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May 4/7, 2012May 4/7, 2012
Hook ObjectiveInfographic textbook page 196 – answer on page 93 of notebook
TSW review the early Republic through Reconstruction
Homework AgendaStudy for quiz! 1.Quiz: VUS.2-5
2.Notes: Republic to Reconstruction
3.Civil War Review Activity
New RepublicNew Republic (VUS.5e, (VUS.5e, 6a)6a)
First Political Parties were result of different ideas about economic and foreign policies during the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams
Major issues = Jay Treaty, Bank of the United States, conflict with France
First Political PartiesFirst Political Parties
Federalists Democratic-Republicans
Led by John Adams & Alexander Hamilton
Strong national Government
Commercial economy
Supported by Business in the North
Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Weak national Government
Agricultural economy
Supported by Farmers, and frontier settlers in the South
Election of 1800Election of 1800
Election of 1800: won by Thomas Jefferson ◦1st Peaceful transfer of Power between Political Parties
Key Supreme Court Key Supreme Court DecisionsDecisions:: Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review), McCulloch v. Maryland (Implied Powers) and Gibbons v. Ogden (national view of the economy) – Chief Justice John Marshall (VA);
result: Supreme Court became an equal branch of government
Westward Expansion Westward Expansion (VUS.6c)(VUS.6c)Manifest Destiny – US has the
right to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific ◦Americans moved west looking for
land to farm using railroads and canals
◦Eli Whitney and the cotton gin led to “cotton kingdom” in deep South
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
Oregon
claim from Louisiana
War of 1812 Purchase
From France; Mexican explored by Cession Lewis &Clark & From Mexican Sacajawea War (1848) (1803)
TexasAnnexed
(1845)
Florida (1819) Treaty with Spain
Jackson’s Presidency Jackson’s Presidency (VUS.6d)(VUS.6d)Age of the Common Manmore white men can vote and
they do!New Political Parties: Federalists
disappeared, Whigs and Know-Nothings were organized
Jackson’s PresidencyJackson’s PresidencyUsed “Spoils System” – gave
government jobs to supportersNullification Crisis: South
Carolina refused to pay the Tariff of 1832 – Jackson threatened to send troops to collect it
Forced the American Indians to move west (“Trail of Tears”)
Women’s rights Women’s rights movement: movement: Seneca Falls Declaration by Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth C. Stanton
Compromises over the Compromises over the westward expansion of westward expansion of slaveryslavery
to balance power in Congress◦ Missouri
Compromise◦ Compromise of
1850◦ Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820) – (1820) –
drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase, North of line = Free; South of the line = Slave
Compromise of 1850 – Compromise of 1850 –
California became Free state and Utah and New Mexico territories could choose to be slave or free; included a Fugitive Slave Law (required Escaped slaves to be Returned)
Kansas-Nebraska Act of Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 – 1854 –
Kansas and Nebraska would have “popular sovereignty”; led to bloody fighting in Kansas and the development of the Republican Party to oppose the spread of slavery
Causes of the Civil War Causes of the Civil War (VUS.7a)(VUS.7a)See “Sectional Tensions” section
above! Dred Scott decision, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin, weak presidents in 1850s, Lincoln’s call for troops in 1861
Events of the Civil War Events of the Civil War (VUS.7b, c) (VUS.7b, c) Election of LElection of Lincolnincoln (1860) led to (1860) led to
secession of Ssecession of Southernouthern S Statestates; R; Robertobert E. LE. Leeee becomes C becomes Confederateonfederate general general
First shots at Ft. SFirst shots at Ft. Sumterumter; Union victory ; Union victory at Aat Antietamntietam led to E led to Emancipationmancipation PProclamationroclamation (freed slaves in (freed slaves in rrebellingebelling states; made d states; made destructionestruction of of slavery a Northern war aim); Fslavery a Northern war aim); Frederick rederick DDouglassouglass convinced Abraham Lincoln convinced Abraham Lincoln to recruit Ato recruit Africanfrican A Americansmericans into the into the UUnionnion Army Army
GGettysburgettysburg = turning point = turning point (G(Gettysburgettysburg Address) Address)
Impact of the War Impact of the War (VUS.7e)(VUS.7e)
All Americans affected by the war – ◦Women: new roles on farms, as nurses, in factories
◦Common Soldiers: brutal fighting, lonely; many wounded
◦African Americans: Free but not equal, joined Union army
End of the WarEnd of the WarLee surrendered to Union Lee surrendered to Union
general Ugeneral Ulysseslysses S. Grant at S. Grant at AAppomattoxppomattox & ended the Civil & ended the Civil WarWar
Lincoln wanted to have “mLincoln wanted to have “malicealice towards ntowards noneone” during ” during RReconstructioneconstruction, but he was , but he was aassassinatedssassinated and the R and the Radicaladical Republicans made Republicans made Reconstruction more harsh Reconstruction more harsh
Reconstruction (VUS.7d)Reconstruction (VUS.7d)Civil War Amendments:
◦13th – abolish slavery ◦14th – citizenship and equal
protection under the law◦15th – voting for African American
men
FREE CITIZENS VOTE13 14 15
End of Reconstruction – End of Reconstruction – Compromise of 1877 – followed
election of 1876; Republicans agree to end the military occupation of the South and Southern Democrats support Republicans in electoral college
Jim Crow era began – long period in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship.
Results of Civil War and Results of Civil War and Reconstruction Reconstruction
Regions Leaders
North = growing Industrial Economy;
South = Devastated agricultural economy
Robert E. Lee = President of Washington College;
Ulysses S. Grant = President of the United States;
Frederick Douglass = ambassador to Haiti