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Overview ofdouble crystal
monochromators at SPring‐8 / SACLA
Haruhiko [email protected]
JASRI / RIKEN SPring-8
13‐14 May 2014 Double Crystal Monochromator Workshop
@ESRF ,H. Ohashi (SPring‐8)
Heat load
Highrepetition
rate
～500W/mm2
Pulsednature
Shot-to-shotfluctuation
Coherence
The significant properties of x‐rays
These properties impose DCM on the requirements.
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Heat load
Stability
～500W/mm2
Contamination free
Stability
Specklefree
The key requirements of DCM
Contents
1. DCM at SPring‐8 X‐ray monochromators
at SPring‐8
Cooling of crystals for standard ID BLs at SPring‐8
Stability improvement on SPring‐8 Standard DCM
2. DCM at SACLA3.
Challenges on DCM for the next generation light
source
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H. Yamazaki, Y. Senba, H. Yumoto, T. Koyama, T. Takeuchi, H.
Kishimoto, T. Miura, Y. Matsuzaki, M. Tanaka, Y. ShimizuS. Goto, M.
Yabashi and T. Ishikawa
(JASRI/RIKEN SPring-8)
Collaborators13‐14 May 2014 DCM Workshop
@ESRF ,H. Ohashi (SPring‐8)
No of BLsHard x‐ray BLs
for user applications 47
Soft x‐ray BLs 5Others 5
Total No of BLs in operation 57
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Hard x‐ray monochromator
No of BLsSPring‐8 Standard DCM (SSDM)
36
Compact Monochromator 3Other DCM 3
Single Crystal Monochromator 4No monochromator
3
SPring‐8 Standard DCM Wider range DCM
Compact MonochromatorθB + 2 translation θ1 + translation + θ2
θB
Offset h = 30mm, θB = 3～27°
Offset h = 100mm, θB = 5.7～72°
Offset h = 3mm, θB = 4～40° (～40°/sec)
4.4～36 keV Si(111) 2.2～20 keV Si(111) 4～28 keV
Si(111)
-stage
Translation stage
1st crystal
2nd crystal
-stage
y
h
Channel cut
X‐ray monochromators at SPring‐8
Quick scan
Low energy
36BLs
3 BLs2 BLsby courtesy of Y. Katsuya
by courtesy of T. Nonaka
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SPring‐8 Standard DCM (SSDM)
The center of rotation ( θB )
on 2nd crystal2nd crystal NOT translated →
NO pitch errors
Translation of 1st crystal on the θB
stageSlight rotation of 1st crystal →
Energy defined by θB
Fixed exit beam →
control Y1 & Z1
Offset h
Y1 θB
O
A B
Z1
1st crystal
2nd crystal
θB θB
Exit beam B
hYsin2
AB1 B
hZcos2
OB1
a rotation ( θB ) + two translation ( Y1 + Z1 )
CAM mechanics type Numerical control type
→ Yamazaki
Diamond Pin‐post Si Si
Indirect water cooling Direct water cooling
Indirect LN2 cooling
Symmetry reflection Rotated inclined
Symmetry reflection
～ 300 W ～ 300 W ～ 500 W
Cooling system of crystals for std‐ID BLs
These cooling system can be installed in SSDM.
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Diamond (direct water cooling)
1st crystal
Challenges :Narrow band width Quailty
of crystalDamage of crystal
Pin‐post Si (direct water cooling )
1st crystal
16 axes
Challenges :Not easy alignment Availability of pin‐post SiDamage of crystal
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Intensity
(a.u.)
Spectrum
(a.u.)
Chiller and vac. pumps are temporarily turned off.
Spectrum
(a.u.)
Intensity
(a.u.)
Early type Background
Pin‐post Si (direct water cooling )Intensity
(a.u.)
Spectrum
(a.u.)
Chiller and vac. pumps are temporarily turned off.
Intensity
(a.u.)
Spectrum
(a.u.)
Spectrum
(a.u.)
Intensity
(a.u.)
Before After Background
Pin‐post Si (direct water cooling )To stabilize x‐rays :
accumulators to reduce pulsation from chiller polyurethane tubes to
smooth water flow radiation shield to stabilize temperature of
stages ・・・
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2
2005
Indirect Water DiamondDirect Water Si(pin‐post)Indirect LN2
Si10 BLs6
Cooling system of DCM on std‐ID BLs
2
2014
24 BLs2005
Indirect Water DiamondDirect Water Si(pin‐post)Indirect LN2
Si10 BLs6
Cooling system of DCM on std‐ID BLs
The bonding technique has been maintained at another company in Japan.
SSDM 20Others 4
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New Stable SSDM with LN2 cooling for std‐ID BLs
Turbulence suppressing flexible tube for LN2
Precise temp. controlof 1st & 2nd crystals
2nd crystal
1st crystal
X-ray
Radiation shield
Thermal Isolation
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
9L/min 8L/min 7L/min 6L/min 5L/min
Verti
cal a
ccel
erat
ion
on th
e ce
nter
of t
ube
(m/s
2 )
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Ver
tical
acc
eler
atio
n on
the
cent
er o
f tub
e (m
/s2 )
100sec
9L/min 8L/min 7L/min 6L/min 5L/min
Acceleration on the tube
Standard
Mesh
Clear Flow Flex™
Turbulent flow
Laminarflow
Inside tube
Mesh covers the waviness
The vibration is reduced for all flow rate.
Turbulent suppressing flexibule
tube “Clear Flow Flex”
Clear Flow Flex : patent‐pending
RIKEN, JASRI, ORK
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New stable SSDM with LN2 cooling for std‐ID BLs
Angular fluctuation between the crystals : 1” → 0.15”
Intensity fluctuation of 1 Å x-rays : 5% → 2%
0 50 100 150 200Time [s]
Intensity
(arb. u
nit) Before After
1”
5.3%
0.15”
2.0%
0 50 100 150 200Time [s]
Yellow : average time 100 ms
After upgrading LN2‐DCM
1kHz sampling
Upgrade of SSDM with LN2to provide stable x-rays
2010 BL37XU, 39XU2011 BL13XU2012
BL29XU‐L, 41XU, 46XU, 32XU, 05SS2013
BL09XU, 10XU, 19LXU, 44XU
Newly installed KB mirror, newly installed LN2 system
13
SSDMs have been upgraded by 2013FY.
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Heat load
Stability
～500W/mm2
Contamination free
Stability
Specklefree
The key requirements of DCM
Optical design Use of large (90mm) Si
with small offset (20mm)
3 axes in UHV
DCM for SACLA : Conceptual design
Contamination‐free condition &
High stability→ UHV &
Limited No. of axes and range
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New design of stages using flexure hinges
1st crystal
Water
2nd crystal
Actuator of ⊿θ
Actuator of ⊿Z
Actuator of Ty
⊿θ
⊿Z
Ty
Si crystal in this case
Δθ
Piezo Liner Actuator10nm 0.1 μrad
XFEL
XFEL
DCM for SACLA : Axes in vacuum
Contamination‐free condition &
High stability→ UHV &
Limited No. of axes and range
High precise and high stabe stage
Resolution
Stability
0 10 20 30 40 500.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
Ang
le o
f
(ra
d)
Elapsed time (sec)
0.1μrad
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
Angl
e of
(ra
d)
Elapsed time (sec)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
Elapsed time (hr)
Ang
le o
f
(ra
d) 0.1μrad/0.5hr
Moved from ‐1mrad
Requirements of Δθ» Resolution
0.1 μrad » Range
±0.5 deg» Stability
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Standard DCM of SACLA
Installed in BL2 and BL3The DCM works to tuning the center axis form each ID as well as user applications
Heat load～500W/mm2
Stability～10 nrad
Monochromator, Environment
Mirror, Window, Crystal
Mirror manipulator
Coherencespeckle free
Contamination free
BL opticsfor
NGLS
Towards NGLS
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Fabienne Mengoni, Raymond Barrettand organizing committee
Acknowledgement
Thank you for your kind attention!
ご清聴ありがとうございました！
