MBT-Presentation on Biotechnology 09 May 2012

7/28/2019 MBT-Presentation on Biotechnology 09 May 2012

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Biotechnology for

Human Welfare

Naiyyum Choudhury

Professor, BRAC University &

Secretary, BAS


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BIOTECHNOLOGY-DEFINITION!

What is Biotechnology?

Biotechnology may be defined as a set of modern tools

that utilize living organisms or parts of it cell or tissue or

genes/DNA to make or modify or improve plants or

animals or develop microorganisms for specific use and

their large scale production.

Industrial use of recombinant DNA

Trangenic plant development

Cell fusion

Novel bioprocess technologies and Bioremediation


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Traditional and New Biotechnology

Traditional Biotechnology

Biotechnology has been employed by

humans for millenia. Examples include

production of beer, cheese ans bread

New Biotechnology

Recent development in molecular biologyhave given biotechnology a new meaning,

new horizon and new potential through

use of recombinant DNA technology


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Gradients 0f Biotechnology

-TraditionalMicrobial Fermentation

Biological nitrogen fixation

Plant Tissue Culture

Embryo Transfer Technology

Monoclonal Antibody


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Modern Biotechnology

-cost rising!

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genetic Engineering of MicrobesGenetic Engineering of Plants

Genetic Engineering of Animals


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Milestones in Biotechnology

1950-1960- DNA Strucure unfolded

1960-1970- Plant Tissue Culture

Plant ProtoplastReverse transcriptase

1970-1980- Restriction Enzymes

Gene Cloning

Agrobacterium in Planttransformation

1980-1990- PCR Technology

GM Insulin

1990-2000- Dolly sheep, Animal Cloning, GM


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Transgenic Plants

More than 4000 plants have been

developed with GE methods with new

characteristics

Tolerant to freeze

Modification of ripening or softening

Shel life increase

Modification of sweetening of fruits


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Other Areas of application

Food ingredients

Starter culture

Peptide growth hormone

Nutritional quality improvement

Trasngennic animals

Heath And diagnostic products Recombinat dairy products

Hazardous waste treatment


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Food ingredients

Amino acids

Vitamins

Sweetening agents

Organic acids

Antimicrobial agents Flavouring agent i.e. MSG

Various enzymes


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Transgenic Animals

Transgenic animals for increased milk, meat

and pharmaceutical products


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Health and Diagnostics through GE

-Cancer imaging agents

-Recombinant dairy products

- Autoimmune therapeutics

- Diabetes therapy

- Growth/healing proteins


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Genetically Engineered Pharmaceuticals

Human insulin

Human growth hormone

Alpha interferon

Hepatitis B vaccine

Interleukin

AIDS treatment

GE bacteria for agriculture


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Agricultural

Feedstocks &Chemicals

Industrial

inorganic

chemicals

Fertilizers

Other

agricultural

chemicals

Medicinals

& botanicals

Pharma-ceutical

preparations

Diagnostic

substances

Biological

products

Drugs &

Pharmaceuticals

Medical

Devices &Equipment

Laboratory

apparatus &

furniture

Surgical,medical, dental,

& analytical

instruments &

equipment

X-ray &

electromedicalequipment

Hospitals &

Laboratories

General

medical &

surgical

hospitals

Psychiatric

hospitals

Specialty

hospitals

Medical &

dentallaboratories

Research

& Testing

Biological

research

Medical

research

Food &

seed testing

laboratories

Veterinary

testing

laboratories

Product-Oriented Service-Oriented

Source: Battelle Memorial Institute

Biotech Wheels


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The Bioscience Subsectors

AgriculturalFeedstock &

Chemicals

Drugs &Pharmaceuticals

Medical Devices &

Equipment Research & Testing

13%

37%

17%

33%

13% 17%

33%37%

Agricultural Feedstock & Chemicals

Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Medical Devices & Equipment

Research & Testing


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Agri-biotechnology and Healthcare

-GM Crops-GM Crop based Products


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Global GM crop scenario

Area coverage ~68 million hectare

Market value ~ US$ 5.0 billion

Major crops in commerce: soybean, maize,

cotton,canola, tomato, potato, rice

Major traits of interest: insect resistance, viral

resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought/salinity

tolerance, nutritional quality.

[estimated global bio-pharma market ~US$ 15 b]


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I t t Bi t h H lth


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Important Biotech Healthcare

products for molecular farming 1986: Human growth hormone in tobacco

1989: IgG in tobacco

1992: Hepatitis B surface antigen in tobacco

1992: Alpha amylase in tobacco

1995: IgA in tobacco 1997: Avidin in maize

2001: Vaccine in potato

2003: Functional antibody in algae 2005: Human anthrax antibodies in tobacco

It is estimated that by 2010 the market for this segment will

touch US$ 100 billion

C i l S h lth


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Commercial Scope: healthcare

Biotech products R-therapeutics & diagnostics: US$ 50b (2005);

US$ 200b (2015);

Phytomedicine, nutraceuticals & beauticeuticals:

US$ 30b (2005); US$ 60b (2015);

Dietetics food & enzymes: US$ 90b (2005); US$

250b (2015);

Bioinformatics & embeded systems: US$ 02b

(2005); US$ 06b (2015).


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Mass propagation industry: Major

problems EOU vs domestic market

High volume low value

High risk on quality control & quarantine aspect

Highly competitive

Secured market based on IP is not possible

Automated production for minimizing cost of

production needs huge capital investment


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GM Crops 2011

This is a historical landmark in that it is the

first time for more than 160 million hectares of

biotech crops to be grown in any one year. Inorder to appropriately account for the use of

two or three "stacked traits", that confer

multiple benefits in a single biotech variety, is

15% higher than the estimate of 160 millionhectares.


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Biotechnology and Developing

Countries

-Interseted but directly not involved in Modern

Biotechnology

-Have National policy on Biotechnology and

research programme; little in-country modernbiotechnology

-Have national policy, research programme

and international collaboration

-Have national policy, modern biotech researchprogramme; storng overseas linkage in public

and private sectors


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Biology is in a fundamental revolution asknowledge acquisition is exponential

Post genomic pharmaceutical (targeted drugs) arebased on

Human genome at the chromosomal level

Advent of computer power

Robotics New automated models

Nano technologies

Key Points


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Key Points

The biotechnology promise

Increase agricultural productivity

Increase pharmaceutical specificity Reduce hunger

Improve Healthcare

This technology will move therapeutic fromsymptomatic treatment to disease-modifying new medicine


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Key Points

Gene - environment interaction

Through knowledge of genomicsand proteomics targeted drugs (not

based on Symptoms) can be

created.


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Key Points

The activation of research groups in the

south promoted by major research

institute based in developed countries byproviding stable funding for these

groups. This approach could make

possible the development of new

therapeutic drugs and vaccines designed

specifically for LDCs related


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Key Points

Technology transfer which seems to

be a gateway to a new and promising

economic development in those

countries where a good level of

entrepreneurship is already able to

promote and produce innovations


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Key Points

Public awareness has to be promoted to

balance fears and opportunities. Each

country should be able to sort out thebenefits from the hazards of

biotechnology; recognizing ethical

concern and helping the public makemore informed choices. This could help

foster international cooperation in

biotechnology research


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Government initiatives for

Biotechnology in Bangladesh


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R&D Priorities for Biotechnology gineering in

Bangladesh

Agriculture sector

Health sector

Industry sector

Energy sector

Environment sector


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National Committee on Biotechnology Product

Development

I n September 1993, a National Committee on BiotechnologyProduct Development was formed and f inal ly the followingproducts were selected :

Rhizobial inoculants for use as biofertilizers

Yeasts as protein supplement of poultry feed

Tissue culture derived post exposure anti-rabies vaccine

Tissue culture based foot and mouth disease vaccine

Bamboo saplings by ex-vitro and in-vitro methods

Biogas technology for fuel, fertilizer and environmentalPollution control

Production of high quality potato seeds by using tissueculture


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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Concept initiated : 1984 NCST approval : 1993

Feasibility study : 1993

PCP approval : 1995

ECNEC approval : 1999

Project work initiated : July 2000

Estimated cost : 2768.24 Lakh Taka (Revised)

Project completed in 2008


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Located in Ganobari, Savarin the campus of Atomic

Energy Research Establishment

Total Floor space of the laboratories : 2250 sq. m.

Number of Laboratory : 6

Total number of scientists to work : 100 at the moment less

than 10 scientists


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Bangladesh has adopted the National BiotechnologyPolicy in July 2006 to accelerate multidimensional

biotechnological research for augmenting human welfare

in all respects such as food security, health and a sound

environment in particular.

The NIB is intended for the application of biotechnology-based technologies as per guidelines of National

Biotechnology Policy.

The tools of biotechnology are currently being applied

across the biological sciences to address problems inagricultural crop improvement, marine sciences and

aquaculture, environment, pharmacy, forensics and public

health.

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFBIOTECHNOLOGY


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THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFBIOTECHNOLOGY

National Institute of Biotechnology is situated at

Ganakbari beside Shreepur Kasampur road, at a total

area of 11.5 acre of land. NIB will act as a Nationalfocal point to co-ordinate biotechnological activities

in the country. The institute deserves its contribution

for upgrading the socioeconomic development of the

country through developing of high yielding varietiesof crops, generation of employment, poverty

alleviation, women empowerment, human resource

development and awareness creation about the

importance of application of biotechnology in

agriculture, environment, health and industrial

sectors.Research Divisions of NIB


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Research Divisions of National

Institute of BiotechnologyIB

1. Plant Biotechnology Division


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Plant Tissue Culture

Plant GeneticTransformation

Plant Breeding

DNA fingerprinting of plants

Marker aided selection of plants Management of crops pest and

pathogens

gy

Plant tissue culture for large-scale multiplication of

rare, endangered, flower and fruit plant. Development

of pathogen free, insect-pest and environment stressresistant plant through tissue culture and genetic

transformation. Molecular characterization of local

plant species


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2. Microbial biotechnology Division

Genetic improvement of industrialmicroorganisms

Production of enzymes, chemicals and

other biotech products of industrial

importance

Development of biotech pharmaceuticalproducts

Protein Engineering


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3. Animal Biotechnology Division

Characterization, selection, conservation and geneticimprovement of animal through modern

biotechnological methods

Production of biotech-derived therapeutics /

diagnostic kits, antibiotics and vaccines

>Improvement of feed quality through

biotechnological approaches

Preservation technique of animal products.

4. Fisheries Biotechnology Division


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Gene library construction of critically endangered,

endangered and vulnerable fishes of Bangladesh

Pure Gene line (Inbreeding) preparation for carp and

other fishes.

Development of improved strains of fish through

selective Breeding

Production of Sustainable variety (out breeding) ofCritically Endangered Fish

Production of transgenic fish through gene

manipulation

Selective production of Monosex fish populations (allmale or all female)

Storage of fish sperms and embryos by freezing

Characterization of fish using molecular markers

Production of Biotech improved fish feed

. s e es otec o ogy v s o


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Environmental Biotechnology Division

Development of biopesticides, biofertilizer and

bioremediation agents Development of appropriate waste management

programme

Evaluation of ecological impacts of transgenic organisms

Preservation, development and long term conservation of

bioresources

Alternative energy from renewable bioresources

Biofertilizer for different crops

Alternative energy from renewable bioresources

bio-remediation agents Bio-mineralization process

bio-indicators and bio-pesticides


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Molecular Biology Division

Vector preparation Cloning

Gene expression study

DNA fingerprinting and profiling cDNA library, genomic DNA library

and gene bank construction

Sequencing of genes and DNA ofinterest


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NIB will play a very important role in the filed

of biotechnological research for agricultural,

environmental, medical, food and industrial

development of the country.

The Institute is intended for the application of

biotechnology-based technologies as per

guidelines of National Biotechnology Policy. The tools of biotechnology are currently being

applied across the biological sciences to address

problems in agricultural crop improvement,

marine sciences and aquaculture, environment,

pharmacy, forensics and public health.


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NECB

National Executive Committee on

Biotechnology with Proncipal Secretary

to the Prime Minister as Chair 12 Members including two expert

members

Secretary, S&T is the member Secretary,NECB


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Ploicy Directions, Monitoring and

Implementation Mechanism

National Task Force on Biotechnology Developmentformed with Honble Prime Minister as the

Chairperson

State Minister for Science and Technology- Vice

Chairman

25 Members including Secretaries of relevant

mninistries, Chairman, BCSIR,BAEC and BARC

and one expert member on Biotechnology by name

Secretary, S&T is member Secretary of the NTBB


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National Technical Committee

NBT Policy 2006 NTC for Biodiversity

NTC for Biosafety

NTC for Crop Biotechnology

NTC for Livestock and Fisheries

NTC for Medical Biotechnology


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NTC as per National

Biotechnology Policy 2012 1. NTC Agricultural Biotechnology

2. NTC Animal Biotechnology

3. NTC on Fisheries Biotechnoology 4. NTC on Env. Biotechnology

5. NTC on Medical Biotechnology

6. NTC on Industrial Biotechnology 7. NTC on Human Resource Development

8. NTC on Biosafety


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Coordination and Management

Committee as per NBT Policy 2012

18 Member Coordination and

Management Committee with Secretary,S&T as Chair and

DG NIB as member Secretary

Experts from relevant disciplines andrepresentatives from relevant ministries

i i f S i


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Ministry of Science and

Information & Communication

Technology

Focal Ministry for coordinating activities of allthe National Technical Committees

Secretary, MOSICT is the Member Secretaryof the National Task Force and also the

National Executive Committee


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Conclusion

It is encouraging to note that Biotechnology hasbeen take as a thrust area like ICT by thepresent government.

The initiatives at the highest level of the Policymakers may result in some fruitfulbiotechnology work at all levels

Promotion of appropriate Biotechnology willplay a significant role in Poverty alleviation,Food security, improved health andenvironment and overall socioeconomicdevelopment of the country


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Draft National Biotechnology

2012 National Biotechnology Policy updated

and a draft National Biotechnology

Policy 2012 is in the process of approvalby the government.


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Strategic Roadmap

Strategic Roadmap to implement

National Biotechnology Policy has been

drafted containing strategic goals, policysupport, human development and

research and innovations in some selected

areas of biotechnology with short,medium and long term activities by the

relevant agencies


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Research and Innovation Plant biotechnology Animal biotechnology

Fisheres biotechnology

Medical biotechnology

Industrial biotechnology

Environmental biotechnology

Nano biotechnology

Bioinformatics and IT enabled

biotechnology


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Strategic Roadmap

In each of these areas action plans for short,

medium and long term implementation have

been developed with strategy actions like

regulatory measures

institutional capacity building and

strengthening and

Priority research programmes for the

implementing agencies


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Strategic Roadmap

Also includes biotech entrepreneurship

development, awareness creation

programme


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Recent initiatives by the NIBEstablishment of Gene Bank at the NIBCampus

To conserve existing plants, animals, fish and

microbial genetic resources To make available gentic resources and relevant

information to different organizations for

research and development purposes

Human resource development awarenesws

creation and formulate necessary guidelines for

conservation of genetic resources


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Biotechnology Incubator

Objective;

Establishment of internationally

acceptable GMO testing and certifyingcentre

Establishment of an analytical facilities

and providing necessary assistance forcommercialization of biotechnology

resarch


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NationalBiotechnology

Policy 2006 and

Draft NationalBiotech Policy

2012

.


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Time frame set for the draft

National Biotechnology Policy Formulation Committee formed on

May 17, 2004

First Meeting of the Committee held on May 22, 2004

Decisions: A Working Group formed to prepare a draft of the NBP

National Technical Committees will send respective Committeesinput to the Working Group by June 05, 2004

Working Group will submit the first draft by June 12, 2004

Next Meeting of the Committee will be held on June 19, 2004(today)

Second draft will be submitted by the Working Group on May 26,2004

3rd Meeting of the Committee to consider the 2nd draft will be held on

July 01, 2004

Final draft will be submitted by the Working Group based oncomments received on July10, 2004

Working Committee for


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g

preparation of the Draft National

Biotechnology Policy Dr. Naiyyum Choudhury, BAS

Dr. Md Abdur Razzaque, BARC

Dr. M.S. Islam, NIB

Dr. Kh. Md. Nasiruddin, BAU

Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, D.U.

Dr. Haseena Khan, D.U.

Dr. Md. Mokbul Hosain, BAEC.


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Preamble

Biotechnology includes Anytechnological application thatuses biological system, livingorganisms or derivatives thereof

to make or modify products orprocesses for specific use

Has helped increase productivityin crops, livestock, fisheries andforestry

Spectacular development hastaken place in medicalbiotechnology, environmentalbiotechnology and fermentationtechnology


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World Scenario

Last 20-25 years have been the golden age of

Biotechnology

DNA technology has strongly captured themarket in pharmaceutical field with hitherto

unknown genetically engineered drugs,

In agriculture, animal health, fermentation

and environment protection significant

achievement has taken place globally


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Status of

Biotechnology in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has made somestrides in traditionalBiotechnology like tissue

culture ,traditionalfermentation

Yet to start in real earnestnessnew Biotechnology for

improvement of plants, animalsindustrial microorganisms etc.

.


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Vision

Sustained food ,health and livelihood and health

security through environment friendly

biotechnology research and development

Establishing research-extension-end user

linkage and public-private-partnership

Meet millennium Development Goals through

promotion of conventional and modernBiotechnologies for socio-economic development


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GoalThe main goal of the NAIONALBIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY would be toensure sustainable development of

agriculture-food, nutrition, health,environment and livelihood of peoplethrough strengthening national capacity inconventional as well as modern

biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics, IPR andbiosurveillance


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Objectives

Bio-resources Inventory

Infrastructure development

Human resource development

Bioinformatics

Bio-safety, Bioethics,

IPR

Entrepreurship development

PublicPrivate -Partnership


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Policy Statements

Infrastructure Development

Human Resource Development

Identification of priority areasof Biotechnology Research and

Development

Funding Mechanisms forBiotechnology Research


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Policy Statement(contd)

Infrastructure Development Optimum utilization of existing facilities

Strengthening of existing biotechnology

laboratories in R&D organizations andacademic institutions

Creation of Centre(s) of Excellence


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Policy Statement-contd.

Human Resource Development Academic Programme

Short Term Training for biotech

Researchers Training of Policy Makers

Training on IPR

Training on Risk Analysis and RiskManagement in biotech Research andApplications


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Policy Statement-

Identification of Priority Areas Plant Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology

Aquaculture

Medical Biotechnology

Industrial Biotechnology

Environmental Biotechnology

Biodiversity Conservation

Human Genetics and Genomics

Bioinformatics Biosafety and Bioethics

IPR related Issues

Policy Statement-


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Policy Statement-

Funding Mechanisms for

Biotechnology Government Funding

Self Reliance and Sustainability

Contract Research

Innovation incentives for Researchers

Public-Private Sector Partnership

International Funding


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Policy Statements (Cont.)

Creation of Enabling Environment forBiotechnology Enterprise

Commercialization Management of Intellectual Property

Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR

Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics Regional and International Collaboration

Public Awareness measures For Transparencyin Biotechnology Work

Creation of Enabling Environment


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Creation of Enabling Environment

for Biotechnology Enterprise

Establishment of Biotechnology

Enterprise (Bio-Valley)

Biotech Incubators


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Policy Statements(contd.)

Commercialization

Management of Intellectual Property

Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics

Regional and International Collaboration

Public Awareness measures For Transparencyin Biotechnology Work


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Implementation and Monitoring

Immediate Action Programme

Formation of National Task Force

National Executive Committee onBiotechnology National Author ity on

Biotechnology)

Priority Plan for different Areas of

Biotechnology (Twenty Year Perspective Plan for Priori ty

Programme), Funding for Human Resource

Development, Institutional development,

Centre(s) of Excellence


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Organizational Arrangement for

the Policy DocumentMinistry Of Science and Information &Communication Technology being thefocal Ministry for promotingBiotechnology will review the NationalPolicy from time to time for updating,harmonizing and standardizing the

Policy document in the light of globaldevelopment in this field keeping in viewour national needs and interest.


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Biosafety Aspects

Ministry of Environment and Forest is the

Focal Ministry for dealing with all aspects

related to biosafety

The Biosafety Guidelines has been re-examined

and updated

Work in progress on Biosafety Framework

Biosafety Act formulation may take some time

Documents

MBT-Presentation on Biotechnology 09 May 2012