 -7% 207.0 -8%Other 0.4 -81% 28.8 94% 80.3 -49% 96.8 -21% 126.8 5% 24.6 -9% 357.6 -19%Total 8.3 168% 437.4 22% 1,692.8 -1% 1,760.1 13% 1,770.4 7% 453.3 26% 6,122.1 8%

Total$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

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Bottled exports by colour/wine style

Volume (‘000 litres) Change in volume

Red, 5,709 , 93%

White, 344 , 6%

Sparkling, 66 , 1%

Carbonated, 0 , 0%

Fortifieds, 2 , 0% Red White Sparkling Carbonated Fortifieds

Volume change 632 -188 33 0 1%change 12% -35% 99% 0% 27%

-300

-200

-100

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Volume change ('000s)

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Page 8: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by colour/wine style

Value (‘000 AUD) Change in value

Red, $61,923 , 95%

White, $2,562 , 4%

Sparkling, $823 , 1%

Carbonated, $1 , 0%Fortifieds, $47 , 0%

Red White Sparkling Carbonated Fortifieds

Value change $7,903 -$1,038 $407 $1 -$22%change 15% -29% 98% 0% -32%

-$2,000

-$1,000

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

Value change ($'000s )

8

Page 9: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by colour/wine style

Average value (AUD per litre) Change in average value

$0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00

Red

White

Sparkling

Carbonated

Fortifieds

Red White Sparkling Carbonated Fortifieds

Avrg. Val. change $0.21 $0.68 -$0.05 $10.89 -$17.07%change 2% 10% 0% 0% -47%

-$20.00

-$15.00

-$10.00

-$5.00

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

Average value change (AUD per litre)

9

Page 10: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by top 15 destinations Volume (‘000 litres)

- 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

China, Pr

United States Of America

Canada

United Kingdom

Hong Kong

New Zealand

Sweden

Denmark

Singapore

Germany, Federal Republic

Japan

Korea, R

Malaysia

Russia

Netherlands

Other

China,Pr

UnitedStates

OfAmerica

Canada UnitedKingdom

HongKong

NewZealand Sweden Denmar

kSingapor

e

Germany,

FederalRepublic

Japan Korea, R Malaysia Russia Netherlands Other

MAT March 2016 1,667 1,011 905 754 222 319 207 117 88 106 94 54 71 69 79 358MAT March 2015 1,109 1,096 921 699 242 259 226 172 112 59 93 77 52 37 47 443

MAT March 2016

MAT March 2015

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Page 11: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by top 15 destinations Value (‘000 AUD)

$- $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 $20,000

China, Pr

United States Of America

Canada

United Kingdom

Hong Kong

New Zealand

Sweden

Denmark

Singapore

Germany, Federal Republic

Japan

Korea, R

Malaysia

Russia

Netherlands

Other

China,Pr

UnitedStates

OfAmerica

Canada UnitedKingdom

HongKong

NewZealand Sweden Denmar

kSingapor

e

Germany,

FederalRepublic

Japan Korea, R Malaysia Russia Netherlands Other

MAT March 2016 $18,249 $12,217 $9,650 $6,495 $3,040 $2,497 $1,755 $1,349 $1,173 $1,124 $1,072 $844 $832 $673 $528 $3,858MAT March 2015 $12,467 $11,390 $9,576 $5,882 $3,132 $2,017 $1,798 $1,831 $1,415 $689 $1,082 $914 $618 $402 $457 $4,434

MAT March 2016

MAT March 2015

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Page 12: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by top 15 destinations Average Value (AUD per litre)

$- $2.00 $4.00 $6.00 $8.00 $10.00 $12.00 $14.00 $16.00 $18.00

China, Pr

United States Of America

Canada

United Kingdom

Hong Kong

New Zealand

Sweden

Denmark

Singapore

Germany, Federal Republic

Japan

Korea, R

Malaysia

Russia

Netherlands

Other

China,Pr

UnitedStates

OfAmerica

Canada UnitedKingdom

HongKong

NewZealand Sweden Denmar

kSingapor

e

Germany,

FederalRepublic

Japan Korea, R Malaysia Russia Netherlands Other

MAT March 2016 $10.94 $12.09 $10.66 $8.61 $13.66 $7.82 $8.48 $11.52 $13.33 $10.64 $11.39 $15.68 $11.65 $9.78 $6.67 $10.79MAT March 2015 $11.24 $10.39 $10.40 $8.42 $12.94 $7.78 $7.95 $10.66 $12.65 $11.77 $11.57 $11.81 $11.87 $10.78 $9.76 $10.01

MAT March 2016

MAT March 2015

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Page 13: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled exports by price point

Volume (‘000 litres) Change in volume

$2.49 andunder

$2.50 to$4.99

$5.00 to$7.49

$7.50 to$9.99

$10 to $19.99 Above $20

MAT March 2015 3 358 1,717 1,559 1,648 360

MAT March 2016 8 437 1,693 1,760 1,770 453

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Volume ('000s of litres)MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Vol change 5 79 -24 201 122 94

%change 168% 22% -1% 13% 7% 26%

-50

-

50

100

150

200

250

Volume change ('000s of litres)

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Page 14: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled red wine exports by price point

Volume (‘000 litres) Change in volume

14

$2.49 andunder

$2.50 to$4.99

$5.00 to$7.49

$7.50 to$9.99

$10 to $19.99 Above $20

MAT March 2015 3 251 1,482 1,406 1,582 352.97

MAT March 2016 8 391 1,560 1,605 1,697 448.23

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000Volume ('000s of litres)

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$2.49 andunder

$2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Vol change 5 140 78 199 115 95

%change 174% 56% 5% 14% 7% 27%

-

50

100

150

200

250

Volume change ('000s of litres)

Page 15: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

Bottled white wine exports by price point

Volume (‘000 litres) Change in volume

15

$2.49 andunder

$2.50 to$4.99

$5.00 to$7.49

$7.50 to$9.99

$10 to $19.99 Above $20

MAT March 2015 0 102 230 153 44 2.14

MAT March 2016 - 39 125 150 30 0.48

-

50

100

150

200

250Volume change ('000s of litres)

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Vol change -0 -64 -105 -3 -14 -2

%change -100% -62% -46% -2% -32% -78%

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

-Volume change ('000s of litres)

Page 16: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

16

Total wine by price point

Overview

Total volume and average value

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Volume ('000 litres)

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$10.20

$10.40

$10.60

$10.80

$11.00

$11.20

$11.40

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

MAT March 2013 MAT March 2014 MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

Average value (AUD per litre)

Volume (thousand litres)

VolumeAverage Value

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016 ChangeRed wine Volume (litres) 1,074,204 1,625,304 51%

Value (AUD) $12,148,325 $17,840,878 47%Average value $11.31 $10.98 -3%

White wine Volume (litres) 23,301 11,673 -50%Value (AUD) $168,514 $98,881 -41%Average value $7.23 $8.47 17%

Total wine Volume (litres) 1,109,220 1,667,451 50%Value (AUD) 12,466,611 18,248,729 46%Average value $11.24 $10.94 -3%

Bottled wine exports to China, Pr

Page 17: McLaren Vale · Contents . Bottled exports over time – volume, value & avg. value p4 . Bottled exports by destination over time – volume & value p5

17

Total wine by price point

Overview

Total volume and average value

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Volume ('000 litres) MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$9.00

$9.50

$10.00

$10.50

$11.00

$11.50

$12.00

$12.50

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

MAT March 2013 MAT March 2014 MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

Average value (AUD per litre)

Volume (thousand litres)

VolumeAverage Value

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016 ChangeRed wine Volume (litres) 996,840 916,461 -8%

Value (AUD) $10,522,907 $11,305,634 7%Average value $10.56 $12.34 17%

White wine Volume (litres) 89,060 70,596 -21%Value (AUD) $757,070 $568,652 -25%Average value $8.50 $8.06 -5%

Total wine Volume (litres) 1,095,818 1,010,786 -8%Value (AUD) $11,390,087 $12,217,249 7%Average value $10.39 $12.09 16%

Bottled wine exports to United States Of America

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18

White wine by price point

Total wine by price point

Overview

Total volume and average value

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Volume ('000 litres) MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$9.40

$9.60

$9.80

$10.00

$10.20

$10.40

$10.60

$10.80

860

880

900

920

940

960

980

MAT March 2013 MAT March 2014 MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

Average value (AUD per litre)

Volume (thousand litres)

VolumeAverage Value

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016 ChangeRed wine Volume (litres) 865,565 865,713 0%

Value (AUD) $9,149,172 $9,324,718 2%Average value $10.57 $10.77 2%

White wine Volume (litres) 55,058 39,149 -29%Value (AUD) $423,160 $322,489 -24%Average value $7.69 $8.24 7%

Total wine Volume (litres) 920,901 905,078 -2%Value (AUD) $9,576,075 $9,650,165 1%Average value $10.40 $10.66 3%

Bottled wine exports to Canada

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19

Total wine by price point

Overview

Total volume and average value

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Volume ('000 litres) MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$-

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

$10.00

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

MAT March 2013 MAT March 2014 MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

Average value (AUD per litre)

Volume (thousand litres)

VolumeAverage Value

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016 ChangeRed wine Volume (litres) 561,834 686,528 22%

Value (AUD) $5,142,161 $6,046,995 18%Average value $9 $9 -4%

White wine Volume (litres) 133,598 65,666 -51%Value (AUD) $695,637 $412,136 -41%Average value $5.21 $6.28 21%

Total wine Volume (litres) 698,834 754,440 8%Value (AUD) $5,882,059 $6,495,167 10%Average value $8.42 $8.61 2%

Bottled wine exports to United Kingdom

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20

Total wine by price point

Overview

Total volume and average value

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

$2.49 and under $2.50 to $4.99 $5.00 to $7.49 $7.50 to $9.99 $10 to $19.99 Above $20

Volume ('000 litres)MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

$11.00

$11.50

$12.00

$12.50

$13.00

$13.50

$14.00

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

MAT March 2013 MAT March 2014 MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016

Average value (AUD per litre)

Volume (thousand litres)

VolumeAverage Value

MAT March 2015 MAT March 2016 ChangeRed wine Volume (litres) 231,926 204,677 -12%

Value (AUD) $3,035,266 $2,895,504 -5%Average value $13.09 $14.15 8%

White wine Volume (litres) 8,594 16,983 98%Value (AUD) $76,995 $127,706 66%Average value $8.96 $7.52 -16%

Total wine Volume (litres) 242,050 222,461 -8%Value (AUD) $3,132,251 $3,039,636 -3%Average value $12.94 $13.66 6%

Bottled wine exports to Hong Kong

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Notes & Definitions

Export approvals: Wine approved by Wine Australia for export on specified dates. Exports reported in this document refer to the date wine is shipped and not the date of approval. Note that the AUD FOB value of wine reported in this document may differ from export values reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The divergence between the two values derives from differences between Wine Australia and the ABS in the method of converting the value of exports denominated in foreign currency to AUD. In the case of the Australia, the exporter makes the conversion when submitting wine for export approval while the ABS converts the value on the day of shipment, at the daily conversion rate. With the Wine Australia method, it is expected that some of the conversions will occur at hedged rates while this does not occur with the ABS method. When the Australian exchange rate is moving significantly the alternative methods will result in diverging valuations. Volumes reported by Wine Australia and the ABS differ only marginally due to the ‘approval’ versus ‘shipment’ basis of reporting as well as marginal differences in scope and definition.

MAT: Moving annual total - refers to the twelve months to the end of the nominated month.

% Change : Is calculated as the percentage change in the MAT for the immediate past 12 months compared to the preceding 12 months.

Formula: % Change = ((current MAT - preceding MAT)/preceding MAT) x 100

AUD: Australian dollars

FOB: ‘Free on board' value of the wine, where the point of valuation is where goods are placed on board the international carrier, at the border of the exporting country. The FOB value includes production and other costs up until placement on the international carrier but excludes international insurance and transport costs.

Country: In most instances, this indicates where the wine is consumed. In some instances, it may be the country at which the wine is off-loaded for bottling and/or trans-shipment to the country of final consumption.

GI: Geographical indications identify wines as originating in a region or locality.

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Notes & Definitions (continued) Still wine: Still wine in bottles, casks, flagons or bulk containers.

Bulk: Wine shipped for repackaging elsewhere. This may involve containers with a capacity of 20 litres or more but will most often mean large shipping containers ranging in size between 10 000 and 24 000 litres.

Cask or soft packs: Plastic containers within cardboard outers usually carrying between 2 and 20 litres.

Flagons: Glass containers holding 2 litres or more.

Bottles: Glass containers holding less than 2 litres.

Alternative packaging: Includes: Flagon, Tetra-pak, PET and Aluminium

Red wine: Amounts reported may or may not include both dry red wine and rose

White wine: Amounts reported may or may not include both dry and sweet white wine

Fermented sparkling: Sparkling wine in which the effervescence is produced naturally through secondary fermentation in the bottle.

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