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MayniladIntegrated Accounting for Greenhouse Gases
(GHG) and Air Emissions
Maynilad GHG Report 2009 Accounting for Greenhouse Gases
(GHG) and Air Emissions
August 2010
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GHG Report 2009 Accounting for Greenhouse Gases
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ABOUT MAYNILAD 3
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6
THE GREEN TEAM 8
THE PROJECT 10
SETTING THE BOUNDARIES 13
SETTING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL BOUNDARIES 13
SELECTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF BASE YEAR 15
RECALCULATION OF BASE YEAR EMISSIONS 15
MAYNILAD’S 2009 EMISSIONS INVENTORY 16
TOOLS 16
METHODOLOGY 16
EMISSIONS FOR 2009 17
GHG EMISSIONS 17
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS 19
BENCHMARKING EMISSIONS WITH OTHER WATER UTILITIES 20
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 22
EMISSIONS INVENTORY ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING PROCESS 22
REDUCING EMISSIONS 22
ANNEX 1 – MAYNILAD’S QUALITY, ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY 25
ANNEX 2 – MEMORANDUM RE: GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG) TEAM 26
ANNEX 3 – EMISSION SUMMARY TABLES 27
Table of Contents
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Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad) is the water and wastewater services provider for the 17 cities and
municipalities that comprise the West Zone of the greater Metro Manila area.
In 1997, the company was granted a 25-year exclusive concession by the Philippine Government, through the
Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), to operate, maintain and invest in the water and
sewerage system in Caloocan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Manila, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Parañaque, Valenzuela,
parts of Quezon City, a part of Makati, Cavite City, and the municipalities of Rosario, Imus, Noveleta, Bacoor, and
Kawit in Cavite. Maynilad went through a change of ownership on January 24, 2007, with the consortium of DMCI
Holdings, Inc. (DMCI) and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (MPIC) winning 84% of the water company’s
shares in a public bidding.
Maynilad’s customer base has expanded to 814,645 service connections, the largest water concessionaire in terms
of customer base in the Philippines. Maynilad operates and maintains 3 water treatment plants, 3 wastewater
treatment plants, 27 pumping stations, 18 reservoirs, 26 mini-boosters, 20 on-line boosters and 6,020 kilometers
of pipelines.
Four of its major facilities are ISO 9001:2008 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001:2004 (Environment
Management System) and OHSAS 18001:2007 (Occupational Safety and Health Management System) certified,
namely: La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 & 2 (water treatment), Dagat-Dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant
and Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant.
The two water treatment plants are the La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 & 2, which have design capacity of 1500 MLD
(million liters per day) and 900 MLD respectively. A third fairly, the Putatan Water Treatment Plant (PWTP) with
initial capacity of 100 MLD (to be increased up to 300 MLD by 2013) will be operational this year.
The wastewater treatment facilities for sewage, septage and biosolids, are as follows:
• Dagat-Dagatan Sewage &Septage Treatment Plant, which has a land area of 15 ha and capacity of 26 MLD.
The septage treatment plant produces 22 cu. m. per day biosolids. These biosolids are registered as
organic fertilizers of the Fertilizer & Pesticide Authority. The plant is a registered manufacturer, distributor
and warehouse of organic fertilizer.
• Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant which has 43,178 sewer service connections and pumping capacity of 432
MLD.
• Alabang Sewage Treatment Planthas a capacity of 100 MLD.
• Communal septic tanks
In line with its Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy (see Annex 1), Maynilad has been actively involved in
different environmental protection programs such as the Watershed Management Program. Together with the
Manila Water Company, Inc., Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Maynilad forged an agreement with the Bantay Kalikasan Foundation
to formulate a program for the management of Ipo and La Mesa Watersheds. Maynilad has also tied-up with other
companies, the DENR, MWSS, PLDT-Smart, the National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) and the Local
Government Unit (LGU) of Norzagaray, Bulacan for a sustainable tree planting program at the Ipo Watershed.
Maynilad also partners with the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) and the Farmers’ Cooperative of Pampanga
About Maynilad
4 | P a g e
to supply sugarcane farms in Pampanga and Tarlac with organic fertilizers derived from septage and with its by-
product known as biosolids. Other environmental programs are the Manila Bay coastal clean-up, solid waste
management and hazardous waste management. Aside from those mentioned environmental programs, Maynilad
is strictly complying with the regulatory requirements in wastewater discharge, air emission and other required
environmental clearances.
In addition, Maynilad has been included in the Resilient Organizations Built for Transformation of the Philippines
(ROBUST PHIL) Project.The program has a developmental objective in building capacities of the nation’s mission
critical enterprises so as to make them resilient. These enterprises would in turn be able to serve the people
better, especially after a disaster or crisis. Program would seek to achieve the objective through adoption of global
best practices and alignment against international standards on enterprise risk management, business continuity
and information security.
The IMS certified facilities of Maynilad are maintaining energy conservation programs as part of their environment
management plan and mitigation plan regarding greenhouse gases emission. To strengthen its commitment in the
environmental protection and energy conservation, Maynilad launched the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air
Emissions Inventory Development Project on February 2, 2010 in partnership with the Philippine Business for the
Environment (PBE) and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia). The project aims to establish carbon
footprint, identify emission reduction measures for improved environment and financial performance and
establish project proposal for carbon credits and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This will enhance the
company’s environmental and sustainability performance and strengthen its corporate social responsibility
adherence.
About Maynilad
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AP air pollution
CAI-Asia Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CH4 Methane
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e CO2 equivalent
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
EF/s Emission factor/s
Gen sets Generator sets
GHG Greenhouse gas/es
GJ GigaJoules
HC Hydrocarbons
HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons
IMP Inventory Management Plan
kWh kilowatt-hours
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
MLD Million liters per day
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous People
NRW Non-revenue water
N2O Nitrous oxide
NOx Nitrogen oxides
O3 Ozone
PBE Philippine Business for the Environment
PFCs Perfluorocarbons
PM Particulate matter
SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride
SOx Sulfur oxides
SRA Sugar Regulatory Authority
VOCs Volatile organic compounds
WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development
WRI World Resources Institute
List of Abbreviations
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Maynilad recently decided to establish an integrated greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions accounting
system in support of the company’s sustainability goals. The GHG and Air Emissions Inventory Development
Projectwas formally launched, with a 2-day seminar, on February 2 and 3, 2010. In particular, it aims to understand
and manage its greenhouse gas emissions and the co – benefits of managing air pollutants by designing an
inventory management plan and establishing its GHG and air pollutant inventory.
The Maynilad “Green Team” worked with the Philippine Business for the Environment (PBE) and the Clean Air
Initiative for Asian Cities in developing the following: a) an emissions inventory management plan; c) computations
of the baseline emissions of Maynilad; d) recommendations on how to move forward.
An Inventory Management Plan (IMP) was prepared under the project because it isessential inensuring the
sustainability of the inventory in the future. It lays out the details of the inventory such as the boundaries,
calculation methodologies, data management process flows, management roles, auditing and verification and
other important details. The 2009 IMP and GHG Report were presented to Maynilad President and Chief Executive
Officer, Mr. Victorico P. Vargas, on Aug. 23, 2010.
The baseline emissions of Maynilad (2009) were also computed under the project. The total GHG emissions1 of
Maynilad in 2009 are 30,214 tons of Carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). The direct emissions comprise 9.8% (2,975
tCO2e) while indirect emissions from purchased electricity are 90.2% of the total (27,239tCO2e). This means that
for every liter of water produced, Maynilad emitted 0.0346 grams of CO2.
97.70% of scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions are Carbon dioxide (29,518tons). The other gases that are considered by
the Kyoto Protocol (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) are not considered in the inventory since these are specific to certain
types of industries and are not relevant to the operations of Maynilad. Except for the business areas, indirect
emissions from purchased electricity are higher than the direct emissions for each grouping. 75.13% of the GHG
emissions of Maynilad are Scope 2 emissions of the water network. The largest contributor to the electricity of the
GHG emissions is the purchased electricity consumed at the La Mesa Booster Station, which contributes 35.56%
(10,743 tCO2e) to the total GHG emissions.
In order to improve the future emissions inventories of Maynilad, it is recommended that the inventory
management plan be diligently implemented. Maynilad is also encouraged to think of innovative ways to improve
primary data collection, particularly the activity data for the vehicle fleet. It is also recommended that the Green
Team includes representatives from the Business Operations Division into the Green Team. As the overarching
body covering the different Business Areas, the said division should be involved in the Green Team. Lastly,
Maynilad should include and compute the emissions reduction that are achieved by its existing initiatives (e.g.
current tree planting activities, emission reduction from the displacement of chemical fertilizers with the biosolids
produced by the treatment process) as well as its future emission reduction activities.
1Scope 1 and 2 only.
Executive Summary
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In terms of reducing its emissions, it is highly recommended that Maynilad set-up a holistic program which would
set the direction of the emission reduction initiatives within the company and perhaps in the future, within its
supply chain.
A major recommendation for Maynilad is to look into the potential for reducing its electricity consumption and
increasing the efficiencies of its electrical equipment. The biggest source of emissions for Maynilad is its
consumption of purchased electricity from the grid. 83% of all the electricity use in Maynilad comes from the
Water Network. The La Mesa Booster Station alone consumed 39% of the total electricity in Maynilad.
It is also recommended that Maynilad looks at emission reduction opportunities in its vehicle fleet. The company
vehicles of Maynilad are its main source of air pollutant emissions. Moving towards a cleaner fleet will not only
result in financial and emissions savings but improve the company’s image as well. A company’s vehicles are
moving images of the company, and are most visible to the public and its customers. A cleaner fleet means a
cleaner image for the company. Implementing a clean fleet management strategy is a good way to move forward.
Executive Summary
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Maynilad involved representatives from different operational
units and departments in the process of inventory and
inventory system development. The involvement of these
different units has proven to be an effective way to identify
and resolve issues regarding the development of the
inventory. The “Green Team,” which handles the process for
preparing the GHG inventory management plan and the 2009
inventory report, was organized through a memorandum from
the President dated March 10, 2010.2
The key contacts for the project are:
FRANCISCO A. ARELLANO
Project Head
SAVP - Environment Management and IMS
ENRIQUE G. DE GUZMAN
Deputy Project Head
Head, Integrated Management System
The members of the Maynilad Green Team are listed in the table
below:
Table 1. Green Team Members and Secretariat
Name Unit/ Department
Xandra Mae Borais Sewerage and Sanitation
Abigail Corazon R. Atienza Sewerage and Sanitation
Freda P. Boleyley Water Network
Nathaniel P. Gueco Water Network
Pamela Maye C. Andres Water Production
Romer S. Jumawan Water Production
Grace A. Laguardia Fleet and Premises Management
Joseph R. Revatoris Commonwealth- Fairview BA
Orlando T. Tabula Cavite BA
Secretariat:
Cristina G. Talanay Environment Management & IMS
Vilma S. Cembrano Environment Management & IMS
Richard B. Garcia Environment Management & IMS
Aden Angelo G. Manalo Environment Management & IMS
Rex Lucius D. Dueñas Environment Management & IMS
Figure 1: Members of the Maynilad Green Team
2 See Annex 2 for the memorandum
The Green Team
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The team is composed of representatives from the following operational units and departments:
Table 2. Contact details of Green Team Members and Secretariat
Name Unit/ Department Phone Email
Xandra Mae Borais Sewerage and Sanitation 981-3401 & 02
0927-2556811
Abigail Corazon R.
Atienza
Sewerage and Sanitation 981-3405
0905-3024829
Freda P. Boleyley Water Network 526-6084
0909-4259903
Nathaniel P. Gueco Water Network 430-7445 [email protected]
Pamela Maye C. Andres Water Production 430-7324 ext. 114
0928-5012613
ph
Romer S. Jumawan Water Production 862-6268
0906-6200276
Grace A. Laguardia Fleet and Premises Management 981-3363 & 64
0928-5012189
Joseph R. Revatoris Commonwealth- Fairview BA 931-1607
0928-5009951
Orlando T. Tabula Cavite BA 0928-5039896 [email protected]
Secretariat:
Cristina G. Talanay Environment Management & IMS 981-3484 & 85
0908-6201079
Vilma S. Cembrano Environment Management & IMS 981-3484
0920-9183212
Richard B. Garcia Environment Management & IMS 981-3481 & 84
0908-6111430
Aden Angelo G. Manalo Environment Management & IMS 981-3481 & 84
0915-6282425
Rex Lucius D. Dueñas Environment Management & IMS 981-3484 & 85 [email protected]
Table 3. Other Resource Persons
Name Unit/ Department Phone Email
Rodelio S. David Water Network 0928-5518204 [email protected],
Lolita M. Lota Finance 0981-3310
0928-5023598
Anna Liza P. Porciuncula CHCOD 981-3347 or 48
0928-5012154
Eduardo G. Macabali Cavite BA 0928-5012162 [email protected]
Gilbert Webb Fleet and Premises Management 981-3363 & 64 [email protected]
The Green Team
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Background
The acceleration of climate change is caused by the increasing GHG concentrations which cause a rise in the
Earth’s temperature, thus increasing its climate variability. Human activities generate GHG emissions, mostly
through energy use by industry, transport and households that is generated from burning of coal, oil and gas.
The response to climate change will be unique to each company and industry sector based on the differing risks
and opportunities confronting them. GHG accounting is one strategy that companies in the developed and
developing world are increasingly adopting.The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard has
greatly contributed to the establishment of GHG accounting systems by corporations.3 In the Philippines, there are
still only a few companies who have established their GHG accounting systems.
While such systems are limited to measuring GHG emissions there is great potential for these systems to include
air emissions. Air pollution is an important local issue for companies, as it can impact the image of the company as
it negatively impacts the health of the citizenry. The World Health Organization estimates that more than half a
million people die prematurely in Asia every year because of air pollution. Air pollution also contributes to other
environmental problems such as acidification and eutrophication.4
As concerns for mitigating climate change and air pollution increases globally and locally, Maynilad recognizes that
the first step in managing its emissions is to establish an integrated GHG and air pollutant emissions accounting
system. For this purpose, a project called “Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory and
Accounting for Maynilad” was implemented in partnership with the PBE and the CAI-Asia Center.
Objectives
The main objectives of the project are the following:
• Development of a GHG and air pollutant inventory management plan in order to create a blue print for
the process of inventory development and make the exercise sustainable in the future
• Compute for the baseline GHG and air emissions by developing customized GHG and air pollutant
emission calculation tools which would cover significant emission sources from Maynilad’s operations
• Recommend ways on how the inventory process can be improved in the future, as well as how Maynilad
can move towards reducing its emissions
The following are the specific objectives of Maynilad in undertaking the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Air Emissions
Inventory Development Project:
• To establish the 2009 emissions inventory, as base year, that would represent a true and fair account of
GHG and air pollutant emissions through the use of standardized approaches and principles
• To account for GHG and air pollutant emissions annually
3 Developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resource Institute (WRI) in collaboration with
corporations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other institutions, it provides a step-by-step guide for companies to use in
quantifying and reporting their GHG emissions. www.ghgprotocol.org 4 Acidification occurs when excessive amounts of sulphuric and nitric acid – which are formed from sulphur and NOx emissions released in the
atmosphere – are deposited into the environment. Eutrophication, also called “nutrient pollution”, is caused partly by NOx emissions.
The Project
11 | P a g e
• To minimize and manage the adverse impacts of our operations on the environment by optimizing the use
of our resources, reducing the generation of waste and controlling the emission of pollutants to air, water
and land
• To provide the company with information that can be used to yield an effective corporate environment
strategy or program to manage and reduce these emissions and possibly participate in the carbon market
• To foster awareness of employees on environmental protection, particularly with respect to water
resources and enhance employee participation in company environmental programs
• To complement the company’s integrated management system particularly ISO 14001 (Environment
Management System)
• To reduce environmental risks
• To enhance the company’s environmental and sustainability performance
• To strengthen corporate social responsibility adherence
• To generate cost savings
Maynilad also intends to register its GHG inventory and/or obtain verification from an international certification
body. And in the future, apply for carbon credits from the international market for the emission reductions that
can be achieved.
Working Sessions
A planning session was held at the beginning of the project and several working sessions were held with the
members of Maynilad’s Green Team and the consultants from PBE and CAI-Asia over a period of four months. The
initial sessions focused on developing the Inventory Management Plan that would serve as a guide for developing
the GHG and air pollutant accounting system. In between the working sessions, revisions to the IMP, as well as the
actual data collection and computation of the 2009 GHG and air pollutant emissions inventory were done.
The schedule of the meetings is detailed in the table below:
Table 4. Schedule of Working Sessions
Meeting Date
Planning meeting March 16, 2010
1st
working session March 30, 2010
2nd
working session April 2, 2010
3rd
and 4th
working session May 7, 2010
5th
working session June 10, 2010
6th
working session June 22, 2010
The main activities done under the development of the inventory management plan as well as in the computation
of the baseline emissions for Maynilad are detailed in the subsequent sections. The details of the 2009 baseline
emissions and the recommendations on how Maynilad can move forward in emissions management are also
discussed.
The Project
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The preparation of an Inventory Management Plan (IMP) is essential for the sustainability of the inventory process.
It lays out the details of the inventory such as the boundaries, calculation methodologies, data management
process flows, management roles, auditing and verification and other important details. It is the blueprint of the
inventory and would serve as a guide for anyone who would want to understand the details of Maynilad’s GHG
and air pollutant inventory.
Report Format
Maynilad’s GHG report was prepared in accordance with the content requirements of the ISO 14064-1. The
Inventory Management Plan, however,was based on the standard format that the World Resources Institute is
promoting.For the details of the items that are discussed below, please refer to the final version of the IMP.
The Project
Setting the Organizational and Operational Boundaries
Defining the organizational and operational boundaries is critical in developing a GHG and air pollutant inventory
of a company. Organizational boundaries
relationships among the parties involved
operations of the company it emits
meetings in order to properly set the boundaries for the
Organizational Boundaries
Maynilad has adopted the use of the operational control approach for
means that Maynilad shall account for emissions from sources
Figure 2
Operational Boundaries
The representatives of these groups were tasked to identify the emiss
exercise was facilitated by CAI-Asia and P
groups. The Green Team produced detailed lists of emission sources within the operations of Maynilad which
served as bases for the collection of the necessary information that were needed
emissions.
In order to be consistent with the global standard on GHG accounting, the GHG Protocol, the GHG and air pollutant
emissions are classified into the following scopes:
Scope 1: Direct emissions
Maynilad’s scope 1 emissions are emissions that are from the sources that it controls operationally. The main
sources of direct emissions in Maynilad’s operations are the company
equipment such as forklifts, water pumps, generator sets and grass cutters are also
Process emissions from the wastewater treatment systems and biosolids are also includ
Scope 2: Indirect emissions
Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of the electricity that is consumed by the company.
Scope 3: Other indirect emissions
Scope 3 emissions refer to emissions generated by activities which are not oper
but are considered important to their operations (e.g. activities of contractors, business travel and employee
commute). For Maynilad’s inventory,
available.
Setting the Boundaries
Organizational and Operational Boundaries
Defining the organizational and operational boundaries is critical in developing a GHG and air pollutant inventory
of a company. Organizational boundaries pertain to boundaries defined by the organizational structures
s involved. Operational boundaries are set to distinguish which emissions from the
it emits directly and indirectly. Detailed scoping exercises were done during the initial
meetings in order to properly set the boundaries for the inventory.
Organizational Boundaries
Maynilad has adopted the use of the operational control approach for defining its organizational boundaries
means that Maynilad shall account for emissions from sources that it controls operationally.
A company directly accounts for GHG emissions from operations
according to its share of equity in the operation
A company directly accounts for 100 percent of the GHG emissions
from operations over which it has control. Control can be defined
in either financial or operational terms.
ure 2. Approaches for Defining Organizational Boundaries
Operational Boundaries
The representatives of these groups were tasked to identify the emission sources of their groups. A scoping
Asia and PBE in order to identify the sources of the emissions for each of the
groups. The Green Team produced detailed lists of emission sources within the operations of Maynilad which
served as bases for the collection of the necessary information that were needed for the calculation of the 2009
In order to be consistent with the global standard on GHG accounting, the GHG Protocol, the GHG and air pollutant
emissions are classified into the following scopes:
Scope 1: Direct emissions
missions are emissions that are from the sources that it controls operationally. The main
sources of direct emissions in Maynilad’s operations are the company-owned vehicles.
equipment such as forklifts, water pumps, generator sets and grass cutters are also considered
Process emissions from the wastewater treatment systems and biosolids are also included in this scope.
Scope 2: Indirect emissions from Purchased Electricity
Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of the electricity that is consumed by the company.
Scope 3: Other indirect emissions
Scope 3 emissions refer to emissions generated by activities which are not operationally controlled by Maynilad
but are considered important to their operations (e.g. activities of contractors, business travel and employee
For Maynilad’s inventory, Scope 3 emissions from different activities are included where reliable data
Setting the Boundaries
13 | P a g e
Defining the organizational and operational boundaries is critical in developing a GHG and air pollutant inventory
pertain to boundaries defined by the organizational structures and the
Operational boundaries are set to distinguish which emissions from the
Detailed scoping exercises were done during the initial
defining its organizational boundaries. This
that it controls operationally.
accounts for GHG emissions from operations
according to its share of equity in the operation
accounts for 100 percent of the GHG emissions
from operations over which it has control. Control can be defined
ion sources of their groups. A scoping
BE in order to identify the sources of the emissions for each of the
groups. The Green Team produced detailed lists of emission sources within the operations of Maynilad which
for the calculation of the 2009
In order to be consistent with the global standard on GHG accounting, the GHG Protocol, the GHG and air pollutant
missions are emissions that are from the sources that it controls operationally. The main
owned vehicles. Emissions from other
considered scope 1 emissions.
ed in this scope.
Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of the electricity that is consumed by the company.
ationally controlled by Maynilad
but are considered important to their operations (e.g. activities of contractors, business travel and employee
are included where reliable data is
14 | P a g e
The table below lays out the emissions that are covered by Maynilad’s GHG and air pollutant inventory for the
most notable emission sources in its operations.
Table 5. List of Emissions by Major Sources in Maynilad
Activity/Equipment Greenhouse Gases Air Pollutants
CO2 CH4 N2O PM CO VOC SOx NOx
Electricity consumption � � � � � � � �
Vehicles � � � � � � � �
Internal Combustion Engines
(Equipment)
� � � � � � � �
Wastewater treatment process-related
emissions
� �
Business Flights5 � � � � �
Box 1. Emissions Inventory Groupings in Maynilad
In order to be consistent with the operational accounting practices of Maynilad, the emission
sources were categorized into the following groupings.
Corporate
Balara Head Office, Fleet and Motor Pool, Central Non-Revenue Water
(CNRW), Socea Bonna and Balara Warehouses.6(Annex 3.1)
Business Areas
16 Business Area offices of Maynilad.6 (Annex 3.2)
Water Network
Reservoirs, pumping stations, mini boosters, mini boosters, deep well stations,
on-line boosters, telemetry equipment and other special equipment (Annex
3.3)
Water Production
La Mesa Water Treatment Plants 1 & 2, Putatan Water Treatment Plant,
Common Purpose Facilities (CPF) such as Ipo Dam and Bicti Desilting Basin.7
(Annex 3.4)
Sewerage and Sanitation
Dagat-Dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant, Alabang Sewage
Treatment Plant, Tondo Sewage Pumping Plant, Project 7 Imhoff Tank, 7 lift
stations and 4 communal septic tanks. (Annex 3.5)
5 Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are included in the calculations as the emission factors are available.
6Satellite warehouses are included in the corresponding business areas
7This also takes into account the Central Laboratory and Meter Laboratory
Setting the Boundaries
15 | P a g e
Selection and Establishment of Base Year
Base year selection is important in enabling companies to consistently compare their emissions over time. Since
there is no sufficient information for the calculation of historical GHG emissions, the 2009 being the first inventory
was selected by Maynilad as the base year for emissions accounting. This is also in consideration of the effects of
the transition and re-organization within the company which took place in 2008.8
Reporting Period
The quantification of base year will be on a single-year data, where period coverage is from January 1 to December
31, 2009, except for vehicle fuel consumption data (Scope 1) where the reckoning period is from December 1, 2008
to November 30, 2009. Our vehicles are provided with fleet cards or prepaid cards. Our service provider for fuel,
Chevron, normally bills the company after a month but there is no specific date of the month when this bill comes
in. As such, we decided to use December 1, 2008 up to November 30, 2009, for our emissions for vehicles to
account for the annual emissions.
Maynilad intends to continue and make this GHG and air emissions accounting on a regular basis annually and
subsequently establish their own database.
The selection of base year and its reporting period was developed consistent with the provisions of ISO 14064-1,
clause 5.3.1
Recalculation of Base Year Emissions
Structural Changes In the event of an acquisition or subsequent divestiture, the base year and subsequent years will be adjusted to
include or exclude the applicable emissions from each acquisition or divestiture, respectively. If the acquisition or
divestiture did not exist in the base years, the base years emissions will not be recalculated and adjustments to the
inventory will be made as far back as the data is available.
Methodology Changes If any changes to emission factors or calculation methodologies were found to result in significant differences,
adjustments will be made to the calculations for the years affected. Likewise, a base year adjustment will be made
if changes in calculations for the corresponding time frame or improvements in data accuracy lead to significant
differences in emissions. If the change is not significant that is not more than 5% or the data is not available for all
past years, the new methodology or calculation will be addressed in the report without recalculation to enhance
transparency.
8 See the “About Maynilad” section for details.
Reporting Period and Base Year
16 | P a g e
Introduction The 2009 GHG and air pollutant emissions inventory of Maynilad was done concurrently with the development of
the inventory management plan. In effect, the guidelines that are laid out by the IMP were applied and tested in
coming up with the 2009 inventory.
Tools The calculation tools for data collection and emissions estimation are Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet tools
which were developed by CAI-Asia with support from PBE and subsequently modified to suit the needs of
Maynilad. The spreadsheet tools utilized globally-accepted methodologies and data (e.g. emission factors) from
sources such as the GHG Protocol, the AP-42 of the United States Environment Agency and the Clean Fleet
Management Toolkit of the United Nations Environment Programme.
Figure 3: Snapshot of the GHG and air pollutant estimation spreadsheet tools
Methodology The GHG and air pollutant emissions of Maynilad are estimated using the emission factor approach. Published
emission factors from globally-accepted emissions quantification tools and guidance materials are also used. The
basic formula used in the emission factor approach is:
A x EF x (1-ER/100) = E
Wherein:
A = activity data
EF = emission factor
ER = emission reduction efficiency9
E = emissions
9 Calculations for the emissions of the equipment assume that there are no emissions control installed due to the lack of information and to be
able to achieve conservativeness in the calculations.
Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
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The activity data is the measure of extent of the activities which emit emissions. An emission factor is a
representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released into the atmosphere with an
activity associated with the release of the pollutant. Ideally, emission factors applied are those specific for the fuel
used (based on analysis of e.g. fuel oil) or the equipment (based emission analysis of e.g. boilers), provided
analyses are conducted frequently enough to reflect the variability of emissions over time. The details of the
calculation methodologies can be found in the IMP.
Emissions for 2009 Maynilad’s 2009 GHGs and air pollutant emissions are detailed below.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Scope 1 and 2 Emissions
The total GHG emissions10
of Maynilad in 2009 are 30,214 tons of Carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). The direct
emissions comprise 9.8% (2,975 tCO2e) while indirect emissions from purchased electricity are 90.2% of the total
(27,239 tCO2e).
Figure 4: 2009 GHG Emissions from Maynilad (tCO2e and %)11
10
Scope 1 and 2. 11
Figure Includes CO2, CH4 and N2O. CH4 and N2O are multiplied by their corresponding global warming potentials (GWP) to convert them into
CO2 equivalents.
Scope 2 Electricity
Sub-total
27,238.96
90%
Scope 1 Vehicles
1,886.17
6%
Scope 1 Internal
Combustion
Engines
(Equipment)
520.48
2%
Scope 1 Others
568.55
2%
In 2009, Maynilad released 30,214 tons of CO2e.
For every liter of water produced, Maynilad emitted
0.0346 grams of CO2.
Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
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In terms of the types of GHG gases emitted, 97.70% of scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions are Carbon dioxide (29,518
tons). The other gases that are considered by the Kyoto Protocol (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) are not considered in the
inventory since these are specific to certain types of industries and are not relevant to the operations of Maynilad.
Scope 1
Scope 2
Figure 5: Types of GHG Emissions Released in 2009 (tCO2e and %)
Except for the business areas, indirect emissions from purchased electricity are higher than the direct emissions for
each grouping. 75.13% of the GHG emissions of Maynilad are Scope 2 emissions of the Water Network. The largest
contributor of the GHG emissions is the purchased electricity consumed at the La Mesa Booster Station, which
contributes 35.56% (10,743 tCO2e) to the total GHG emissions.
2,369.68,
80%
571.49,
19%
34.03 , 1%
CO2
CH4 (CO2e)
N2O(CO2e)
27,148.52,
99.67%
8.75 , 0.03%
81.69 , 0.30%
Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
19 | P a g e
Figure 6: GHG Emissions from the Different Groups (tCO2e)
Box 2. Scope 3GHG Emissions
Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions other than those from purchased electricity.
These are emissions from sources that are deemed important to the operations of the
company but are not owned or controlled by the company. Accounting and reporting of
Scope 3 emissions are optional. These are usually reported separately from the sum of
Scope 1 and 2 emissions.
The total Scope 3 emissions of Maynilad in 2009 are44.92 tCO2e, all of which come from
emissions from business travels.
Air Pollutant Emissions Maynilad’s air pollutant emissions are summarized in the table below. The company’s vehicles are the major
sources of air pollutant emissions (59% of particulate matter, 83% of Carbon monoxide and 84% of volatile organic
compounds). Purchased electricity is the main source of NOx (71%) and SOx (99.69%).
96.02
1,863.34
582.92
22,701.36
1,220.36 1,276.25
181.77
984.82 894.14 413.19
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 1 Scope 2
Water Production Water Network Sewerage and
Sanitation
Corporate Business Areas
ton
s C
O2
e Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
20 | P a g e
Table 6. 2009 Air Pollutant Emissions (tons)
PM Nox Sox CO VOC
Scope 1 2.29 31.92 1.58 49.51 14.60
Scope 2 0.92 79.39 512.16 6.96 1.78
Figure 7: 2009 Air Pollutant Emissions
The Scope 3 air pollutant emissions of Maynilad in 2009 are minute: NOx emissions are 68.19 kilos, CO emissions are 29.34
kilos.
Benchmarking Emissions with Other Water Utilities
There are two principal aspects in GHG accounting that are of interest - the absolute quantity of GHG emissions as
well as the value of the normalized emissions or the quantity of emissions relative to a measure of output.
Normalization of emissions is important as this allows for companies to:
• track their emissions performance over time
• compare their own emissions with similar business operations within the company
• and benchmark with other companies with similar businesses
Water utilities around the world normally use water production statistics or final billed volume as the factor for
normalizing their emissions. The table below benchmarks Maynilad emissions against other companies engaged in
water production and distribution. The differences from the figures may be attributed to differences in accounting
techniques (e.g. what sources are included), and operational characteristics such as geography and technology
(i.e., the level of difficulty in extracting water and the choice of technologies).
2.29 31.92
1.58
49.51 14.60
0.92
79.39
512.16
6.96 1.78
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
PM NOx SOx CO VOC
ton
s
Scope 1
Scope 2
Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
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Table 7. Benchmarking Maynilad emissions with other water distribution/utility companies worldwide12
Country Company GHG Emissions
(tCO2e)
Year Water Production
(million Liters
unless specified)
CO2/water
produced
(tCO2e/unit of
production)
UK Anglian 540,535 2008 438,000 1.23
New Zealand Metro Water 2,500 2008 46,000 0.05
Japan Kurita Group 22541 2009 - -
Philippines Manila Water 39,903 2008 387,00013
0.10
Australia Yarra Valley Water 10,000 2007 - -
South Africa Umgeni 68,382 2007 416,000 0.16
New Zealand Water Care 25,670 2009 131,000 0.20
Australia Gold Coast Water 86,308 2006 57,028 1.51
Australia Westernport
Water
4,490 2008 987 4.55
Philippines Maynilad 30,214 2009 873,237 0.0346
Philippines Maynilad 30,214 2009 350,20014
0.0863
From the table above, Maynilad has the lowest CO2 emissions intensity in per unit of water produced among the
different companies. However, due to the losses from the non-revenue water, the emissions efficiency of Maynilad
deteriorates if the losses from water distribution are accounted for. Using the billed volume in million cubic
meter(mcm) as the normalizing factor, the emissionns intensity of Maynilad becomes 0.0863 tons/ mcm.15
12 Sources: Anglian Water. Community and Environment Report 2009. ; Metro Water. Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2009.; Kurita
Group. Environment Report 2009. ; Manila Water. Sustainability Report 2008 ;Yarra Valley Water. Sustainability Report 2008/2009. ; Umgeni
Water. Annual Report 2008/2009.;Water Care Services Limited. 2009 Annual Report. ; Gold Coast Water. Sustainability Report 2007. 13
Billed volume, in million cubic meters 14
Billed volume, in million cubic meters 15
Equivalent to g/liter
Maynilad’s 2009 Emissions Inventory
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Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions The project was successful in achieving its objectives ofdeveloping a GHG and air pollutant emissions management
plan for Maynilad and setting the baseline (2009) GHG and air pollutant emissions inventory for Maynilad.
The project has also been helpful in identifying potential areas for generating emissions savings by improving
efficiencies in such areas as the booster station electric equipment, reducing electricity consumption in offices and
improving the efficiency of its vehicle fleet.
This project has served to be the first step towards implementing actual measures towards emissions reduction in
Maynilad.
Recommendations General recommendations for improving the GHG accounting and reporting process in Maynilad as well as possible
steps towards emissions reductions are given in this section.
On the Emissions Inventory Accounting and Reporting Process
Below are some of the recommendations for improving the succeeding GHG and air pollutant emissions
inventories of Maynilad:
• Diligently implement the inventory management plan
• Improve the accuracy of the vehicle fleet activity data by implementing measures that would
ensure that the fuel consumption and distance-driven data are complete and accurate.
• Include representatives from the Business Operations Division into the Green Team as suggested
by some of the current Green Team members. Initially, the Business Areas were represented by a
staff from one of these Business Areas. However, it is deemed important by the Green Team that
the Business Operations Division, as the overarching body covering the different Business Areas,
be involved in the Green Team.
• In terms of the scope of the inventory, it is recommended that Maynilad actively get the data
from its service providers (fleet and equipment) for the next round of GHG inventory.
• It is recommended that Maynilad includes and computes the emissions reduction that are
achieved by its existing initiatives ( e.g. current tree planting activities, emission reduction from
the displacement of chemical fertilizers with the biosolids produced by the treatment process) as
well as its future emission reduction activities.
On Reducing Emissions
The development of a company-wide roadmap towards reducing emissions is seen to be important. Although
Maynilad can embark on single measures towards emissions reduction, having a holistic program would be more
impactful and efficient. This report highlights the main areas where the potential for emissions reduction are high
and can be achieved through simple yet effective measures.
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Conclusions and Recommendations
Electricity Consumption
The biggest source of emissions for Maynilad is its consumption of purchased electricity from the grid. 83% of all
the electricity use in Maynilad comes from the Water Network. The La Mesa Booster Station alone consumed 35%
of the total electricity in Maynilad. It is a recommended that Maynilad looks at the efficiencies of its electric
equipment, particularly in the facilities which consumes the most electricity. The use of variable frequency drives
may be something worthwhile to look at, particularly in the La Mesa Booster Station.
Figure 8: Maynilad Electricity Consumptionin 2009 (kwh)
Reducing a minute percentage of the total electricity consumption in Maynilad can yield significant financial and
emissions savings. A 1% reduction in electricity consumption in Maynilad would result in savings of approximately
7.5 million Php16
and 280 tons of CO2.
Concentrating Maynilad’s efforts on the top consumers of electricity may be a more efficient way of realizing
potential savings. The ten biggest sources of electricity in Maynilad consumes 77% of its electricity. Reducing
electricity consumption by 1% in the top 10 sources can already result in approximately 5.8 million Php savingsand
less than 210 tons of CO2.
As equipment replacement and retrofitting in the operational facilities (e.g. booster stations) may be expensive
and take time, Maynilad can also look into simpler schemes to reduce electricity consumption particularly in office
buildings. The Balara Head Office plus the Business Area offices consumes 5% of the total electricity in Maynilad.
Targeting say, a 5% reduction (year-on-year) in electricity consumption in office buildings can be achieved by
implementing awareness raising as well as setting guidelines and/or rules on use of electrical equipment. Some
entities employ a time-of-use rules for certain electric appliances such as air conditioning or implement mandatory
turning off of computers before going home. Others focus on lighting and air conditioning and purchase more
energy efficient bulbs and/or replace old air conditioning units.
16
Electricity rates are assumed to be fixed at 12 Php/kwh.
943,207
2,248,130
2,913,384
4,252,230
51,822,014
0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000
Business Areas
Corporate
Sewerage and Sanitation
Water Production
Water Network La Mesa Booster Station
24 | P a g e
Conclusions and Recommendations
Also, Maynilad can look into the future and plan for the installation of renewable energy resources within its
facilities to assist in meeting its electricity demand. Solar panels, both for electricity and water heating are
becoming more viable these days.
Vehicle Fleet
The company vehicles of Maynilad are its main source of air pollutant emissions. Moving towards a cleaner fleet
will not only result in financial and emissions savings but improve the company’s image as well. A company’s
vehicles are moving images of the company, and are most visible to the public and its customers. A cleaner fleet
means a cleaner image for the company. A main recommendation for Maynilad is for it to develop and implement
a Clean Fleet Management Strategy. The use of the UNEP Clean Fleet Management Toolkit in order to select
measures and develop a company-wide strategy can be done. The emissions in the 2009 Maynilad emissions
inventory are calculated consistently with the said UNEP toolkit. Easy-to-implement measures such as eco-driving
and better vehicle maintenance can help a lot in terms of achieving a cleaner vehicle fleet.
Box 3: Business Areas Vehicle Fleets
The Business Area Group has the most number of
vehicles with 236 units. Most of which (185) are diesel
passenger cars. Financial and emissions savings can be
actualized if proper checks and balances are
implemented.
As brought up during the project meetings, some of the
business areas complain about the 30 liters/day fuel
withdrawal unit, saying that it’s too little. Simple
estimation tells us that 30 liters will already give 200-
300 kilometers in a given day for passenger vehicles,
enough to drive, say to Nueva Ecija, back and forth.
The average km/liter of the vehicles in the Business
Area Group is 4. 78 (units with actual fuel and distance
traveled data). There is much potential in terms of
improving the efficiency of the fleet, particularly the
passenger vehicles.
Reducing 5% in the fuel consumption of the vehicles
from the Business Area Groups can already save more
than half a million pesos and more than 40 tons of CO2.
Figure 9: Vehicle Fleet Statistics
10385
37
4 2 1
0
50
100
150
10 25 50 75 100 125km/day
49
88
61
25
4 2 2 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
ve
hic
le n
um
be
rs
liters consumed/day
60
36
87
227 1 3
0
50
100
2 4 6 8 10 12More than 12
km/liter
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Annex 1 - Maynilad’s Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy
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Annex 2 - Maynilad’s Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy
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Annex 3: Emission Summary Tables
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Summary
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Water Network
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Sewerage and Sanitation
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Water Production
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Business Areas
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Corporate
