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MBBS YEAR II
Biochemistry
Department
Study Guide
(2020-21)
National University of Medical Sciences Pakistan
Department of Biochemistry
Introduction:
The dynamic department of Biochemistry is spear headed by Prof.Dr.Iram Fayyaz, an
MPhil gold medallist, aided by a proficient team of three associate and one assistant professor.
All five members of the senior faculty are in various stages of PhD research and are also actively
involved in departmental and multidisciplinary research. The undergraduate department
comprises of MBBS, BDS, Nursing and Allied Health schools. Our department was recently
approved by CPSP for FCPS training under supervision of Gen Abdul Khaliq Naveed and three
senior faculty members are currently enrolled with him. All senior faculty is also certified in
medical teaching by University of Liverpool. Moreover the senior faculty is also actively
engaged in annual student research projects . Our department was also the pioneer in initiating
Mentor/Menti (Mentorship) program where monthly sessions are held between the students and
their assigned mentor to address their various issues. Career counselling and research
methodology workshops are also given to every new batch of incoming students. We have also
introduced a Continuous Professional Development club to train and update our faculty with
regular departmental workshops. Moreover, our department annually conducts clinical
biochemistry seminars at the end of every academic session. We also plan to launch our MPhil
training program and organise the first ever Society Of Medical Biochemistry (SOMB) national
conference in the near future.
Index
1. Vision/Mission statements
2. Guidelines and Introduction
3. Curriculum Map
4. Blocks/Learning Objectives
5. Table of specifications
6. Sample MCQs and SEQs
7. Faculty list
8. Departmental Library
1.VISION/MISSION STATEMENTS
Vision statement:
To ensure the development and sustenance of internationally acclaimed quality standards
and practices for NUMS Higher Education that benefits and lives up to the stakeholders as needs
and expectations.
Mission statement:
To provide an excellent learning and teaching environment, inculcating ethical values and
social responsibilities in under-graduate and post-graduate medical and dental students and
nursing and allied health sciences students to enhance the level of comprehensive health care in
the Army/Country.
2.GUIDELINES AND INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
a. Preamble Integration has been accepted as an important educational strategy in medical education. The
recently revised standards by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PM&DC)
encourages integration of major subjects both horizontally and longitudinally. This
curriculum meets the standards of Pakistan Medical and Dental Council and our students, on
completion of program will develop required competencies as defined worldwide in a
graduate doctor.
MBBS Years I & II will deal with the normal structure, function and biochemical aspects of
human body which is delivered in an integrated manner in clinical context. Early Clinical
Exposure will be ensured by interspersed sessions throughout the curriculum, wherein the
students will learn via discussing real life scenarios which they will encounter in clinical
settings. This curriculum also aims to improve different skills of the future doctors including
communication, leadership & management and research skills and inculcate ethical values
and professionalism.
This curriculum has been developed by the faculty of basic and clinical sciences from
constituent/affiliated colleges in collaboration with NUMS Academic Directorate b. Curriculum perspective
NUMS curriculum is evolved taking into consideration Constructivist, Cognitivist,
behaviorist with some element of Constructivist approach. It allows students to construct
their own knowledge based on what they already know and to use that knowledge in
purposeful activities requiring decision making, problem solving, and judgments. c. Level of integration: The `complementary' approach which is both subject-based and
integrated teaching will be used. The integrated sessions will represent a major feature of the
curriculum d. Competencies The focus of this curriculum is on the roles of a general physician as
identified in the can MEDS. These are Medical Expert, Manager, Communicator, Health
Advocate, Collaborator, Professional and Scholar. Competencies focused in year I and II are:
-
1) Medical Knowledge 2) Problem solving 3) Procedural skills 4) Communication skills
5) Empathy 6) Professionalism 7) Leadership and Management skills
8) Research skills e. Outcomes
By the end of second year, students should be able to: 1) Correlate the developmental and anatomical knowledge of GIT & metabolism,
renal, neurosciences, Genetics, Craniocervical, Special senses, Endocrinal &
Reproductive systems to their physiological, and biochemical basis. 2) Perform basic clinical skills related to basic concepts addressed 3) Demonstrate effective written and verbal communication skills 4) Appraise the role of the physician and health care profession in the society 5) Adopt social accountability as a vital part of medical profession
6) Analyze the impact of technologies and scientific discoveries on the contemporary
world, such as issues of personal privacy, security, or ethical responsibilities 7) Apply the principles of research for writing research proposal
f. Academic Calendar Year II
YEAR TWO
BLOCK I 2 BLOCK II 2 BLOCK III 2
10+2=12 weeks w 8+2=10 weeks w 10+2=12 weeks: w
4 weeks 6 E 8 weeks E 10 weeks E
weeks O O O
GIT / Renal B Neuroscience B Special Senses, B
Bioenergetics & Endocrinology &
Biological Reproduction
Oxidation (ENR)/ Nutrition
Carbohydrate metabolism Molecular Medicine & Genetics
Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Brain and Spinal cord Head & Neck
Research Methodology & Evidence based Medicine
Behavioral Science & Professionalism
g. Proposed Contact Hours Distribution Year-II
SUBJECTS SECOND YEAR
Anatomy 250
Embryology
Histology
Gross Anatomy
Physiology 225
Biochemistry 125
Research Methodology & Evidence based Medicine 10
Medicine 25
Surgery 25
Pakistan Studies 15
Behavioral Science & Professionalism 30
Self-Directed Learning 100
Co-curricular activities 40
TOTAL HOURS 845
h. Educational Strategies
1) Lectures
2) Small group discussion
3) Lab practical
4) Skill lab
5) Problem based learning/ Case based learning
6) Tutorials
i. Resources. To be filled in by the institute
1) Faculty
2) Facilities
3) Administration for Course
4) Administrative structure
5) Communication with students
j. Internal Assessment Students will be assessed at the end of each block. The weighting of internal assessment is 20% in 2nd professional MBBS Examination. There will be three end of blocks and one pre - annual examination. The scores of tests of each end block assessment and pre-annual examination will be used for calculation of the internal assessment.
k. Annual Professional Examination. The University will take the first professional Examination as per PM&DC guidelines at the end of the academic year. Annual Theory & Practical Examination will be of 200 marks for Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry and 50 marks theory paper of Islamiat and Pakistan Studies. The passing score is 50% in theory and practical separately.
l. Evaluation of the Course. To be filled in by the institute
3.CURRICULUM MAP
CURRICULUM MAP OF
BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
4.BLOCKS/LEARNING OBJECTIVES
BLOCK-I
(10 Weeks)
MODULE
NO.
MODULE TOPICS
1. Biochemistry of Digestive Tract
2. Bioenergetics and biological oxidation
3. Body Fluids & Water and electrolyte and acid
base balance
4. Carbohydrates Metabolism
1. Introduction: This block comprises of following modules: a. Gastrointestinal system (4 weeks)
b. Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation
c. Carbohydrates metabolism (throughout the Module)
2. Duration:
Total duration of the block is 12 weeks. 10 weeks are for teaching and learning and 2 weeks are for end block assessment a. Gastrointestinal system (4 weeks)
This module focuses on biochemical function of gastrointestinal system along with basic
understanding of structure of abdomen and role of ATP in health and disease. Learning
process involves delivering the content with clinical relevance. At the very outset medical
student should understand the importance of gastrointestinal system in the fields of
Medicine. The research methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be
taught as a part of the longitudinal theme.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, student will be able to:
Correlate the gross developmental features of gastrointestinal system with their biochemical functions and basis.
Apply the knowledge of biochemistry of abdomen to understand relevant clinical
scenarios
Relate the role of ATP and energy metabolism for understanding the disease
process
Relate their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of clinical
training and practice Relate the development, macro and microscopic features, physiological and
biochemical aspects of digestive tract & its associated glands with their specified clinical presentations
b.Carbohydrates Metabolism (Throughout the block). Carbohydrates chemistry and metabolism is very important for understanding different metabolic disorders so this topic will be taught longitudinally throughout the module wherever required. At the end of this module, student will be able to apply the biochemical knowledge of carbohydrates for understanding their related disorders
MODULE 1
BIOCHEMISTRY OF DIGESTIVE TRACT
MODULE 2
BIOENERGETICS AND BIOLOGICAL
OXIDATION
BIOCHEMISTRY
S.No
Topic/
Theme Learning Outcomes Learning Objective/ Instructional Assessment
Course Content Strategies Tool
1. Biochemistry
Relate the
biochemical Describe the Lectures/ MCQ
of Digestive knowledge of composition, SGD SAQ/SEQ Tract Gastrointestinal functions, daily
secretion,
stimulants
secretions to relevant
and depressants of
disorders
Saliva Gastric
Juice,
HCl Pancreatic
Juice,
Bile juice & Succus
entericus, GIT
hormones (gastrin,
secretin, CCK)
Discuss the
digestion
and absorption of
Carbohydrates,
Proteins, Lipids &
Nucleic acids in
human
body
Describe the
biochemical
disorders
of GIT, e.g.
achlorhydria,
peptic
ulcers, lactose
intolerance,
cholelithiasis and
related disorders
2. Bioenergetics
Justify the role of
ATP
Discuss Free
energy, Lectures/ MCQ
and
Biological
and energy
metabolism
Free energy
change, SGD SAQ/SEQ Oxidation in health and disease standard energy
change, Endergonic
and exergonic
reactions and ATP
Describe Respiratory
chain, electron
transport chain &
oxidative
phosphorylation
Describe components
of respiratory chain,
electron carriers, ATP
synthesis coupled
with
electron flow &
phosphorylation of
ADP coupled to
electron transfer
• Describe the
inhibitors of ETC
• Explain the ATP-
synthase, their
relation to proton
pump, PMF, and
active transport
• Describe
Uncouplers and
inhibitors of
oxidative
phosphorylation
MODULE 3
Body Fluids & WATER AND
ELECTROLYTE AND ACID BASE
BALANCE
BIOCHEMISTRY
Topic/ Theme
Learning
Outcomes
Learning
Objective/ Instructional Assessment
Tool Course Content Strategies
Body Fluids +
Appraise the impact
of Discuss LECTURES MCQ/
Water &
water, electrolyte
and biochemistry of PBL SAQ/SEQ
Electrolyte,
Acid
acid base imbalances
on water, fluid CBL
Base Balance human health haemostasis, SGD electrolyte balance
and acid base
haemostasis
Comprehend Acid
base disorders and
blood pressure
Describe Ionization of water & weak
acids, bases, pH
pK
values, pH scale,
Dissociation
constant &
titration
curve of weak
acids
Apply Henderson- Hasselbalch
Equation
Explain the mechanism of
Buffering and pH
homeostasis
Enumerate various types of particles
and solutions in
relation to the
importance of
selectively
permeable
membranes
Describe the importance of
selectively
permeable
membranes,
osmosis, osmotic
pressure, surface
tension, viscosity
&
their importance
related to body
fluids
Explain the Distribution of
body water in
various
compartments
➢ Enlist different
functions of
water in human
body
➢ Explain
regulation of
water balance in
human body
➢ Describe the role
of buffer system
lungs, kidney in
pH maintenance
in human body
➢ Explain clinical
conditions of
hyper and hypo
natremia, hyper
and hypo-
kalemia and
magnesiemia
➢ Discuss various
disorders of acid
base balance
➢ Describe anion
gap and its
clinical
significance
Practical Interpret the results Physical Practical
of
specific gravity of
urine
Examination of
Urine
OSPE
Justify the use of
different solutions in
clinical practice
Types of
Solutions,
their preparation
and clinical
significance
Demonstrate the
working and
application
of pH metery
The techniques
and
instrumentation of
pH metery
*Interpret the results
of separation
techniques
1.Chormatogrpahy
2.Identification of
amino acids by Rf
value
• Recommended by NUMS
MODULE 4
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM
Learning
Instructional S.No./Topic Topic/ Theme Learning outcomes Objectives/
strategies
Content
Carbohydrate
Relate the
significance of Classify Carbohydrates and Lectures/ MCQ
Chemistry
different
carbohydrates in explain their Biochemical SGD SAQ/SEQ
medicine functions
Discuss the structure and
functions of
Monosaccharaides and
enumerate their various
derivatives
Explain the structure and
functions of Disaccharides
with examples
Describe Oligosaccharides
and their combination with
other macromolecules
Enumerate important
examples of Polysaccharides
and give their
biochemical
role
Metabolism of
Apply the knowledge
of Outline the Phases reactions Lectures/ MCQ
Carbohydrates
carbohydrate
metabolism of Glycolysis and regulation SGD SAQ/SEQ
for understanding of Glycolysis
Describe the bioenergetics
relevant metabolic
of Aerobic and Anaerobic
disorders
glycolysis and their
biochemical importance
Discuss fate of Lactic acid & Pyruvate
Draw Cori’s cycle
Outline the Citric Acid
Cycle-
Reactions
Describe the energetics,
regulation, importance and
amphibolic nature of
citric
acid cycle.
Discuss Gluconeogenesis & state the three important
bypass reaction &
significance of
gluconeogenesis
Compare and contrast
Glycolysis &
gluconeogenesis
Discuss the Glycogen
the reactions of
Glycogenesis and
glycogenolysis.
Outline the importance of
UDP-Glucose & regulation of Glycogen metabolism
Describe the disorders of
Glycogen metabolism (Glycogen Storage
Diseases)
Compare and contrast
Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
Describe Hexose Mono
Phosphate Shunt, its reactions and
importance
Explain Glucuronic acid
pathway, its reactions and importance
Describe the metabolism of
Fructose, Galactose and Lactose
Practicals Perform and
interpret the Estimation and clinical
Practical OSPE
results interpretation of Glucose in blood
Estimation and clinical
interpretation of plasma enzyme Amylase
Experiments on
Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-I
Molisch test
Experiments on
Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-II
Benedicts test
Fehlings test
Experiments on
Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-III
Iodine test
Seliwanoff test
YEAR II BLOCK-II
(10 weeks)
MODULE
NO.
MODULE TOPICS
1. Nucleotide chemistry and Metabolism
2. Biochemical Genetics
3. Neurotransmitters
4. Cancer and Tumour Markers
5. Xenobiotics, Aging and Free Radicals
1. Introduction:
This block comprises of following modules:
Molecular Medicine & Genetics
2. Duration:
Total duration of the block is 10 weeks. 8 weeks are for teaching and learning
and 2 weeks are for end block assessment
3. Preamble
This module provides an insight to biochemical basis of nucleotide, molecular
medicine and Genetics, Xenobiotics, cancer & aging and antioxidants & free
radicals. Learning process involves delivering the content with clinical
relevance. This module allows medical student to understand the importance of
Central Nervous System in the fields of Medicine.
The Research Methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be
taught as a part of the longitudinal theme.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, student will be able to:.
• Relate the basic knowledge of nucleotide metabolism, Molecular medicine
and Genetics, Xenobiotics, Cancer & aging and Antioxidants & free radicals
with their clinical significance
• Apply their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of
clinical training and practice
BIOCHEMISTRY
S.No
. Topic/
Learning
outcomes Learning Objective/
Instruction
al Assessment
Theme Content strategies tool
1 Nucleotide
Relate the
significance Demonstrate the
LECTUR
ES MCQ
Chemistry of different nucleotide understanding of PBL SAQ/SEQ
in medicine Chemistry and CBL
structure of
nucleotide SGD
and their biochemical
role
Explain Nucleotides, structure, their
derivatives and their
biochemical role
Discuss the synthetic derivatives of purine
and pyrimidines,
their
role in health and
disease
Describe Nucleic
acids, their types, structure
and functions
Outline the Synthesis of Purine nucleotides
and
deoxyribonucleotides
Explain the Salvage
pathway of nucleotides
2. Nucleotide
Apply the
knowledge Describe the
LECTUR
ES MCQ
Metabolism of nucleotide
degradation of
purines PBL SAQ/SEQ
metabolism for
with related diseases CBL
understanding
Explain synthesis& SGD
relevant
metabolic
degradation of
disorders
pyrimidines and state
related diseases
Discuss the
formation of Uric acid &
Hyperuricemia
3.
Biochemica
l
Apply the
knowledge Describe DNA
LECTUR
ES MCQ
Genetics of molecular Structure & types PBL SAQ/SEQ
medicine, genetics,
State organization of CBL
and
biotechnology
in
health and
disease Eukaryotic DNA SGD
Explain replication of prokaryotic DNA &
Eukaryotic DNA
Explain Super
coiling of DNA
Describe DNA
Repair Mechanisms
Explain Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Discuss various
Genetic Diseases
Give Structure of
three types of RNA
Outline Prokaryotic
and Eukaryotic
transcription.
Explain Reverse transcription
Describe translation, Post Translational
Modification &
translation of
genetic
code
Write a note on Mutations
Outline regulation of Gene expression
Write a note on
PCR& Southern blotting
techniques
Explain Probes
Explain Prenatal Diagnosis
Discuss Gene
therapy & gene expression
Summarize DNA Cloning
Explain Restriction fragment length
polymorphism
4.
Neurotrans
m
Relate the
importance Write a note on
LECTUR
ES MCQ
itters of various
Catecholamines,
their PBL SAQ/SE
Q
neurotransmitters to
chemistry, synthesis CBL
its clinical
signifcance
and degradation SGD
Explain synthesis and role of Acetyl
choline,
Dopamine,
Serotonin
and Histamine
Discuss the Dopaminergic
neurotransmission
(Including site of
synthesis, stimulus
for
secretion,
mechanism
of action, receptors,
intracellular effects,
target cells, tissues
and
biochemical
role/functions)
Explain synthesis
and biochemical role of
Glutamate, GABA
& NO
5. Cancer and
Correlate
tumor Discuss different tumor
LECTUR
ES MCQ tumor markers in markers PBL SAQ/SEQ
markers different Comprehend genetic CBL
basis of cancer
malignanci
es SGD
Outline the
genetic basis of
cancer
6.
Xenobiotics
, Outline the Describe xenobiotics
LECTUR
ES MCQ
aging and
essential
feature Outline phase 1 and PBL
SAQ/SE
Q
free radicals
of aging
and phase 2 reactions,
CBL
Discuss the properties
genetic factors of SGD
aging of Cytochrome
P450, its functions and
Elaborate the
role
clinical importance
of reactive oxygen
species
and
xenobiotic
s
Practicals
Perform and
interpret Collection and Practical OSPE
the results of given
preservation of clinical
examination specimens
Estimation and clinical
interpretation of Uric
Acid in blood
• Estimation and
clinical
interpretation of
bilirubin in blood
• DNA extraction
• PCR
*Estimation and clinical
interpretation of serum
creatinine in blood
*Estimation and clinical
interpretation of serum
urea in blood
*Recommended by NUMS
YEAR II
BLOCK-III
(08 Weeks)
MODULE
NO.
MODULE TOPICS
1. Biochemistry of Endocrine System
2. Integration and Regulation of Metabolic
Pathways in Various Tissues
3. Nutrition
1. Introduction:
This block comprises of following modules:
Special Senses/Endocrinology & Reproduction (ENR) /Head & Neck
2. Duration:
Total duration of the block is 12 weeks. 10 weeks are for teaching and learning and 2
weeks are for end block assessment
3. Preamble
The emphasis of this module is on histo-morphological and embryological structure of
special senses and endocrinology/reproductive system as well as the mechanisms involved in
regulating hormone levels in an integrated manner. This module also includes the role of
nutrition in different metabolic disorders and allows students to appraise integration and
regulation of metabolic pathways in different tissues. Learning process involves delivering
the content with clinical relevance. This makes medical student to understand the importance
of Central Nervous system in the fields of Medicine.
The research methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be taught as a part
of the longitudinal theme.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, student will be able to:
• Differentiate between H&E stained slides of specials senses, endocrine glands,
integumentary system and oral cavity to predict functional outcomes that result from their
altered structure and function.
• Correlate the embryological basis of specials senses, head and neck and integumentary
system with various relevant congenital anomalies.
• Apply the concepts of gross anatomy of bones, viscera, muscles, neurovascular
components and joints of head and neck to deal with the common prevalent diseases in
future.
• Utilize the knowledge of gross anatomy, arterial supply venous drainage and lymphatic
drainage of the head and neck with special emphasis on the spread of infection from face
to brain.
• Correlate the physiological and biochemical concepts related to special senses and
endocrinology/reproductive system with their anatomical knowledge
• Appraise the integration and regulation of metabolic pathways in different tissues
• Apply the knowledge of nutrition for better understanding of relevant disorders
• Relate their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of clinical training and
practice
o Describe the physiology of special senses including their nervous pathways and
interpret the abnormalities related to them.
o Explain the basic principles of endocrinology along with the functions and related
abnormalities of various endocrine glands.
o Describe the male and female reproductive functions and their abnormalities.
BIOCHEMISTRY
S.No.
Topic/
Theme Learning Learning Objective/ Instructional Assessment
outcomes Content strategies tool
1 Describe the
general
LECTURES MCQ
Biochemistry Appraise the basic SGD SAQ/SEQ
of Endocrine principles of principles of PBL System endocrinology endocrine system CBL
along with the Classify the hormones
biochemical basis according to their
and related chemical nature &
abnormalities
Mechanism of
Action
Explain Cell surface
receptors with special emphasis on G protein coupled receptors ➢ Discuss
Intracellular second messenger signaling cascade
➢ Describe the intracellular ligand receptors
➢ Explain the Site
of synthesis,
stimulus for
secretion,
mechanism of
action, receptors,
intracellular
effects, target
cells, tissues and
biochemical role
& hyper/hypo
secretion of
growth hormone,
thyroid, adrenal
hormones,
androgens and
estrogens,
pancreatics
hormones, and
parathyroid
hormones
Integration
and
regulation
of
Metabolic
Pathways in Different
Tissues
Compare the
role
of different body
organs in
integration of metabolism in
health and
disease
Discuss regulatory
effects of Insulin and Glucagon on CHO metabolism.
➢ Describe the
regulation of Blood Glucose in human
body
Explain
Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and
their regulating
factors
Describe the Diabetes
Mellitus, its Laboratory
findings,
Diagnosis and
biochemical
complications
Describe Feed fast
cycle and explain its adaptation by
different tissues to
changing energy
conditions of the
body
Describe the
Integration and regulation of
Metabolic
Pathways in
Different Tissues
Discuss general
endocrine system
Comprehend
Biosynthesis of
hormones
Discuss regulation of
Secretion
Classify hormones
according to their
chemical nature &
receptor availability
Describe mechanism of
action of Hormones
Discuss
Cell surface receptors
G protein coupled
receptors
Intracellular second
messenger signaling
cascade
Intracellular ligand
receptors
Biochemical
Functions of Growth
Hormone
Synthesis &
Biochemical
Functions of Thyroid
hormone
Biochemical Functions
of adrenal hormones
Androgens synthesis
and Biochemical
functions
Estrogens synthesis
and Biochemical
functions
Biochemical
Functions of
pancreatic hormones
Biochemical
Functions of
parathyroid hormones
Disorders of
hypo/hyper secretion of
hormones
Nutrition
Appraise the
nutritional requirements of each food constituent for better understanding of relevant disorders
Outline
nutritional requirement in different commonly occurring
Give the caloric
requirements of the
human body
Define Balanced Diet
and elaborate
various
DRIs (EAR, DA,
AI, UL),
AMDR
Explain the nutritional
requirements in Pregnancy, Lactation,
new-born and in
nutritional
disorders,
hypertension,
diabetes, cirrhosis,
end stage renal
disease
LECTURES MCQ
SGD SAQ/SEQ
PBL
CBL
disorders
Review hazards
of under and over nutrition
Describe Protein
turnover, amino
acid
Pool, Nitrogen
Balance, BMR,
BMI,
Respiratory
quotient,
Protein Quality
and
Glycemic Index.
Describe the
nutritional requirement and
biomedical
importance of
CHO,
lipid & protein in
human body
Define Malnutrition.
Discuss Protein energy Malnutrition in
particular.
Compare and contrast
between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
Practicals Perform and Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test & its clinical interpretations
Estimation and clinical
interpretation of plasma enzyme
LDH
Estimation and clinical
interpretation of plasma enzyme
ALT
Estimation of plasma
enzyme ALP and AST and
clinical interpretations
Practical SPE
interpret the
results of given examination
*Estimation and
clinical interpretation of
serum creatine kinase
* Demonstrate the
working and
application of
spectrophotometer
* Demonstrate the
working and
application of Microlab
5.TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
Second Professional MBBS Examination (2020)
BIOCHEMISTRY
Time Allowed =03 hrs (Including MCQs)
Marks of theory paper =80
Internal assessment =20
Total marks =100
Pass Marks =50
40 x MCQs (on separate sheet) (40 Marks) Time =50 min
Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
7x SAQs/SEQs (Recall) = 04 marks each
2x SAQs/SEQs (Application) = 06 marks each
Total Marks =40 Marks
Time = 2 hours & 10
min
NUMBER OF MCQs
(40) 7x SAQs/SEQs 2x SAQs/SEQs
S. No Topic (Recall =17) (Recall) (Application)
(Application=23)
04 marks each 06 marks each 01 marks each
1.
Biochemistry of Digestive Tract +
08 1.5
Nutrition
2. Chemistry of Carbohydrates +
08 1.5
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
3.
Biochemistry of Endocrine
System + 06 01
Neurotransmitters
4.
Biochemical Genetics +
Molecular 06 01
Any 2 from
whole Biology Techniques
Course Bioenergetics & Biological
5. Oxidation+ Integration of
06 01
metabolism + Xenobiotic+
Cancer
Metabolism
Nucleotide Chemistry +
Nucleotide
6. Metabolism + Body Fluids +
Water & 06 01 Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance
7 (28 Marks) 2 (12 Marks)
Total 40 (40 Marks)
09 (40 Marks)
Theory: Internal Assessment (IA) Calculation (20 Marks)
Exams Weightings Exams Percentage
End of Block & Pre- annual 80% End of Block Exam - I 20
Exams End of Block Exam - II 20
End of Block Exam- III 20
Pre-Annual Exam 20
Modular/ Class
Performance 20% Class Tests 20
Total 100% 100%
Table of Specifications for Annual Professional Exam –Practical
Viva (Theory) Practical/OSPE
40 marks
Total 40 marks
Internal External
OSPE (20) Viva +
Examiner Examiner
Journal
Observed Unobserved Performance
(2 Station) (10 Station)
20 20 10 10 15 5 80
Practical: Internal Assessment Calculation (20 Marks)
Exams Weightings Exams Percentage
End of Block & Pre-
annual 80% End of Block Practical/OSPE I 20
Exams End of Block Practical/OSPE II 20
End of Block Practical/OSPE III 20
Pre-Annual Exam 20
Class Performance 20% *SGD/ CBL/ PBL/ Practical 20
Total 100% 100%
* SGD= Small Group
Discussion CBL= Case
Based Learning PBL=
Problem Based Learning
6.SAMPLE MCQS AND SEQS
Sample MCQs and SEQs
Multiple Choice Question (MCQs)
• A multiple-choice question (MCQ) consist of a stem that states the question or problem
followed by a set of possible answers that contain an option that is best answer to the question.
• After reading the questions students should select the appropriate option from the given
possible answers.
• The correct answer carries one mark and incorrect carries zero. There is no negative marking.
Sample MCQ
Which of the following is the major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from the damage
by gastric acid?
A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretions
B. The endogenous mucosal barrier of the duodenum
C. Duodenal bicarbonate secretion
D. Hepatic bicarbonate secretion
KEY: A
Short essay question (SEQs)
• Short essay questions require students to present written answers that are used to asses basic
knowledge of key facts and provide students with an opportunity to demonstrate reasoning and
explain their understanding of the subject.
Sample SEQ
An infant presents with yellow discoloration of his skin and sclera. On examination he was
anemic and had splenomegaly. His complete blood picture revealed a normocytic anemia
but his haemoglobin electrophoresis was normal. A peripheral smear revealed spiculated
cells. A diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency is made.
a. What is the pathogenesis of hemolysis in this patient?
b. How is glycolysis regulated by fructose 2,6 biphosphate ?
Key:
a.What is the pathogenesis of hemolysis in this patient?
The anemia observed in glycolytic enzyme deficiencies is a consequence of the reduced rate of
glycolysis, leading to decreased ATP production. The resulting alterations in the red
blood cell membrane lead to changes in the shape of the cell and, ultimately, to phagocytosis by
the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, particularly macrophages of the spleen. The premature
death and lysis of red blood cells results in hemolytic anemia.
b. How is glycolysis regulated by fructose 2,6 biphosphate ?
7.FACULTY LIST
Subject : MBBS Biochemistry Faculty Members
Name
CNIC No
PMDC
Reg No
PMDC
Faculty No
Designation
Qualificat
ion
Email Address
Dr. Iram
Fayyaz
61101-
1122012-
4
16303-P 6036/16303-
P/M
Professor &
HOD
MBBS,
MPhil,
DCH
(glassgow)
, CMT
iram_nadeem@yah
oo.com
Dr. Aamenah
Malik
35201-
8861042-
8
45084-P 15671/45084-
P/M
Associate
Professor
MBBS,
MPhil,
CMT
om
Dr. Huma
Ashraf
37405-
0314966-
4
1712-
AJK
7789/1712-
AJK/M
Associate
Professor
MBBS,
MPhil,
CMT
huma.monim.zat.as
Dr.Hira Sohail 35201-
5979384-
8
62242-P 11596/62242-
P/M
Asst. Professor MBBS,
MPhil
dr_hirasohail@hot
mail.com
Dr. Faiza
Ahmad
42301-
5766925-
2
53152-S 6245-53152-
S/M
Demonstrator MBBS,
Master in
Bioethics,
MPhil
(Part 1)
drfaizaasim@gmai
l.com
Dr.M. Omar
Akeel
35202-
7058816-
7
70114-P 16985/70114-
P/M
Demonstrator MBBS omar.akeel@gmail
.com
Dr, Anam
Malik
35202-
4932842-
8
65637-P 17003/65637-
P/M
Demonstrator MBBS anum.m88@gmail.
com
Dr.Wahaj 35404-
6491565-
5
104925-
P
36328/104925
/P/M
Demonstrator MBBS wahhajqayyum@g
mail.com
Dr.Sabika 42201-
7924144-
8
75596-S 36154/755/96/
S/M
Demonstrator MBBS [email protected]
m
Dr.Iqra 35201-
41490286
104940-
p
37101/104940
-P/M
Demonstrator MBBS [email protected]
Dr.Amna Noor 35202-
09885170
19389-
D
34539/19389-
D/D
Demonstrator BDS [email protected]
Dr.Anam Zia 54400153
04634
12696-
D
30431/12696-
D/D
Demonstrator BDS [email protected]
Subject : MBBS Biochemistry Ancillary Staff Members
Name CNIC NO Qualification Designation
Naeem Rohela 35201-1305467-7 FA Stoor Keeper
Javied ahmed 35201-6874958-1
FA Head lab Assistant
Zia-Ur-Rehman 38402-7919654-3
DMLS Laboratory Assistant
Naeem Khan 35202-3090119-3 Matric Laboratory Assistant
Usman Ameen 35201-9334542-1
B.Com Computer Operator
Hafiz Muhammad
imran
35201-3270734-1 B.A, Hafiz Laboratory Attendant
Hassan Rasool 35201-78105895 BS.c Laboratory Attendant
8.DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARY
Departmental library
1. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry (MN Chatterjea) 8th Edition
2. Lippincott’s Biochemistry 7th Edition
3. Pre Test Biochemistry and Genetics 4th Edition
4. Instant Biochemistry (Faiq) 2nd Edition
5. Biochemistry A Case-Oriented Approach 4th Edition
6. Textbook of Physiology and Biochemistry 9th Edition
7. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry 29th Edition
8. Hashmi’s complete Textbook of Biochemistry 5th Edition
9. BRS Biochemistry Molecular Biology & Genetics 5th Edition
10. Kaplan Medical Biochemistry and Genetics
11. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry vol1 7th Edition
12. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry vol 2 7th Edition
13. Clinical chemistry : Principles, Methods and Interpretations 3rd Edition
14. Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations 6th Edition
15.Clinical chemistry (MARSHALL) 2nd Edition
16.Organic Chemistry ( Vollhardt)
17.Mathews Van Holde Biochemistry