MCA Visual C++

8/8/2019 MCA Visual C++

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Q.1(A)

Introduction

Here you can fnd the list with the standard set o onts common to allversions o Windows and their Mac substitutes, reerred sometimes as"browser sae onts". This is the reerence I use when making web ages

and I e!ect you will fnd it useul too.

I you are new to web design, maybe you are thinking "Why I have to limitto that small set o onts# I have a large collection o nice onts in mycomuter". Well, as seasoned web designers already know, browsers canuse only the onts installed in each comuter, so it means that everyvisitor o your web age needs to have all the onts you want to useinstalled in his$her comuter. % course, di&erent eole will have di&erentonts installed, and thus come the need o a standard set o onts.'ortunately, ()) allows set several values or the ont*amily roerty,

which eases the task a bit.

I you want to know how the onts are dislayed in other %)+s or browsersthan yours, ater the table you can fnd several screen shots o this age indi&erent systems and browsers. lso, you can take a look to the list o thedeault onts included with each version o Windows.

The list

'irst, a ew introductory notes

• The names in grey are the generic amily o each ont.

• In some cases the Mac e-uivalent is the same ont, since Mac %) also includes some o the onts shied with Windows.

• The notes at the bottom contains secifc inormation about some othe onts.

Windows fonts / Mac fonts / Font family

Normal style Bold style

rial, rial, Helvetica, sans-serif Arial Arial !el"etica sans-serif

rial /lack, rial /lack,0adget, sans-serif

Arial Blac# Arial Blac#$ad%et sans-serif

(omic )ans M), (omic )ansM)1, cursive

&omic 'ans M' &omic 'ansM' cursive

(ourier 2ew, (ourier &ourier New &ourier

http://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_font_font-family.asphttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/WindowsMacFonts.html#captureshttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/windows-fonts-by-version.htmlhttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/windows-fonts-by-version.htmlhttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/WindowsMacFonts.html#captureshttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/windows-fonts-by-version.htmlhttp://www.ampsoft.net/webdesign-l/windows-fonts-by-version.htmlhttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_font_font-family.asp


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2ew, monospace New monospace

0eorgia3, 0eorgia, serif $eor%ia1 $eor%ia serif

Imact, Imact1,(harcoal4, sans-serif

Imact Imact&harcoal* sans-serif

5ucida(onsole, Monaco1, monospace

+ucida

&onsole Monaco monospace

5ucida )ans 6nicode, 5ucida0rande, sans-serif

+ucida 'ans ,nicode +ucida$rande sans-serif

7alatino 5inotye, /ooknti-ua8, 7alatino, serif

-alatino +inotye Boo#Antiua -alatino serif

Tahoma, 0eneva, sans-serif Tahoma $ene"a sans-serif

Times 2ew 9oman, Times 2ew9oman, Times, serif Times New 0oman TimesNew 0oman Times serif

Trebuchet M)3, TrebuchetM), sans-serif

Treuchet M'1 TreuchetM' sans-serif

:erdana, :erdana,0eneva, sans-serif

2erdana 2erdana$ene"a sans-serif

)ymbol, )ymbol ;)ymbol


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The bout dialog bo! in :isual /asic is modal. ?ialog bo!es that dislayimortant messages should always be modal C that is, the user shouldalways be re-uired to close the dialog bo! or resond to its message beoreroceeding.

Modeless dialog bo!es let you shit the ocus between the dialog bo! andanother orm without having to close the dialog bo!. Aou can continue to

work elsewhere in the current alication while the dialog bo! is dislayed.Modeless dialog bo!es are rare. 'rom the Ddit menu, the 'ind dialog bo! in:isual /asic is an e!amle o a modeless dialog bo!. 6se modeless dialogbo!es to dislay re-uently used commands or inormation.

To dislay a form as a modal dialo% o8

• 6se the )how method with a style argument o vbModal ;a constant orthe value 3=.

'or e!amle

+ ?islay rmbout as a modal dialog.rmbout.)how vbModal

To dislay a form as a modeless dialo% o8

• 6se the )how method without a style argument.

'or e!amle

+ ?islay rmbout as a modeless dialog.rmbout.)how

Note I a orm is dislayed as modal, the code ollowing the )how methodis not e!ecuted until the dialog bo! is closed. However, when a orm isshown as modeless, the code ollowing the )how method is e!ecutedimmediately ater the orm is dislayed.

The )how method has another otional argument, owner , that can be usedto seciy a arent*child relationshi or a orm. Aou can ass the name o aorm to this argument to make that orm the owner o the new orm.

To dislay a form as a child of another form

• 6se the )how method with both style and owner arguments.

'or e!amle


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+ ?islay rmbout as a modeless child o rmMain.rmbout.)how vbModeless, rmMain

6sing the owner argument with the )how method ensures that the dialogbo! will be minimiEed when itFs arent is minimiEed, or unloaded should thearent orm be closed.

Q. (a)

'ile and ?atabase (lasses

These classes allow you to store inormation to a database or a disk fle. There are three sets o database classes C %5D ?/, %?/(, and ?% C thatrovide similar unctionality. The %5D ?/ grou is imlemented using %5D

?/ and works with the %5D ?/ consumer temlates, the ?% grou isimlemented using the ?ata ccess %bGect, and the %?/( grou isimlemented using %en ?atabase (onnectivity. There are also a set oclasses or maniulating standard fles, ctive streams, and HTM5 streams.

The ollowing categories o classes suort data ersistence.

• 'ile I$% (lasses

• %5D ?/ (lasses

• ?% (lasses

• %?/( (lasses

9ile I/: &lasses

These classes rovide an interace to traditional disk fles, in*memory fles,

ctive streams, and Windows sockets. ll o the classes derivedrom &9ile can be used with a &Archi"e obGect to erorm serialiEation.6se the ollowing classes, articularly &Archi"e and &9ile, i you write yourown inut$outut rocessing. 2ormally you do not need to derive rom theseclasses. I you use the alication ramework, the deault imlementationso the :en and 'a"e commands on the 9ilemenu will handle fle I$%;using class &Archi"e=, as long as you override yourdocument+s 'eriali;e unction to suly details about how a document

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serialiEes its contents. 'or more inormation about the fle classes andserialiEation, see the article 'iles in M'( and the article)erialiEation.

:+< 5B &lasses

The %5D ?/ suort in M'( currently consists o the

class (%5D?/9ecord:iew. &:le5B0ecord2iew dislays databaserecords in controls, through a orm view directly connected toa (9owset obGect. 'or more inormation about the %5D ?/ consumertemlates, see 5ist o %5D ?/ (onsumer Temlates.

5A: &lasses

These classes work with the other alication ramework classes to giveeasy access to ?ata ccess %bGect ;?%= databases, which use the samedatabase engine as Microsot :isual /asic and Microsot ccess. The ?%classes can also access a wide variety o databases or which %en?atabase (onnectivity ;%?/(= drivers are available.7rograms that use ?% databases will have at leasta &5ao5ataase obGect and a &5ao0ecordset obGect.

:5B& &lasses

These classes work with the other alication ramework classes to giveeasy access to a wide variety o databases or which %en ?atabase(onnectivity ;%?/(= drivers are available.7rograms that use %?/( databases will have at least a &5ataase obGectand a &0ecordset obGect.

Q.6(a)

"isual c== 'tatus ar e8amle

3* Make single document M'( alication and deselect rinting and

rintview otions


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#- !elace the reviously created indicators array with single I?)D79T%9

and make sure that the (Main'rame data member m_wndStatusar is

ublic instead o rotected so that it can be accessed rom the :iew class .

1* 9elace i ;Jmwnd)tatus/ar.(reate;this= with this W'>&!I+5 ?

W'>2I'IB+< ? &B0'>B:TT:MI?TIMD)TT6)/9= K

4* dd the ollowing code to ur (Main'rame.c

void (Main'rame%n:iew)tatus/ar;=Lm>wnd'tatusBar.'howWindow((m>wnd'tatusBar.$et'tyle() @W'>2I'IB+wnd'tatusBar.$et'tyle() @ W'>2I'IB+


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p&arentWnd

7oints to the arent window obGect ;o tye (Wnd= to which the dialogobGect belongs. I it is N,++, the dialog obGect+s arent window is set tothe main alication window.

nIDTemplate

(ontains the I? number o a dialog*bo! temlate resource.

9eturn :alue

/oth orms return nonEero i dialog*bo! creation and initialiEation weresuccessulK otherwise .

9emarks

Aou can ut the call to &reate inside the constructor or call it ater theconstructor is invoked.

Two orms o the &reate member unction are rovided or access to thedialog*bo! temlate resource by either temlate name or temlate I?number ;or e!amle, I???I5%03=.

'or either orm, ass a ointer to the arent window obGect.I p&arentWnd is N,++, the dialog bo! will be created with its arent orowner window set to the main alication window.

The &reate member unction returns immediately ater it creates the dialogbo!.

6se the W'>2I'IB+


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$$m)imle?ialog initialiEed to 2655 in the constructor o (My?ialogclass m)imle?lg O new ()imle?lg;=K $$(heck i new succeeded and we got a valid ointer to a dialog obGect

i ;m)imle?lg JO 2655= L /%%5 ret O m)imle?lg*Q(reate;I??)IM75D?I5%0, this=K

i ;Jret= $$(reate ailed. !Message/o!;T;"Drror creating ?ialog"==K

m)imle?lg*Q)howWindow;)W)H%W=K else L !Message/o!;T;"Drror (reating ?ialog %bGect"==K

Q.* (A)

'-IN &:NT0:+

sin button is a control e-uied with two buttons and each

button dislays an arrow. The sin button allows the user tonavigate through a range o value using the arrow buttons toincrease or decrease the value held by the control.

To create a sin button, you can use the )in button rom the (ontrolstoolbo!. lternatively, :isual (PP rovides the Microsot 6?own (ontrolas an ctive control.

3. 6se WiEard to create a ?ialog based a. (all it D!o)in


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10/28

Launch your Visual C++, click the File menu and click the New… sub menu. Click the Projects tab

for the AppWizard as shown below. Select the MFC AppWizard (exe), type your proect name and

set the proect location as needed. Lea!e other settin" as default and click the OK button.

#i"ure $%& AppWizard dialo".

'he wizard has ( steps and you can e)it at any step. Select the Single doc!ent radio button anduncheck the "oc!ent#$iew arc%itectre spport then click Next button.


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#i"ure *& Visual C++ AppWizard step $ of (.

Select the None radio button for database support. Click the Next button. We are "oin" to create the

simplest proect.

#i"ure *$& Visual C++ AppWizard step * of (.


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ncheck the Acti&e' Controls. -ust to make our code simpler.

#i"ure **& Visual C++ AppWizard step of (.

Accept the defaults and click the Next button.


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#i"ure *& Visual C++ AppWizard step / of (.

Accept the defaults and click Next button.

#i"ure */& Visual C++ AppWizard step 0 of (.

'he followin" are the classes that will be "enerated 1also the related files created2 for our proect.Click theNext button.


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#i"ure *0& Visual C++ AppWizard step ( of (.

#inally the summary of the proect settin"s. Click the OK button.

Q. ()

•

5eJnition of 'tructured -ro%rammin%

)tructured rogramming can be defned as a )otware

alication rogramming techni-ue that ollows a to down design

aroach with block oriented structures. This style o rogramming is

characteriEed by the rogrammers tendency to divide his rogram source

code into logically structured blocks which would normally consist o

conditional statements, loos and logic blocks. This style o rogramming

has the imlementation o the source code being rocessed in the order in

which bits o the code have been tyed in.


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Structured Programming can save time and energy when writing simple programs that

implement classes or complex functions as would be the case in object-oriented programming.

In most cases straightforward pieces of code would get the job done. Structured programming is

ideal for development of small programs as it would beat the purpose spending a lot of time and

energy designing classes when an entire working program could be developed within the same

time period.

This will also hold true in that small programs are easy to maintain and most fit within a single

page or so, making more sense for the eb developer to visuali!e the program code. It therefore

make structured programming well suited for small to medium website which would probably

not re"uire much maintenance.

Structured programs are easy to read and understand as you would simply need to follow the

source code as it is written on the file as you would be guaranteed that there are no jumps or

deviations to other pieces of code in other files. This however does not mean such a program

would necessarily be easier to maintain# that brings me to the reason why object-oriented

programming would be suited in other situations.

• 5eJnition of :KectD:riented -ro%rammin%

%bGect*oriented rogramming can be defned in simlest

terms as sotware alication rogramming where there is an interaction

between sel*contained mini*rograms or obGects within the main rogram.

In other terms, obGect*oriented rogramming can be known as the rocess

o using several classes to reresent di&erent areas o unctionality or data

obGects within your sotware alication. These data obGects have data felds

and unctions that act on the data felds. The hold three main characteristics

which are encasulation, inheritance, and olymorhism. D!amles o

obGects would include windows, menus, te!t inuts, icons, etc. There must

be rocedures to maniulate them.

Object-oriented programming takes pride in its suitability for sustaining huge software and

web development projects. This is a far better option than using structured programming when

you have massive code bases. The sheer nature of object-oriented programs allows the

developer to save a lot of time and energy when developing programs as the components of the

programs are in the form of objects which can be plugged into the program wherever they are


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needed. So having an application with several hundred buttons implemented as objects would

be pretty easy to maintain, for example, if the developer wanted to change the style or behavior

of all the buttons, it would simply entail changing a single object which defines everything

about the button and this would change every instance of the button object.

Dven though obGect*oriented rogramming is suitable or large roGect and

long term maintenance o sotware o web roGects, this method o

rogramming oses its own disadvantages as obGect*oriented rogramming

tends to be more comle! than structured rogramming as there is a lot as

ar as design the decisions that need to be made and conse-uently the

entire task o managing the roGect may be a bit diRcult to the

ine!erienced web develoer.

Q.L (a)

STUDENT MARKSHEET

#include

#include

#include

class stud

{

int rno,m1,m2,m3,tot

c!ar name"2$

%loat a&'


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(u)lic*

&oid 'etdata+

{

cout--./n/nEnter t!e rno*.

cin00rno

cout--.Enter t!e name*.

cin00name

cout--.Enter t!e %irst mars*.

cin00m1

cout--.Enter t!e second mar*.

cin00m2

cout--.Enter t!e t!ird mar*.

cin00m3

&oid caldata+

{

totm14m24m3

a&'tot53

&oid (utdata+

{

cout--./n.--rno-- ./t.. ...

cout--name--./t/t.

cout--m1--./t.

cout--m2--./t.

cout--m3--./t.

cout--tot--./t.

cout-i%+a&'06

cout--./t A.

else i%+a&'0788a&'-9:

cout--./t ;.

else i%+a&'0


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cout--./t ?A@.

&oid main+

{

int i,n

stud s"2$

clrscr+

cout--./n/t/t/t STUDENT MARKSHEET.

cout--./n/t/t/t BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.

cout--./n ENTER THE NUM;ER C? STUDENTS*.

cin00n

%or+ii

{

s"i$'etdata+

s"i$caldata+

cout--./n/nRNC.--./t.--.NAME.--./t/t.--.M1.--./t.--.M2.--./t.--.M3.--./t.--.TCT.--./t.--.AF.--./t.--.FRADE.--./n.

cout--.GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG.

%or+ii

{

s"i$(utdata+

'etc!+

CUTUT*

STUDENT MARKSHEETBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

ENTER THE NUM;ER C? STUDENTS * 3

Enter t!e rno*1

Enter t!e name*!ussain


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Enter t!e %irst mars*6:

Enter t!e second mar*79

Enter t!e t!ird mar*=7

Enter t!e rno*2

Enter t!e name*umar

Enter t!e %irst mars*


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o the ramework called document$view architecture. %ther tyes oalications, such as dialog*based alications, orm*based alications,and ?55s, use only some o document$view architecture eatures.

?ocument$view alications contain one or more sets o documents, views,and rame windows. document*temlate obGect associates the classes oreach document$view$rame set.

lthough you do not have to use document$view architecture in your M'(alication, there are a number o advantages to doing so. The M'( %5Dcontainer and server suort is based on document$view architecture, as issuort or rinting and rint review.

ll M'( alications have at least two obGects an alication obGect derivedrom (Win, and some sort o main window obGect, derived ;otenindirectly= rom (Wnd. ;Most oten, the main window is derived

rom ('rameWnd, (M?I'rameWnd, or (?ialog, all o which are derivedrom &Wnd.=

lications that use document$view architecture contain additional obGects. The rincial obGects are

• n alication obGect derived rom class (Win, as mentionedbeore.

• %ne or more document class obGects derived rom class (?ocument.

?ocument class obGects are resonsible or the internal reresentationo the data maniulated in the view. They may be associated with adata fle.

• %ne or more view obGects derived rom class (:iew. Dach view is awindow that is attached to a document and associated with a ramewindow. :iews dislay and maniulate the data contained in adocument class obGect.

'ynchroni;ation &lasses

)ynchroniEing resource access between threads is a common roblem whenwriting multithreaded alications. Having two or more threadssimultaneously access the same data can lead to undesirable andunredictable results. 'or e!amle, one thread could be udating thecontents o a structure while another thread is reading the contents o thesame structure. It is unknown what data the reading thread will receive theold data, the newly written data, or ossibly a mi!ture o both. M'( rovidesa number o synchroniEation and synchroniEation access classes to aid in

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solving this roblem. This toic e!lains the classes available and how touse them to create thread*sae classes in a tyical multithreadedalication. tyical multithreaded alication has a class that reresents a resource tobe shared among threads. roerly designed, ully thread*sae class doesnot re-uire you to call any synchroniEation unctions. Dverything is handledinternally to the class, allowing you to concentrate on how to best use theclass, not about how it might get corruted. n e&ective techni-ue orcreating a ully thread*sae class is to merge the synchroniEation class intothe resource class. Merging the synchroniEation classes into the sharedclass is a straightorward rocess.s an e!amle, take an alication that maintains a linked list o accounts.

This alication allows u to three accounts to be e!amined in searatewindows, but only one can be udated at any articular time. When anaccount is udated, the udated data is sent over the network to a dataarchive.

This e!amle alication uses all three tyes o synchroniEation classes./ecause it allows u to three accounts to be e!amined at one time, ituses ()emahore to limit access to three view obGects. When an attemt toview a ourth account occurs, the alication either waits until one o thefrst three windows closes or it ails. When an account is udated, thealication uses ((ritical)ection to ensure that only one account is udatedat a time. ter the udate succeeds, it signals (Dvent, which releases athread waiting or the event to be signaled. This thread sends the new datato the data archive.

Q.11 (a)

'taticTe8t control

)taticTe!t is dislay te!t that the user can select but cannot modiy with the keyboard.

Aou can e!licitly modiy the )taticTe!t in a scrit.

-roerties

'taticTe8t

roerty 5atatye 5escrition

ccessible?escri

tion

)tring descrition o the control and$or its urose or

use by accessibility tools such as readers or

visually imaired users.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/78w43c88.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h5zew56b.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/efk30beh.aspxhttp://infocenter.sybase.com/archive/topic/com.sybase.dc37787_1150/html/objcont/CJAFFGFE.htmhttp://infocenter.sybase.com/archive/topic/com.sybase.dc37787_1150/html/objcont/CJAFFGFE.htmhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/78w43c88.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h5zew56b.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/efk30beh.aspxhttp://infocenter.sybase.com/archive/topic/com.sybase.dc37787_1150/html/objcont/CJAFFGFE.htmhttp://infocenter.sybase.com/archive/topic/com.sybase.dc37787_1150/html/objcont/CJAFFGFE.htm


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'taticTe8t


ccessible2ame )tring label that brieSy describes the control, such as

the te!t in a button or the name o a menu item.

ccessible9ole ccessible9ole

;enumerated=

?escribes what kind o user interace element the

control is.

lignment lignment

;enumerated=

)ecifes the te!t alignment in the control. :alues

are

• 5etJ

• (enterJ

• 9ightJ

/ack(olor 5ong )ecifes the numeric value o the background

color *< to 34,,


23/28

'taticTe8t


• )tyle/o!J

• )tyle5oweredJ

• )tyle9aisedJ

• )tyle)hadow/o!J

/ringToTo /oolean )ecifes whether 7ower/uilder moves the control

to the to o the ront*to*back order o the window.

:alues are

• T0,


24/28

'taticTe8t


?ragIcon )tring )ecifes the name o the stock icon or the fle

containing the icon you want to dislay when the

user drags the control ;the I() fle=. The deaulticon is a bo! the siEe o the control.

When the user drags the control, the icon dislays

when the control is over an area in which the

control can be droed ;a valid dro area=. When

the control is over an area that is not a valid dro

area, the 2o*?ro icon dislays.

Dnabled /oolean )ecifes whether the control is enabled ;can be

selected=. :alues are

• T0,


25/28

'taticTe8t


• :erticalJ

'?iagonalJ is lines going rom the lower*let to theuer*right. /?iagonalJ is lines going rom the

uer*let to the lower right.

'ocus9ectangle /oolean )ecifes whether a dotted rectangle ;ocus

rectangle= rames the control when it has ocus.

:alues are

•

T0,


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'taticTe8t


'ont7itch 'ont7itch

;enumerated=

)ecifes the itch ;sacing= o the ont used or

the te!t in the control. :alues are

• ?eaultJ

• 'i!edJ

• :ariableJ

Height Integer )ecifes the height o the rectangular bo! that

contains the control, in 7ower/uilder units.

Italic /oolean )ecifes whether the te!t in the control is italic.

:alues are

• T0,


27/28

'taticTe8t


window ; is the deault and means the user

cannot tab to the control=.

Tag )tring )ecifes the tag value assigned to the control.

Te!t )tring )ecifes the te!t that dislays in the control.

Te!t(olor 5ong )ecifes the numeric value o the te!t color in the

control *< to 34,,


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'taticTe8t


controlK or e!amle, @ or normal or or

bold.

Width Integer )ecifes the width o the rectangular bo! that

contains the control, in i!els.

Integer )ecifes the osition ;the distance rom the let

edge o the window=, in 7ower/uilder units.

A Integer )ecifes the A osition ;the distance rom the to

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MCA Visual C++