_B© - 2014ISSN 2231-3079

Lokeh] izdk'kd] eqæd ,oa laiknd v#.k d÷ekj >k }kjk lqHkk"k fiazfVax izsl] xkM+h[kkuk pkSd] gjew jksM]jk¡ph&1 ls eqfær ,oa ts-,Q- 8@9] gjew vkoklh; dkWyksuh] jk¡ph- 834002] ls izdkf'kr ,oa laikfnr-

laikndh; ijke'khZMkW0 ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh]

fxjh'k iadt] fot; jatuiz/ku lEiknd

v#.k dqekj >kizca/ laikndikoZrh flag

dk;Zdkjh laikndfou; dqekj feJeq[; mi laikndjktho vkuUnmi laiknd

MkW- iwf.kZek dqekjhlgk;d laikndjru tkyku

izca/ueerk >kfnYyh C;wjks

dqekj vfouk'kfcgkj C;wjks

uoy fd'kksj dqekjgtkjhckx

MkW0 lquhy deyNk;kdkjtkosn

fo'ks"k lg;ksxh Hkksyk flag] ,e-,l- Hkkjrh]

dqekj vuqjkx(lHkh voSrfud)

df© : 10, A§H : 105, _B © - 2014 RNI- JHAHIN/2005/170441

1 vPNs fnu vkus okys gSa! v#.k d÷ekj >k 32 fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j jktho vkuUn 53 izseh&izsfedk o'khdj.k ea=k MkW0 tkfdj vyh ^jtuh'k* 64 izÑfr dk vueksy migkj ^e[kkuk* ---------------------- 75 Hkkxor] Hkktik vkSj eksnh lat; f}osnh 86 pkSng lky esa fy[kk Nm uR; ij xazFk lat; Ñ".k 107 >kj[kaM ds eq[; lfpo@iqfyl egkfuns'kd ---------------------- 118 vki fdl ikfdLrku ls ckr djuk--- lat; frokjh 129 'kksly ehfM;k dk cgq:fi;k lalkj joh'k d÷ekj 1410 xty vkuUn ikBd 1611 thou la?k"kZ lrh'k jkt iq"dj.kk 1712 mnkl ixMafM;k¡ ik¡o ds Nkyksa ls--- f=kiqjkfj 'kj.k JhokLro 1713 lges gq, LVs'ku utek vkdckuh eksHk 1714 eksrhyky Mkse ls ,d eqykdkr vo/fogkjh 1815 nqjkpkjh iq=k gfjyky dh djrwr jktho vkuUn 1916 dydy Mkbu fxfj/kjh jke xkSa>w ^fxfjjkt* 2017 ckyetnwjh ns'k ds fy, vfHk'kki lkSfe=k eksgu 2218 etnwj fnol D;k ;kn fnykrk gS\ vk'kh"k of'k"B 2419 yhykorh ltu QkmaMs'ku dk----- ---------------------- 2520 nqfu;k ds etnwj ,d gks dh yydkj v'kksd d÷ekj 2621 vk/qfud ,dkadh dk jpuk&fo/ku MkW0 jkes'oj lkgq 2722 johUæukFk dh dforkvksa esa vkè;kfRed--- MkW0 Hkkjrh f}osnh 2823 etnwj lat; d÷ekj fxfj 2924 izrhd dk Lo:i larks"k d÷ekj 3025 HkfDr dkO; esa ukjh lqfprk ckM+k 3226 vfHkeU;q vur ds miU;klksa esa--- Ìf"kjkt frokjh 3427 cky etnwj vkSj gekjh fu;fr jatu ;kno 3528 Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ij fo'o;qð dk---- jf'e fxyqok 3629 ukxiqjh dfork esa ukjh fp=k.k eks0 v;kt gqlSu valkjh 3830 16oha yksdlHkk thr dj--- fou; feJ 3931 gks tutkfr dk izoztu---- MkW0 ljLorh xkxjkbZ 4032 eS=ks;h iq"ik dh dgkfu;ksa esa--- viZ.kk d÷ekjh 4233 ngst nhid d÷ekj pkS/jh 4334 larky yksd&thou esa tUe laLdkj xqenk ekMhZ 4435 'kjn tks'kh vius le; ds vuwBs--- jktho vkuUn 4536 gks Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl t; fd'kksj eaxy 4637 eq.Mkvksa esa fo}kuksa ds /kfeZd fopkj 'kkafr ukx 4838 eq.Mk lkfgR; esa ljtkse tqju flag ekudh 5039 O;aX; O;fDrRo dk --- ^dSyk'kifr* gjsjke f=kikBh ^psru* 5240 lqé iM+rs le; esa--- ^iqdkj* jktho vkuUn 5341 Hkkjr nqnZ'kk u nsf[k tkbZ! ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh 54

jpuk&Øe

varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa dk cgqvk;keh 'kks/ fgUnh ekfldX¥{îQnmV

laikndh; dk;kZy;ts-,Q- 8@9] gjew vkoklh; dkWyksuh]

jk¡ph &834002]nwjHkk"k% 0651&2240194

eks0 09031975537@ 09471760495 web-www.drishtipat.com, Email-wgmrak@gmail.com,drishtipat@sify.com, drishtipathindi@gmail.com,

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ISSN 2231-3079

_B© - 2014

lksygoha yksdlHkk pquko laié gqvkA ifj.kke Hkh vk x;sA lksygoha yksdlHkk pquko,sfrgkfld jgkA ,sfrgkfld bl ek;us esa fd fdlh ,d vkneh us vius ne ij ikVhZ dks ,sfrgkfldthr fnykbZA ;g foy{k.k izfrHkk dk |ksrd gSA bl pquko esa ftl izdkj ls ,d O;fDr us tkfr]HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn] oxZokn] d÷N gn rd /eZokn ls gV dj pquko vfHk;ku dks pyk;k] ;g viusvki esa vuwBk FkkA vuwBk bl ek;us esa fd ftl izdkj ls enkjh HkhM+ tqVk dj xaMs&rkcht csprk gS]mlh Hkk"kk vkSj LVkbZy eas HkhM+ tqVkdj pquko vfHk;ku pyk;k x;kA bysDVªksfuDl ehfM;k] fizaVehfM;k ij iSls ikuh dh rjg cgk;k x;kA ;g iSls fdlh u fdlh ds rks gksaxs] ftls vc pkfg, gksxkAvkSj bl vfHk;ku dk uke fn;k x;k ^eksnhygj* vkSj ^ueksea=k*A bl ^ueksea=k % gj&gj eksnh] ?kj&?kjeksnh* vkSj eksnhygj* ds lkeus lHkh ikfVZ;k¡ eu&gh&eu vius&vius gfFk;kj (xgu pquko vfHk;ku)Mky pqdh FkhA fn[kkos ds fy, lHkh ikfVZ;k¡ pquko esa MVs jgus dk Lokax djrh jghA

jktuhfr esa ;g lc pyrk jgrk gSA jktuhfr esa ges'kk ,d tSlh fLFkfr ugha jgrhA blfy, thr gkfly djus okyh ikVhZ dksT;knk brjkuk ugha pkfg, fd vPNs fnu vk x;s] ^QhyxqM* dh rtZ ij bl pquko esa Hkh ges'kk dh rjg ns'k ds ,d [kkl oxZ(rFkkdfFkr cqfðthoh) vius ?kjksa ls ckgj oksV ds fy, ugha fudysA bl pquko esa oksV dk d÷N izfr'kr c<+k gS] og blfy, fdns'k esa u;s cPps ckfyx gq, Fks] ftudk uke u;k&u;k oksVj ds :i eas ntZ gqvk Fkk] tks eksnh ygj esa iwjh rjg cgrs&Hkkxrs utjvk;sA os gh fu.kkZ;d lkfcr gq, bl ckj ds pquko ds urhts esaA

lksygoha pquko ifj.kke dks ns[krs gq, ge dg ldrs gSa fd yksdra=k ds fy, ;g 'keZukd ckr gS fd vktknh dh vk/h lnhls T;knk chr tkus ds ckotwn oksV dk izfr'kr ugha c<+ ik jgk gSA ;g xaHkhj fpark dk fo"k; gSA fQj Hkh ge rky Bkasdrs gSa fdgekjk yksdra=k cgqr gh etcwr gSA tc rd 90Qhlnh oksV pquko esa ugha iM+rs] gesa ;g le>uk pkfg, fd gekjh ljdkj iwjh rjgls oS/ ugha gSA vHkh Hkh 40Qhlnh turk ds er dk :>ku dk irk ugha pyrkA fQj ge dSls brjk ldrs gSa fd gekjk yksdra=k iwjhrjg etcwr gSA ge vHkh Hkh bl ekeys esa fQlìh gh dgs tk;saxsA

vkt ds izfrLi/hZ ;qx esa tks cPps 90Qhlnh vkSj mlls Åij vad ugha ykrs mls vPNs laLFkku esa izos'k ugha feyrkA ysfdu gekjsyksdra=k ds eafnj eas tSls Hkh O;fDr gksa] tSls Hkh pquko thr ysa] mUgsa l&lEeku izos'k fey tkrk gS] ns'k dks gk¡dus ds fy,A vkSjturk xk;&cSy dh rjg g¡dkrh jgrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr ls mcjus ds fy, D;k mik; gks ldrs gSa] bl fo"k; ij ns'k dks fpark djuhpkfg,A

ckotwn blds fd tc pquko gks gh x;s gSa] 62Qhlnh turk viuk er ns gh pqdh gS rks ljdkj cusxh ghA ljdkj ds eqf[k;kujsUæ eksnh iz/kuea=kh dh d÷lhZ ij cSBsaxs ghA ysfdu ftl izdkj ls Hkktik ds lkaLÑfrd laLFkk&lg;ksxh ^vkj,l,l* eulwck cukbZgqbZ gS] ugha yxrk gS fd eksnh th mudh vis{kk ij [kM+k mrjsaxsA eksnh th pw¡fd la?k ds izpkjd Hkh jgs gSaA os Hkh vkj,l,l ls laLdkfjrgSaA fQj Hkh gekjs ns'k dk lafo/ku ,slk d÷N djus dh btktr ugha nsrkA ns'k dh turk ds d÷N oxZ&leqnk;ksa dks ;g vk'kadk gS fdeksnh th vkj,l,l ds ,tsaMs ij dke djsaxsA ysfdu ftl izdkj ds eksnh th ds gko&Hkko vkSj rsoj pquko thrus ds ckn fn[kus yxsgSa] og 'kqð jk"Vªokn vkSj jk"Vªfgr ds ladsr ns jgs gSa vkSj eksnhth ns'k ds fy,] xjhc turk ds fy, d÷N [kkl vkSj pquko dh rjg,sfrgkfld djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks ;g ns'k ds fy, lqugjk volj gksxkA

vkt Hkkjr vius ikl&iM+ksl ds ns'kksa ls jktuhfrd vkSj døVuhfrd Lrj ij ijs'kkuh >sy jgk gSA mls vUn:uh vkfFkZd vkSjlkekftd Lrj ij Hk;kud mFky&iqFky dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA eg¡xkbZ (;g jktuhfrd 'kCn gS)] Hkz"Vkpkj] vkradokn vkSjmxzokn ns'k dks detksj dj jgh gSa ogha laoS/kfud inksa ij cSBs yksxksa esa vkilh xqVcanh] ykyQhrk'kkgh] nykyh] ?kwl[kksjh] dkepksjhvkfn bl ns'k dks [kks[kyk dj j[kk gSA eksnh th dks bu pqukSfr;ksa ls tw>uk gksxkA vkSj foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh tufgr esa QSlykysuk muds fy, vkx ij pyus tSlk gh gksxkA ysfdu Hkkjr dh turk eksnh th dks vk'kk Hkjh fuxkgksa ls ns[k jgh gS] mEehn yxk;scSBh gS fd eksnh th ns'k ds vf/dka'k turk (etnwj oxZ)] tks vlafBr {ks=k ds gSa] oks [ksfrgj gksa ;k fngkM+h ij dke djus okys]muds fy, Hkh vyx ls lkspsaxsA lkFk gh efgykvksa dh l'kfDrdj.k dh fn'kk esa Hkh nf"Vikr djsaxsA ,d n'kd ls T;knk o"kks± ls Hkkjrds vénkrk vkRegR;k dj jgs gSa tks ns'k ds fy, lcls nqHkkZX;iw.kZ vkSj ?kksj yTtk dk fo"k; cuk gqvk gSA jktuhfrKksa vkSj tek[kksjksads dkj.k gh nqHkkZX; us gekjs ns'k dks tdM+ j[kk gSA ^nf"Vikr* u;s tukns'k ds ckn cuus okyh ljdkj dks vfxze 'kqHkdkeuk nsrkgS vkSj ;g vis{kk djrk gS fd lpeqp ds ^vPNs fnu* Hkkjr ds HkkX;fo/krk ds :i esa lkfcr gksA

(vifjgk;Z dkj.kksa ls ;g vad pquko ifj.kke ds ckn izdkf'kr gqvk gS)A

X¥{îQnmV

vPNs fnu vkus okys gSaA+

viuh ckr

tks lq[k nwljs dks nq[k ns] og lq[k ds ;ksX; ugha

_B© - 2014ISSN 2231-3079

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tUe fnol ij

D;ksafd eSaus ?k.kk ls gR;k ugha dh vkRelEeku dsfy, dh gSA** ^gseysV* esa uk;d MsuekdZ dkjktdqekj gS ftls Hkfo"; esa MsuekdZ dk jktk cuukgS ftlds thou dk y{; gS MsuekdZ dh jktxíhdks vijk/ eqDr djuk vkSj bl ds fy, la?k"kZdjrs gq, og vius thou dh lkFkZdrk flðdjrk gSA ^eps±V vkWQ osful* esa ,aVksfu;ks viusfe=k lkfu;ks dh enn viuh tku dks tksf[ke esaMkydj djrk gSA ^fVekWu vkWQ ,Fksal* esa ykMZfVeksu vius fe=kksa dks gh viuh laifr le>rk gSvkSj ges'kk vius fe=kksa dh lgk;rk dks rRij jgrkgSA ^fdax fy;j* esa jktk fy;j viuh laifr viuh/wrZ iqf=k;ksa dks ns nsrk gS vkSj Lo;a vieku dhftanxh thrk gSA ^estj QkWj estj* esa 'ksDlfi;jvius ik=kksa ds ek?;e ls ;g iz'u mBkrk gS fd^^D;k mls ge thou dg ldrs gS ftl thou dsihNs gtkjksa ekSrsa fNih gksrh gSA* ^twfy;l lhtj* esaczwVl vkSj dSfl;l dks irk Fkk fd lhtj fgLVhfj;kdk ejht gS blfy, dsfl;l O;aX;iwoZd dgrk gSfd ^^lhtj dh vis{kk fxjus dk jksx ge yksxksa esavf/d gSA** ^n Vsfeax vkWQ n Jw* esa dSFkjhuk tkscgqr gh lqanj ;qorh gS ls mldk fookg ugha gks ikjgk Fkk D;ksafd mldk lcls cM+k nks"k mldh ok.khFkhA mlds eq¡g ls fudys 'kCn [katj dh rjg rst]uhe dh rjg dM+os vkSj fepZ dh rjg rh[ks FksAok.kh nks"k ds lkeus mldk :i lkSan;Z] firk dhvrqY; /u laink] ,s'o;Z lc d÷N ghu FkkA

'ksDlfi;j us vius ukVdksa esa ;wuku vkSj jkseds brus feFkdksa dks lesVk gS fd muds ukVdksa dksi<+rs gq, fo'o lkfgR; dk foiqy HkaMkj ls ikBdvoxr gksrk gSA ekuoh; laosnuk vkSj ekuoh; izdfrdk bruk lqanj vkSj lVhd mnkgj.k vU; fdlhukVd esa feyuk eqf'dy gSA 'ksDlfi;j ds fofHkUuukVdksa ds laokn tSls ^uke esa D;k j[kk gS*] lcHkyk tc var Hkyk*] ^czwVl] rqe Hkh*] ^nqfu;k esadksbZ pht vPNh ;k cqjh ugha gksrh] geyksxksa dhlksp fdlh pht dks vPNk ;k cqjk cukrh gS* vkfncgqr izflð gSA

laidZ% 9471765417

ekuo izÑfr ds ew/ZU; vè;srk fofy;e'ksDlfi;j ;g tkurs Fks fd ^cqjh phtksa esa vPNseuq"; cuus dh feêh 'kkfey gSA euq"; xyfr;ksadk Hkkj ugha mBk ldrk] mls vius izfr bZekunkjjguk gh gksxkA** 'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd ^gseysV* esagseysV vius nq[k esa dgrk gS] ^eq>s og vkneh nkstks ykylk dk xqyke u gksA**

fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j }kjk jpk x;k foiqylkfgR; dk oSf'od egRo gSA Hkkjr ds fy, tksLFkku rqylhnkl vkSj dchj dk gS] Ýkal ds fy,:lks vkSj okYrs;j dk gS] teZuh ds fy, xsVs vkSjf'kyj dk gS] :l ds fy, VkyLVk; vkSj nksLrkoLdhgS] baXySaM ds fy, 'ksDlfi;j dk gSA dyk ds lHkhdk;ksZ esa dYiuk dk vge LFkku gS rFkk 'ksDlfi;jds lkfgR; esa ;FkkFkZ vkSj dYiuk dk ;FkksfprfeJ.k gqvkk gSA lkfgR; dk ,d uSfrd i{k gS tkseuq"; ls xaHkhj iwNrkN vkSj vkykspuk djrk gSA'ksDlfi;j dk lkfgR; vius blh uSfrd cy dsfy, tkuk tkrk gSA 'ksDlfi;j dk lkfgR; oafprksads i{k esa lqn<+ :i ls [kM+k feyrk gSA fgUnhlkfgR; esa 'ksDlfi;j ds ukVdksa vkSj dforkvksa dkxaHkhj ewY;kadu gksuk pkfg, ftlls fgUnh ds ikBdksads chp 'ksDlfi;j ds lkfgR; ds lkekftd ljksdkjds lHkh vk;ke lkeus vk ldsA

fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j dk tUe 26 vizSy 1564esa LVsVQksMZ 'kgj esa efj;e vkSj tkWu 'ksDlfi;j ds?kj esa gqvkA viuh f'k{kk ds nkSjku mUgksaus ,dukVd i<+dj brus izHkkfor gq, fd Lo;a ,d

dkyt;h ukVddkj cu x,A 18 o"kZdh mez esa lu~ 1582 esa ,d fdlkudh 26 o"khZ; iq=kh ,suh gkFkos ls mudkfookg gqvkA dkykarj esa yanu vkdj'ksDlfi;j us ,d fFk,Vj esa ukSdjhdh] tgk¡ mUgksaus fy[kuk vkSj ukVd[ksyuk 'kq: fd;kA 1588 ls 1595 dschp 'ksDlfi;j us ^n Vsfeax vkWQ nJw*] ^n dkWesMh vkWQ ,jj*] ^, feMlej ukbV Mªhe*] jksfe;ks ,aM twfy;V*]

^fdax fjpMZ f}rh;* fy[kk] 1596 ls 1599 dschp mUgksaus ^n epsZaV vkWQ osful*] ^ep vMks,okmV ufFkax*] ^twfy;l lhtj*] uked ukVdksadh jpuk dhA 1600 ls 1605 ds varjky esa mUgksaus^vkYl oSy nSVl ,aMl oSy*] ^VosYFk ukbV] ^estjQkWj estj*] ,t ;w ykbd bV*] gSeysV*] vkWFksyks*]^fVeksu vkWQ ,Fksal*] ^fdax fy;j* uked ukVdksadks fy[kk ,oa eapu fd;kA 1606 ls 1613 ds chp'ksDlfi;j us ^fdacjysu*] ^n VseisLV*] ^eSdcsFk*]^,aVksuh ,aM fDY;ksisVªk*] ^fdax gsujh lIre*] ^n Vwukssy fdalesu* uked ukVdksa dks fy[kkA bldsvfrfjDr 'ksDlfi;j us cgqr gh eeZLi'khZ vkSjHkkoiw.kZ dfork,Wa Hkh fy[kha tks vaxzsth lkfgR; esa^lksusV* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

'ksDlfi;j ds mDr ukVdksa dks i<+rs gq, ;gLi"V gksrk gS fd 'ksDlfi;j dks ekuoh; izÑfr,oa izofr;ksa dh xgjh lw>cw> Fkh ftldk mnkgj.kmuds fofHké ukVdksa esa vk, n"Vkarksa esa ns[kk tkldrk gSA ^V~osYoFk ukbV* ukVd esa jktdqekjdgrk gS fd ^^bl nqfu;k esa L=kh ds I;kj ijfo'okl djuk lcls cM+h ew[kZrk gSA mldk I;kjpapy fgj.kh dh rjg gksrk gS] tks dHkh Hkh fdlh,d LFkku ij ugha fVdrkA** ^vksFksyks* ukVd esadkyk uk;d viuh ,glkls derjh esa bvkxksuked [kyuk;d ds "kM+;a=k dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gSvkSj viuh iRuh MslMseksuk dh gR;k dj nsrk gS vkSjtc bvkxks ds "kM+;a=k ls voxr gksrk gS rks [kqnvkRegR;k dj ysrk gS ijarq vkRegR;k djus ls igysvksFksyks dgrk gS] ^^eSa ,d lEekuh; gR;kjk gw¡

450oha t;arh ij fo'ks"k

fofy;e 'ksDlfi;j %ekuo izÏfr ds ew/kZU;

v/;srk jktho vkuan

ISSN 2231-3079

_B© - 2014

lkekftd ljksdkj

6

^dkek[;k ns'k dkek[;k nsoh]tgk¡ cls bLekby tksxh] bLekby tksxh us yxkbZ Q÷yokjh] Qøy rksMs+ yksuk pekjh]tks bl Qøy dks lw¡?ks ckl] frl dk eu jgs gekjs ikl] egy NksM+s] ?kj NksMs+] vk¡xu NksMs] yksd d÷VqEc dh ykt NksMs]nqvkbZ yksuk pekjh dh] èkuoUrfj dh nqgkbZ fQjSA*^^fdlh Hkh 'kfuokj ls 'kq: djds 31 fnuksa

rd fuR; 1144 ckj ea=k dk tki djsa rFkkykscku] nhi vkSj 'kjkc j[ksa] fQj fdlh Qøy dks50 ckj vfHkeaf=kr djds L=kh dks ns nsaA og mlQøy dks lw¡?krs gh o'k esa gks tk,xhA**

mä ea=k vkSj ç;ksx fofèk eq>s feyh gSeksgYys ds ,d yMds ls] ftlus fdlh rkaf=kddks 501 :0 nf{k.kk nsus ds ckn mlus gkflyfd;k gSA vc vki iwNsaxs fd ;g ea=k esjs gkFk

izseh&izsfedko'khdj.k ea=

MkW0 tkfdj vyh jtuh'k

nqfu;k dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ ns'k gks] tks va/fo'okfl;ksa ls vNwrk gksA Hkkjr esa rks88 izfr'kr yksx va/fo'okl ds f'kdkj gSaA rjg&rjg ds VksVds] xaMsa] rkchtksa ijfo'okl djrs gSaA buesa D;k i=kdkj] lkfgR;dkj] MkWDVj] baftuh;j] O;olk;h]mPpkf/dkjh gks ;k x`gf.k;k¡ lHkh gSaA fdlh tkfr /eZ ds gksa lHkh esa dbZ va//kj.kkvksaus muds fnyks&fnekx esa etcwr ?kj cuk fy;k gSA va/fo'okl dks c<+kok nsus esa Hkkjrds ehfM;k rFkk ckckvksa dk dkQh ;ksxnku jgk gSA rksrk Nki T;ksfrf"k;ksa ls ysdj?kwe&?kwe dj gkFk ns[kus okyksa ds lkFk lkFk dkjiksjsVh ehfM;k (Vhoh pSuy vkSjv[kckj) muesa dbZ ukeh&fxjkeh Vhoh pSuy 12 cts jkf=k ds ckn ;k lqcg&nks igj

esa vius izlkj.k ds ekè;e ls ijs'kku&iLr turk dks va/ fo'okl dh [kkbZ esa /dsy dj iSls dekus dh d÷fRlr pky esa dke;kcgks jgh gSA vki [kqn ns[ksa fd os dSls xaMs&rkcht vkSj flð fd;s gq, dop csprs gq, utj vkrs gSaA flð fd;s gq, guqeku pkfylkcsprs gq, fn[ksaxsA lekt dks lksph le>h ;kstuk ds rgr ;s dkjiksjsVh ehfM;k bl izdkj ds ra=k&ea=k vkSj dop] rkcht] Hkwr&izsrHkxkus ds mik;ksa ds mRikn dk foKkfir dj lekt dks D;ksa va/s d÷,¡ esa /dsyus ds d÷ÑR; esa yxh gqbZ gS\ blds f[kykQ dksbZD;ksa ugha vkokt mBkrk] ljdkj D;ksa pwi gS bl ekeys esa\

<ksax vkSj ik[kaM dk cktkj cgqr cM+k gSA n`f"Vikr gj ekg ,sls gh yksxksa ds }kjk QSyk;s tk jgs va/fo'oklksa ds izfr ltxdjus ds fy, foKku lEer izdk'ku lkexzh izdkf'kr djsxkA blh dM+h esa tkus&ekus foKku ys[kd MkW0 tkfdj vyh jtuh'k dsbl ys[k dks ;gk¡ izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS&

dSls yxkA rks lqfu,&^njvly og yMdk ikl ds gh ,d eksgYys

dh ,d 'kknh 'kqnk L=kh ls I;kj djrk gSA 'kq:'kq: esa ml L=kh us yMds dks FkksM+h fy¶V nh]fQj ifr ds lkeus jkt [kqy tkus ds Mj ls mlusml yM+ds ls feyuk tqyuk can dj fn;kA bllsnq[kh gksdj yM+ds us ,d rkaf=kd dh 'kj.k yhvkSj viuh :Bh gqbZ çsfedk dks vius o'k esadjus ds fy, ;g ea=k gfFk;k yk;kA*

gqvk ;w¡ fd ,d fnu bl ea=k dk tki djrsgq, mlds ,d lkFkh us ns[k fy;kA mlus viusnksLrksa ds lkeus mls fp<+kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA blrjg ls ;g ckr yksxksa esa QSy x;hA eSaus bl 'krZij fd bl ea=k dks fdlh dks ugha crkÅ¡xk] ysdjvk;k gw¡A

vc vkrs gSa ckr ds vlyh eqnns ijA ;fnea=k esa crkbZ x;h fofèk ds vuqlkj og yM+dkmfpr <ax ls mldk ikB djds vfHkeaf=kr Qøydks viuh çsfedk dks lqa?kk nsrk gS] rks D;k og

L=kh vius ifr dks NksM+dj ml yM+ds dks viukysxh\ esjk loky ;g gS fd D;k ,slk gksxk\ ,slkgksxk rks fdl 'kfä ds dkj.k gksxk\ bÜojh;'kfä vFkok 'kSrkuh 'kfä ls\ ;fn bZÜojh;'kfä ls ,slk gksxk] rks D;k bl rjg dh 'kfäLo;a bZÜoj dh O;oLFkk ds fy, pqukSrh ugha gS\

;fn ,slk 'kSrkuh 'kfä ls gksxk] rks D;k ;g'kfä bZÜoj ds fy, pqukSrh ugha gS\ vkSj lclscMh ckr ;g fd D;k dksbZ Hkh 'kfä lkekftdrkuk ckuk fNé&fHké djus dh 'kfä j[krh gS\;fn gk¡] rks D;k bl rjg dh 'kfä dk çn'kZudjus okys yksxksa dks bZÜoj }kjk lcd ughafl[kkuk pkfg,\ vFkok bl rjg dh ?kVukvksadks çksRlkfgr djus okys yksxksa ds lkFk dSlkcrkZo djuk pkfg,\ blds lkFk gh lkFk ;fnbl rjg dh ?kVuk¡ lEHko ugha gSa] rks Hkh bl rjgds ckck vFkok rkaf=kd fdl çdkj ls lfn;ksa lseuq";ksa dks csodøQ cukus esa lQy jgs gSa\ vkilcds tokcksa dk bartkj jgsxkA

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e[kkuk* laLÑr ds nks 'kCn e[k o véls cuk gSA e[k dk eryc ;Kgksrk gSA vFkkZr ;K esa ç;qä gksusokyk véA thou dky ls ysdjeR;q ds ckn Hkh e[kkuk fefFkykapyokfl;ksa ls tqM+k jgrk gSA e[kkusdh [ksrh iwjs fefFkykapy esa gksrhgSA njHkaxk esa mRié gksus okyke[kkuk mÙke dksfV dk ekuk tkrkgSA

e[kkus dey ds chtksa dhykgh gSA e[kkuk dks nsorkvksa dkHkkstu dgk x;kA iwtk ,oa gou esaHkh ;g dke vkrk gSA bls vkxZsfudgcZy Hkh dgrs gSaA D;ksafd ;gfcuk fdlh jklk;fud [kkn ;kdhVuk'kh ds mi;ksx ds mxk;ktkrk gSA

v kpk; Z H k kofeJ(1500&1600) }kjk jfpr Hkkoçdk'k fu?kaVq esa bls in~echtkHk,oa ikuh; Qy dgk x;k gSA bldsvuqlkj e[kkuk cy] okthdj ,oaxzkgh gSA bls çlo iwoZ ,oa i'pkrvkbZ det+ksjh nwj djus ds fy,nwèk esa idkdj f[kykrs gSaA ;glqikP; gS rFkk vkgkj ds :i esa

bldk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA cPpksa dks bls ?kh;k rsy ls c?kkj djfpoM + s dh rjguedhu cuk dj nsAos bls cgqr ilandjrs gSA bls [khj esaHkh feyk dj ns ldrsgSA bls iathjh esa] yìwesa Hkh feyk;k tkldrk g S A bld svkS"kèkh; xq.kksa ds pyrsvejhdu gcZy QøMçksMDV ,lksfl,'ku}kjk bls Dykl ouQøM dk ntkZ fn;kx;k gSA ;g th.kZvfrlkj] Y;wdksfj;k]

'kqØk.kqvksa dh deh vkfn esa mi;ksxh gSA ;g,UVhvkWDlhMsaV xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj gSA blfy, Üolura=k]

ew=k'k; ,oa tuura=k ls lacafèkr chekfj;ksa esa ;gykHkçn gksrk gSA

e[kkuk dk fu;fer lsou djus ls CyMçs'kj] dej vkSj ?kqVus ds nnZ dks fu;af=kr jgrkgSA çloiwoZ ,oa efgykvksa esa vkbZ detksjh dksnwj djus ds fy, nwèk esa idk dj fn;k ;gtkrk gSA

e[kkuk esa çksVhu] dkckZsgkbMªsV] olk]dSfYl;e] QkLQksjl ds vykok ykSg] vEyrFkk foVkfeu ch Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA

rhuksa ewlfy;ksa ds lkFk Qøy e[kkuk] rkye[kkuk] lkyeia>k rFkk d÷N vU; ouLifr;ksadks feykdj rS;kj dh xbZ vkS"kfèk tPpk dsfy, ykHkdkjh gksrh gSA vk;qoZsfnd xq.kksa dsvkèkkj ij lQsn ewlyh o 'krkoj dks BaMk]tcfd dkyh ewlyh dks xeZ ekuk tkrk gSA BaMhçÑfr dh gksus dh otg ls lQsn ewlyh dkç;ksx vdsys (tSlk if'pe esa fd;k tkrk gS)djus dh lykg ugha nh tkrh] D;ksafd bllsis'kkc T;knk vkrh gS vkSj 'kjhj esa fiÙk ÅtkZdh deh gks tkrh gSA nLr yxus dh leL;kmRiu gks tkrh gS rks rky e[kkus dk pqjk 1pEep ngh ds lkFk [kk,A

njHkaxk fLFkr jk"Vªh; e[kkuk 'kksèk laLFkkuds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa yxHkx13]000 gSDVj ueHkwfe esae[kkuksa dh [ksrh gksrh gSA;gk¡ yxHkx uCcs gtkj Vucht iSnk gksrk gSA ns'k dk80 çfr'kr e[kkuk fcgkjdh ueHkwfe ls vkrk gSA bldsvykok bldh fNViqV [ksrhvyoj] if'pe caxky]vle] mM+hlk] tEew&d'ehj]e.khiqj vkSj eè;çns'k esa Hkhdh tkrh gSA ijUrq ns'k esarsth ls [kRe gks jgh ueHkwfeus bldh [ksrh vkSj Hkfo";esa miyCèkrk ij loky [kM+sdj fn, gSaA ;fn Lokfn"VLokLF;oèkZd e[kkuk [kkrsjguk gS rks ns'k dh ueHkwfe;ksadk s Hkh cpkuk gk sxkAueHkwfe;ksa dks çÑfr ds xqnZsHkh dgrs gSa vkSj irk pyrkgS fd ;gk¡ mxk e[kkuk gekjhfdMfu;ksa dh Hkh j{kk djrkgSA rks cpkb, bu xqnkZs dksA

izdfr dk vueksy migkje[kkuk

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jktuhfr

bl ckr ij cgl gks ldrh gS fd Hkkjrh;turk ikVhZ dh bl ,sfrgkfld fot; dk lw=kèkkjdkSu gSA Vhoh pSuyksa dh vuar vkSj fu"d"kZghucglsa Hkh bl lR; dks iwjk mtkxj ugha djldrhaA fdarq jktuhfr ds iafMrksa dks ujsaæ eksnhus 16 ebZ ds vius cM+ksnjk vkSj vgenkckn dsHkk"k.kksa esa fo'ys"k.k ds vusd lw=k fn,A ftlesalcls çeq[k ;g fd dkaxzsl ikVhZ NksM+dj ;gigyh ,slh ljdkj gS] ftlesa fdlh ny usvdsys ne ij cgqer ik;k gSA os ;kn fnykrs gSafd 1977 dh turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj Hkh vusddkaxzsl fojksèkh nyksa dk xBcaèku gh FkhA fdarqijns ds ihNs ds uk;dksa dks ns[ksa rks bl thr usmUgsa Hkh eqLd÷jkus dk volj fn;k gSA jk"Vªh;

lat; f}osnh

Lo;alsod la?k ds fy, 'kk;n ;g {k.k lclsvfèkd çlUurk dk gS] tc og nwljh ckj fdlhLo;alsod dks Hkkjr tSls fo'kky jk"Vª dk usrRodjrk gqvk ns[k jgk gSA fdarq la?k ifjokj dh[kq'kh dk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd mldsfopkj ifjokj ls tqM+s ,d ny us vius neigyh ckj cgqer ik;k gSA

la?k ,d ,slk laxBu gS tks jktuhfrdfØ;kdykiksa ij e;kZnk esa jgrs gq, gh viuhlfØ;rk dk çn'kZu djrk gSA vki è;ku nsa fdbl pquko esa viuh vfrlfØ;rk ds ckotwnvkj,l,l ds ljla?kpkyd dks ,d ckj dgukiM+k fd ^gekjk dke ueks& ueks djuk ugha gSaA**;g lkèkkj.k oäO; ugha Fkk vkSj ;g è;kufnykus ds fy, Fkk fd mlds Lo;alsod viuhlhek,¡ vkSj e;kZnk,¡ u HkwysaA ckotwn blds ;gekuuk iM+sxk fd bl pquko esa tSlh lfØ;rk la?kvkSj mlds lg;ksxh laxBuksa us fn[kkbZ og vHkwriwoZFkhA bldk Js; ysus ls os cpus dh dksf'k'k Hkhdjsaxsa vkSj Vhoh ij fn[kus okys muds çoäkvksaesa ,d ohrjkxh fopkj Hkh fn[ksxkA fdarq ;g r;ekfu, fd ;g pquko njvly la?k dk [kqn dkjpk gqvk ç;ksx Fkk ftlesa og lQy gqvkA

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ 2004 vkSj 2009 dh

ijkt; ls fu"çk.k gksdj iM+h FkhA la?k viuhlhfer jktuhfrd vkdka{kkvksa ds ckotwn viuslEeku vkSj 'kqfprk dks ysdj csgn ltx laxBugSA dkaxzsl ds okpky usrkvksa }kjk ml ij fd,tk jgs geys vkSj fganw vkradokn* tSls x<+s x,u, 'kCnksa ls og fujarj vkgr gks jgk FkkA dkaxzsldh bl la?k fojksèkh QkSt dks yxrk Fkk fd bllsdkaxzsl vè;{kk çlUu gksaxhaA tcfd bfrgkl dhvksj utj Mkysa rks tokgjyky usg: ls ysdjjktho xkaèkh rd la?k usrRo dk laokn dkaxzsl lsdHkh bruk dM+okgV Hkjk ugha FkkA la?k ifjokjus dHkh lhèks rkSj ij usg:&xkaèkh ifjokj ijgeys ugha cksysA tcfd dkaxzsl ds ^lksfu;kle;* esa ;g lkjk d÷N fcxM+rk fn[kkA iLrgkyHkktik dkaxzsl dh ch Vhe* ljh[kk O;ogkj djjgh FkhA Hkktik usrRo ,d xgjh fn'kkghurk dkf'kdkj Fkk vkSj lÙkk tkus dh O;kdqyrk mlesalkQ fn[krh FkhA ykyÑ".k vkMok.kh tSls 'kh"kZusrk mlds dkaxzslhdj.k ij fpark,a rks trk jgs Fksij fc[kj jgs ifjokj dks ykecan dj iqu% [kM+kdjus ds vkRefoÜokl ls os [kkyh FksA ,sls esa la?kçeq[k eksgu Hkkxor dk ,d oäO; vkrk gS fdHkktik dk vxyk vè;{k fnYyh ls ugha gksxkftls mUgksaus Mh&4 uke fn;k FkkA ;g njvly

Hkkxor] Hkktik vkSj eksnh

lQy jgk vkj,l,l dk^ujsaæ eksnh ç;ksx*

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jktuhfrla?k ds eSnku esa mrjdj [kM+s gksus vkSj ns'k dksljdkjfoghurk vkSj vjktdrk ls eqä djkdj,d leFkZ usrRo ,oa ljdkj nsus dh fn'kk esa ,d'kq:vkr FkhA blds iwoZ 1975 ds vkikrdkyfojksèkh vkanksyu esa viuh lfØ;rk ls la?k us1977 esa turk ikVÊ ljdkj cukus esa ;ksxnkufn;k FkkA yacs le; ckn mldh lfØ;rk jkeeafnjvkanksyu esa utj vkbZ tc vVyth dks ljdkjcukus dk volj feykA fdarq jktx us mldsliuksa ij ikuh Qsj fn;kA oktis;h dh ljdkj lsla?k ds erHksn vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa lfgr vusdekeyksa ij lkeus fn[kus yxs FksA ,sls esa la?k usvius dks viuh xfrfofèk;ksa rd lhfer djfy;k vkSj jktuhfrd foe'kksZa ls ,d e;kZfnrnwjh fn[kkus yxkA ,d vjktuSfrd vkSj lkaLÑfrdlaxBu gksus ds ukrs mldh xfrfofèk;ksa dk lektthou ij O;kid çHkko gSA bls ns[krs gq,detksj Hkktik ds ctk, dkaxzsl ds d÷N usrkla?k dks gh fu'kkus ij ysus yxsA blh nkSj esa fganwvkradokn* 'kCn dks çk;ksftr fd;k x;k vkSjla?k dks ,d ,sls [krjs dh rjg çLrqr fd;k tkusyxk fd ftlds c<+rs çHkko ls ns'k VwV tk,xkAla?k dh vksj ls eqfLye laidZ dk dke ns[kusokys baæs'k d÷ekj tSls çpkjdksa ij vkjksi yxkusds ç;kl gq, vkSj ce èkekdksa esa vusd funkZs"kLo;alsodksa dks Qalkus dh dksf'k'ksa gqb±A ;g lkjkdqN brus lèks gq, vankt esa gks jgk Fkk fd yxusyxk fd xg ea=kky; ,d xyr fo"k; dks turkds chp LFkkfir dj ys tk,xkA jktuhfr ds blf?kukSus Lo:i ds f[kykQ la?k dh fpark,¡ lkeusvk jgh Fkha fdarq mldk Lo;a dk iksf"kr laxBuHkktik iLrgky FkhA dSMj fujk'k Fkk vkSj ,slsle; esa fnYyh esa fufru xMdjh dh rktiks'khds ekè;e ls la?k us ,d u;k ekxZ idM+us dsfy, Hkktik dks çsfjr fd;kA ckn esa fufruxMdjh dks dqN vkjksiksa ds pyrs nwljk dk;Zdkyu fey ldk vkSj jktukFk flag dks ;g dkelkSaik x;kA vki ns[ksa rks Hkktik esa ;g djuklkèkkj.k ugha FkkA fnYyh dh jktuhfr esa vjlsdkfct jktusrk u, usrRo dks Lohdkjus dksrS;kj ugha FksA dkaxzsl ij geyk djus vkSj Lo;adks okLrfod çfri{k lkfcr djus esa HkktikfoQy gks pqdh FkhA

Hkktik laxBu esa cnyko ds ckn ,d ,slspsgjs dh ryk'k Fkh tks la?k ds ç;ksx dks vatkerd ys tk ldsA reke vlgefr;ksa ds ckotwnla?k us lkgl fn[kkdj ujsaæ eksnh dks Hkktik dsdsaæ esa LFkkfir dj fn;kA Hkktik ds Hkhrj:Bus&eukus vkSj i=k ys[ku ds flyflys dsckotwn la?k us ujsaæ eksnh dks çèkkuea=kh in dkmEehnokj ?kksf"kr djus dh lykg Hkktik dks nhA

le; us lkfcr fd;k la?k us tks fu.kZ; fy;k Fkkog fdruk ldkjkRed vkSj Hkktik ds fy,ojnku lkfcr gqvkA bl chp fnYyh esa gq, ckckjkenso] vék gtkjs ds vkanksyuksa us ,d ubZ ÅtkZdk lapkj fd;k vkSj ns'k esa O;kid vlarks"k dkltu gqvkA dkaxzsl ljdkj dh foQyrk,¡] eaf=k;ksads cM+cksysiu vkSj vgadkjtU; çLrqfr us blvlarks"k dks c<+kus dk gh dke fd;kA ujsaæ eksnhdk usrRo ikdj Hkktik dk lks;k gqvk dkMjtkx mBkA mlesa mEehnsa fgyksjsa ysus yxhaA

la?k us vius j.kuhfrdkjksa HkS;k th tks'kh]lqjs'k lksuh] nÙkk=ks; gkslckys] Mk0 [kMxxksiky]eueksgu oS|] jke ekèko dh {kerkvksa dk iwjkmi;ksx djrs gq, fofoèk {ks=kksa dh ftEesnkjh mUgsalkSaihA la?k ds {ks=k çpkjdksa us vius&vius jkT;ksaesa rxM+h O;wg jpuk dh vkSj ekbØks ekfuVfjax ls,d vHkwriwoZ okrkoj.k dk ltu fd;kA pqukoesa ernku çfr'kr c<+kus vkSj 'kr çfr'kr ernkuds fy, laidZ dk rkukckuk jpk x;kA ftldkifj.kke gS fd lwnwj dU;kdqekjh ls ysdj yík[kls Hkh Hkktik ds lkaln pqudj laln esa igq¡ps gSaAla?k ds dkMj dh lfØ;rk us ns'k esa tgk¡ erçfr'kr c<+kus esa enn dh] ogha ujsaæ eksnh dsle>kSrkfoghu vkSj vkØked rsojksa us lkekU;ernkrkvksa ds Hkhrj Hkjkslk txk;kA ujsaæ eksnh dsO;fäRo dks x<+usokyk la?k gh mUgsa vc ,duk;d ds :i esa is'k dj jgk Fkk] ftlds iklvkèkqfud Hkkjr dh pqukSfr;ksa vkSj leL;kvksa dklekèkku FkkA 2002 ls geys >sy jgs ujsaæ eksnhdk p;u okLro esa la?k ds fy, ,d cgqr cM+ktqvk Fkk] ftlesa gkjus ij Hkktik ds fy, ,dcM+k ladV [kM+k gksrk vkSj de lhVsa vkus lsHkktik fQj mlh nkSj esa igq¡p tkrh tgka le>kSrs]leiZ.k vkSj p;fur nf"Vdks.k ls jktuhfr dhtkrh gSA fcgkj ls vk, uhfr'k dqekj tSls usrkvksads fojksèk dks njfdukj dj la?k us ,d ubZlkekftd vfHk;kaf=kdh dk iwjk rkuk&ckuk cqukftlesa mç vkSj fcgkj dks viuh jktuhfr dkdsaæ cuk;kA ;g rF; lkeus mtkxj ugha gSa fdfdlus ujsaæ eksnh dks cukjl ls yM+kus dk QSlykfd;k fdarq bl ,d ?kVuk us Hkktik dks pquko&;qðds dsaæ esa yk fn;kA la?k ifjokj us tgka vius[kkaVh Lo;alsod vkSj iwoZ çpkjd dks eSnku esamrkjk ogha Hkktik ds fojksfèk;ksa ds ikl eksnhfojksèk ds fdLls rks Fks fdarq fodYi unkjn FkkA

ujsaæ eksnh us Hkh dkaxzsl vkSj xkaèkh ifjokj dsçfr fj;k;r u cjrrs gq, vius jktuhfrdfojksfèk;ksa dh gj xyr ckr ij loky [kM+sfd,A os pquko vfHk;ku ds ,sls uk;d cus ftlslquus dks yksx meM+ jgs FksA vius Hkk"k.kksa ls osturk dks jktuhfrd rkSj ij çf'kf{kr dj jgs

FksA ;w¡ yxk fd le; dk pØ dkQh ihNs ?kwex;k gS] tc vius usrkvksa ds lquus&ns[kus dsfy, yksx nwj&nwj tk;k djrs FksA eksnh dks ysdjiSnk gq;h nhokuxh vdkj.k ugha FkhA ;g la?k dhdk;Z'kkyk esa ids gq, ,d ,sls O;fä ds çfrtufoÜokl dk çxVhdj.k Fkk ftlds fe=k vkSj'k=kq çdV Fks] tks vius fopkjksa ds çfr viuhçfrcðrk dks fNikrk ugha Fkk] tks ijaijk vkSjvkèkqfudrk dks ,d lkFk lkèkrs gq, 21oha lnhds Hkkjr dk uk;d cuus dh {kerk ls ySl FkkAog ,d ,slk uk;d Fkk tks viuh fojklr vkSjijaijk dks fgdkjr ls ugha ns[k jgk FkkA tks ekads pj.k Nw&dj gj dke dh 'kq:vkr rks djrkFkk] fdarq ifjokj ds eksg ls eqä FkkA ftlus mlsfeys gq, gj dke dks iwjh runsgh ls iwjk fd;kvkSj vkxs dh eafty ij fuxkg j[khA ;qxksa esa ,slsdfj'es ?kfVr gksrs gSaA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa dfj'ekbZoDrRo ds :i esa iafMr usg:] bafnjk xkaèkh]vVyfcgkjh oktis;h vkSj mlds ckn dkSu rksvkidks ujsaæ eksnh gh ;kn vk,axsaA ujsaæ eksnh us;g lc djrs gq, Hkh vius fopkj ds çfrvkxzgksa dks dHkh Nqik;k ughaA os vius fopkjksa dsçfr bZekunkj] dk;Z ds çfr lefiZr vkSj ,dcsgn esgurh balku gSaA blfy, tc mUgksaus [kqndks ,d etnwj uacj&1 crk;k rks fdlh dksvk'p;Z ugha gqvkA vius lkèkkj.k thou] vçfreoDrRo dyk] fopkjèkkjk ds çfr leiZ.k vkSjVhe Hkkouk us mUgsa ;gka rd igq¡pk;k gSA ;kndhft, iLrgky Hkktik ds ckjs esa dHkh la?kçeq[k us dgk Fkk fd Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ* esa tksd÷N gks jgk gS og Bhd ugha gSA ----Hkktik dkiru ugha gks ldrk] mlesa jk[k ls mB [kM+s gksusdk ekík gSA vkt bfrgkl dh bl ?kM+h esa tcujsaæ eksnh Hkkjr ds çèkkuea=kh pqus tk pqds gSa rksjktuhfrd iafMrksa dks la?k ds bl ^ujsaæ eksnhç;ksx* dks Bhd ls le>us vkSj O;k[;kf;r djusdh vko';drk gSA

(ys[kd jktuhfrd fo'ys"kd gSa] ys[kd dsfopkj futh gSa)

iwjs Hkkjr esafoKkiu&lg&izlkj

izfrfuf/ dh vko';drk gSA

iw.kZ fooj.k ds lkFk vkosnu djsaAvkosnu if=kdk esa fn;s x;s Mkd&irs;k esy ds ekè;e ls dj ldrs gSa

iz/ku laiknd

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yksd&dyk

10

fofo us ijh{kk ds nkSjku 1990 esa lqifjVsaMsaVcukdj ljk;dsyk Hkst fn;k FkkA ijh{kk oxSjg[kRe gks xbZA yksxksa us bl uR; ds ckjs esa crk;kAigys rks dgk] D;k ;s lc gksrk gS\ fQjpijklh ls iwNk rks mlus crk;k vkSj uR; xq#dsnkjukFk lkgq ls feyok Hkh fn;kA dkxt&dyeysdj muds ikl x,A ,d 'kjrpaæ jFk Fks] tksdksVZ esa MhM fy[kus dk dke djrs FksA muds lkFkx;k vkSj d÷N tkudkjh feyhA blds ckn jk¡phvk x;kA fQj 1991 esa tkus dk ekSdk feykAblds ckn rks vkuk&tkuk yxk jgk vkSj uR; dsçfr #fp c<+rh gh xbZA #fp us Hkw[k dks c<+kfn;kA vc rks mlds ckjs esa eu cuk fy;k tkuusdkA Nm uR; ds dykdkj oSls rks fdlku ;kvU; dke djrs FksA dHkh dVuh rks dHkh xk;&HkSalpjkrsA crkus okyk ijs'kku gks tkrkA ,d ckj,d dykdkj ls feyk rks dgk] vHkh rks xk;pjkus tk jgk gw¡A vkus ij ckr djsaxs\ geus dgk]

ge Hkh pyrs gSaA bl rjg ,sls tehuh dykdkjksads lkFk tkrk] uR; dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>rkAblds ckn fQj rhu&pkj yksxksa ls Økl djrkAiwjh rjg larq"V gks tkus ds ckn fQj 'kkL=kksa dks[kaxkyrkA Q÷VuksV ls tkudkjh ysrkA Hkjr ukV;~e]vksfMlh vkfn uR; dks Hkh le>rk vkSj rqyukRedvè;;u djrkA Hkjr dk ukV;~'kkL=k] uanhdsÜojdk uR; ns[kkA Hkjr us vius xzaFk esa 104 uR;deZ dh ppkZ dh gSA

Nm ewd uR; gSA blesa dksbZ laokn ughaA ijHkkouk,¡ >ydrh gSaA çse] fojg] d#.kk lcd÷NA gj NksVh&cM+h tkudkjh] xk¡o&xk¡o tkdjfy;kA jkr&jkrHkj tkxdj uR; ns[kkA in lapkyuls ysdj gLrkfHku; vkfn dks ns[kk&ij[kk&le>kANm dh rhu 'kSfy;k¡ gaSA iq#fy;k] if'pe caxky]e;wjHkat vksfM+lk vkSj ljk;dsyk >kj[kaMAljk;dsyk gh bldk tUe LFkku gSA ;gha ls ;gQSykA iq#fy;k us vius ç;ksx fd,A blfy,

lat; Ñ".k

pkSng lky esa fy[kk Nm u`R; ij xzUFk

cnjh çlkn fganh ds çkè;kid jgsA jk¡phfofo ls 2004 esa vodk'k fy;k] ysfdu dke1991 ls gh 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA Nm ds çfr #fpds loky ij cnjh çlkn dgrs gSa fd jk¡ph

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fofo/rhuksa vyx&vyx uke ls tkus x,A rhuksa çns'kksa dh [kkd NkuhA iq#fy;kesa pM+hnk txg gS] ogk¡ bldk dsaæ gSA ;gk¡ 84 ?kj mu yksxksa ds gSa] tksu`R; esa mi;ksx gksus okys eq[kkSVs cukrs gSaA budh iwjh vkthfodk blh lspyrh gSA blh rjg ljk;dsyk esa HkhA

Nm vkt Hkh yksdu`R; gh gSA bls xkaèkh us ns[kkA VSxksj us ns[kkA bulcdh nqyZHk rLohj xzaFk esa gSA os dgrs gSa] yksd egklkxj gS] tks phtsa;gk¡ gSa] tks jRu ;gk¡ gSa] vU;=k ugha feysaxsA os bl ckr dks ysdj vkÜoLrgSa fd mudk ifjJe lQy jgkA ij] bl ckr ls FkksM+k ijs'kku Hkh fn[ksfd iqLrd dh ikaMqfyfi 20 Qjojh] 2003 dks gh vdkneh dks Hkst fn;kFkk ysfdu Nir&Nirs nl lky yx x,A d÷N eghus igys ;g NidjvkbZ gSA bl ckr dk t:j dks¶r gS fd MkW0 flðukFk d÷ekj th o MkW0

fnusÜoj çlkn th bl Ñfr dks ugha ns[k ldsA cgjgky] os bldk vaxzsthesa Hkh [kqn gh vuqokn dj pqds gSaA ikaMqfyfi rS;kj gks xbZ gSA mls Hkh laxhrukVd vdkneh dks Hkstus dh rS;kjh dj pqds gSaA oSls] ukxiqjh oNÙkhlx<+h Hkk"kk ds rqyukRed vè;;u dh ikaMqfyfi Hkh rS;kj gSA

pkSng lky ds vFkd ifjJe] vuojr 'kksèk vkSj lSdM+ksa yksxksa lsckrphr ds ckn cnjh çlkn dh nks [kaMksa esa ^Hkkjrh; Nm u`R;* bfrgkl]laLÑfr vkSj dyk dk çdk'ku laxhr ukVd vdkneh us fd;k gSA vcrd fdlh yksd u`R; ij ;g vn~Hkqr dke gSA yksd gh ugha] laHkor%'kkL=kh; u`R; ij ,slk dke fdlh dk ugha ns[kus dks feyk gSA lSdM+ksa nqyZHkfp=kksa ls lth ;g iqLrd muds tquwu vkSj d÷N csgrj djus dk çfrQygSA [kqn blds ys[ku esa os ,d yk[k #i;s viuk [kpZ dj pqds gSaA

,d ekg ds varjky esa gh lkjaMk esa fodkl ds fy, iz;kl izkjEHk djfn;s x;s gSaA bl Øe esa iqfyl egkfuns'kd jktho d÷ekj Lo;a lkjaMk ds nqxZebykds o uDlfy;ksa ds fy, vH;kj.; LFky ekus tkus okys lkjaMk esa Loa;vius usr`Ro esa vkWijs'ku veuds rgr dk;ZØe pyk;kA blØe esa Mhthih us Loa; lqnwj{ks=kksa esa jgus okys xzkeh.kkas lseqykdkr dj mudh leL;k oihM+k dks tkuh rFkk uDlfy;ksadks bl {ks=k ls [knM+sus ds fy,O;kid :i ls vfHk;ku pykdj yksxkas dks uDlfy;ksa lsjkgr nsus dh fn'kk esa dnemBk;k gSA pØ/jiqj LVs'ku lseky okgd Vªsu esa lokj gksdjMhthih vkj{kh miegkfujh{kdeks0 usgky] vkj{kh v/h{kdujsUæ d÷ekj flag 'kkfey gksdjlkjaMk ds lqnwj {ks=kksa esa igq¡psAMhthih us Li"V :i ls dgkfd iqfyl vius eS=khiw.k ZO;ogkj ls xzkeh.kksa ds djhcigq¡p pqdh gS rFkk Hkfo"; esa Hkh xzkeh.kksa ds lkFk vPNs laca/ ds cycqrsuDlfy;ksa ds fo:ð l?ku vfHk;ku pyk;sxhA mUgksus dgk fd iqfyl dhvkxkeh ;kstuk ;g gS fd ftys ds izR;sd xkao dks iqfyl xksn ysus dk dk;Zdjsxh ftlls fd ml {ks=k esa fodkl dk;Z gks ldsA Mhthih bl vfHk;ku lsiqfyl dfeZ;ks dk ,d vksj tgk¡ eukscy c<+k gS ogha nwljh vksj iqfyl Hkhxzkeh.kksa ds lg;ksx ls vius vfHk;ku dks ewÙkZ :i ns ldsxh] ,slk iqfylegdes dk ekuuk gSA xkSjryc gks fd iqfyl egkfuns'kd dh dk;Z iz.kkyhls iqfyl dh Nfo dkQh csgrj gqbZ gS rFkk yksxksa ds lkFk eS=khiw.kZ O;ogkjHkh etcqr gq, gSaA

jkT; ds eq[; lfpo lty pØorhZ ds }kjk lkjaMk ds ifjHkze.ko HkkSfrd fujh{k.k ds i'pkr vc ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ fd lkjaMk esalkjaMk ,D'ku Iyku iw.kZ :i ls Qsy gSa rFkk foxr nks o"kksZ ls bl {ks=k esafodkl fd;s tkus dh ckr Hkh lgh ugha gSA eq[; lfpo dk Li"V ekuukgS fd lkjaMk esa vkt Hkh xzkeh.k dkQh fodV fLFkfr esa gSA mUgsa eqyHkwrlqfo/k,¡ vc rd miyC/ ugha gks ik;h gSaA lkjaMk ,D'ku Iyku ds rgrbl {ks=k esa ftrus fodkl fd;s tkus Fks og /jkry ij ewÙkZ :i ugha ysik;k gSA eq[; lfpo us Li"V dgk fd bl LFky ij iz'kklu ls T;knk

lh0vkj0ih0,Q0dh H k w fedk ghljkguh; jgh gSftlus fuf'pr rkSjij yksxksa dks jkgrigq¡pk;h gSA fofnrgks fd orZeku eq[;l fpo ltypØorhZ vkt ls 22o"kZ iwo Z ,dhÑrif'pe flagHkwe esamik;qDr jg pqds gSaftlds i fj.k keLo:i i f'pefl agH k we d sHkkSxksfyd {ks=k ds

ckjs esa bUgsa Hkyh Hk¡fr tkudkjh gS rFkk os gky ds fnuks esa lkjaMk ds lqnwjo nqxZe {ks=kksa dk ifjHkze.k dj ;gk¡ dh leL;kvksa ls voxr gq, gSaA blhds Øe esa mUgksus lkjaMk ,D'ku Iyku ds rgr pyk;s tk jgs dk;ZØeks dkfoLr`r :i ls tkudkjh yh] ftlds QyLo:i mUgksaus ik;k fd ;g;kstuk /jkry ij iw.kZ :i ls ugha mrj ik;h gS tcfd bl ;kstuk dsfy, fujarj iz;kl fd;s tk jgs FksA

lh0vkj0ih0,Q0dh Hkwfedk gh ljkguh;jgh gS % lty pØorhZ

eS=hiw.kZ O;ogkj ls xzkeh.kksaesa fo'okl dk;e dh gSiqfyl % Mhthih >kj[kaM

fou; d÷ekj feJfou; d÷ekj feJ

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vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqík

vki fdl ikfdLrkuls ckr djuk pkgrs

gSa tukc\

Bhd blh oä esa tc Hkkjr ds çèkkuea=khin ij 'kiFk ysus tk jgs ujsUæ eksnh dh rjQ lsikfdLrku ds çèkkuea=kh uokt 'kjhQ dks 'kiFkxzg.k esa 'kkfey gksus dks ysdj fookn 'kq: gqvkgS] ikfdLrku esa 'kjhQ lkgc dks ysdj nwljk ghfookn py jgk gSA [kkunkuh O;kikjh ?kjkus lsrkYyqd j[kusokys 'kjhQ lkgc vius 'kkgh'kku&vks&'kkSdr ds fy, tkus tkrs jgs gSaA yacsfuokZlu ds ckn yksdrkaf=kd rjhds ls ikfdLrkuds çèkkuea=kh cus 'kjhQ lkgsc dh dSfcusV us'kjhQ lkgc ds fy, nks ch,eMCyw 7 lhjht dhdkjksa dk vkMZj ns fn;k gSA nksuksa dkjksa dh dher224 fefy;u ikfdLrkuh #i;k cSBsxkA ikfdLrkudh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ;g jde d÷N oSlh gh

gS fd ,d n'kd igys Bhd ikfdLrku jsyos us2002&03 esa bruk gh cM+k equkQk dek;k FkkA

ysfdu loky uokt 'kjhQ dh lqj{kk dkgks rks ladksp ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tks ch,eMCywdaiuh viuh lsosu lhjht dh nks xkfM+;ka cqysVçwQfQfVax vkSj vU; lSU; lktks lkeku ds lkFkikfdLrku ds çèkkuea=kh dks lkSai jgh gS] oghch,eMCyw ,d n'kd igys Hkkjr ds çèkkuea=kheueksgu flag dks ,slh gh nks xkfM+;k¡ csp pqdhgSA teZuh dh dkj daiuh ds fy, ;g mldkO;kikj gS] vkSj O;kikj esa lhekvksa dk dksbZladksp dgk¡ gksrk gS\ gesa blls eryc Hkh ughagksuk pkfg,A ysfdu eryc ftl loky ls gksrkgS og ;g fd ikfdLrku esa ,d ,slh yksdrkaf=kd

ljdkj gS tks vxj lqj{kk ds uke ij gh lgh]eg¡xh xkfM+;ksa ds vkMZj nsrk gS rks ikfdLrku dhvkoke ml ij loky mBk ldrh gSA loky mBk

jgh gSAdk sb Z dYiuk dj

ldrk gS fd lSU; 'kkluds rys T;knkrj oäfcrkusokys ikfdLrku esavOoy rk s dksbZ , slkçèkkuea=kh gksxk tks vkeZMZch,eMCyw&7 ds ckjs esalkspsxk\ vkSj vxj lkspsxkrks bruh eksVh jde [kpZdju s ds ckn mldhvkykspuk gks ldsxh\ ;snksuksa ckrsa nks ckrksa dh rjQladsr djrh gSaA igyh ;gfd ikfdLrku 'kk;n ogdHkh ugha jgk] tSlk gekjstsgu esa clk fn;k x;k gSvkSj nwljk ;g fd yksdra=kesa Hkz"Vkpkj ds fy, txgrHkh curh gS tc nfc'knsdj fojksèk dh cafn'k gkstkrh gSA vxj ikfdLrku

dbZ bysDVªkWfud vkSj fçaV ehfM;k esaukSdjh djus dk fodYi [kqyk gksus dsckotwn mUgksaus foLQksV dk jkLrk pqukftls muds nksLr ^vkRegR;k* dh laKknsrs gSaA ysfdu lat; ds fy, ;g^vkRegR;k* ^eks{k* dk ekxZ gSA

lat; frokjh

lat; frokjh

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vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqíkds çèkkuea=kh ds [kpZs ij ikfdLrkuh ehfM;kloky mBk jgk gS rks tkfgj gS] fojksèk ij dksbZ,slh cafn'k ugha gS fd çèkkuea=kh dh lqj{kk rdij loky mBk fn;s tk,¡A vkf[kjdkj ikfdLrkuds çèkkuea=kh uokt 'kjhQ vius ?kjsyw ekspZs ijbl oä tks tax yM+ jgs gSa mlesa mudh lqj{kkdh fpark esa e¡gxh ch,eMCyw [kjhnuk dksbZ cqjhckr rks ugha gSA fQj loky jktdks"k dk gks rksikfdLrku dk ehfM;k fpafrr fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA

;kuh ikfdLrku ds Hkhrj ,d ,slk ikfdLrkugS] ftlls ge dekscs'k vutku gh gSaA ,d vkeHkkjrh; ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs gekjs tsgu dkikfdLrku nks lkekU; lh le> ls cu tkrk gSfd ;g og ,d bLykfed jk"Vª gS tks fgUnweqfLye caVokjs dh ekufldrk ls cuk Fkk vkSjnwljk ogk¡ lsuk vkSj vkradoknh* feydj Hkkjrds f[kykQr okyh ljdkj pykrs gSaA Hkkjr dklkekU; ukxfjd ikfdLrku ds ckjs esa eksVs rkSj ijbUgha nks èkkj.kkvksa ds lkFk iyrk c<+rk gSA blfy,ikfdLrku ds uke vkrs gh mlds tsgu esa vkSjtqcku ij uQjr dh ,d LokHkkfod çfrfØ;kgksrh gSA ,slk ugha gS fd ;s nksuksa ckrsa xyr gSaAyacs le; rd lsuk& vkbZ,lvkbZ vkSj lhvkbZ,ds xBtksM+ us ikfdLrku dks ftl rkfycku dkrksgQk fn;k gS mldh cM+h dher vkt [kqnikfdLrku pqdk jgk gSA chrs ,d n'kd esa 'kk;ngh dksbZ fnu ,slk chrk gks ftl fnu ikfdLrkufdlh u fdlh ;qð ls u xqtjk gksA ftl èkkfeZdmUeku vkSj 'kqðrkokn us ikfdLrku iSnk fd;kFkk] ikfdLrku mldh Hkh dksbZ de dher ughapqdk jgk gSA iwohZ ikfdLrku ds ckaXykns'k cutkus dh Vhl ogk¡ vkt Hkh iatkch çHkqlÙkkoknhtsgu esa rjksrktk gS vkSj tc&rc mldk xqLlkvkSj lkft'k Hkkjr ds f[kykQ tkfgj gksrk jgkgSA

uokt 'kjhQ dks cqykus ds cgkus gh lgh]ikfdLrku ,d ckj fQj ppkZ esa gSA ikfdLrkudk uke vkrs gh tSlk fojksèk gksuk pkfg,] oSlkfojksèk Hkh gS ysfdu bl ckj fojksèk djrs le;,d ckr ij xkSj t:j Qjekb;sxk fd vki fdlikfdLrku ls ckr djuk pkgrs gSa\ ml ikfdLrkuls ftlls vc rd ckr djrs vk;s gSa ;k mlikfdLrku ls ftlls vkius dHkh ckr ugha dh\ysfdu ikfdLrku dsoy bruk Hkj ugha jgk gS]dHkhA ;g og ikfdLrku Fkk tks Hkkjr dksfn[kk;k tk jgk FkkA ;k fQj ,slk Hkh dg ldrsgSa fd viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj gesa ,slk gh ikfdLrkuns[kus esa lgwfy;r jgrh FkhA ysfdu bl ikfdLrkuls ijs lSU; 'kklu vkSj pjeiaFkh dêj èkkfeZdleqnk;ksa ds chp ls ,d ,slk ikfdLrku Hkhiuik] iyk vkSj c<+k tks bfrgkl dh fdrkcksa esa

flQZ Hkkjr ds f[kykQ uQjr dh [kqjkd ysdjugha vk;k FkkA og tekr tks lsuktksjh vkSjtehankjh ds iSls ls ikfdLrku ij vn'; gqdwerdjrh vk jgh Fkh] mlus ikfdLrku esa ,d ,slkeè;oxZ Hkh fufeZr fd;k tks vkt bDdhlohalnh esa u flQZ nqfu;k ds lkFk dnerky dj jghgS cfYd mldh vkèkqfudrk ds lkeus vesfjdkvkSj ;wjksi Hkh 'keZ ls ikuh ikuh gks tk,axsA çfrO;fä vk; ds ekeys esa Hkys gh ikfdLrku dk,d vke balku nqfu;k ds ik;nku ij 139osauacj ij [kM+k utj vkrk gS ysfdu ,dvFkZO;oLFkk ds :i esa ikfdLrku nqfu;k dh39oha vFkZO;oLFkk rks gS ghA bDdhloha lnh esanqfu;k dh tks lcls cM+h 11 vFkZO;oLFkk,¡gksusokyh gSa mlesa ikfdLrku 11osa ik;nku ijns[kk tk jgk gSA xksYMeSu lS'k dk vuqeku gS fd2050 rd ikfdLrku nqfu;k dh 18oha lclscM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gks tk,xhA

tkfgj gS] vxj ikfdLrku ds Åaph Nykaxyxkus dh Hkfo";okf.k;k¡ dh tk jgh gSa rksnqfu;k ds vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa vkSj lekt'kkfL=k;ksa dksikfdLrku dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj lekt O;oLFkkesa t:j ,d ,slk yphykiu utj vk jgk gS tksgekjh ^rkfyckuh le>* ls FkksM+k vyx gSAikfdLrku ds enjlksa ds fdLls rks geus [kwc lqusgksaxs ysfdu gesa 'kk;n ;g irk ugha fd caVokjsds le; ,d foÜofo|ky; ysdj vyx gq,ikfdLrku esa vkt 136 foÜofo|ky; gSaAfoÜofo|ky;ksa ls vyx ikfdLrku esa rhu gtkjls T;knk mPp rduhdh f'k{kk laLFkku lapkfyrgks jgs gSaA baVjusV vkSj eksckby VsyhQksu esafiNM+s ikfdLrku esa u;h ljdkj 4-6 vjc MkWyjdk iwathfuos'k djus tk jgh gS rkfd lapkj vkSjlwpuk rduhdh dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA fQjHkh ikfdLrku nqfu;k ds mu 'kh"kZ ns'kksa esa gS tgk¡baVjusV dh fodkl xfr lcls rst gSA vkt 19djksM+ dh vkcknhokys ikfdLrku esa 14 djksM+ lsvfèkd eksckby dusD'ku gSaA ikfdLrku ds Ngeksckby vkijsVjksa esa pkj lapkj dh vkèkqfudrduhdh Fkzh th dh lsok,¡ vius miHkksäkvksa dksns jgs gSaA 2012 esa 58 çfr'kr lk{kjrk okykikfdLrku 2015 rd 100 çfr'kr lk{kjrk dsy{; dks lkeus j[kdj dke dj jgk gSA vkSjblds fy, flQZ bLykfed enjls lfØ; ugha gSaAde yksxksa dks irk gS fd phuh Hkk"kk dh i<+kbZds lkFk lkFk ikfdLrku bl oä baxfy'k ehfM;edks çkFkfed Lrj ij gh ykxw djus dh rS;kjh djpqdk gSA

;kuh] ikfdLrku ds Hkhrj ,d ,slk vkèkqfudikfdLrku gS ftlls ,d vkoke ds crkSj geiwjh rjg vufHkK vkSj vutku gSaA ikfdLrku dh

laLÑfr] lH;rk vkSj fojklr dks bLykfedekudj blds VwVs gq, rkjksa dks tksM+us dh geusdHkh dksf'k'k ugha dhA cfYd mYVs geus viustsgu esa ,d ,slk ikfdLrku clk fy;k ftllsnq'euh djus esa gesa cM+h lgwfy;r lh gksrh gSA,d ,slk pjeiaFkh bLykfed ns'k ftlls flQZ;qð yM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj lSU; rkdr dkbLrseky djds usLrukcwr djds vius 'kkS;Z dhdforkbZ xkbZ tk ldrh gSaA nqHkkZX; ls ftljk"Vªoknh jktuhfrd fopkjèkkjk dh rjQ lslacaèk j[kusokys ujsUæ eksnh us uokt 'kjhQ dkuke fy;k gS] ml jktuhfrd fopkjèkkjk usges'kk ikfdLrku ds blh 'kDy ls okLrk j[kk gSAHkkjr ds gqDejkuksa us Hkh blh ikfdLrku ls T;knkeryc j[kk tks tsgkn dh dfFkr QSfDVª;k¡ lapkfyrdjrs Fks vkSj Hkkjr ds f[kykQ ges'kk v?kksf"kr;qð yM+rs jgrs FksA ysfdu bl iwjh dok;n esaog ikfdLrku gekjh vk¡[kksa ls ges'kk vks>ygksrk x;k tks ogk¡ dk cgqla[; vkoke gks pqdkgSA geus dHkh ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k ugha dhikfdLrku nf{k.k ,f'k;k dk ,dek=k ,slk ns'k gSftldh 40 Qhlnh vkcknh 'kgjh gks pqdh gSAge ges'kk ml rkfycku ij gh utj xM+k;s gq,gSa d'ehj ls ysdj fnYyh rd vius vkradoknhHkstdj ce foLQksV djok nsrk gSA

,d ns'k ds crkSj gels 'kk;n ;g j.kuhfrdpwd gqbZ gSA gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus ,d vkèkqfudikfdLrku iyk vkSj c<+k ysfdu ge ml ikfdLrkuls ckr djrs jgs tks vly esa ikfdLrku Fkk ghughaA vkèkqfudrk vkSj miHkksäkokn us ikfdLrkuesa Hkh ogh vkoke iSnk fd;k gS ftlds cwrs Hkkjrnqfu;k dh nwljh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gksus dknkok dj jgk gSA fQj Hkyk] gekjs gqdejku gesaml ikfdLrku ls feyus feyokus dk ekSdk D;ksaugha nsrs ftlds fy, èkeZ mldh jkstejkZ dhftUnxh esa flQZ vkLFkk Hkj txg j[krk gSAdBeqYys ekSyfo;ksa ds ns'k ds :i esa ikfdLrkuls gekjh igpku gesa vc rd ikfdLrku ds mlvkoke ls nwj fd;s gq, gS tks de ls devkèkqfudrk dh lh<+h ij gekjs lkFk [kM+h gSA D;kvc oä ugha vk x;k gS fd Hkkjr ml ikfdLrkuls ckr djus dh igy djs\ bl nkSj esa ;g ckrblfy, Hkh t:jh gS D;ksafd ftl dBeqYykiuls Hkkjr ckr djrk vk;k gS ml dBeqYykiu dsf[kykQ [kqn ikfdLrku esa tcnZLr gYykcksypy jgk gSA

r; dj yhft,] vki fdl ikfdLrku lsfdl ikfdLrku ds ckjs esa ckr djuk ilandjsaxs\ D;ksafd tks vki ilan djsaxs] ogh ikfdLrkuvkils eq[kkfrc gksxkA

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ge lc ,d ehfM;k lekt esa jgus yxs gSaAvfr laidZ ,d gdhdr gS vkSj vc vknrA,d nwljs dks ns[kdj ,d nwljs ds tSlk gksus yxsgSaA Vhoh ij ugha gksrs gSa rks ehfM;k ds fdlh vkSjekè;e esa gksrs gSaA nqfu;k Hkj esa bl fo"k; ij'kksèk gksus yxs gSaA bldh vknrksa ls futkr fnykusds fy, euksfpfdRld iSnk gks x, gSaA ge lcdksyxrk gS fd vkèkqfud gksus dk eryc gh gSfujarj laoknA bl çfØ;k esa vè;;u vkSj fpUruxk;c gks x;k gSA ns[kuk can gks x;k gSA

ge bl Hkze esa jgus yxs gSa fd lEidksZa vkSjlEcaèkksa dk foLrkj gks jgk gSA t+jk vki Q+slcqd;k OgkV~l vi ds lacafèk;ksa dh lwph ij x+kSjdhft;sA V~ohVj ij t+:j dHkh Hkh dksbZ u;k vktkrk gS exj vki ftudk vuqlj.k djrs gSa mllwph ij x+kSj dhft;sA ekewyh gsjQsj ds lkFk lcLFkk;h gks pqds gSaA ge lcdk ,d d÷vk¡ cupqdk gSA unh gksus dk Hkze ikys ge lks'kyehfM;k ds NksVs NksVs d÷,¡ esa jg jgs gSa ftlesa dbZckj vyx vyx d÷vksa ls vk, esa<d VjVjkrsjgrs gSaA gesa yxrk gS fd ;gh txr vkSj tkx:drkdk :i gSA tcfd ,slk ugha gSA geus blh dksLokHkkfod eku fy;k gSA cktkj us fofHkérk dhmRlqdrk dks da÷n dj fn;k gSA ge lcds viusvius czkaM r; gSaA 'kVZ ls ysdj ij¶;we rd dsczkaMA ge bu lc mRiknksa ds p;u esa igys lsde ifjJe vkSj ç;ksx djrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fdvkidk ;g ys[kd mez ds fdlh fLFkj iM+ko esavk x;k gS! ysfdu D;k ;g lgh ugha fd czkaMcuus dh Nk;k lks'ky ehfM;k esa gekjs O;ogkjesa fn[krh gSA lks'ky ehfM;k ij ekStwn gj 'k[l,d czkaM gSA oks czkaM gh cuus ds fy, vkrqj gSA

tks gS mllsdgha vyxAgesa erycHkh ugha fdml czkaM dhgdhdr D;kgSA gesa dgk¡bl ckr lsQdZ iM+rk gSfd ftl czkaMdks ge èkkj.kdjrs gSa oks vius deZpkfj;ksa ls dSlk crkZodjrk gSA ckgjh :i gh lR; gSA blh dk vkReçn'kZu gSA ge lc dqN vyx yxuk pkgrs gSaijUrq bl Øe esa ,d tSlk gks tk jgs gSaA

[kqn ds ckjs esa crkÅ¡ rks dg ldrk gw¡ fdesjh lks'ky nqfu;k pan yksxksa ls pSV rd fleVxbZ gSA vkids fy, Hkh laHko ugha gS fd ,dlhfer la[;k ls T;knk yksxksa ls lEidZ j[k ldsaAftuls ckr djrk gw¡ muls ;k rks dHkh eqykdkrugha gS ;k cgqr fnuksa ls ugha gSA 'kCnksa vkSjokD;ksa ds t+fj;s esjk vkHkklh :i gS vkSj esjsikl vkidkA dbZ ckj yxrk gS fd vki eq>s oksle>rs gSa tks eSa gw¡ ugha vkSj dbZ ckj ,slk gh eSavkids ckjs esa lksprk gw¡A ge lc yxkrkj çkstsDVgksus dh çfØ;k esa gSA iwjh nqfu;k esa bl O;ogkjij xgu 'kksèk gks jgs gSaA 'kk;n Hkkjr esa Hkh gksjgs gksaxs exj vHkh lkoZtfud cgl dk fgLlkugha cu ik;s gSaA

bl çkstsDV gksus dh çfØ;k esa gekjh rLohjsadqN vkSj gh cksy jgh gksrh gSaA gekjh gksrs gq, Hkhgekjh ugha yxrhA ge rLohjksa ds t+fj;s [kqn dsns[ks tkus dk rjhdk Hkh r; dj jgs gSaA lsYQhADykst viA ;g gekjk vkHkklh O;fäRo gekjsvly dks Hkh çHkkfor dj jgk gSA 'kCnksa ds vkjikj HkkoukRed fj'rs cu jgs gSaA dbZ ekeyksa esa;g vPNk gS vkSj dbZ ekeyksa esa [k+rjukdA ij;g rks okLrfod txr esa Hkh gSA vki ftlls

feyr s g S am l d kckgjh :igh rks tkursg S a A lg hx+yr gksusd s [ k rj sogk¡ Hkh gSaA,d QdZ gSAl k s ' k yehfM;k dk

gj laokn ,d nLrkost+ gSAgn rks rc gS tc ge fyf[kr laokn Hkh bl

Hkze esa djrs gSa fd dksbZ vkSj ugha i<+ jgk ;kftls i<+uk gS i<+ ys D;k Q+dZ iM+rk gSA 'kadkvkSj vkRefoÜokl dh nhokjksa dks jkst+ rksM+rs gSaAgekjs Hkhrj 'kCnksa dh ,d ,slh nqfu;k cu tkrhgS tks gj oä pyk;eku gSA ge yxkrkj laokndh çfØ;k esa gSA fnekx+ 'kkar ugha gksrkA ckrdjus dk nk;jk Hkh ekSr ds dq,¡ dh rjg gSftlesa ge uhps ls j¶+rkj idM+rs gq, Åijigq¡prs gSa vkSj fQj uhps vk tkrs gSaA ckd+h yksx>k¡d dj rek'kk ns[k jgs gksrs gSaA bl Øe esagekjk otwn dqN jgk ughaA u tkus fdruh ckjjkSank tkrk gS fdruh ckj [kM+k gks tkrk gSA tcvki lks'ky ehfM;k ds lEidZ esa ugha gksrs rcHkh vkidk fnekx+ ?ku?kuk jgk gksrk gSA blnqfu;k esa dksbZ Hkh vuar vkdk'k ls ugha tqM+k gSAlcds vius vius Vkiw gSaA bu Vkiqvksa ij fl;klhtynL;qvksa ds geys gksrs jgrs gSaA ge [kqn dkscnydj dqN vkSj gksrs jgrs gSaA

,d cgq:fi;k lalkj jpk tk jgk gSA tksblds nk;js ls ckgj gS oks dSls th jgk gSA tcdHkh lc can dj nsrk gw¡ rks dbZ yksxksa dh ;knvkrh gSA vd÷ykgV gksrh gSA lkekU; gksus esa oäyxrk gSA dbZ yksxksa us vkgr gksus dh lgulhekdk foLrkj fd;k gS rks dqN us ladqfpr fd;kgSA ;gk¡ ckr djuk tksf[ke dk dke gks x;k gSA

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lcdh vis{kkvksa ij [kjs mrjus dk bErgku gSlks'ky ehfM;k esa laoknA ge lc ,d lsuk esacny pqds gSaA fVìh ny dh rjg geyk djrs gSaAgeyk >syrs gSaA tYnh gh lks'ky ehfM;k ds iéksaij foÜo ;qð lk gksus okyk gSA cfYd NksV&eksVsdbZ ;qð ;k rks gks pqds gSa ;k py jgs gSaA blesaekjs tkus okys ;k ?kk;y oSls ugha gksaxs tSls vlyesa gksrs gSaA cfYd fnekx+h :i ls vkgr yksxksa dhla[;k c<+sxhA mlds :i cny tk;saxsA dbZ yksxksadks bl cspkSuh dh çfØ;k ls xqtjrs ns[kk gSA

eSa ;gh tkuuk pkgrk gw¡ fd bu lcus gesadSls cnyk gS\ vki dSls cnys gSa\ dgha geigys ls T;knk vdsys ugha gq, gSa\ fujarj laoknus lekt dks tkx:drk ds uke ij vaèkJðk nhgS ;k lpeqp ;g dksbZ vyx lekt gS tks lkspusds Lrj ij igys ls dgha vfèkd tkx:d vkSjltx gSA ij vki tkuus ds fy, fdruk ç;kldjrs gSaA eSa [kqn nks rhu ls t+~;knk osclkbV ughans[krk vkSj vki\ tks 'ks;j djrk gw¡ mls Hkh deyksx i<+rs gSaA dgha ge vius tkus gq, dks gh rksugha eFkrs jgrs gSa tgk¡ rF; ihNs jg tkrk gS vkSjHkko Åij vk tkrk gSA fdrus yksx gSa tksfu"Bkvksa ds vkj&ikj tkdj jkst tkuus vkSj utkuus ds chp dh ;k=kk djrs jgrs gSaA vki gSa rkscrkb;sxkA

njvly dbZ yksx vyx&vyx igpku lsbaVjusV ;wtlZ cu jgs gSaA baVjusV ,d ,slhVsDuksykWth ds :i esa gekjs lkeus vk;k gS] tksmi;ksx ds fy, lcdks miyC/ gS vkSj loZfgrk;gSA lks'ky usVofd±x lkbV~l lapkj o lwpuk dkl'kä tfj;k gSa] ftuds ekè;e ls yksx viuhckr fcuk fdlh jksd&Vksd ds j[k ikrs gSaA ;ghals u;k ehfM;k] osc ehfM;k] lks'ky ehfM;k ;kfQj oSdfYid ehfM;k dk Lo:i fodflrgqvk gSA vkt lks'ky usVofd±x nqfu;k Hkj esabaVjusV ij gksus okyh uacj ou xfrfof/ gS]blls igys ;g LFkku iksuksZxzkQh dks gkfly FkkAlks'ky ehfM;k dk bfrgkl cgqr iqjkuk ugha gSAyxHkx ,d n'kd dk gS] fdUrq d÷N gh o"kks± esalks'ky ehfM;k ds tfj, vk;h Lora=k vfHkO;fädh Økafr us tks viuk tyok fn[kyk;k gS] mllsiwjh lYrur pkSaf/;k xbZ gS ,dckjxhA

vke tu dh lgt vfHkO;fä dk ;gLora=k ekè;e /hjs&/hjs ik¡pos LraHk ds :i esrCnhy gksrk tk jgk gS vkSj ;gh ljdkj dhfpark dk lcls cMk dkj.k gSA nqfu;k esa Hkkjrgh ,dek=k ,slk ns'k gS] tgk¡ lekpkj&i=k yxkrkjofð dj jgs gSaA mudh ofð nj djhc 12çfr'kr gSA tcfd vU; ns'kksa esa o"kks± iqjkus vkSj

LFkkfir lekpkj i=k can gks jgs gSaA blh chplks'ky ehfM;k ,d ubZ rkdr cudj mHkjk gSAbl ekè;e dks vke tu ls tksM+dj ns[kk tk jgkgS] tgk¡ u çdk'kd ds u[kjs gSa vkSj u laiknddh dSaph pyrh gSA ,sls esa vke vkneh dh ihM+klh/s&lh/s xw¡t tkrh gS ifjn'; eas] tks fdlh HkhyksdrU=k ds fy, ,d vko';d igyw gSA crk;ktk jgk gS] fd lks'ky ehfM;k ds mi;ksx dsdkj.k gh yksxksa esa jktuhfrd tkx:drk vkSjle> c<+h gSA

'kq#vkr gks pqdh gS fnYyh ds pquko ifj.kkelsA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha] fd lks'ky ehfM;k usgh vke vkneh ikVhZ dks egRoiw.kZ jktuhfrdny cuus esa enn dh gSA igys rks vke vknehikVhZ ds i{k esa ekgkSy cuk;k x;k vkSj fQj mlsefgekeafMr fd;k x;kA foxr 8 fnlacj dhlqcg fganh iêh ds pkj jkT;ksa esa fo/kulHkkpqukoksa dh erx.kuk dh rktk tkudkjh nsus dsfy, U;wt pkSuyksa us [kkl rS;kjh dh Fkh] fdUrqlks'ky ehfM;k ij ljxehZ ns[krs gq, yxrk Fkkfd lks'ky ehfM;k ds jfld Hkh mlls ihNs ughagSaA lks'ky ehfM;k esa lqcg ls gh pquko ifj.kkeksadks ysdj mRlqdrk utj vkus yxh FkhA

pquko urhtksa ds fnu tc vke vkneh ikVhZds leFkZd vkSj usrk ikVhZ ds dsaæh; fnYyh fLFkrdk;kZy; esa ikVhZ dh jktuhfr esa /ekdsnkj ,aVªhdk t'u euk jgs Fks rc ikVhZ ds dkS'kkach fLFkrn¶rj esa ,d ;qod pkj Vhoh LØhu ds lkeusvdsyk cSBk vius ySiVkWi vkSj VscysV ds tfj,nqfu;k Hkj esa QSys ikVhZ leFkZdksa ls tqM+k gqvkFkkA ikVhZ ds csgrj çn'kZu dk mRlkg psgjs ijutj vk jgk Fkk ysfdu Å¡xfy;k¡ dke esa e'kxwyFkhaA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckjlks'ky ehfM;k dh Nki pqukoh urhtksa ij utjvkbZ gSA vki dh dke;koh dks ns[krs gq, yxHkxlHkh jktuhfrd ny lks'ky ehfM;k dks çpkj dsçeq[k lk/u ds :i esa viuk jgs gSa ;k viukusdk eu cuk jgs gSaA

ftl rjg ls vly jktuhfr esa dhpM+mNkyus vkSj Nfo [kjkc djus dk [ksy pyrkgS og ;gk¡ lks'ky ehfM;k esa Hkh gSA tks ilan ugha;k ftldh Nfo [kjkc djuh gks mlds uke ls,d vkbZMh cukvks vkSj mlh ls mldk etkdcukvksA dkaxzslh [kses [kkldj jkgqy] lksfu;k dkslcls T;knk ijs'kku djus okys lqcze.;e Lokehus fV~oVj ij Hkh ;gh dke tksj&'kksj ls fd;kFkkA

,d losZ ds vuqlkj ns'k dh 160 lalnh;lhVksa ij lks'ky ehfM;k ;kuh ogh 18 lky ls

Åij dk LekVZQksu] VScysV okyk ukStoku r;djsxk fd laln dkSu igq¡psxkA vans'kk ;g HkhO;ä fd;k tk jgk gS] fd 2014 dk yksdlHkkpquko lks'ky ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls gh yM+ktk,xkA

lks'ky ehfM;k ds c<+rs çHkko dks ns[krs gq,pquko vk;ksx us dgk gS fd jktuhfrd nyksa vkSjçR;kf'k;ksa ds tfj, lks'ky ehfM;k ij iksLV dhtkus okyh lkexzh pquko vkpkj lafgrk ds nk;jsesa vk,xhA pquko vk;ksx us lHkh jkT;ksa ds eq[;pquko vf/dkfj;ksa vkSj lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa dsçeq[kksa dks Hksts ,d i=k esa dgk gS] ^^pquko esaikjnf'kZrk vkSj cjkcjh ds eqdkcys dks cuk,j[kus ds fy, lks'ky ehfM;k ij fu;a=k.k dht:jr gSA**

fiNys nks&rhu lkyksa esa lks'ky ehfM;k dkçHkko tksjnkj rjhds ls c<+k gSA fçaV vkSjbysDVªksfud ehfM;k ls vyx viuk otwn ryk'krklks'ky ehfM;k vke vkneh dh vkokt cudjrsth ls foLrkfjr gks jgk gSA vki tks d÷N Hkhfy[krs gSa] i{k ;k foi{k esa vkidks RofjrçfrfØ;k] Rofjr fVIif.k;k¡ çkIr gks tkrh gSa]pkgs eqEcbZ dh vkradoknh ?kVuk jgh gks] ;k fQjvék dk vu'kuA ehfM;k dks lekt eas viuhfo'oluh;rk dk;e j[kuh gksrh gS vkSj lks'kyehfM;k us ;gh lc fd;k gS foxr dbZ o"kks± esaAiqjkus tekus esa eq¡g ls fudyh vkokt T;knk cM+siSekus ij ugha igq¡p ikrh Fkh ysfdu vkt dstekus esa ;g dkQh çHkko'kkyh gSA vxj vkivius fopkjksa dks CykWx] iksVZy] fV~oVj] Qslcqd;k fdlh vU; usVodZ ekè;e ij j[krs gSa rks ;gvf/d ls vf/d yksxksa rd igq¡prk gS vkSj dele; esa gh ;g ppkZ dk fo"k; cu tkrk gSA ;ghdkj.k gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k ;kuh CykWx vkevkneh dh vkokt cuus dh fn'kk es vU;ehfM;k ekè;eksa ls T;knk ç[kj vkSj /kjnkjcurk tk jgk gSA

tgk¡ rd lekt fuekZ.k esa lks'ky ehfM;kdh Hkwfedk dk ç'u gS] rks orZeku ehfM;k d÷NvFkksZ esa dsoy oftZr {ks=kksa esa n[ky nsdj ,slhrLohj cukuk pkgrk gS] ftlesa dksbZ lkaLÑfrd<kapk ns[kus dh xqatkb'k u cpsA daB ls daB rdçpkfjr&çlkfjr gk srh jgus okyh Hkkjrh;lkaLÑfrd yksd /kj.kkvksa dks njfdukj dj tksu;s fodYi nsus ds ç;kl py jgs gSa] muesaeuq";rk yqIr gksrh utj vk jgh gSA

gkfy;k ?kVukvksa esa jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh;ehfM;k us vius dsoy blh :i dk ifjp;fn;k gSA foxr d÷N o"kZ igys iM+kslh jk"Vª usiky

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lks'ky ehfM;kesa lewps jkt ifjokj dh gR;k dh [kcj jk"Vªh;vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; ehfM;k txr ds fy;s ,d ,slhelkysnkj [kcj Fkh] ftlesa mls dsoy fcdkÅeky fn[k jgk FkkA ek¡&cki] HkkbZ&cgu]pkpk&pkph] jktk&çtk jk"Vª dh vlqj{kkeuq";ghurk] laosnu'khyrk] vjktdrk mldslekpkj dFkkvksa ds fo"k; ugh cu ik;sA nso;kuhjk.kk vkSj ;qojkt nhisUæ ds çse esa ls Hkh ehfM;kus flQZ ogh elkyk fudkyk tks fcdus yk;dFkkA ml le; nso;kuh dh rLohjsa ysus ds fy;scsrkc Nk;kdkj vkSj dSejkeSuksa ds fy;s blle; nso;kuh u [kcj gS u gh elkykA vejhdkesa fo'o O;kikj dsUæ ds Hkou fxjus esa ehfM;kdks os lkjs elkys feys] ftUgsa og cspus dhfLFkfr esa Fkk] ysfdu ekuork ij [krjs mls ughafn[ksA v;ksè;k ls xks/jk vkSj vgenkckn rdehfM;k us [kwc fcdkÅ eky ik;k] ysfdu euq";rkdk vlyh vkSj udyh psgjk vyx&vyx djusesa og vlQy jgk D;ksafd bl vyxko esa mlsxks/jk dh t?kU; ?kVuk dks T;knk egRo nsukiM+rk gS ;g gky fçUV vkSj bysDVªkfud nksuksa ghlapkj ekè;eksa dk jgk gSA fLFkfr ;g gS fdorZeku ehfM;k ls lekt dk dsUæh; rRo euq";vkSj dsUæh; Hkko ekuork nksuksa gh vn'; gksusyxs gSaA

,d 'kks/ ds eqrkfcd lsDl ftruk ghjkspd gS lks'ky ehfM;kA Qslcqd lfgr vU;lks'ky usVodZ lkbV~l ij vius fopkj iksLVdjus ls fnekx dks oSls gh vkuan dh vuqHkwfrgksrh gS] tSlh lsDl djus ;k Hkkstu [kkus ls gksrhgSA gkoZMZ ;wfuoflZVh }kjk djk, x, ,d 'kks/ esa;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gSA 'kks/ ds eqrkfcd tcge vius vuqHkoksa ls tqM+h fdlh ckr dks mtkxjdjrs gSa] rks Mksisekbu Lovkuan ls tqM+s jlk;ugekjs fnekx ds {ks=k esa çfrfØ;k gksrh gSA nksU;wjkslkbafVLV }kjk fd;k x;k ;g 'kks/ çkslhfMaxlvkWQ n us'kuy vdsMeh vkWQ lkbalst tuZy esaçdkf'kr gqvk gSA 'kks/drkZvksa ds eqrkfcd vkerkSjij tc yksx ckr djrs gSa] rks mlds 30 ls 40çfr'kr fgLls esa vius futh vuqHkoksa dkvknku&çnku djrs gSa] ysfdu tc ckr lks'kyehfM;k dh vkrh gS] rks vk¡dMk 80 Qhlnh rdpyk tkrk gSA fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd euq"; bruh#fp ls xgjh ckrsa mtkxj djrk gSA D;ksafd ,slkdjus ls og vius vkarfjd ewY;ksa dks çdVdjrk gS] gkykafd vè;;u esa Qslcqd dk fo'ks"krkSj ij mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/ dkmís'; yksxksa }kjk viuh Hkkoukvksa o fopkjksa dksnwljksa ds lkeus O;ä djus ls fnekx esa gksus okyhçfrfØ;k ij è;ku dsafær djuk FkkA lekt esa

rsth ls lks'ky ehfM;k ds yksdfç; gksus dk ,dcMk dkj.k ;g Hkh gSA

u, lkekftd ehfM;k ds O;kid foLrkj dslkFk&lkFk blds dbZ udkjkRed i{k Hkh mHkjdjlkeus vk jgs gSaA esjB esa gqbZ ,d ?kVuk uslkekftd ehfM;k ds [krjukd i{k dks mtkxjfd;k gSA okd;k ;g gqvk fd ml fd'kksj usQslcqd ij ,d ,slh rLohj viyksM dj nh tksog vkifÙktud Fkh] bl rLohj ds viyksM gksrsgh d÷N ?kaVs ds Hkhrj ,d leqnk; ds lSdMksxqLlk;s yksx lM+dksa ij mrj vk,A tcrd ç'kklule> ikrk fd ektjk D;k gS] esjB esa naxs dsgkykr cu x,A ç'kklu us gkykr dks fcxM+usugha fn;k vkSj tYn gh og QksVks viyksM djusokys rd Hkh igq¡p x;kA yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fdikjEifjd ehfM;k ds vkifÙktud O;ogkj dhrqyuk esa u, lkekftd ehfM;k ds bl ;qx dkvkifÙktud O;ogkj dbZ ek;us esa vyx gSA u,lkekftd ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls tgk¡ xM+cM+hvklkuh ls QSykbZ tk ldrh gS] ogha yxHkxxqeuke jgdj Hkh bl dk;Z dks vatke fn;k tkldrk gSA gkykafd ;g lp ugha gS] vxj dksf'k'kdh tk;s rks lks'ky ehfM;k ij vkifÙktudO;kogkj djus okys dks idM+k tk ldrk gS vkSjbu ?kVukvksa dh iqujkofÙk dks jksdk Hkh tkldrk gSA dsoy esjB ds ml fd'kksj dk idM+ktkuk gh bldk mnkgj.k ugha gS] cfYd lks'kyehfM;k dh gh nsu gS fd yanu naxksa esa 'kkfeydbZ yksxksa dks ogk¡ dh iqfyl us idM+k vkSjmuds f[kykQ eqdnes Hkh ntZ fd,A vkSj Hkh dbZmnkgj.k gS tSls cSadqvj naxs ds dbZ vge lqjkxesa lks'ky ehfM;k dh cMh Hkwfedk jghA felz dsrgjhj pkSd vkSj V~;wuhf'k;k ds tSfLeu fjoksY;w'kuesa bl u, lks'ky ehfM;k dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedkdks dSls udkjk tk ldrk gSA

esjk ekuuk gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k lektfuekZ.k ds fy, vkt gekjs ikl ,d vPNk vL=kgSA bldk lgh fn'kk esa ç;ksx djus dh vko';drkgSA gkykafd fgUnh cksyus okyksa dh d÷y tula[;kdk dsoy 22 çfr'kr gh jktuhfrd] lkekftd]vè;kRe] n'kZu] /eZ] laLÑfr vkfn fo"k;ksa esaç[kj gLr{ksi j[kus okys fgUnh CykWx] osc if=kdk,¡;k fQj osc iksVZy vfLrRo esa gSA

mlesa Hkh çk;% T;knkrj dbZ&dbZ eghuksa rdviMsV ugha gks ikrs] ,sls esa t:jr gS ,dvfHk;ku NsM+dj ehfM;k ds bl yksdrkaf=kdekè;e dks nq:Lr fd;k tk,A T;knk ls T;knkyksxksa dks blls tksM+us dh fn'kk esa ç;kl fd;stk,¡A dksf'k'k ;g dh tk, fd çR;sd ifjokjdk de ls de dksbZ ,d lnL; lks'ky ehfM;k

ls vo'; tqMs+ vkSj vius vkl&ikl dh folaxfr;ksaij] gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ij ;k fQj vlkekftdxfrfof/;ksa ij vius CykWx] osc if=kdk ;k fQjCykWx iksVZy ij [kqydj fy[ksaA mls foe'kZ dk:i nsa rkfd ;g ekè;e ,d LoLFk vkSj çxfr'khylekt ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d flð gksA

ftl çdkj lks'ky ehfM;k rjg&rjg dsjgL;ksn~?kkVu djds lekt esa vius gksus dk,glkl djk jgk gS] fuf'pr :i ls vkus okykle; lks'ky ehfM;k ds fy;s dkQh csgrj gksxkAlks'ky ehfM;k oSls rks vHkh 'kS'ko voLFkk esa gS]fdUrq vkus okys le; esa ;g yksdrkaf=kd ekè;elekt fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa csgn dkjxj flðgksxkA ,slk esjk fo'okl gSA

vkt fQj ls eqgCcr dh ckrsa djksfny gS rUgk jQkdr dh ckrsa djks

;s gokbZ mM+kuas cgqr gks pqdhavc tehuh gdhdr dh ckrsa djks

ekg&vks&vUtqe dh ckrsa eqckjd rqEgsaesjh jksVh lyker dh ckrsa djks

pUn jkstka dh T-V is tér fn[khnkSj&,&gkftj lnkdr dh ckrsa djks

Qsduk ;w¡ gh dhpM+ equkflc ughad÷N e;kjh fl;klr dh ckrsa djks

;s vdhnr ugha] pkiywlh gS ;sxj gks xSjr rks xSjr dh ckrsa djks

ckn eqír ds vk, gks ^vkuu* ds ?kjikl cSBks] u #[klr dh ckrsa djks eks0 094133 95592

vkuUn ikBdxty

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y?kqdFkk@dfork,¡

f=kiqjkfj'kj.k JhokLrorqe NksM+dj eq>s py fn;s;g vPNk ugha yxk D;ksafdmnkl ixMafM;k¡ ik¡oksads Nkyksa ls curh gS!Vgfu;ksa ij Qøyksa dh dlemUgsa /ksrh gS vkSjdksbZ unh turh gSArqe cksydj x, Fksfd vk tk,¡xs vkSj'kke lqcg rd jkg ns[krh jghij rqe ugha vk,!'kk;n rqe ugha vkvksxs'kk;n dHkh ugha vkvksxsexj eq>s bRehuku gSfd 'ks"k vo'ks"k&esjs iklesjh fu/Zurk dk vej Dys'k!eSa Hkh tkÅ¡xk tc bl tgk¡ ls

iVfj;ksa dks phjrh//drs&lhus ls /qvk¡ ph[krhjsy py iM+hftLe ij lokj eqlkfQjksa dksdgha ls ysdj dgha NksM+us py iM+hlges ls LVs'ku] ogha Fks [kM+sjsy dh jkg esa gtkjksa iRFkj Fks iM+svaxkjksa ij pyrh gqbZvius y{; dh vksj py iM+hdksbZ fcNM+k rks dgha Fkh feyu dh ?kM+hlges LVs'ku ogha Fks [kM+sgj LVs'ku ij irk ns xbZdc pysxh vkSj dgk¡ gS [kM+hQkSyknh ftLe lesr tc ykSVhrks HkhM+ Fkh ogk¡ meM+h cM+hLokxr esa LVs'ku gks x, Fks [kM+sQkSyknh ftLe esa b±/uck:nh fj'rksa dk t[e fy,va/sjh lqjax dks phjrh py iM+h

vkt fQj lqcg og grk'k ykSVkA ân; esa O;Fkk vkSj efLr"desa ruko fy, og ?kj ea fdlh ls Hkh ckr djus ds ewM esa ugha FkkA ?kjesa nksuksa cgusa Hkh vk;h gqbZ FkhaA cguksbZ Hkh FksA

mlus diM+s mrkjrs gq, Luku dh rS;kjh vkjEHk dj nhA iRuh usiwNk] ^^ckr cuh\**

^^ugha! vHkh rd rks dksbZ lwjr ugha fudyhA** /hes Loj esa dgdjog ckFk:e esa ?kwl x;k vkSj Hkhrj ls njoktk can dj fy;kA fdUrqmlds dku cgu&cguksbZ esa gks jgs okrkZyki dh vksj yxs FksA

^^HkS;k tSlk lksprs gSa---ml fglkc ls dgha dgha edku feyk gS!**;g cM+h cgu FkhA

^^HkS;k FkksM+k fgEer vkSj fn[kkrs rks chl yk[k esa rhu dejs okykBhd&Bkd ¶ySV rks eSa fnyk ns ldrk gw¡A** ;g NksVk cguks bZ FkkA

;g laokn dku esa iM+rs gh mldk eu gqvk fd og mlh le;ckFk:e ls ckgj fudys vkSj NksVs cgukbZ dk eq¡g uksp ysA ^lwvj dghadk! ;fn bruk iYys gksrk rks eSa ugha [kjhn ldrk FkkA eSa D;k ew[kZ gw¡A---- og ugha] gjke dk iSlk cksy jgk gS--- cM+k ckcw gS u--- VukVu cjlrkgS lhV ij gh--- og rks cksysxk gh!** og Øks/ vkSj bZ";kZ ls Hkj mBkvkSj ,d >Vds ls ikuh Hkjk ex flj ij myV fy;k vkSj cnu ijlkcqu jxM+us yxkA yxk tSlk xjhcksa dk eSy NqM+kus gsrq la?k"kZ dj jgkgSA mlds dku iqu% ckgj py jgh okrkZ dh vksj lrdZ gks x,A

^^vkt iSls dk gh cksyckyk gSA ljdkj Hkh iSls dh Hkk"kk cksyrhgSA dsoy ys[ku ls D;k gksxk---- tqxkM+ fcuk d÷N ugha gksxkA** ;g cM+kcgukbZ FkkA

lkcqu jxM+rs mlds gkFk :d x;s--- ?kqVdj jg x;kA ;g dkWystdh d{kk ugha gSA ftu ckrksa ds fojks/ esa mldh dye pyrh gS--- oghdke og Lo;a djs--- ;g ugha gks ldrkA ysDpj nsus ls dke ugha gksxk--- thou ds ;FkkFkZ dks le>uk gksxkA vkneh ds d÷N vius Hkh rks vkn'kZgksrs gSa--- mlls edku [kjhnk tk,--- ;k u [kjhnk tk,] exj og ,slkd÷N ugha djsxk fd viuh utjksa ls gh fxj tk,A

ikuh ds ex fQj cnu ij Mkyus yxkA lkcqu cnu ls mrjus yxkAmlus jkgr eglwl dhA

^^,slh ckr ugha gS--- jkLrk fudy vk,xk] gj vkneh dh viuh&viuhifjfLFkfr;k¡ gksrh gSa--- viuh&viuh leL;k,¡ gksrh gSaA tks O;fDrftEesnkjh ls iyk;u u djds tw>us esa fo'okl djrs gS--- mUgsa eaftynsu ls gh lgh] exj feyrh t:j gSA eq>s vius ifr ij u dsoyfo'ok'k gS] cfYd xoZ Hkh gSA** ;g mldh iRuh FkhA

iRuh ds laokn lqudj mldk psgjk f[ky mBkA mldk eu gqvk fdiRuh dks ck¡gksa esa Hkj ysA vc rd og rkSfy;s ls viuk cnu iksaNdjdiM+s cnyus yxkA og fdlh rkts Qøy dh rjg Ýs'k gks x;k FkkA

m/j iRuh ds laokn us lHkh ds eq¡g ij rkys tM+ fn;s FksA mlusckgj vkrs gq, lHkh ds psgjs ij f[kyh gqbZ nf"V MkyhA lHkh mls yfTtrls yx jgs FksA

y?kqdFkkuxj] egsUæw] iVuk&800006

mnkl ixMafM;kaikao ds Nkyksa ls curh gaS

lges gq, LVs'ku

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thou la?k"kZy?kqdFkk

lrh'kjkt iq"dj.kk

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lk{kkRdkj

bls la;ksx gh dfg, fd eksrhyky Mkse lsesjh eqykdkr gks xbZA ojuk ,sls yksxksa ij è;kudkSu nsrk gS vkSj fdls Q÷jlr gS budh ckrsa lquusdhA ysfdu ;g eqykdkr ;knxkj jghA eksrhykyls ns'k dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr ls ysdj /kfeZd,oa lkekftd eqís ij eSaus foLrkj ls ckrphr dhA;g ckrphr ,d ,slh egfQy esa gqbZ] ftlesalekt ds pkjksa o.kks± ds yksx mifLFkr Fks vkSjchp&chp esa viuh ckr tksjnkj <ax ls j[k jgsFksA ijarq lcls vygnk eksrhyky dk Loj Fkk] tkslcdks yktokc dj jgk FkkA volj ,d fookglekjksg ,oa d÷N /kfeZd vuq"Bkuksa ;Fkk& guqekuvkjk/uk ,oa :ækfHk"ksd dk FkkA ,sls voljksa ijlekt ds lHkh oxks± ,oa o.kks± dh lgHkkfxrkvfuok;Z lh yxrh gSA 'kgj esa lc d÷N cktkjesa miyC/ gS ijUrq xk¡o&nsgkr esa vc Hkh lg;ksxdh nqfu;k gSA rHkh rks ,d ?kj esa gksus okykvk;kstu iwjs xk¡o dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA blhfy,dgk tkrk gS fd csVh rks iwjs xk¡o dh gksrh gSAbl lkekftd rkuk&ckuk dks rksM+us ds fy,fl;klr us d÷N de iz;kl ugha fd;s gSa] fQjHkh bldh tM+sas bruh etcwr gS fd lfn;ksa rd;g v{kq..k cuh jgsxhA

eksrhyky ls eqykdkr ,sls le; esa gqbZ tcpqukoh ikjk pje ij FkkA xk¡o dh cSBdksa esajktuhfrd ppkZ d÷N bl rjg ls gksrh gS tksVh0oh0 pSuyksa ij jktuhfrd fo'ys"kdksa dh

eksrhyky Mkse ls,d eqykdkr

cglksa dks ekr nsrh gSA bucglksa dks lqudj eSa blfu"d"kZ igq¡prk gw¡ fd euq";,d jktuhfrd izk.kh gSAeksrhyky eqt¶Qjiqj ftysds fn;kjs {ks=k ds okf'kankgSaA xaMd ds rVorhZ xk¡o esajgrs gSa] tgk¡ dh lM+dsafodkl iq#"k ds reke nkosds ckotwn cngky gSaA mudhcngkyh d÷N ,slh fd vkbZ

Vsu xkM+h dks ml ij mrkjuk [krjs ls [kkyh ughagSA fygktk eSaus eksrhyky ls iwNk] ^^bl ckjuhrh'k d÷ekj dks pqusaxs\** mUgksaus rikd ls tokcfn;k] ^uhrh'k ckcw ftuds LokFkZ ds lkjfFk gSa]os gh mUgsa oksV nsaxsA vc ckjh jkefoykl iklokudh FkhA bl ij mUgksaus dgk&^^Hkys gh os nfyrusrk ds :i esa tkus tkrs gS ysfdu mudhvoljokfnrk txtkfgj gSA dc fdl ikVhZ esapys tgk¡ bldk dksbZ fBdkuk ughaA** rc eSausiwNk&^^vkf[kj fd/j tk;saxs vki\** mUgksaus dgk&^^fodYi gh dgk¡ cprk gS\ bl ckj fdlh u;susrk dks pquk tk;sxkA**

jktuhfrd ppkZ ij fojke nsrs gq, eSausmuds futh thou ls lacaf/r d÷N iz'u fd;s rksmUgksaus cryk;k& ^^tkfr ls Mkse gw¡A Mkyk]fNruh] nmjk cukrk gw¡A viuk fu/kZfjr deZdjrk gw¡A yxu esa cktk ctkrk gw¡A blh lsvkthfodk pyrh gSA** mUgksaus ;g Hkh tksM+k fdfu;fer :i ls iwtk&vkjk/uk Hkh djrk g¡wAnjokts ij ladVekspu guqekuth dk eafnjcuok;k gw¡A uojk=k esa ukS fnu rd yxkrkjizfrfnu ,d ykSax [kkdj liRuhd ek¡ Hkxorhdh vkjk/uk djrk gw¡A eSaus mifLFkr iafMrksa lsdgk& ^ifMrtu! vc vki gh crk,¡ eksrhykydh HkfDr Js"B gS ;k vkidk deZdk.M\** lcds lc pqiA lékVk ilj x;kA eksrhyky pqijgus okys ugha FksA mUgksaus dgk& ^^eSa vius deZ

ij vfMx gw¡A ;s czkge.k nsork yksx rks osn cspjgs gSaA** fdlh us dksbZ izfrokn ugha fd;kA ekrhykyus viuh vkxkeh ;kstuk cryk;h& ^^vxys o"kZls cktk ctkus dk dke can dj jgk gw¡A nks cPpsgSa tks ljdkjh Ldøyksa esa i<+ jgs gS esjh HkfDrvjk/uk esa os Hkh fu;fer :i ls 'kkfey gksrs gSaAekalkgkj Hkh ifjR;kx djus dk ladYi ys fy;kgSA** bruh yach ckrphr ds nkSjku eksrhyky dksfdlh us cSBus ds fy, ugha dgkA eq>s ;g vPNkugha yxkA eksrhyky us lwi&nmjk ;teku dksfn;k vkSj mlds cnys mUgsa eksVs pkoy] nky]pkj vkyw vkSj pqVdh Hkj ued feyk vkSj fQjos vius ?kj dh vksj pyrs cusA tkrs&tkrs osviuh ihM+k c;ku djuk ugha Hkwyrs&^^eSa rksvNwr tkfr dk gw¡ lkgc! ysfdu tgk¡ esjhmifLFkfr ugha gksrh ogkWa Hkh eq>s cnuke fd;ktkrk gSA nks O;fDr tc yM+ jgs gksrs gaS rks rhljk>V ls dg nsrk gS D;k Mkse&?kkmtdj jgs gksvFkkZr D;ksa Mkse dh rjg yM+ jgs gksA vc vkigh crk,¡ lkgc! yM+s dksbZ vkSj cnuke MkseA**cM+k rh[kk iz'u Fkk eksrhyky dkA eq>s ekywe ugha;g iz'u dc rd vuqÙkfjr jgsxk\ eksrhyky usml egfQy esa <sj lkjs iz'u mNky fn, ftudktokc fn;k tkuk t:jh yxrk gSA ;g tkuukt:jh gS fd HkfDr&Hkko esa rFkk dfFkr czkge.kksals ik¡p dne vkxs eksrhyky czkge.kksa ds lkFkpkSdh ;k d÷lhZ ij D;ksa ugha cSB ldrs\ rekejktuhfrd iz'uksa ij viuh csckd fu"i{k ,oaekdøy jk; nsus okys eksrhyky dh vkokt vulquhD;ksa jg tkrh gS\ og Hkh rc tcfd eksrhykyus Ldøy dk eqg rd ugha ns[kk gS ysfdu muds'kCnksa dk p;u fdlh lkfgR; ds fo|kFkhZ lsT;knk lVhd gSA muls ckrphr dj lq[kn vk'p;ZgqvkA os pqukSrh dh rjg lo.kZ lekt esa [kM+s gaSAD;k ;g ladsr ugha nsrk gS fd yacs le; rdmudh mis{kk ugha dh tk ldrhA mUgsa lquuk ghiM+sxkA ;g Bhd gS fd eksrhyky tSls yksx fxus&pqusgSA ysfdu lqnwj fn;kjk {ks=k esa vk'kk dk ,d nh;k

eqt¶Qjiqj ls vo/fogkjh

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lk{kkRdkj

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rks ty gh jgk gS tks vk¡f/;ksa dh ijokg ughadjrkA Hkys gh ml nh;k dh j{kk djus ds fy,dksbZ vkxs ugha vkrk ijarq vius }kjk vftZrrsy&ckrh ds cy ij os izdk'k fc[ksj jgs gSaftlesa iwjs lekt dk bfrgkl] Hkwxksy Li"Vrk lsi<+k tk ldrk gSA eksrhyky esa eSaus eksrh dk ikuhns[kk ftlds lkeus rFkkdfFkr laHkzkr Hkh ikuh&ikuhgks tkrk gSA ;g lq[kn ,oa larks"kizn yxk fdeksrhyky orZeku ls c[kwch voxr gS rks Hkfo";ds izfr ltx vkSj lksprs HkhA rHkh rks vius cPps

dks laLdkj laié cukus ds fy, ÑrladYi gSvkSj mUgsa lqf'kf{kr cukus dk ladYi Hkh ys j[kkgSA

fodykax gksus ds ckotwn eksrhyky us ,dyack lQj r; fd;k gS vius cycwrsA dgukdfdu gS fd os mu lo.kks± ds fy, izsj.kk lzksrcu ik;saxs ;k ugha tks jkLrs HkVd x, gSaA tks >wBsnaHk esa vkt Hkh th jgs gS vkSj muds cPpsu'kkiku esa fyIr gks pqds gSA os Ldøy] dkWyst

egkRek xka/h dh dbZ phtsa baXySaM dhjkt/kuh yanu ds ,d uhykeh ?kj esa 22 ebZ dksuhyke gks jgh gS ftlesa pj[kk] xka/h th }kjkgLrk{kfjr iksLVdkMZ] d÷N fp=k ds vykos lokZf/d ppkZ egkRek xka/h }kjk vius iq=k gfjyky dksfy[ks rhu i=kksa dh gS D;ksafd bu rhu i=kksa esa ls,d i=k esa xka/h th us vius csVs gfjyky dksfy[kk gS fd ^rqEgkjh csVh euqcsu us eq>s crk;kgS fd rqeus mlds lkFk vkB lky igys cykRdkjfd;k Fkk tc og rqEgkjs lkFk jgrh Fkh vkSjftlds dkj.k mls fpfdRldh; enn Hkh ysuhiM+h FkhA**

mi;qZDr i=k xka/h th us twu 1935 esafy[kk FkkA xka/h th ds csVs gfjyky ds viusfirk ds lkFk fj'rs vPNs ugha Fks vkSj mUgksauscsgn vjktd thou ft;kA xka/h th us mDr i=kesa vius csVs gfjyky dks ;g Hkh fy[kk Fkk fd^^ rqEgsa tkuuk pkfg, fd rqEgkjh leL;k esjsfy, ns'k dh Lok/hurk ls Hkh T;knk rdyhQnsggks x;h gS A** ;s i=k xka/h th us ml nkSj esa fy[kstc mUgksaus vkJe thou dk 'kq:vkr fd;k FkkrFkk l[r vuq'kklu esa jgrs FksA gfjyky dh iq=kh

euqcsu xka/h th ds lkcjerh vkJe esa mudhfudV lg;ksxh cudj vktUe vfookfgr jghA

vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd viuscqfðeku exj vjktd iq=k gfjyky] ftUgsa'kjkc dh yr yx pqdh Fkh] ls Lora=krk laxzkels Hkh T;knk ijs'kkuh mUgsa gks jgh FkhA xka/h thdh iksrh euqcsu vkthou vfookfgr jgrs gq,lkcjerh vkJe esa vius nknk dh fudV lg;ksxhcuh jghA laHkor euqcsu dk muds firk gfjykyxka/h }kjk cykRdkj fd, tkus dh ckr xka/h thds fudV lg;ksfx;ksa dks ekywe jgh gksxh ysfduvke Hkkjrh; ifjokj dh rjg yksdykt vkSjcnukeh ds Mj ls ;g ckr mtkxj ugha gks ik;hAyanu ds uhykedRrkZvksa us cM+s mRlkg ls uhykehesa ;g dgrs gq, fd mDr i=k esa fy[kh x;h ckrsavHkh rd lkoZtfud ugha gqbZ gSa] uhykeh ijp<+k;k gS ftldh dher yxHkx ,d yk[kMkWyj vk¡dh x;h gSA bu i=kksa ds vfrfjDr xka/h th }kjk gLrk{kfjr 27 i=kksa dk lsV Hkh'kkfey gS ftls xka/h th us tsy esa tokgjykyusg: dh cgu fot;k y{eh iafMr dks fy[kkFkkA

;g ckr egRoiw.kZ gS fd xka/h th }kjkvius vkRedFkk esa ,slh fdlh Hkh rjg ds ?kVukdk ftØ ugha gSA orZeku lkekftd fLFkfr esacykRdkj ls lacaf/r tks dkuwu vkSj ifjfLFkfr;k¡

ns'k esa mHkj dj lkeus vk;h gSa] fuf'pr :ils gfjyky xka/h }kjk vius gh iq=kh dk cykRdkjfd;s tkus ds le; lkekftd ekU;rk,¡ d÷NvkSj Fkha vkSj laHkor blhfy, euqcsu dk mudsfirk ds }kjk cykRdkj fd, tkus dh ckrvkt rd lkoZtfud ugha gqbZ ysfdu blls ;grks Li"V gks gh tkrk gS fd ifjokj ds vanjfL=k;ksa dk ;kSu 'kks"k.k chaloh 'krkCnh esa HkhoSls gh gqvk djrk Fkk tSlk dh bDdhloha'krkCnh ;kuh orZeku le; esaA ifjokj ds pkjnhokjh ds vanj fL=k;k¡ egQøt ugha gSa pkgs oksxka/h th tSls egku vkRek dk ifjokj gks ;kfdlh vke vkneh dk ifjokjA

mYys[kuh; gS fd xka/h th ds iq=k gfjykydh Nfo dks uhykeh esa p<+s i=k ls dkQhuqdlku gksxkA oSls Hkh bfrgkl esa gfjyky xka/hdh Nfo ,d vjktd] foæksgh ,oa nq[kkaruk;d dh jgh gS rFkk gfjyky xka/h ds thouij ,d pfpZr ukVd ,oa ,d fQYe cu pqdhgS A i=k esa fd, x, bl jgL;ksn~?kkVu ls fdviuh csVh ds lkFk cykRdkj dh ?kVuk ds cknvc rd gfjyky ds thou dks tkuus okyksa esamuds fy, tks lgkuqHkwfr vkSj d#.kk jgh gksxhog fuf'pr :i ls ?k`.kk esa cny tk,xhA

izksQslj dkWyksuh] U;w cjxaMkfxfjMhg&815301 >kj[kaMA

nqjkpkjh iq=gfjyky dh djrwr

jktho vkuan

gfjyky xka/h

NksM+dj cki&nkns dh tehu&tk;nkn vkSj dekbZdk nq:i;ksx djrs gq, ;=k&r=k 'ks[kh c?kkjrspyrs gSaA ,sls fnXHkzfer ;qodksa dks eksrhyky lsizsj.kk ysus dh t:jr gS tks vius deZ&iFk ijiwjh bZekunkjh ls py jgs gSaA mudk etkd mM+kus;k mu ij g¡lus ls csgrj gS vkRefujh{k.k fd;ktk,A nsj losj eksrhyky dks bl lekt esa Lislfeysxk ghA vxj dksbZ mUgsa txg ugha ns jgk gS rksos eqxkyrs esa gSA eksrhyky vius fy, Lo;a Lislcuk ysaxsA

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vf'k{kk] va/fo'okl vkSj vKku ds igkM+]taxy vkSj unh ls f?kjs 'kgj ls nwj l[kqvkMhgxkWaoA Qknj ihVj viuh lkbfdy ls xk¡o&xk¡o?kwe&?kwe dj nok nsrkA exj budh nok ls vf/d Hkjkslk xk¡ookyksa dks Hkxr] Hkxrkbu] efrvks>k lks[kk ij vf/d fVdk jgrkA blh lsQknj ihVj fuLokFkZ Hkko ls viuh lsok vkSj izsels xk¡o okyksa dk fny ftrus esa dbZ o"kks± ls yxkgqvk gSA nwj rd dksbZ fo|ky; u gks ikus dsdkj.k iwjs xk¡o esa nks&rhu dks NksM+dj FkksM+k&eksM+ki<+k fy[kk dksbZ ughaA blh ls Qknj xk¡ookyksa lsfo|ky; [kksyus ds fy, tehu <wa< jgk Fkk fddksbZ tehu nku esa ns ns rks ,d fo|ky; vkSj,d vLirky cuok ldsA

xk¡o dh xq:okbu bl ckj fclq ds fy, ,dvPNs ?kj esa lqanj dU;k ns[k nh gSA fclq dsnknk&Hkmth blls cgqr [kq'k gq,A [kq'k D;ksa ugkssaxsA og vius ek¡&cki dh vdsyh larku tks gSAfclq ds nknk&Hkmth lksps fd fookg ds cknfclq llqjky esa gh tkdj cl tk,xk ?kj nkekncudjA ?kj dh tehu&txg cM+k HkkbZ ns[ksxkAxq:okbu dh vxqokbZ esa fclq dk fookg gks x;kAxq:okbu dks nksuksa vksj ls nf{k.kk feyhA fclq dkllqj rks ?kj nkekn [kkst gh jgk Fkk og lgt ghesa fey x;kA og ;g lksp dj cgqr [kq'k gqvkA

fclq dh dU;k (nqYgu) ds lax vk;hyksdfnu (lgckyk) vius HkkVw (cguksbZ) fclqdks crk nh&HkkVw esjh nhnh vki ls fookg djukugha pkg jgh FkhA fclq iwNk D;ksa\ &esjh ehBhlkjh (lkyh)A yksdfnu lkjh crk;h&fd utnhdxk¡o esa llqjky vkSj ?kj nkekn cuus okys dsdkj.kA fclq cksyk&vks rks ;s ckr gSA rks bldk Hkh

mik; gSA bruk cksy dj fclqviuh nqYgu ds ikl x;k vkSji w N k & r q e

eq>s ugha pkgrh Fkh u! vxj,slh ckr gS rks eSa vHkh pyktkrk gw¡ tc rqEgkjs fny esa esjsfy, txg ugha gSA fclq dhnqYgu lkjks d÷N u cksyhApqipki lj >qdk, jghA rHkhv[kjk ls ekanj dh vkoktfclq dks lqukbZ iM+hA mls viuhxk¡o dh Hkmth ls yxh ckth;kn gks vk;hA ekanj dk fxrkaxrkax /wj--lqurs gh fclq ds ik¡oesa ia[k fudy vk,A fclq tYnhesa cksyrk fudy x;k&rqevPNh rjg lksp yksAtYnckth dh dksbZ ckrughaA bruk lk cksy djvius ?kj ij Vaxk ekanj vius da/s ij yVdk;kvkSj v[kjk dh vksj mM+ pykA u;h nqYgu lkjksdks bl rjg NksM+ dj fclq dks fudyrs ns[kyksdfnu vkSj fclq dh HkkfHk;k¡ vpEHks esa iM+x;hA tkus D;k gqvkA vpkud fclq dksgcj lsD;ksa fudy x;kA xk¡o dh HkkHkh fclq dh Hkmthls cksyh&eSa ckth gkj xbZ nhnhA HkkHkh crkbZ&fclqdHkh fdlh jkr vkt rd v[kjk tkuk ughaNksM+kA eSa cksyh fd ftl fnu 'kknh gksxh mlh fnuls v[kjk tkuk fclq dk NwVsxkA ij fclq rks u;hnqYgu dks Hkh NksM+ dj v[kjk pyk x;kA

b/j yksdfnu u;h nqYgu lkjks ds ikl tkigq¡ph vkSj iwN cSBh&D;ksa nhnh HkkVw dks D;ksa HkxknhA tkurh gks nhnh gekjs HkkVw rks rqEgkjh lkSrudks ys dj v[kjk pys x, ukpus] xkus] ctkusAlkjks vk'p;Z ls iwNh&esjh lkSru lsA yksdfnu

cksyh&gk¡] lp esa eSa rks igys ls tkurh Fkh blsAlkjks&rks rqe crk;h D;ksa ugh igys\ yksdfnu

cksyh&crk nsrh rks rqe brus jfldHkkVw essjs] dSls ikrh\ fdrus fj>okj(jfld) gS HkkVw rksA lkjks fodygks dj iwNh&dkSu gS esjh lkSru]crkvksA

cgqr iwNhA ij yksdfnu lkjksdks u crk;h fd mldk lkSrudkSu gSA yksdfnu cksyh&rqe rksfcgky (fookfgr gks) og rksVaxh gqbZ j[kuh (j[kSy) gSA rqe?kj dh egkjkuh oks rqEgkjh lkSruv[kjk dh jkuhA lkjks vkSj O;xzgks dj iwNh&lp lp crkvksAdkSu gS esjh lkSruA vkSj esjh lkSru

Fkh rks eq> ls fookgD;ksa fd;k\ xqLls esarerek;k psgjk ns[kdj

yksdfnu cksyh rqEgkjh lkSru vkSj dksbZ nwljh ughaoks rks gS rqEgkjh lkSru ekanjA lquh ugha ekanj dscksy lqurs gh HkkVw dbls Nw earj gks x,A

m/j v[kjk fcuk fclq ds lwuk yx jgk Fkkfd ekanj ij rky nsrs fclq v[kjkizos'k fd;kAlHkh v[kjk ds laxh&lkFkh ns[k dj gSjkuA u;hdU;k (nqYgu) dks NksM+dj Hkyk dksbZ v[kjkp<+rk gS D;k\ fclq ls Hkh ugha cusxk\ [kwc>we&>we dj yksj&yksj dj ekanj ctkus yxkAvkt rks lpeqp yx jgk Fkk fd fclq dk ekanjdkuksa esa ver cjlk jgk gSA

g¡lh&[kq'kh ls fclq vkSj lkjks ds fnu chr jgsFksA fclq ds nknk&Hkmth tks liuk ns[ks Fks og iwjkgksrs u yx jgk FkkA fclq vius llqjky esa tkclus dk uke gh u ysrk FkkA Hkmth cksyh viusI;kjs nsoj fclq ls&rqEgkjs llqjky esa mruh tehu

dydy Mkbulksgjkb (nhokyh) dh jkr 'e'kku Hkwfe esa lkjks dks Mkbu fo|k

fl[kyk nhA dfBu lk/uk Fkk og fo|kA >kM+w dk yagxk] gfì;ksa dhekyk] [kksiM+h esa efnjk ikuA jkr esa cSB dj ea=k tki] vkfn] vkfnA ea=kflfð ds ckn xq:okbu lkjks ls cksyh rqEgkjh fo|k iwjh gqbZ vc crkvksek¡x nksxh ;k dks[k nksxhA lkjks dks dkVks rks [kwu ughaA fdls nsxh ifrdks fd vius vkSykn dksA og d÷N u dg ldhA xq#okbu dsdFkkuqlkj ?kj ds ,dkar esa [kksiM+h dh iwtk vkSj iwtk ds oDr iwjk gksrsrd mBuk ughaA dksbZ tkus uA

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dgkuh

tk;nkn gS mls D;ksa ugha tk dj ns[krs gksA fclqNqVrs gh cksyk&rqEgkjh tSlh ek¡ leku Hkmth ogkadgka ikÅ¡xk\ eSa ?kj f/atqok (?kj nkekn) cuusls jgkA llqjky NwV tk, ij Hkmth NwV ughaldrh esjs fy,A

fclq ds nknk&Hkmth NViVkus yxsA tks lkspkFkk mlds foijhr gksus yxkA fclq dh Hkmthxq#okbu ls tkdj cksyh&esjk nsoj rks llqjky tkclus dks rS;kj gh ugha gksrkA Hkmth lh ekWa ogk¡dgk¡ dgrk gSA xq#okbu cksyh&rqe ,slh pkypyks fd rqEgkjs nksuksa nsoj nsojkuh ?kj f/atqokcuus Lo;a gh Hkkx tk,axsA

xq#okbu dk ea=k dke vkrk utj vk;kAnsoj&nsojkuh dk cl dke gh dkeA [kkus dsle; dHkh ikuh Hkkr esa ikuh vf/d Hkkr deAdHkh nky esa ued T;knkA dHkh fr;u (lCth)esa fejp vf/dA fnu Hkj [kVus ds ckn lksus esabruh rdyhQA dHkh Hkj isV u eu Hkj HkkstuulhcA var esa mc dj fclq us vius ekrk&firkleku nknk&Hkmth ls dgk&gesa tqnk dj nksA tqnk(vyx) ds uke lqurs nknk&Hkmth ds dysts esavkx yx xbZA vkneh c<+us ls [kpkZ c<+sxkA rcrqe vdsys FksA vc rqe nksuksa vkSj rqEgkjs nksuksacsVk&csVhA [kkuk&ihuk rks ?kVsxk ghA tehu tk;nknrks c<+h ughaA rqe llqjky dh mruh tehu txgdks ysus dks rS;kj ughaA rks ge D;k djsa\

fclq cksyk&eSa csVh ugha tks llqjky tk djcl tkÅ¡A esjk tks fgLlk gksrk gS tqnk (vyx)dj nksA nknk cksyk&blh fnu ds fy, rqEgsa csVsdh rjg ikyk ikslkA vkSj brus /uh ifjokj esallqjky dj fn;kA ;gh fgLlk ekaxus ds fy,AHkmth cksyh&eSa bu nksuksa dh pkykdh [kwc le>jgh gw¡A ;s nksuksa gesa daxky cukus ds fy, rqys gq,gSaA viuk fgLlk ysdj csp nsaxs vkSj llqjky tkclsaxsA

tks ckr fclq lkspk ugha Fkk mls lqu djfclq dk dystk QVk tk jgk FkkA lkjks viusnksuksa csVs&csVh dks ysdj ek;ds pyh x;hA fclqvius ekek ds ;gk¡ vklke pyk x;k dke dh[kkst esa ij llqjky u x;kA b/j lkjks ds ek;dsesa mlds pkpk us ?kj dh nhokj rksM+dj ,d esafeyk fy;kA cxku ds chp dks ?kksjuk (ckM+k)rksM+dj ,d cuk fn;kA [ksrksa ij viuk vf/dkjdj fy;kA dgk esjk HkkbZ vc vdsyk gks x;k gSAlkjks llqjky pyh xbZA bls rks vc gesa gh ns[kukgSA ?kj nkekn ge jgus ugha nsaxsA lkjks vius pkpkls cksyh& ,slk firk th ls D;ksa dj jgs gaS\ pkpkcksyk& rqe pqi jgksA rqEgkjk llqjky gks x;kAek;ds esa ek;ds dh rjg vkvks&tkvksA ;gk¡ ?kjtheu ij nkok u djukA rqe firk dks le>k nksAlkjks iqu% nksuksa cPpksa dks ysdj llqjky ykSV

vk;hAfclq vklke esa dke dh [kkst esa vius ekek

ds ;gkWa vk;kA dke NksVk eksVk yx Hkh x;kA ijbrus ls ifjokj pykus Hkj vkenuh u FkhA lkspkdke vPNk gks tk, rks ifjokj ys vkdj ;gk¡cl tk,xkA nknk&Hkmth dks lc ?kj tehu NksM+nsxkA

lkjks dks u ek;ds esa u llqjky esa pSuA fclqvklke ls lky Hkj ls ykSVk ughaA lkjks llqjky esafcuk ifr ds cM+s d"V esa jgus yxhA tsBkuh dkdgj tkjh jgkA ,d fnu xq#okbu lkjks ls vkdjcksyh&rqEgsa ;gk¡ cgqr rdyhQ gks jgh gSA rqedks,d fo|k fl[kk nsrh g¡wA bl fo|k ls lHkh rqelsMjus yxsaxs vkSj rqEgkjh cjdr gh cjdr gksxhAnq[k dh ekjh lkjks fcuk le>s cq>s xq#okbu dhckr eku yh fd ekVh Hkh Nw,xh rks lksuk gkstk,xkA

lksgjkb (nhokyh) dh jkr 'e'kku Hkwfe esalkjks dks Mkbu fo|k fl[kyk nhA dfBu lk/ukFkh og fo|kA >kM+w dk yagxk] gfì;ksa dh ekyk][kksiM+h esa efnjk ikuA jkr esa cSB dj ea=k tki]vkfn] vkfnA ea=k flfð ds ckn xq:okbu lkjksls cksyh rqEgkjh fo|k iwjh gqbZ vc crkvks ek¡xnksxh ;k dks[k nksxhA lkjks dks dkVks rks [kwu ughaAfdls nsxh ifr dks fd vius vkSykn dksA ogd÷N u dg ldhA xq#okbu ds dFkkuqlkj ?kj ds,dkar esa [kksiM+h dh iwtk vkSj iwtk ds oDr iwjkgksrs rd mBuk ughaA dksbZ tkus uA

xq:okbu pkykdh ls lkjks dh chekj csVhdks xyr mipkj dj ejok nh vkSj mldh tsBkuhdks cryk nh fd rqEgkjh nsojkuh Mkbu cu x;hgS vkSj vius cPps ij flð yh gSA fQj D;k Fkknsojkuh Mkbu ?kksf"kr gks xbZA

b/j vklke esa fclq ifjokj ykus ds fy,vius xk¡o ?kj ykSVkA ?kj vanj ls can FkkA lkjks ea=ktki ls mB ugha ldrh Fkh chp esaA njoktk[kqyus esa nsj gksus ds dkj.k viuh Hkmth ds ;gk¡tk cSBkA mldh Hkmth nsojkuh ds Mkbu cuusvkSj csVh dks [kk tkus dh ckr crk;h vkSjg¡fM+;k ihus dks nh d÷N feykdj fd dgha jgL;[kqy u tk,A

fclq g¡fM+;k ih dj mBk Hkmth ds ;gk¡ lsrks viuk dejk [kqyk ik;kA lkjks dks lkeus ikdj u'ks esa mls [kwc [kjh [kksVh lqukus yxkA lkjksd÷N crkus tk jgh Fkh fd fclq yM+[kM+k dj fxjx;kA lqcg gksr&gksrs fclq Hkh xqtj x;kA tsBkuhdks ekSdk fey x;k fd lkjks dydy Mkbu gksx;h gSA viuh csVh dks [kk xbZA ifr vk;k rks mlsHkh [kk xbZA ,slh dydy Mkbu gks xbZ gSA fQjD;k Fkk mls ?kj ls fudky nhA xk¡o okys us xk¡ols ckgj gh fudky fn;k dydy Mkbu ?kksf"kr

djAlkjks iNrkus yxh fd D;ksa eSa Mkbu fo|k

lh[k yhA u rks eSaus viuh csVh dks u ifr dks[kk;h rc Hkh eq> nq[k;kjh dks ,slk nq[kA lkjksxk¡o ls fudy dj vius firk ls feyhA lkjh ckrcryk nh vkSj Qknj ihVj ds ikl xbZ fd vc,d ek=k csVk cpk gS yksx bls Hkh ekj nsaxs vkSjeq> ij Mkbu [kkus dk bytke yxk nsaxsA tSls Hkhgks gekjk csVk cp tk,A Qknj ihVj ls ogcksyh& Qknj esjs csVs dks dgha nwj ys tkdj i<+kfy[kk nsaA esjh ek;ds dh tehu ij fo|ky; cukys vkSj llqjky dh tehu ij vLirkyA cki csVhnksuksa Qknj ihVj dks viuh tehu nku dj fn,AQknj rks tehu [kkst gh jgs FksA

fo|kky; vkSj vLirky nksuksa cu x,Amn?kkVu ds fnu lkjks cqf<+;k gks x;h FkhA mldkuotoku csVk 'k{kd gks x;k FkkA Qknj lkjks dksmn?kkVu ds fnu eap ij yk;kA yksx fpykus yxs;s dydy Mkbu gSA vius csVs&csVh vkSj ifrdks [kk xbZ gSA Qknj ihVj us dgk&bldk csVkbl fo|ky; dk iz/kkukpk;Z gksdj vk;k gSA ;g[kk;h ugha gSA [kk;h gS rks vkidh xk¡o dhvf'k{kk vkSj va/fo'okl dksA blus viuh tehufo|ky; vkSj vLirky ds fy, nku dj fn;krkfd cPps vui<+ vf'kf{kr u jgsA ;s dydyMkbu ugha iwjs xk¡o dh ek¡ gSaA ;s lkjks u gksrh rks;s fo|ky; ;s vLirky u gksrk vki yksxksa dsfy,A blfy, lkjks ek¡ gS ftls vki yksx ljLorhdgrs gSa fo|k dh nsohA vc vki ds cPps blfo|ky; esa i<+saxsA vki chekj gksaxs rks byktgksxk bl vLirky esaA nqfu;k esa Mkbu gksrh ughacuk;h tkrh gSA jktk dh ek¡ dks dksbZ Mkbu ughadgrkA eks0 9631444940

g¡lus dhbPNk uk gksfQj Hkhg¡luk iM+rk gSdksbZ tc iwNsdSls gks rksets es¡ gw¡dguk iM+rk gSftUnxh ,djaxeap gS nksLrksa;gk¡ gj,d dks ukVddjuk iM+rk gS A& gs js uohuok ---

ftUnxh ,d ukVd gS!

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;g ekuk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr esa 14lky ds cPpksa dh vkcknh iwjh vesfjdh vkcknhls Hkh T;knk gSA Hkkjr esa d÷y Je 'kfä dkyxHkx 3-6 Qhlnh fgLlk 14 lky ls de mezds cPpksa dk gSA gekjs ns'k esa gj nl cPpksa esa ls9 dke djrs gSaA ;s cPps yxHkx 85 Qhlnhikjaifjd Ñf"k xfrfofèk;ksa esa dk;Zjr gSa] tcfd9 Qhlnh ls de mRiknu] lsok vkSj ejEerhdk;ks± esa yxs gSaA flQZ 0-8 Qhlnh dkj[kkuksa esadke djrs gSa-

vkerkSj ij cky et+nwjh vfodflr ns'kksaesa O;kIr fofoèk leL;kvksa dk urhtk gSA Hkkjrljdkj nwljs jkT;ksa ds lg;ksx ls cky et+nwjh[k+Re djus dh fn'kk esa rst+h ls ç;kljr gSA bly{; dks gkfly djus ds fy, ljdkj us jk"Vªh;cky Je ifj;kstuk (,ulh,yih) tSls egRoiw.kZdne mBk, gSaA vkt ;g dgus dh t:jr ughagS fd bl ifj;kstuk us bl ekeys esa dkQh vgedk;Z fd, gSaA bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr gtkjksacPpksa dks lqjf{kr cpk;k x;k gSA lkFk gh blifj;kstuk ds rgr pyk, tk jgs fo'ks"k Ldøyksaesa mudk iquokZl Hkh fd;k x;k gSA bu Ldøyksa dsikB~;Øe Hkh fof'k"V gksrs gSa] rkfd vkxs pydjbu cPpksa dks eq[;èkkjk ds fo|ky;ksa esa ços'kysus esa fdlh rjg dh ijs'kkuh u gksA ;s cPps bu

fo'ks"k fo|ky;ksa esa u flQZ cqfu;knh f'k{kkgkfly djrs gSa] cfYd mudh #fp ds eqrkfcdO;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh;cky Je ifj;kstuk ds rgr bu cPpksa ds fy,fu;fer :i ls [kkuiku vkSj fpfdRldh; lgk;rkdh O;oLFkk gSA lkFk gh bUgsa ,d lkS #i;s ekfldothQk fn;k tkrk gSA

xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ;k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa}kjk pyk, tk jgs ,sls Ldwy bl ifj;kstuk dsvarxZr viuk dke HkyhHkkafr dj jgs gSaA gtkjksacPps eq[; èkkjk esa 'kkfey gks pqds gSa] ysfduvHkh Hkh dbZ cky etnwj dh ftanxh thus dksetcwj gSaA lekt dh csgrjh ds fy, bl chekjhdks tM+ ls m[kkM+uk cgqr t:jh gSA ,ulh,yihtSlh ifj;kstukvksa ds lkeus dbZ rjg dh leL;k,¡gSaA ;fn ge lHkh bu leL;k;ksa dk ewy lekèkkupkgrs gSa rks gesa bu ij xgurk ls fopkj djusdh t:jr gSA bl lanHkZ esa lcls igyh t:jrgS 14 lky ls de mez ds cky etnwjksa dhigpku djukA vkf[kj os dkSu ls ekinaM gSa]

ftuls ge 14 lky rd ds cky etnwjksa dhigpku djrs gSa vkSj tks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij HkhekU; gksa\ D;k gekjk rkRi;Z ;g gksrk gS fd tccPpk 14 lky dk gks tk, rks mldh ns[kHkkydh ftEesnkjh jkT; dh gks tkrh gS\ ge tkurs gSafd xjhch esa viuk xqtj&clj dj jgs cPpksa dksijofj'k dh t:jr gSA dksbZ cPpk tc 14 lkydk gks tkrk gS vkSj ,sls esa ljdkj viuk lg;ksxcan dj ns rks eqefdu gS fd og ,d ckj fQjcky etnwjh ds nyny esa Qal tk,A ;fn ljdkj,slk djrh gS rks ;g leL;k cuh jg ldrh gSvkSj cPps bl nyny Hkjh ftanxh ls dHkh ckgjgh ugha fudy ik,axs- dqN yksxksa dk ekuuk gSvkSj mUgksaus ;g çLrko Hkh j[kk gS fd ckyetnwjksa dh igpku dh U;wure vk;q c<+kdj 18lky dj nsuh pkfg,A lkFk gh lHkh ljdkjhlgk;rkvksa elyu & ekfld othQk] fpfdRlklqfoèkk vkSj [kkuiku dk lg;ksx rc rd tkjhj[kuk pkfg,] tc rd fd cPpk 18 lky dku gks tk,A

cky etnwjh ns'k dsfy, vfHk'kki

dbZ ljdkjsa cky etnwjksa dh lghla[;k crkus ls cprh gSaA ,sls esa ostc fo'ks"k Ldøy [kksyus dhflQkfj'k djrh gSa rks mudh la[;kde gksrh gS] rkfd muds }kjk pyk,tk jgs fodkl dk;ks± vkSjdk;Zdykiksa dh iksy u [kqy tk,A;g ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ igyw gS vkSjvkt t:jr gS fd bu lHkh elyksaij xgurk ls fopkj fd;k tk,A ;fnljdkj lgh rLohj Nqikus ds fy,de la[;k esa ,sls Ldøyksa dhflQkfj'k djrh gS rks ;g fu;eksa dksykxw djus ,oa cky Jfedksa dkslekt dh eq[; èkkjk esa tksM+us dhfn'kk esa ,d xaHkhj leL;k vkSj ckèkkgSA tc rd i;kZIr la[;k esa lalkèkumiyCèk ugha djk, tk,¡xs] ,slhleL;kvksa ls fuiVuk eqf'dy ghgksxkA

lkSfe=k eksgu

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Je&fo'ks"k dbZ ljdkjsa cky et+nwjksa dh lgh la[;k

crkus ls cprh gSaA ,sls esa os tc fo'ks"k Ldwy[kksyus dh lf+Qkfj'k djrh gSa rks mudh la[;kde gksrh gS] rkfd muds }kjk pyk, tk jgsfodkl dk;ks± vkSj dk;Zdykiksa dh iksy u [kqytk,A ;g ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ igyw gS vkSj vktt+:jr gS fd bu lHkh elyksa ij xgurk lsfopkj fd;k tk,A

ekStwnk fu;eksa ds eqrkfcd+] tc cPpk eq[;èkkjk ds Ldwyksa esa nkf[kyk ys ysrk gS rks ,slk ekuktkrk gS fd ekfld lgk;rk can dj nsuh pkfg,-tcfd cPps ;k mlds ekrk&firk ugha pkgrs gSafd foÙkh; lgk;rk can gksA ,sls esa mudkvdknfed çn'kZu udkjkRed :i ls çHkkforgksrk gSA ;gh otg gS fd gj dksbZ lksprk gS fdtc cPpk eq[; èkkjk ds Ldwy esa ços'k dj tk,rks mlds ckn Hkh mls lgk;rk feyrh jguhpkfg,A

vkf[kjdkj vfrfjä iSls ds fy, gh rksekrk&firk vius cPpksa ls etnwjh djokrs gSaAblhfy, fdlh Hkh rjg vkfFkZd lgk;rk tkjhjguh pkfg,A ;g rc rd feyuh pkfg,] tcrd fd og cPpk iw.kZ :i ls eq[; èkkjk esa'kkfey gksus ds dkfcy u gks tk,- gkykafdiquokZl iSdst dh iwjh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS] fQjHkh cPps ds ekrk&firk ljdkjh lqfoèkkvksa dsgdnkj ugha ekus x, gSaA ,sls esa gj fdlh dks ;gyxrk gS fd bl lanHkZ esa ,d lkekU; fu;e gksukpkfg,] rkfd ,sls yksxksa ds fy, ,d fo'ks"k oxZfuèkkZfjr gks lds- tSls ,llh] ,lVh] vkschlh]lSfudksa dh foèkokvksa] iwoZ lSfud vkSj vikfgtyksxksa ds fy, ,d vyx oxZ fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkpqdk gSA

cky Jfedksa dh igpku ds lacaèk esa ,dnwljh leL;k lkeus vkbZ gS] og gS mez dkfuèkkZj.k- bl ifj;kstuk us pkgs tks d÷N Hkhfd;k gS] ysfdu de ls de blus cky etnwjhds lanHkZ esa i;kZIr tkx:drk ykbZ gSA vc ;ggj dksbZ tkuus yxk gS fd 14 lky ds cPps lsdke djkuk ,d vijkèk gSA blhfy, vkt tcdksbZ cky etnwjh dh jksdFkke dks ykxw djukpkgrk gS rks ,d cPpk [k+qn viuh leL;kvksa dksgesa crkrk gSA mlds eqrkfcd] dke djus dhU;wure vk;q 14 lky ls de ugha gksuh pkfg,Aysfdu bldh tk¡p&iM+rky dk dksbZ mik; ughagSA ,sls esa gj dksbZ ,sls cPpksa ds iquokZl ds fy,[k+qn dks vlgk; eglwl djrk gSA ;s cPps u rksLdøy tkrs gSa vkSj u gh buds tUe dk dksbZçkekf.kd fjdkWMZ gksrk gSA blhfy, ;s dgha ls Hkhvius tUe çek.ki=k dk bartke dj ysrs gSa vkSjyksxksa dks mls ekuus ds vykok dksbZ fodYi Hkhugha gksrkA yksxksa dks ;g Hkh yxrk gS fd ekrk&firk

}kjk cPpksa dks dke djus dh NwV nsus ;k mudsdkj[kkuksa esa dke djus ij çfrcaèk yxuk pkfg,]D;ksafd ekrk&firk }kjk dke ij yxk, tkus okys,sls cPpksa dh rknkn Hkh dkQh vfèkd gSA bucPpksa dks NksVh mez esa gh dke ij yxk fn;ktkrk gS vkSj ,sls yksxksa dh otg ls gh bu cPpksaij udkjkRed vlj iM+rk gSA

,d ckj fQj dguk gksxk fd bu fof'k"VLdøyksa esa fn, tkus okys O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.kksaesa Hkh d÷N [kkfe;k¡ gSa] gkykafd ekStwnk fu;eksa dseqrkfcd O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k dk çkoèkku rksgS] ysfdu blds fy, èku dk vyx ls vkcaVuugha gksrk gS] ftlls bl rjg ds dk;ZØeksa dkslQyrkiwoZd pykus esa dbZ eqf'dysa vkrh gSa-cky etnwjh [kRe djus vkSj O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.kdk y{; gkfly djus ds fy, lcls igys gesami;Zqä igyqvksa dks le>uk csgn t+:jh gSAO;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k ds nkSjku ftu mRiknksa dkfuekZ.k gksrk gS] mudk foi.ku ;fn Bhd <ax lsgks rks mldh ykxr ij vkus okys [k+pZ dksgkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu ;g lcifj;kstuk fo'ks"k] mlds foLrkj vkSj mRikn dhxq.koÙkk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA lkFk gh ;g ifj;kstukdk dk;kZUo;u djus okys O;fäij Hkh fuHkZjdjrk gS fd og bu lcdk çpkj&çlkj Bhd <axls dj ik jgk gS ;k ughaA

;g ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd cky et+nwjhjksdus lacaèkh fu;e cu pqds gSa] ysfdu vHkh Hkhbls tehuh Lrj ij ykxw ugha fd;k x;k gS ckyet+nwjh dks c<+kok nsus okys [k+qn lekt ds xjhcrcds ls vkrs gSa] blfy, ,sls yksxksa dks fgjklresa ysus ;k nafMr djus ds çfr Hkh gekjh dksbZ#fp ugha fn[krhA tgk¡ yksx cky etnwjh lsifjfpr gksrs gSa] os bl vijkèk ls cp fudyusesa lQy gks tkrs gSaA vr% gesa ;gk¡ lqfuf'pr

djus dh t:jr gS fd cky Je vfèkfu;e(fu"ksèk ,oa fofu;eu) dks lgh ek;uksa esa ykxwfd;k tk jgk gS ;k ugha\

;g Hkh ns[kk tk jgk gS fd ftu ckyetnwjksa dks eqä djk;k tkrk gS] mudk iquokZltYn ugha gks ikrk] urhtru os fQj bl nynyesa Q¡l tkrs gaSA ,sls esa gesa blds f[kykQ dM+sd+ne mBkus dh vko';drk gSA lkFk gh 20gtkj #i;s dh jkf'k ,d cky etnwj ds iquokZlds fy, csgn gh ekewyh jkf'k gS] ftls c<+k,tkus dh Hkh t:jr gSA tehuh Lrj ij iquokZldks lgh <ax ls ykxw djus ds fy, foÙkh;lgk;rk ds lkFk&lkFk ,d csgrj iquokZl [kkdkHkh cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A

;g ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ igyw gS vkSj vktt:jr gS fd bu lHkh elyksa ij xgurk lsfopkj fd;k tk,A ;fn ljdkj lgh rLohjNqikus ds fy, de la[;k esa ,sls Ldøyksa dhflQkfj'k djrh gS rks ;g fu;eksa dks ykxw djus,oa cky Jfedksa dks lekt dh eq[; èkkjk esatksM+us dh fn'kk esa ,d xaHkhj leL;k vkSj ckèkkgSA tc rd i;kZIr la[;k esa lalkèku miyCèkugha djk, tk,¡xs] ,slh leL;kvksa ls fuiVukeqf'dy gh gksxkA

;gk¡ cky Je ls fuiVus dh fn'kk esa uflQZ u, fljs ls lkspus dh vko';drk gS]cfYd blds fy, dk;Zjr fofHké ifj;kstukvksadks foÙkh; lgk;rk vkoafVr djus dh Hkh t:jrgSA d÷N ekeyksa esa cky Jfedksa dh igpku dht:jr rks ugha gS] ysfdu bu ifj;kstukvksa esad÷N cqfu;knh la'kksèku dh vko';drk t:j gSbl ns'k ls cky etnwjh feVkus ds fy, vfèkdlefUor vkSj lg;ksxkRed joS;k viukus dhl[r vko';drk gSA (pkSFkh nqfu;k ls lkHkkj)

foxr 10 o"kksZa ls yxkrkj izdkf'kr gks jgh vkidhfiz; ekfld ^n`f"Vikr* (ISSN-la[;k 2231&3079)iathÑr if=kdk gSA vki vius 'kks/&i=k dks bl if=kdk esaizdkf'kr djok ldrs gSaA bl lanHkZ esa eks0 la[;k09471760495 ,oa 09031975537 ij laidZ ldrs gSaA

iz/ku laiknd

'kks/ Nk=kksa@izkè;kidksa ds fy, fo'ks"k lwpuk

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Je&fo'ks"k

ebZ ekg ds igys fnu vFkkZr 1 ebZ dks foÜods yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa ebZ fnol ;k Jfedfnol euk;k tkrk gSA ;gZ etnwjksa dk lcls cM+kR;kSgkj gSA bl fnu nqfu;k Hkj esa etnwj bdës gksdjiwathoknh ywV] 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ etnwj oxZ dhyM+kbZ dks vkxs c<+kus dk ladYi ysrs gSaA igyh ebZdk fnu gj o"kZ tgk¡ etnwjksa oxZ ds fy, u;k tks'kysdj vkrk gS] ogha ;g fnu nqfu;k Hkj dsiwathifr;ksa ds fnyksa esa [kkSQ iSnk djrk gSA ebZfnol ;g Li"V ,syku djrk gS fd etnwjksa dksvkt rd tks Hkh gd&vfèkdkj feys gSa] os yM+djfeys gSaA ebZ fnol crkrk gS fd etnwj oxZ tclpsr gksdj laxfBr yM+kbZ yM+rk gS] rc ognqfu;k dh gj yqVsjh rkdr dks pdukpwj djldrk gSA

Jfedksa ds dke ds ?kaVksa dks de djus vkSjmUgsa vfèkdkj fnykus ds fy, vesfjdk esa ,deqfge dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA èkhjs&èkhjs ;g eqfge ,dvkanksyu esa ifjofrZr gks xbZ vkSj Hkkjr igq¡p xbZAvejhdk esa rks Jfed fnol eukus dh ijaijkcgqr iqjkuh gS ysfdu Hkkjr esa bls igyh ckj 15twu] 1923 dks euk;k x;kA blds vykok dbZjk"Vªksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksa esa ;g fnol ikjaifjd claregksRlo ds rkSj ij Hkh euk;k tkrk gS vkSj bl fnulkoZtfud vodk'k j[kus dk Hkh çkoèkku gSA

vejhdk esa 'kq: gqvk etnwj vkanksyu] ogk¡meM+s vkS|ksfxd lSykc dk gh ,d fgLlk FkkAbldk lhèkk lacaèk vejhdk dh vktknh ds fy,py jgh yM+kbZ rFkk 1860 esa gqvk xg;ð Hkh FkkA19oha 'krkCnh rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs etnwj laxBu,oa etnwj ;wfu;u csgn etcwr vkSj vius vfèkdkjksads fy, tkx#d Hkh gks x, FksA lcls igys etnwjksads tks Hkh laxBu cus muesa cqudj] nthZ] twrs cukusokys yksx] QSDVªh vkfn esa dke djus okys iq#"krFkk efgyk etnwj çeq[k FksA vius vfèkdkjksa dhekax djrs gq, etnwjksa us jk"VªO;kih laxBu cukusdh Hkh dksf'k'k dh vkSj o"kZ 1834 esa us'kuy VªsM;wfu;u dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA laxBu ls tqM+setnwjksa us lcls igys vius dke ds ?kaVs de djusds fy, la?k"kZ fd;k] ftlesa lcls T;knk ;ksxnkuvejhdh etnwj 'rgjhD; dk FkkA us'kuy VªsM;wfu;u vkSj vU; etnwj laxBuksa us feydj ;gfu.kZ; fy;k fd 1 ebZ] 1886 dks Jfed fnoleuk;k tk,xkA d÷N jkT;ksa esa cgqr igys ls ghetnwjksa ds fy, vkB ?kaVs dke djus dk pyu Fkkijarq bls dkuwuh ekU;rk ugha nh xbZ FkhA bl pyudks iwjh rjd oSèkkfud cukus ds fy, iwjs vesfjdkesa 1 ebZ] 1886 dks gM+rky gqbZA ftlds ckn igystgk¡ etnwjksa dks 10 ?kaVs çfrfnu dke djuk iM+rkFkk ogha vc muds fy, 8 ?kaVs fuf'pr dj fn,x,A

dkaxzsl dh N=kNk;k ik;h Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; VªsM;wfu;u dkaxzsl (baVd) rFkk jk"Vªh; Lo;alsodla?k ,oa Hkktik ds fopkjèkkjk ls tqM+h Hkkjrh;etnwj la?k (ch,e,l) gSA buds vykok bUgha dschp ls LokFkZ o'khHkwr gksdj vkilh erHksn dsdkj.k mHkjs vusd Jfed laxBu Hkh gSa ftuesafgUnqLrku etnwj iapk;r] fgUnqLrku etnwj lHkk]fdlku VªsM ;wfu;u vkfnA ftuij Hkh fdlh ufdlh jktuhfrd nyksa dh Nk;k fojkteku gSAJfedksa ds fgr dk ladYi ysus okys ;s JfedlaxBu ns'k ds etnwjksa dks dHkh Hkh ,d eap ijgksus ugha nsrsA ns'k ds çk;% lHkh laxBu 1 ebZ dksetnwj fnol ds :i esa eukrs rks gSA ij laxBu dk,d eap u gksuk] ebZ fnol dh çklafxdrk dks,d ek;us esa udkjrk Hkh gSA

ebZ fnol mu 'kghnksa dh d÷ckZfu;ksa dks ;kndjus dk ,d ekSdk gS] ftUgksaus viuh ftanxh nsdjiwjh nqfu;k ds etnwjksa dks ;g lans'k fn;k Fkk fdmUgsa vyx&vyx is'kksa vkSj dkj[kkuksa esa caVs&fc[kjsjgdj egt viuh ixkj c<+kus ds fy, yMus ds

Hkkjr esa ebZ fnol igyh ckj o"kZ 1923 esaeuk;k x;k ftldk lq>ko flaxkjosyq psfê;kjuke ds ,d çHkkoh dE;wfuLV usrk us fn;kA mudkdguk Fkk fd nqfu;k Hkj ds etnwj bl fnu dkseukrs gSa rks Hkkjr esa Hkh bldh 'kq:vkr dh tkuhpkfg,A eækl esa ebZ fnol eukus dh vihy dhxbZA bl volj ij ogk¡ dbZ tulHkk,¡ vkSj tqywlvk;ksftr dj etnwjksa ds fgrksa ds çfr lHkh dkè;ku vkdf"kZr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA vktHkh foÜo ds lHkh cM+s ns'kksa esa Jfed fnol ;kebZ fnol euk;k tkrk gSA Hkys gh vyx&vyxjk"Vªksa esa bl fnu dks eukus dk rjhdk fHké gSysfdu bldk ,dek=k mís'; etnwjksa dks eq[; èkkjkesa cuk, j[kuk vkSj muds vfèkdkjksa ds çfr lektdks vkSj Lo;a mUgsa tkx#d djuk gSA

orZeku le; esa ns'k esa Jfed fgr gsrq xfBreq[;r% vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ds pkj&ik¡p JfedlaxBu gSa ftuesa çeq[k gSa Hkkdik dh uhfr;ksa lstqM+h vf[ky Hkkjrh; VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl (,Vd)]ekdik ls tqM+h lsUVj vkWQ VªsM ;wfu;u (lhVw)]

etnwj fnol D;k;kn fnykrk gS\

vk'kh"k of'k"B

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lkfgR;@xfrfo/ctk; ,d oxZ ds :i esa ,dtqV gksdj viusjktuhfrd vfèkdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk gksxkAdke ds ?kaVs de djus dh ekax ml le; dhlcls cM+h jktuhfrd ekax FkhA ebZ fnol ds'kghnksa dh d÷ckZuh csdkj ugha x;hA tYnh gh dkeds ?kaVksa dh ekax ij la?k"kZ dh ygj dh ygj iwjhnqfu;k esa QSy x;hA iwathifr oxZ dh ljdkjsa vkB?kaVs dke ds fnu dk dkuwu cukus ds fy, etcwjgks x;haA ;gh ugha] etnwjksa dh tq>k: oxZ psrukls ?kcjkbZ nqfu;k ds vfèkdka'k ns'kksa dh ljdkjsaJe dkuwu cukdj fdlh u fdlh gn rd etnwjksadks fpfdRlk] vkokl vkfn cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,¡]rFkk ;wfu;u cukus dk vfèkdkj nsus] U;wure etnwjkr; djus vkSj tc ethZ jkstxkj Nhu ysus tSlhekfydksa dh fujad÷'k gjdrksa ij cafn'ksa yxkus dsfy, etnwj gks x;haA

exj fiNys 25&30 lkyksa ds nkSjku etnwjvkanksyu dh detksjh vkSj fc[kjko dk Qk;nkmBkdj iwathifr fQj ls etnwjksa ij gkoh gks x,gSaA gekjs 'kghn Hkkb;ksa us viuk [kwu nsdj tks gdgkfly fd;s Fks os ,d&,d djds etnwjksa ls Nhufy, x, gSaA vkt fQj etnwjksa ls 12&14 ?kaVstkuojksa dh rjg dke djk;k tkrk gSA U;wureetnwkj] t‚c dkMZ] bZ,lvkbZ] lkIrkfgd NqêhtSls cqfu;knh vfèkdkj rd gesa ugha fn;s tkrsAviuh ;wfu;u cukus dk vfèkdkj Hkh gels Nhufy;k x;k gSA flj >qdkdj cSy dh rjg dke esatqVs jguk] dne&dne ij vieku lguk vkS dHkhHkh fudky fn, tkus ds Mj esa thukA ;gh gS vktetnwj dh ftanxhA fiNys ,d lky esa ns'kHkj esaetnwj vkanksyu vkSj mudh tk;t ekaxksa dks d÷pyusdk d÷pØ pyrk jgk gSA ek:fr etnwj vkanksyuesa ekfyd&etnwj la?k"kZ dh ;kn rktk djk nhA ns'kesa tc dHkh Hkh Jfedksa ds fgr esa Jfed laxBuksa}kjk O;oLFkk ds f[kykQ vkanksyu dh ckr mBrhjgh gS rc&rc vyx&vyx [kses esa caVs gksus dsdkj.k bl rjg ds vkanksyu dks lQyrk ugha feyik;h gSA ftlds dkj.k Jfedksa dh leL;k vktT;ksa dh R;ksa jg x;h gSA tc dHkh Hkh ns'k esa JfedlaxBuksa ds chp bl fn'kk esa ,d gksdj vkoktmBh gS og vkokt ifjorZu dk dkj.k cuh gSA

,sls esa ebZ fnol dk fnu gesa ;kn fnykusvk;k gSA lkfFk;ks] xqykeh dh uhan ls tkxks] etnwjla?k"kks± dh 'kkunkj fojklr dks ;kn djksA etnwjoxZ ges'kk ds fy, ijkLr ugha gqvk gSA yM+kbZ vHkhtkjh gSA igyk nkao iwathifr;ksa dk lQy gqvk gSAysfdu eqëhHkj yqVsjs tksj&tqYe ls djksM+ksa&djksM+esgurd'k vkcknh dks ges'kk ds fy, nckdj ughaj[k ldrsA vkus okys o"kks± esa iwath vkSj Je dschp vkf[kjh tax gksxh ftlesa thr esgurd'kksa dhgh gksxhA bldh rS;kjh gesa vkt ls gh djuh gksxhA;gh ebZ fnol dk lans'k gSA (tuksfä)

fgUnh esa ltZukRed miyfC/;ksa ds fy,jk¡ph dh laLFkk ^yhykorh ltu QkmaMs'ku* dkigyk lEeku lekjksg& 2014] 26 viSzy 2014dks lEié gqvkA bl volj ij eq[; vfrfFkJs.; lkfgR;dkj MkW0 ujsUæ dksgyh us dgk fdjpukdkjksa ds lEeku ls lkjk jk"Vª lEekfur gksrkgSA gekjs ns'k esa ys[kdksa dh drkj cgqr yEch gSysfdu vfHkO;fDr dh mRÑ"V vfHkyk"kk vkSjekSfyd lksp ls leð ys[kd gh lEekfur gksrsgSaA MkW0 dksgyh us Lokeh foosdkuUn ds izflðf'kdkxks Hkk"k.k dk mYys[k djrs gq, dgk fdjk"Vªh; psruk gh ledkyhu ltu dk vk/kj gSAgj ih<+h ds jpukdkjksa dk jk"Vªh; psruk ls tqM+ukpkfg,A lekjksg esa Hkksiky dh lq[;kr dFkkdkjMkW0 mfeZyk fj'kh"k dks jkenkl frokjh ltulEeku Lo:i 25 gtkj #i;ksa dh jkf'k LefrfpÐ vkSj iz'kfLr ij ds lkFk nh xbZA blh le;iwf.kZ;k dh dgkuhdkj MkW0 fu:iek jk; dks Hkhfo|k frokjh okekJh lEeku Lo:i 11 gtkj#i;ksa dh jkf'k Lefr fpÐ vkSj iz'kfLr i=k dslkFk nh xbZA lEekfur gksus ds ckn MkW0 mfeZykf'kjh"k us QkmaMs'ku ds lkjLor iz;kl dh ljkgukdhA MkW0 fu:iek jk; us dgk fd lfn;ksa ls pkdij jgus okyh ukfj;ksa dh igpku cukus dk ;g

yhykorh ltu QkmaMs'ku dkigyk lEeku lekjksg lEiék

iz;kl iz'kaluh; gSA bl volj ij eksfrgkjh dsO;aX;dkj 'kf'kdkar flag ^'kf'k* dks flfðukFkfrokjh O;aX;Jh lEeku Lo:i 11 gtkj #i;ksadh jkf'k ds lkFk Lefr fpÐ ,oa iz'kfLr i=k Hkhfeyuk FkkA ysfdu vifjgk;Z dkj.kksa ls os mifLFkrugha gks ldsA lEeku lekjksg dh vè;{krk djrsgq, jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky; ds d÷yifr MkW0 ,y0,u0 Hkxr us dgk fd lekt dks vkxs c<+kus dsfy, lkfgR;dkjksa dk nkf;Ro ogÙkj gSA

vk;kstu dks izfrd÷yifr MkW0 jthmíhu usHkh lEcks/u fd;kA lEeku i=kksa dk okpu iz'kkarxkSjo us fd;kA vk;kstu dk lapkyu MkW0 lEinkika.Ms; us fd;kA izkjaHk esa ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh usLokxr fd;k vkSj var esa MkW0 dey d÷ekj ckslus /U;okn Kkiu fd;kA jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;]dsUæh; iqLrdky; ds Hkjs gq, lHkkxkj esa jpukdkj,d=k FksA buesa Ìrk 'kqDy] ubZ /kjk ds lEikndf'koukjk;.k] v'kksd fiz;n'khZ] Jo.kd÷ekj xksLokeh]fo|kHkw"k.k] j.ksUæ d÷ekj] gjsjke f=kikBh psru*]lq'khy vadu] ek;k izlkn] tax cgknqj ik.Ms;]Hkkstiqjh ds lEiknd ftrsUæ oekZ] yyu prqosZnh]fnyhi rsrjos] Jherh vaxnk] ds vykok dbZx.;eku fo}ku&ys[kd] cqfðthoh vkSj ehfM;kds yksx 'kkfey gq,A

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Je&fo'ks"kgSA vkSj] bl rjg gekjs ns'k dsetnwj lkaLÑfrd] lkekftd]èkkfeZd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktfufrdvkèkkj ij c¡Vs gq, gSA fulansg]gekjs ns'k esa etnwjksa dh fLFkfr iwjsfoÜo ls vyx gSA

gekjs ns'k esa dE;qfuTe(lkE;okn) lQy ugha gks ldrk]D;ksafd bldk flQZ vkfFkZd vkèkkjgSA dkyZ ekDlZ dh yydkj^^nqfu;k ds etnwjksa ,d gkas** Hkkjresa ne rksM+rh utj vkrh gSA D;ksafd;gk¡ etnwj&oxZ tkfrxr c¡Vokjsds f'kdkj gSa] vkSj bl dkj.k ,dugha gks ldrsA flQZ lkekftdvkèkkj ij lks'kfyTe (lektokn)Hkh lQy ugha gks ldrk] ftldhvoèkkj.kk fo'ks"kdj Hkkjrh; lanHkZesa vktknh ds ckn j[kh x;h FkhAvkSj tks vcrd flQZ lafoèkku

dh 'kksHkk c<kus ,oa vkj{k.k rd lhfer gSAfofHké èkeks± ds ns'k esa flQZ èkkfeZdvkèkkj Hkh lgh ugha gSA vkSj bulcksa ls vyx ge U;wVªy jktuhfrdh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrsA rks

1 ebZ nqfu;k Hkj ds etnwjksa dh ,drk ,oafodkl dk ladYi fnol gSA ysfdu] D;k vkiusdHkh lkspk fd ;g Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa Hkh çklafxdgS ;k ugha\

njvly] etnwj fnol dh voèkkj.kk vkfFkZd:i ls 'kksf"kr etnwjksa dks dsaæ esa j[krs gq, dhx;h gS vkSj ;g fons'kh dE;qfuLV lkE;oknhfopkj&èkkjk ls çHkkfor gSA foÜo lUnHkZ esaetnwjksa dks lkekU;r% vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+k oxZekuk tkrk gS] tks fd Hkkjrh; lanHkZ flQZ ,dlad÷fpr fopkj gS vkSj bls O;kid :i lsle>us dh t#jr gSA

gekjs ns'k dh czkge.koknh ;k euqoknho.kZ&O;oLFkk esa] ftlus lfn;ksa ls Hkkjrh; laLÑfr,oa lekt dks o.kZ] oxZ] tkfr ,oa mitkfr esa

^nqfu;k ds etnwj ,d gks*dh yydkj vcne rksM+ jgh gS

v'kksd d÷ekj

ck¡V dj j[kk gS] etnwj oxZ nksgjh HksnHkko dsf'kdkj gSaA ;gk¡ vfèkdka'k etnwj 'kwæ ;k oS';Hkh gSaA os NqvkNwr] tkfrxr HksnHkko ,oa uhpgksus ds Hkko ls ihfM+r gSaA vkSj bl rjg os uflQZ vkfFkZd :i ls] cfYd lkaLÑfrd ,oalkekftd :i ls Hkh fiNM+s gSaA ;g o.kZ&O;oLFkkfgUnw lekt dh nsu gS vkSj dekscs'k ns'k dseqfLye ,oa blkbZ lekt esa Hkh O;kIr gSA D;ksfd;gk¡ ds eqfLye ,oa blkbZ lekt Hkh fgUnw lektls gh èkeZ&ifjorZu ds vkèkkj ij cus gSaA yksxksus èkeZ rks cny fy;k ysfdu o.kZ&O;oLFkkdk;e jgh- bl lkaLÑfrd] èkkfeZd ,oa lkekftdo.kZ&O;oLFkk us gh gekjs ns'k esa ,d fof'k"Vjktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh vkèkkj&f'kyk dk;e dhgS] tksfd laLÑfr] èkeZ] o.kZ ,oa vFkZ dk ?kkyesy

fQj mik; D;k gS\ fulansg vkfFkZd] lkekftd] èkkfeZd ,oa

jktuhfrd vkèkkjksa ds leUo; ij vkèkkfjr O;oLFkkdk;e djuh gksxhA gekjs ns'k esa etnwjksa dhfLFkfr esa lqèkkj rcrd ugha gks ldrk] tcrdflQZ vkfFkZd vkèkkj ij lqèkkj dh dksf'k'k gksrhjgsxhA ;k flQZ lkekftd vkèkkj ij lqèkkj dhdksf'k'k gksrh jgsxhA gesa vkfFkZd vkèkkj dslkFk&lkFk lkaLÑfrd] lkekftd] èkkfeZd ,oajktuhfrd vkèkkj ij Hkh ;kfu lexz :i lsdksf'k'k djuh gksxhA vkSj blds fy, ge viusns'k esa lekurk ij vkèkkfjr ,d ,sls 'kks"k.k eqDrO;oLFkk dh ifjdYiuk dj ldrs gS] ftlesvkfFkZd lekurk (lkeku volj rFkk lHkh lq[kh,oa lkèku lEié gksa) ds lkFk&lkFk lkaLÑfrd(o.kZ&O;oLFkk jfgr)] lkekftd (tkfrxrHksnHkko jfgr)] èkkfeZd (gj èkeZ dks cjkcjle>uk) rFkk fdlh Hkh èkeZ dks ekuus ;k uekuus dh Lora=krk rFkk jktuhfrd (jktuhfr dkslkaLÑfrd] tkfrxr ,oa èkkfeZd :i ls fujis{kj[kuk) Lora=krk gks] rks blls mRÑ"V vkSj d÷Ngks gh ugha ldrkA

rks vk;sa] vkSj bl etnwj fnol ds miy{kesa vius liuksa dk ,d ,slk gh ns'k fuekZ.k dkladYi ysaA

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'kks/ vkys[k

vk/qfud ,adkdh oLrqr% fgUnh ,dkadh ghgS] ftldk fodkl ik'pkR; fo'ks"kr% vaxzsth ,dkadhds izHkko vSj viuh 'kfDr ls gqvk gSA fodkl Øe ls ,dkadh fgUnh lkfgR; esa Hkh ,d Lora=kfo/k gS] ftlus vis{kkÑr de le; esa ghizHkko'kkyh vkSj fof'k"V fo/k ds :i esa pfpZrgksrs gq, lqLFkkfir gks x;k gSA

,dkadh vius dysoj esa ,d laf{kIr ukV~;&:igS] vr% bls le; dh fuf'pr lhek esa gh izs{kdksadks izHkkfor djuk gksrk gSA bl dlkSVh ij ogh,dkadh lQy vkSj xfjek dk gdnkj gks ldrh gSftlds jpuk&fo/ku ds ewy esa laf{kIrrk ds lkFk&lkFklHkh rRo ,d lw=k esa fijks;s tk ldsaA ,dkadh dsdFkkud esa ,d y{; rFkk la?k"kZ vkSj }U} dhifjiw.kZrk visf{kr gSA ukVd esa la?k"kZ o }U} dkizn'kZu vR;ko';d gSA }U} ds izn'kZu ls ukVdvf/d jkspd cu tkrk gSA }U} ls ukVd dhdFkkoLrq esa vf/d vkd"kZ.k mRiUu gks tkrk gSAvR;qfDr u gksxh] ;fn dgk tk, fd ukVd dkizk.k mlds la?k"kZ esa iksf"kr gSA1 ;gh ckr ,dkadh dslaca/ esa Hkh gSA la?k"kZ cfgZthou ;k vUrthZou&fdlhdk Hkh gks ldrk gSA la?k"kZ dh nf"V ls ogha ,dkadhlokZf/d lQy gksrh gS] ftlesa dFkk fodkl dslkFk ik=kksa dk vUr}ZU} vkSj mlds ek?;e lsvUrthZou izdkf'kr gksrk gSA oLrqr% ,dkadh dsjpuk&fo/ku esa la?k"kZiw.kZ fLFkfr dk egRo fufoZokngSA la?k"kZ ;k }U} dFkkud vkSj vfUofr=k;&ladyu=k;ls laca/ gksuk vko';d gSA

,dkadh ds jpuk fo/ku esa la?k"kZiw.kZ fLFkfrds lkFk gh dFkk&fuekZ.k dk loky Hkh egRoiw.kZgSA ,dkadh dk dFkkud xfr'khy gksrk gS vkSj mlsrsth ls laokjdj mldk la?kVu djrk gS] vuqdwyizHkko mRié djus ds fy, mlesa leqfpr ifjos'krS;kj djrk gS] dFkk dk y{;] ik=kksa dk pkfjf=kdoSf'k"V~; vkSj ekufld n'kk rFkk vfHku; dh:ijs[kk vuqL;qr djrk gSA ?kVuk dk le;] LFkku]ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lHkh dk ;Fkk;ksX; ladsr djrk gSA

vk/kqfud ,dkadhdk jpuk&fo/kku

thou ;k lekt dh foLrr ifjf/ ls izs{kdksa dksifjfpr djkrs gq, mudh Hkkoukvksa dks m}sfyrdj jllf"V ;k vkuUn lf"V ds vo;oksa dsmiLFkkfir djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA mlesa ,dkxzrk]mÙkstuk vkSj mns~';ksUeq[krk ykrk gSA oSls ,dkadh dsHkh LFkkiR; dks ukV~;'kkfL=k;ksa us foHkDr dj Li"Vdjus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA flMuh okDl* us ,dkadhds dFkkud dks izkjEHk] ifjp;] fodkl] pjelhek vkSj mn~?kkVu tSls Hkkxksa esa foHkDr djus dklq>ko fn;k gSA2 dqN ukV~;kykspdksa us fu:i.k]vo:a/u] mRd"kZ rFkk vid"kZ tSls izHkkxksa esa foHkDrdjuk mfpr ekuk gSA ,dkadh ds dFkkud dkizkjEHk ;k fu:i.k vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA izkjEHk dsvUrxZr dFkkud dh fLFkfr dks Li"V fd;k tkrkgS vkSj ml ifjos'k dks ladsfrr fd;k tkrk gSftlls dFkkud dk Li:i vkSj ik=kksa dk ifjp;Li"V gks tk;A ,dkadh dk izkjEHk fu'p; gh?;kukd"kZd vkSj laf{kIr gksuk visf{kr gSA ^,dkadhdh oLrq dk <+kWapk bruk NksVk vkSj mldk foLrkjbruk lad÷fpr gksrk gS fd fu:i.k&Hkkx esafoLrkjiwoZd ysDpjckth rFkk foLrr fo'ys"k.kdk u rks vodk'k gh jgrk gS vkSj u mldhvko';drkA blds lkFk gh ?;kukd"kZ.k dk vyxvkxzg gS] ftlds mij ,dkadh dk lEiw.kZ Hkkjjgrk gSA**3 oLrqr% dFkkud dk izkjEHk laf{kIr]è;kukd"kZd vkSj ifjp;kRed gksuk visf{kr gSA

dFkkud ds fodkl ;k iz;Ru vFkok vo:/uvoLFkk esa ukVdh;rk] ftKklk] vk'p;Z vkSj dkSrqgyls ifjiw.kZ gksuk visf{kr gSA blh Øe esa fojks/hrRoksa dk lekos'k dj la?k"kZ dk lw=kikr fd;k tkrkgS ftlls izs{kdksa dh :fp vkSj ftKklk c<+rh gSAtgk¡ n'kZdksa dh ftKklk pje lhek ij gksrh gS mlsdFkkud dk pjeksRd"kZ ekuk tkrk gSA izkjEHk vkSjfodkl ds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djrs gq,LokHkkfod pjeksRd"kZ ls dFkkud dh lQyrklqfuf'pr gksrh gSA vid"kZ ,dkadh ds dFkkud dhvfUre fLFkfr gS] ftlesa ukVdh; la?k"kZ dk volkugks tkrk gSA izs{kdksa dh ftKklk 'kkUr gks tkrh gSvkSj ,dkadh esa fu:fir lokyksa dk lek/ku Hkh,d lhek rd fey tkrk gSA ,dkadh ds dFkkuddh xfr] jkspdrk vkSj izHkkoksRikndrk ds izlax esaMkW0 jked÷ekj oekZ dk fopkj ^^izos'k d÷rwgyrkdh oØxfr ls gksrk gSA ?kVukvksa dh O;atuk mRlqdrk

ls yEch gks tkrh gSA fQj ?kVuk esa xfr dh ?kuhHkwrrjaxsa vkrh gS tks d÷rwgyrk ls [khapdh pje lhekesa ifj.kr gksrh gSA pje lhek ds ckn gh ,dkadhukVd dh lekfIr gks tkuh pkfg,] ugha rks lcdFkkud Qhdk iM+ tkrk gSA**4 lVhd gSA

,dkadh ds jpuk&fo/ku esa vfUofr=k; dkLo:i foospu Hkh visf{kr gSA vfUofr=k; dkrkRi;Z le;] dk;Z rFkk LFkku dh bdkbZ ladyu gS]vFkkZr~ ,dkadh ds dFkkud esa ?kfVr gksus okys lHkhdk;Z ,d fuf'pr le; lhek esa ,d LFkku ij gksaAblls ,dkadh esa ,drk vkSj ,dkxzrk Qfyr gksrkgSA dFkkud ds eq[; dk;Z&O;kikj ls lacð lHkh?kVukvksa dks ,d gh LFkku vkSj le; esa dsfUær djnsus ls xkS.k izlax ifjf/ ls ckgj gks tkrs gSa]ifj.kke Lo:i xfr esa dksbZ ck/k ugha gksrh gSAfgUnh ds dfri; fo}ku ukV~;kykspd ,dkadh dsfy, ladyu&=k; esa LFky&ladyu vfuok;Z ughaekurs] dHkh&dHkh dky&ladyu Hkh ,dkadh dsfy, vojks/ mRié dj ldrk gS] ij ,dkadh dh,d ,slh :id&jpuk gS] ftlesa ladyu&=k; dkfo/ku vufok;Z :i ls vko';d gSA ,dkadhukVddkj dh d÷'kyrk rks ;gh gS fd og ,d ghLFkku ij dk;ks± dh fofo/ ?kVukvksa dh fØ;k vkSjizfrfØ;k bl Hkk¡fr mifLFkr djs fd d÷rwgy dhlafpr jkf'k pjelhek esa mHkjdj fdlh lR; dhvksj ladsr dj nsA5 è;krO; ;g gS fd ,dkadh dsizHkko esa] mlds izHkkokfUofr ij ladyu&=k; dkdksbZ izfrdøy izHkko u iM+sA

lanHkZ ladsr&1- MkW0 jked÷ekj oekZ % fgUnh ,dkadh (lEikfnr)] i0 53-2- MkW0 flðukFk d÷ekj % fgUnh ,dkadh dh f'kYi fof/ dk fodkl- i0 50 ls mðr3- MkW0 ,l0 ih0 [k=kh % ukVd dh ij[ki0 284-4- MkW0 jked÷ekj oekZ % js'keh VkbZ] i0 20-5- MkW0 jked÷ekj oekZ % ,dkadh dyk (laEikfnr)] i0 35-laidZ %lgk;d izksQslj ,oa vè;{kfgUnh foHkkxoStukFk tkyku dkWyst] fllbZ]xqeyk& 835224

MkW0 jkes'oj lkgq

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

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eSa vla[; ca/uksa esa egkvkuUne;eqfDr dk Lokn yw¡xkoLrqr% johUæukFk us taxyksa esa cSBdj

vuUrkRek ds oSHko dks ugha <w¡<k cfYd mUgksausthou dks mlds lHkh :iksa ds lkFk vaxhdkjfd;k gSA og fojkV ^Hkwek* dks gh dyk dklPpk mn~xe LFky ekurs gSaA Hkwek* vFkkZr~ lEiw.kZrkAizÑfr ds lEiw.kZ n'kZu ds lkFk tM+&psru esaijekRek dh vuqHkwfr gh dyk ds mRl dk dkj.kgSA muds vuqlkj 'kk'or çtkifr bZ'oj dk e/qjre Lo:ikoyksdu gh dykdkj dk ÑfrRo gSAvouh ls vEcj rd mls iw.kkZyksd dk oj.kdjuk gSA lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr mls lhek ls vlhe dhvksj çR;kofRrZr djrh gSA euksje v#f.ke çHkkrosyk] çp.M mrIr fnol] fnolkolku dhjaxe;h es?kekyk vkSj uS'k xxu dh u{k=k gkjkoyhbZ'oj ds dykiw.kZ ÑfrRo dk gh ifj.kke gSAdykdkj dfo mlh iw.kkZRek dks viukrk gSAftruk gh vf/d ekuo viuh Hkkouk dk foLrkjvkSj psruk dk çLrkj.k djrk gS] mruk gh vf/d og iw.kZ lkSUn;Z ds çfr c<+rk gSA johUæukFkdk dfo ân; lkSUn;Z dh fo'okRed e/qe;dYiuk ls Hkjk gqvk gSA og dgrs gS fd gesaekuo&thou dh ,drk dks Hkh ân;xae djukgksxkA bl fo'kky lef"V dks viuh lsok dhvatfy vfiZr djuh gksxhA iw.kkZRek dk cks/djus ds fy, leLr ekuo&thou vkSj leLrfo'o esa gesa ,drk dk n'kZu djuk gksxkA viusxzUFk ltZukRed ,drk* esa johUnzukFk us cqð dsthou ds oSf'k"V~; dk leFkZu fd;k gSA cqð us

dohUæ johUæukFk Bkd÷j dk uke lkfgfR;dbfrgkl ds Lof.kZe i"Bksa ij e.;k{kjksa esa vafdrgS] tks lnk lân;ksa dks peRÑr] mYyflr oHkko foHkksj djrk jgrk gSA mudh jpukvksa dsvry lkxj esa voxkgu dj lqIr o erizk;ân; Hkh thoUr gks dEiu dj mBrk gSA getSls&tSls muds xhrksa esa voxkgu djrs gS] oSls&oSlsus=k tye; gks fdlh vkuUne; yksd esa fopj.kdjus dks ckè; gks tkrs gSaA ân; oh.kk ds lgL=krkj >aÑr gks mBrs gSaA mudh dfork,¡ ml yksdesa ys tkrh gSa tks d÷N vn~Hkqr lkSUn;Ze; gaS] dqNvfuoZpuh; vykSfdd vkuane; gaSA muds izÑfrn'kZu rks brus je.kh; gSa fd tks ije ifo=kf'k'kq&eq[k dh dksey fu'Ny g¡lh&ls xw¡t&xw¡tmBrs gaSA izÑfr ds vR;Ur lqUnjre yksd lsmudh ekul&psruk ml vkè;kfRed /jkry ijtehu ls d÷N Åij mB dj lapj.k'khy gksrhizrhr gksrh gS] tks mifu"knksa ls fu%lr vk"kZokD;&lh 'kk'or lR; dh vksj bafxr djrh gSAmuds ^izHkkr laxhr* o ^lkaè;laxhr* esa mudkogh ekul yksd ;k dgsa d÷N vykSfddvkè;kfRed cks/ izFker% ef.keuds&lk fc[kjiM+k gSA og dgrs gSa fd dfoRoe; nf"V lsmudk ^izHkkr&laxhr^ d÷N fof'k"V Hkys u gksmuds fy, rks vfrfof'k"V gS D;ksafd muds mlijekRe cks/ dk izFke vuqHkwr n'kZu gS] tksfojyksa dks gh izkI; gksrk gSA ftlds o.kZu esa'kCn l{ke ugha gks ldrsA NUn] vyadkj dhe;kZnk VwV lh tkrh gS os egRoghu gks tkrs gaSAvius rhoz xgjs Hkkoksa dks 'kCnksa esa fijksrs gq, ogdgrs gS &

^^vkt izHkkr dh osyk esa jfo fdj.ksadSls esjs izk.k esa lek x;hAxqgk ds v¡/sjs esa dSls izos'k fd;kizHkkr fogax ds laxhr usA

u tkus dSls brus fnu ds ckn izk.k tkx mBkA blh vuqHko dks og vf/d Li"V :i esa

viuh dfork ^izHkkr&mRlo* esa fy[krs gSa &vkt esjk ân; u tkus dSls mUeqDr gks x;k gSAiFoh ij ftrus 'kr&lgLkz euq"; gSa]

esjs izk.k esa vkrs gSa g¡ldj eq>ls xys feyrs gSaAlHkh ekuoksa esa vkRen'kZu ls gh

fpÙk dh O;kidrk mRiUu gksrh gSA ;gfpÙk dh mnkjrk dk lekos'k gh *izHkkrmRlo* ds lgtksRl dk dkj.k gSA johUæukFkus ckyiu esa gh mifu"knksa ds xw<+rRo dklk{kkRdkj dj fy;k FkkA

og dgrs gSa fd euq"; ds fofo/laca/ksa esa vkuUn dk jl gSA lcyksxksa esa;g tks vkuan jl gS] mlds }kjk gh^egkjl* dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA* jlks oS l%*blds [k.M&[k.M vkfoHkkZo esa gh czã dks izkIrfd;k x;k FkkA ;g vuqHkwfr vlaiw.kZ :Ik esamuds }kjk dgh x;h D;ksafd og rks vfuoZpuh;gksrk gS] mifu"kn okD; Hkh bldh iqf"V djrsvk, gaSA os O;kd÷yrk ds i'pkr~ ije'kkfUr dsblh Hkko dks çHkkr laxhr* esa O;Dr djrs gSa&

vkt eSa dksbZ ckr ugha dgw¡xkAvkt eSa dksbZ xhr ugha xkÅ¡xkAlc vfues"k esjh vksj ns[k jgs gSaesjk fLer eq[k ns[k lkjk 'kksd Hkwy x, gaSAjohUæukFk fo'o ds çR;sd oLrq esa vR;ar

lkSUn;Ze; rRo ds n'kZu djrs FksA ftlesa yksxlkSUn;Zfoghurk ds n'kZu djrs] mlesa Hkh mUgsavikj lkSUn;Z n'kZu gksrk FkkA

eSa mls Ñ".k dyh dgrk gw¡dywVh dgrs gaS ftls xk¡o ds yksx----pkgs ftruh Hkh dkyh gks ogeSaus mldh dkyh fgjuh lh vk¡[ksa ns[kh gSaAmUgsa o{kksa dh cU/q e.Myh esa eS=kh dh

vuqHkwfr gksrh FkhA os ouksa] ufn;ksa if{k;ksa dsdyjo ls foeqX/gks mBrs FksA mUgkssaus viuh jpukvksaesa çkÑfrd rFkk ,sfUæd oLrqvksa dk frjLdkjvFkok fu"ks/ ugha fd;k cfYd mUgsa ,d uwrunk'kZfud rFkk vkè;kfRed vFkZ çnku fd;kAmudh jpukvksa esa vkd"kZ.k dk ;g eq[; dkj.kgSA bl lkSUn;Ze; lalkj dks NksM+ og iyk;uoknhugha gksuk pkgrs] og viuh dfork ^eqfDr* esadgrs gSa&

oSjkX; lk/uk }kjk eqfDr esjs fy, ugha gSA

MkW0 Hkkjrh f}osnh

johUnzukFk dh dforkvksaesa vk/;kfRed&psruk

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'kks/ vkys[k^{kqæa vga* ds uk'k dk mins'k fn;k vkSj çse dhlk/uk djus dks dgkA

e.Mdksifu"kn~~ ds lR;e~ f'koe~ vkSj v}Sre~dh ekU;rk esa johUæukFk dh lgefr Fkh vR;arlaqnj o lEiw.kZ fo'o esa O;kIr og ,d gh lR;gS] og okd~jfgr] fujkdkj] jaxghu fujis{k gS rksdHkh og lkdkj] vifjfer] pSrU;] d#.kke;Hkh gSA ^vYcVZ 'okbV~tj* dk dguk gS fd^^VSxksj ,dRookn vkSj }Srokn ds chp ,slsfopj.k djrs gSa ekuksa nksuksa ds chp dksbZ [kkbZ ghu gksA muds fopkj esa ije vkè;kfRed fuR;lRrk rFkk mldh fujUrj ltZukRedrk bu nksuksa/kj.kkvksa dks ,d lkFk Lohdkj dj ysus esa dksbZvUrfoZjks/ ugha gSA**

johUæukFk ;g ekurs gS fd lokZuqHkw% czãdks çse ds }kjk gh ik;k tk ldrk gSA çse oLrqr%psruk dh mPpre voLFkk gSA ;fn ge mlvoLFkk dks çkIr dj ysa rks lEiw.kZ O;Fkk dk'keu gks tk,xkA ;g izse thou ds d.k&d.k esa<w¡<uk gksxkA [ksrksa esa ilhuk cgkrs Ñ"kdksa] iRFkjrksM+rs etnwjksa esa Hkh ijekRen'kZu djuk gksxkAokLrfod isze rks og gS tks /wfy&eafnj* esa ,ddeZ;ksxh ds izfr fn[k iM+rk gSA Hktu] iwtulk/kuk ds }kjk nsork dks ugha ik;k tk ldrkA^/wfyeafnj* esa johUæukFk dgrs gSa &

Hktu iwtu lk/uk&vkjk/uk lcd÷N iM+k jgs---Avk¡[k [kksydj è;ku ls ns[k rkslgh& nsork ?kj esa ugha gSaAnsork rks ogk¡ x, gSa tgk¡ ekVhxksM+dj [ksfrgj [ksrh djrs gSa---Avjs] rw Hkh mUgha ds leku LoPNdiM+s cnydj /wy ij tkAmudh dfoRoiw.kZ vkRek vO;oLFkk ?k`.kk]

vUrfoZjks/k o la?k"kZ ds çfr foæksg fd;k djrhFkh] os ekurs Fks fd lkeatL; dh y; euq"; dksân;ghurk] fujk'kk rFkk nq[k ls eqfDr nsrh gSAlkeatL; dh vfHkO;fDr :Ik gS] çse ,oa lkSUn;ZAogh çse rks eqfDr dk }kj [kksyrk gSA mudhfo'okRek ds çfr vkLFkk o mnkj psruk gh pjeifj.kfr gS ;s i¡fDr;k¡&

^^vkvks vk;&vuk;Z lHkhfgUnw&eqfLye&larkuvkvks&vkvks v¡xzstksa rqevkvks gs fØLrkuvkvks czkã.k] 'kqfp dj ds eu

lcds gkFk xgksvkvks ifrr] u gks viekfurlknj lkFk jgksAbl çdkj og dfo rFkk f'k"V lkfgR; ds

fo}ku~ gksus ds dkj.k ladh.kZ foHkktd js[kkvksa

ds çfr mnklhu FksA mUgksaus laxfBr ekuo dks,drk rFkk lkeatL; dk lUns'k fn;k ,oa foyki]d#.kk] nq%[k rFkk ,dkdhiu ds ml ikj 'kkfUrrFkk çse dk n'kZu fd;kA muds bl ekuookndk iks"k.k vkè;kfRedrk dh tM+ksa esa gqvk FkkAmudk n<+er Fkk fd ekuorkokn gh gesa iFkdRorFkk lkEçnkf;d ladh.kZrk ls cpk ldrk gSA

johUæukFk euq"; ds vUr% dj.k dh ifo=krkdks Lohdkj djrs gaSA muds vuqlkj euq"; dkvUr% dj.k gh uSfrdrk dh dlkSVh çLrqr djrkgSA mudh nf"V eas uSfrdrk ls ;qDr ekuoh; xq.kksals lEiUu çse iw.kZ ân; gh vkè;kfRed iw.kZrkçkIr dj ldrk gSA lkfgfR;d e/qe; lkSUn;Z dslkFk muesa ekuork ds mnkRr ifj"dkj dk lans'kHkh gS tks ekuoRo ls nsoRo dh çkfIr dk ekxZç'kLr djrk gSA

lR; gS mudh dfork,¡ vkè;kfRed psrukdks tkxr djrh gSa rks lkalfjd vko';drkvksa]lq[k&'kkfUr o vkuUn ds fy,] uSfrdrk oekuork dk lqUnj vkJ;.k Hkh djrh gSA mudh

jpuk,¡] thou dks lEiw.kZrk ls thus dh dykfl[kkrh gSaA os ftruh euksgkjh gSa] mruh ghmi;ksxh Hkh gSaA fuf'pr:is.k mudh dfork,¡lh/s ân; esa ços'k djrh gSaA os lqUnjre çÑfryksd ls mn~Hkqr vkuUne; vè;kReyksd dk n'kZudjkrh gSa rks fuR;çfr ds O;ogkj esa d÷'ky cuusdh {kerk Hkh çnku djrh gSaA

lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph&1- tu&x.k&eu ds mn~xkrk% johUæukFk Bkdqj&çks0 vkse çdk'k ik.Ms; (lHkh caxyk

dforkvksa ds fgUnh vuqokn Hkh miyC/)2- gekjs uopSrU; çnkrk &fxjh'kpUnz feJ3- johUæ jpuk lap;u& ladyudrkZ&vflr d÷ekj cUnksikè;k;4- vk/qfud Hkkrh; jktuhfrd fpUru&vk0MkW0 fo'oukFk çlkn oekZ

lgk;d izksQsljlaLÑr foHkkx

txékFkuxj egkfo|ky;] /qokZ] jk¡ph-

dy jkr dh cklh jksVh dksvkt ets ls [kk jgk gw¡ eSady ,d ?kj cuk ds vk;k Fkkvkt fQj cukus tk jgk gw¡ eSa,d yksVk ikuh ihdj fQjviuh Hkw[k feVk jgk gw¡ eSaxe tks Hkh eu esa Fkk esjsvkt mldks Hkqyk jgk gw¡ eSaetnwj dh tks ftanxh gSmldks [kwc fuHkk jgk gw¡ eSaviuh esgur dh jksVh dkscgqr bTtr ls [kk jgk gw¡ eSaeafnj&efLtn xq#}kjs cukrkfdrus gh Ldøy cuk jgk gw¡ eSa

esgur etnwjh djds cPpksa dkscM+h eqf'dyksa ls i<+k jgk gw¡ eSaesgur djds 'kke ?kj ykSVrkcPpksa dks dgkuh lqukrk gw¡ eSa[kqn Hkw[ks isV jg jg dj HkhcPpksa dks jksVh f[kyk jgk gw¡ eSa;w¡ rks ns'k dj jgk gS rjDdhij etnwj D;ksa ;w¡ ej jgk gS,d jksVh dh [kkfrj og vktviuh bTtr dks csp jgk gSbl cs'keZ usrkfxjh dksdc vius ns'k ij n;k vk,xh'kk;n fQj ls xqyke gks dj ghbUgsa oru dh fQj ;kn vk,xh ---

etnwjlat; d÷ekj fxfj

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

izrhd dk Lo:i

dYiuk lkfgR; {ks=k esa tks dk;Z djrhgS] mlesa dfo ;k HkksDrk ds fopkjksa ,oa lw{eHkkoksa dks ^fcEc* ds :i esa izLrqr djuk Hkh gSAlkfgR;kpk;ksZa us dYiuk dk tks Hkh egRo cryk;kgks] exj gekjh rks ;g /kj.kk gS fd dYiuk ghfcEc ds :i esa ewfrZr gksrh gS ;k dgsa fd fcEcksads ek?;e ls gh dYiuk dk izLrqrhdj.k gksrk gSAvr% dYiuk ls vf/d egRo fcEcksa dk gqvkAvkt ds lkfgR;kpk;Z Hkh dYiuk ls vf/degRo fcEc dks gh nsrs gaSA 1850 ds cknik'pkR; lkfgR;'kkL=k esa vusdkusd vkanksyugq,A bu vkanksyuksa us fcEc fc/ku dks gh dfodeZ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k Fkk] ysfdu ,d rF; ;gHkh gS fd ik'pkR; lkfgR;'kkfL=k;ksa us fcEcokn*;k ^fcEc flðkar* dh LFkkiuk dj nhA blLFkkiuk ds dkj.k vR;f/d foLrkj fcEc dksfeykA MkW0 cPpu flag ds vuqlkj&^1908 esagwYes vkSj fiyan us fcEcokn ij ,d ?kks"k.ki=kizdkf'kr fd;kA 1912 ls 17 rd yUnu vkSjvesfjdk esa fcEcokn dk ,d vkUnksyu gh pyiM+kA1

fcEc ds egRo dk ftruk fu:i.k vk/qfuddky esa gqvk] 'kk;n mruk igys dHkh ugha gqvkAvk/qfud ;qx esa dyk ds lanHkks± esa fcEc dh ghlokZf/d ppkZ gqbZ gSA bldks vk/qfud dkO; esagh vf/d egRo ,oa izJ; izkIr gqvkA ik'pkR;dkO; esa rks lkfgR'kkfL=k;ksa us fcEc dks okn lstksM+dj izfrf"Br fd;kA ;gkWa rd fd blsdkO;kRek ekuus ij Hkh cy fn;k tkus yxkA exj,slk ekuuk vfr'k;rk FkhA Hkkjrh; lkfgR;kpk;ks±us vc rd fcEc dks ,d vyx izfreku ughaekuk FkkA bruk vo'; gS fd vyadkj'kkL=k esavizLrqr fo/ku ds lanHkZ esa fcEc ds egRo dk

foospu gqvk gSAlkfgfR;d {ks=k esa fcEc ds fo"k; esa nks

vo/kj.k,¡ iuihaA ,d i{k dh vo/kj.kk Fkh fddkO; esa fcEcksa dk iz;ksx vko';d gS] vFkkZrtks fcEc dks dkO; dk lk?; ekurs gSaA nwljs i{kdh vo/kkj.kk bl i{k ls FkksM+h fHké FkhA fHkébl vFkZ esa fd bruk ekuuk Fkk fd fcEc dforkds lk/u ek=k gSaA fcEcksa ls dkO; esa pk:rk ,oavFkZxHkZRo c<+rk gSA bu nksuksa i{kksa dks lkfgR;&lalkj}kjk Øe'k% fcEcokn ,oa izrhdokn ukeddkO;kanksyuksa dh laKk ls izfr"Bkfir fd;k tkpqdk gSA mieku miek dk gh ,d vax gS vkSjogh vius rkts :i esa fcEc vkSj iqjkus :i esaizrhd cu tkrs gSaA MkW0 'kadjnso vorjs dkdFku gS ^^tc lkfgR;dkj ns[krk gS fd fcEcf?kldj izrhd cu x;k gS ;kuh u, vkSj rktsvFkZ dk lanHkZ xk;c gks x;k gS] rc og fQj lsthou vkSj txr ds chp u;s vFkZ dh lk/ukdjrk gS vkSj u;s :i esa mldh laosnuk fcEc:iesa izdV gksrh gSA fcEc dk fuf'pr vFkZ gksukmldk iru gS tks izrhd :i esa izdV gksrk gSA**2

vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy dk bl fo"k; esadFku gS ^vizLrqr fo/ku gh dkO; dk foHkkoi{kgSa mlesa izLrqr vkSj vizLrqr vFkkZr okLrfodvkSj dkYifud nksuksa izdkj ds fcEcksa dk lek;kstugks tkrk gSA3 fcEc fo/ku dyk dk fØ;k i{kgS tks dYiuk ls mifLFkr gksrk gSA dYiuk ls ghfcEc dk vkfoHkkZo gksrk gS vkSj fcEcksa ls izrhddkA tc dYiuk ewrZ :i /kj.k djrh gS vkSjtc fcEc ckj&ckj ds iz;ksx ls fdlh fuf'proxZ esa fu/kZfjr gks tkrs gSa] rc muls izrhdksa dkfuekZ.k gksrk gSA dyk foospu dh rkfRod nf"Vls fcEc dYiuk vkSj izrhd dk e?;LFk gSA tgkWaij fcEc ,d izdkj dk 'kCnxHkhZ fp=k gS] oghaij mieku vFkZxHkhZ foU;klA fcEc dksbZ Hkhekufld O;kikj] fopkj] ?kVuk] vyadkj] nksoLrqvksa dh rqyuk dqN Hkh gks ldrk gSA** vkpk;ZuUnnqykjs oktis;h ds vuqlkj] ^^vk/qfud ;qxesa ftls ge fcEcokn dgrs gSa] ogha eq[;r%vyadkjksa dh oLrq gSA izrhdksa dk iz;ksx mies;dks vf/d HkkoO;atd cukus ds fy, fd;ktkrk gS] izrhd vkSj mieku esa bl nf"V ls lw{evarj gSA mieku vFkok vizLrqr fdlh lkSan;Z dksfpf=kr djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS tcfd

izrhd iwjs lanHkZ dks Li"V djrk gSA**4fcEc vkSj izrhd vc vyadkj ek=k u

jgdj Lora=k :i ls f'kYi ds rRo cu x;s gSaAcqfð dks thou ds jgLe; rRoksa ds izdk'ku esavleFkZ ikdj cqfðokn ds fojks/ esa fcEc ,oaizrhdokfn;ksa us bls ,d vkanksyu dk :i fn;kAdfo dks izrhd dk vkJ;] lw{e vuqHkwfr;ksavFkok {kh.k lanHkks± ds vadu esa lkn'; fo/kudks vleFkZ ikdj ysuk iM+rk gSA fcEc ,oa izrhdvyadkj dh gh rjg dkO; ds Lora=k miknku cupqds gSaA bu vyadkjksa ls feyrh&tqyrh dFku dhHkafxekvksa dks vyadkj esa lekfgr dj nsuk loZFkkvuqfpr gksxkA ;|fi ;s Hkafxek,¡ iqjkuh gksrs gq,Hkh u;h dgh tk;saxhA

vaxzsth 'kCn IMAGE ds i;kZ; Lo:i^fcEc* 'kCn dk izpyu gSA vaxzsth ds fofHké'kCndks'kksa esa best dk vFkZ ewrZ :i iznku djuk]fp=kcð djuk] izfrPNkf;r djuk] izfrfcfcrdjuk vkfn cryk;k x;k gSA blds foifjrfcEc dks fdlh inkFkZ vFkok O;fDr dh izfrÑfr]fdlh inkFkZ dk ekufld izfrfcEc] dYiukvFkok Lefr esa mifLFkr fp=k vFkok izfrÑfrftldk pk{kq"k gksuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA bldsvfrfjDr fdlh oLrq dh izfrPNk;k] lkn';rk]vuqÑfr vFkZ dk mYys[k feyrk gSA ^best* dksfcEc dk lekukFkhZ ekudj bl izdkj vkSj vf/dLi"V fd;k tk ldrk gS&

1- fcEc fdlh inkFkZ fo'ks"k ds eu esa fLFkr fp=k gksrs gSaA2- fcEc dYiuk vFkok Lefr esa mifLFkr fp=k vFkok izfrÑfr gSa] tks fd izk;% pk{kq"k ugha gksrsA3- fcEc fdlh inkFkZ fo'ks"k dh izfrÑfr* gSA4- euksfoKku esa best dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls

izR;{k vuqHko dh Lefr gS ftldk ijorhZ vuqHkods }kjk :ikUrj gks tkrk gS vkSj ftlesavUreZuksoSKkfud rFkk cfgeZukSoSKkfud míhiu}kjk ckSfðd vkSj jkxkRed rRo vUrHkqZDr jgrsgSaA og laxzkgd ;a=k ij vafdr míhid inkFkZ dhizfrPNfo dk i;kZ; gSA

Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL=k esa Hkh fcEc dks cgqregRo fn;k x;k gSA fgUnh fo'odks"k esa fcEc dkvFkZ fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr ds izfrfcEc rFkk

larks"k d÷ekj

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vU; dykvksa esa bldk vFkZ fdlh ltho ;kfuthZo oLrq dh izfrPNk;k cryk;k x;k gSA MkW0/hjsUæ oekZ }kjk lEikfnr^fgUnh lkfgR; dks'k* esaHkh fcEc ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA fcEc 'kCnekul izfrek dk i;kZ; gSA izLrqr ifjos'k dhlaosnukvksa vkSj izR;{k ds vfrfjDr mlds ekulesa vrhr dh rFkk dHkh vfLrRo u j[kus okyhoLrqvksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dh tks vla[; izfrek,¡ gSa]fcEc mUgh izfrekvksa dk lekukFkZd gSA5

fcEc fo/ku ewyr% dkO; dk fp=k/eZ gS]fdUrq bls vizLrqr vkSj izrhd fo/ku ls vyxdjds le>uk vf/d laxr gSA fcEc ds ewy esadfo dh vkRek dk izlkn gS] mlds vUrl~ dhNfo;ksa dk vadu gS] mlds eeZ dh ijrksa ijfujUrj iM+rs èofu&laosnuksa dh izfrPNfo gSAokLro esa mlds Hkhrj ifjos'k dh leLr nhfIrrFkk mldh laosnukvksa vkSj jkxkRed vuqHkwfr;ksadh izsj.kk vUrfuZfgr jgrh gSA fcEc ewyr% dfods mipsru dk izksnHkkl gS vkSj mlds ekul dsHkhrjh fgLls dh dkO;kRed vkSj fp=koyf;r

vuqxwat gSA blls ;g Hkh èofur gS fd dykdkjdh vUrnZf"V ckgj fc[kjs vkSj ijLij fojks/hizR;;ksa o vFkZ Nfo;ksa dks tksM+dj feykdjla?kfVr djds u;h nhfIr iznku dj nsrh gSA dfockgjh txr esa fc[kjh Nfo;ksa dks dYiuk dslg;ksx ls ewfrZr djrk gSA ;g ewrhZdj.k gh fcEcfo/ku dh izfØ;k dk egRrj lksiku gSA izR;sdfcEc ,sfUæ; xq.kksa ls la;qDr gksdj ;k iz/ku :ils ,sfUæ;rk ls lacaf/r gksdj Hkh dbZ vFkksZa esapk{kq"k xq.kksa ls nwj ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA fcEcdksbZ lk Hkh gks] mlds ewy esa n'; xq.k vo';fo|eku jgrk gSA bl izdkj mi;qZDr foospu dsmijkUr ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd fcEc HkkoxqafQr'kCnfp=k gksrs gSa vkSj buds ewy esa jkxrRo fufgrgksrk gS tks vf/dka'kr% ltZukRed dYiuk lsfufeZr gksrs gSaA

dkO; esa fcEc dk vizR;kf'kr egRo gksrkgSA vusd vkpk;ks±s vyadkj] jl] èofu o jhfrdks dkO;kRek Bgjk;k gS] exj mUgksaus dkO; dhfof'k"V 'kfDr dks ,oa mlds egRo dks ughaigpkuk gSa ;g 'kfDr dfo&dYiuk ls lftrfcEc&fo/ku dh 'kfDr gSA dfo fcEc&ltu dsekè;e ls gh jlkuqHkwfr djrk gSA ;fn dfoviuh vuqHkwfr;ksa dk thoUr laizs"k.k djuk pkgrkgS rks mls fcEc&ltu djuk gh gksxkA dfo dhvuqHkwfr;ksa dks laizsf"kr djus dh 'kfDr dsoyfcEc ds ikl gh gSA blfy, fcEc dkO; dhthoUrrk dk egRoiw.kZ miknku gSa fcEc fo/kulEiw.kZ dkO; esa LFkkf;Ro fy, jgrk gSA

fcEc dk egRo bl ek;us esa gS fd ;gdkO; dk izk.krRo Hkh gSA mlds vHkko esa dforkvkuUn vkSj izHkko mRié ugha dj ldrh gSAnwljk ;g fd fcEc ls dfork esa dlkoV vkSjxBukRedrk vkrh gSA fcEcksa dh vyaÑfr] 'kCnksadk lgh tqM+ko vkSj laf{kIrrk bl xBu esa fo'ks"klgk;d gksrh gSA fcEc ds iz;ksx ls vfHkO;fDresa ,d fo'ks"k lq/jkbZ vk tkrh gS vkSj mlls dfodk izfrik| Hkyh&Hkkafr lEizsf"kr gks tkrk gSA dbZckj ,d gh fcEc esa vusd xq.k fey tkrs gSaAMkW0 gfjpj.k 'kekZ ds 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrkgS&^^;g rks ugha dgk tk ldrk fd fdlhfo'ks"k fcEc esa ,d xq.k gh gksaA gk¡] ;g dgukpkfg, fd lHkh xq.k ,d nwljs xq.k ds lgk;dcudj vkrs gSa vkSj izR;sd fcEc fofHké xq.kksa ;kfo'ks"krkvksa dks lekfgr djds pyrk gSA vr%;g lkspuk Bhd ugha gksxk fd fcEcksa esa O;kIrxq.kksa ds vk/kj ij mudk oxhZdj.k dj fy;ktk, D;ksafd fcEc esa dYiuk vkSj rTtfurvuqHkwfr;k¡ iz/ku gksrh gSa tks fo'ys"k.k ds }kjij igq¡pdj viuk lewpk lkSan;Z fo–a[kfy djldrh gSA**6 okLrfodrk rks ;g gS fd dfork

ds 'kSfYid izfrekuksa esa fcEc dk fof'k"B LFkkugSA jpukdkj bl izdkj ls 'kCn&fo/ku ,oa Hkk"kkiz;ksx djrk gS fd ikBd vius ekul iVy ijoSlk gh fp=k vuqHko djrk gSA ,slk djus ds ihNsdfo dk izeq[k mns'; vuqHkwfr;ksa dk thoUrvkSj l'kDr laizs"k.k gh gksrk gSA

lanHkZ ladsr&1- MkW0 cPpu flag% vk/qfud fgUnh vkykspuk ds chp 'kCn] i0 762- MkW0 'kadjnso vorjs% fgUnh lkfgR; esa dkO; :iksa ds fofo/ iz;ksx] i0 1863- jkepæ 'kqDy % fparkef.k] Hkkx&1] i0 754- uUn nqykjs oktis;h% vk/qfud lkfgR;] i0 155- MkW0 /hjsUæ oekZ (la-) % fgUnh lkfgR; dks'k] Hkkx&1] i0 5536- MkW0 gfjpj.k 'kekZ % lkfgfR;d fucU/] Hkkx&2] i0 202

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nf"Vikr esa izdk'kukFkZ ;kfpr@v;kfpr gj fo/kvks dh jpuk,¡gesa izkIr gksrh jgrh gaSA ftu jpukdkjdh jpuk ge izdkf'kr djrs gSa] og;g eku dj fd izdk'kukFkZ tksjpuk gesa ftu ys[kd ls izkIr gqbZgS] og mUgha ds }kjk gh jfpr gS]fQj Hkh ;fn fdUgha lqf/ ikBddks yxs fd dksbZ iwjh jpuk ;kmlds dksbZ va'k dgha ls mM+k;h ;kpqjkbZ gqbZ gS] rks cM+h Ñik gksxh] gesarqjar lwfpr djsa ;k fQj jpukdkjls laidZ djsaA ge Hkfo"; esa muys[kd@ys[kdksa dh jpuk izdkf'krugha djsaxsA dksbZ ys[kd ,slk djrkgS rks ;g mudh ftEesnkjh gksxhAblds fy, n`f"Vikr izdk'kuftEesnkj ugha gksxkA

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'kks/ vkys[k

HkfDrdkO; esa ukjh

izÑfr us ukjh vkSj iq#"k dks lkekftdthou ds nks LrEHkksa ds :i esa foijhr jpukdh gSA izseh&izsfedk] ifr&iRuh] iq=k&iq=kh]ekrk&firk] HkkbZ&cgu tSls lkekftd laca/,d nwljs ds fcuk v/wjs gSaA iq#"k dh lgpjhvkSj fQj tuuh ds :i esa ukjh dks euq";lekt dk vifjgk;Z vax ekuk x;k gS] ysfdule; ds lkFk ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr esaifjorZu gksrk x;k gSA dHkh og vR;ar izfrf"BrgqbZ rks dHkh vkgr ,oa 'kksf"kr gqbZ gSA

fgUnh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa ftls vkfndkydgk x;k gS] mlesa ohjxkFkkRed jpukvksadk izk/kU; jgk gSA ml le; dh lkekftdijEijk esa ukfj;ksa dh fLFkfr Øe'k% vourgksrh xbZA bl fopkj/kjk dk izHkko ckn esaHkh jgkA fuxqZ.k vkSj lxq.k nksuksa Jsf.k;ksa dsHkDrksa us Jðk vkSj izse ds v/hu viuhHkfDr dk vk;kstu fd;k gSA bl le; dslekt esa fL=k;ksa dks lEekutud ntkZ ughaizkIr FkkA eqlyeku fL=k;ksa dh n'kk Hkh fgUnwfL=k;ksa tSlh gh FkhA bLyke ds izHkko ls fL=k;ksaesa inkZ izFkk vkSj cgqfookg dk izpyu c<+rkx;kA HkfDrdky esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr dkfooj.k ij'kqjke prqosZnh us fn;k gS& ^fgUnqdU;kvksa dks lEié eqlyeku vf/dkf/dla[;k esa Ø; djds vius ?kjksa esa j[k fy;kdjrs FksA d÷yhu ukfj;ksa dk vigj.k djkdsvehj yksx viuk euksjatu fd;k djrs FksAblds lkFk ,sls fgUnq jktkvksa dk Hkh vHkkou Fkk] tks eqfLye efgykvksa fo'ks"kr% lS;n

fL=k;ksa dks nklh ds :i esa vius ;gk¡ ykdju`R; xhr dh f'k{kk fnyok;k djrs FksA fL=k;ksadks iq#"kksas dk Lrj rFkk lEeku izkIr u FkkA*1

Li"V gS fd eè;dky esa L=kh dh fLFkfrvf/d fuÑ"V gksrh x;hA Hkkjr ij eqlyekuksads vkØe.k ds lkFk gh ukjh dh j{kk dsn`f"Vdks.k ls ml ds Åij dbZ izfrca/ yxk;sx;sA inkZ&izFkk] cky&fookg] lrh&izFkk tSlhxyr ijEijk,¡ blh ;qx esa fodflr gqbZA ukjhf'k{kk ls iwjh rjg ls oafpr gks x;hA eè;dkyds lkfgR; dks Hkh ns[kk tk, rks ;g fn[kkbZnsrk gS fd dchj] rqylh tSls dfo;ksa us ukjhdks eksgek;k rFkk lk/uk esa ck/d le>djmldh HkRlZuk dhA larksa dh ukjh Hkkouk dsckjs esa flfðukFk frokjh us fy[kk gS& lalkjdks fo"k; okluk esa lafyIr ns[kdj vkSjfo'ks"kr% bfUæ;ksa dh pkj esa vlyh pht gfjLej.k vkSj gfj HkfDr dh mis{kk ns[kdj larksaus ukjh ds dkfeuh :i dks cqjk&Hkyk dguk'kq: fd;kA L=kh ds lkFk jgdj ;fn dksbZpkgs fd ,dkxzfpr gksdj Hkxoku dk è;kudj ys rks og 'kk;n laHko u gksxk A*2

dchj us Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk gS&^ukfj ulfo rhu xqu tk uj ifl gks;HkfDr eqfDr fut è;ku esa iSB lds ufga dks;

AA*3blh rjg nknw us Hkh dud vkSj dkfeuh

ls cps jgus dh lykg nh gS&^dky dud v: dkfeuh ifjgfj budk laxnknw lc tx tfyeqok T;ksa nhid T;ksfr iraxAA*4izse dh ihj ds xk;d lwQh dfo;ksa us

fu'p; gh lkSan;Ze;h ukf;dkvksa dk fp=k.kfd;k] ftuesa i©korh] e/qekyrh] galkorh]bUækorh vkfn dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA lwQhizsek[;kuksa dh izs;fl;k¡ vf/d lkSHkkX;'kkfyuhgSaA os iq#"k dks vuk;kl gh&fookg ds dsoy /kxs dh dher ij ;k nqfrdkvksa }kjk Hksts x,,d lans'k ds cy ij gh&izkIr gks tkrha]

mudh izkfIr ds fy, uk;d dks izk.kksa dhckth Hkh yxkuh iM+rh gS] vr% brus iz;Ru lsizkIr lqUnjh dks uk;d ,dk,d ugha R;kxldrkA os vius thou ds var rd vius fiz;dk lkféè; vkSj izse izkIr djrh jgrh gSAtgk¡ vU; Hkkjrh; dkO;ksa esa iq#"k dks ukjh lsvf/d dkeqd ,oa foyklh iznf'kZr fd;ktkrk gS] ogk¡ iszek[;kuksa dh ukf;dk,¡ uk;dls vf/d dkeorh nf"Vxkspj gksrh gSA tk;lhdh i©korh ds izse ds ewy esa Hkkouk dhvis{kk okluk dh izsj.kk vf/d gSA ;ghfLFkfr vU; lwQh dkO;ksa dh ukf;dkvksa dhHkh gSA

Ñ".kHkfDr dkO; esa jk/k dks vkjkè;kekudj mudk O;kid o.kZu fd;k x;k gSAlwjnkl vkSj vU; lHkh Ñ".kkHkDr dfo;ksa usjk/k vkSj vU; xksfi;ksa ds ekè;e ls viuhukjh&Hkkouk dks izse ,oa –axkj esa vfHkO;Drfd;k gSA ysfdu ukjh&/eZ ds laLFkkidxksLokeh rqylhnkl us vius egkdkO;

^jkepfjr ekul* esa HkfDr ds ekxZ esafL=k;ksa dks ck/d Hkh crk;k gSA ,d vksjmUgksaus fL=k;ksa ds chp lhrk vkSj dkS'kY;kvkfn dks Js"B crk;k gS rks nwljh vksj ukjhdh v/erk dk ckj&ckj mYys[k Hkh fd;kgSA mUgksaus fy[kk gS& ukfj lqHkm lR; lc dgghaA

voxq.u vkB lnk mj jg ghaAAlkgl vu`r piyrk ek;kAHk; vfoosd vlkSp vnk;kAA*5vFkkZr L=kh ds LoHkko esa lkgl] papyrk]

Qy] Hk;] ew[kZrk] vifo=krk vkSj funZ;rktSls voxq.k gksrs gSaA vU;=k rqylhnkl usfL=k;ksa ds ckjs esa vR;ar mis{kk ds lkFk fopkjO;Dr fd, gSaA tSls&

^fof/gq¡ u ukfj g`n; xfr tkuhAldy diV v/ voxqu [kkuhAA*6v/e r s v/e vfr u k j h A * 7

& & voxqu ewy lwyizn izenk lc nq[k

lqfprk ckM+k

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'kks/ vkys[k[kkfuA*8

bu lwfDr;ks a ls HkDr dfo;ks a dhukjh&Hkkouk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA jkedkO; esa dkS'kY;k] lqfe=kk] lhrk] mfeZyk]ekaMoh] eanksnjh tSlh lHkh ukfj;ksa dks egkuifrozrk dh laKk nsdj nsoh dk LFkku fn;kx;k gSA ysfdu jke }kjk lhrk dh vfXuijh{kk ;g flð djrh gS fd jkejkT; esa]ftldh rqyuk tulk/kj.k Js"Bre ;qxksa lsdjrk gS] mlesa Hkh ukjh dks vius lrhRo dkizek.k nsus ds fy, ifr }kjk fu/kZfjr fu;eksals xqtjuk iM+rk FkkA ;|fi jpukdkj us jkedh e;kZnk dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds mís'; ls ;grdZ fn;k gS fd ^lhrk ds okLrfod Lo:idks jke us lhrkgj.k ls iwoZ xqIr :i ls vfXuds ikl lqjf{kr j[k fn;k Fkk vkSj vc blizfØ;k }kjk ;g okLrfod Lo:i iqu% okilfy;k tk jgk gSA** blh vk/kj ij yadkfot; ds ckn e;kZnkiq:"kksRre jke lhrk dhvfXu ijh{kk nsus ds fy, vkns'k nsrs gSaA ijUrq;fn jke us xqIr :i ls lhrk dks vfXu dsikl lqjf{kr j[k fn;k Fkk] rks ;g okil ysusdh izfØ;k Hkh xqIr :i ls laié gks ldrh

FkhA lekt ds lkeus dVq opuksa ds lkFk bliziap dks djus dk ,dek=k mís'; yksxksa dsle{k lhrk dh ifo=krk dks n'kkZuk ek=k FkkALi"V gS fd bl izØj.k }kjk lekt dks ek=kbruk lans'k nsuk Fkk fd ukjh pkgs fdruh Hkhifrozrk gks] mls vius lrhRo dk izek.k ekaxstkus ij nsuk gksxk] Hkys gh og jktd÷y lslacaf/r gksA Lo;a lhrk ,d LFkku ij vfXu lsizkFkZuk djrh gS& ^;fn eSaus eu] opu] deZls Jhjke ds vfrfjDr fdlh vU; dk è;kuugha fd;k rks vfXunso vki esjs fy, panu dsleku 'khry gks tk,¡A**

;g fLFkfr rRdkyhu lekt esa fL=k;ksa dsizfr O;kIr /kj.kk dk ifj.kke gSA ysfdu]nwljh vksj HkfDr dky dk efgyk ys[ku HkhgS] tks eafnjksa vFkok eBksa esa nh{kk ysdj ughafy[kk x;kA bu dof;f=k;ksa esa vxz.kh gS futhvuqHkwfr;ksa dks dfork esa izLrqr djus okyhehjkA muds ckjs esa MkW0 lqeu jkts us fy[kkgS& mUgksaus bl dFku dks flð dj fn;k fdfoæksgh cuk;s ugh tkrs os iSnk gksrs gSaA Ñ".kds izfr iw.kZ iz.kfr ds lkFk O;oLFkk ls foæksg,d vnHkqr vkSj fojy la;ksx gSA*9 thou esa

bruh Økafrdkjh Nfookyh ehjk us Hkh viusle; dh ukfj;ksa dh fLFkfr ij d÷N ughafy[kk gSA fu'p; gh HkfDrdky esa fL=k;ksa dsckjs esa vf/drj LoLFk vkSj iz'kaluh; /kj.kk O;kIr ugha FkhA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvkfd mÙkjeè;dky ;k –axkj dky esa fL=k;k¡Hkksx vkSj euksjatu dh oLrq cu dj jg xb±A

lanHkZ ladsr&1- MkW0 uxsUæ (la) % fgUnh lkfgR; dk

bfrgkl] i`0 892- flfðukFk frokjh% fuxqZ.k dkO; n'kZu] i`0473- ogh] i`0 47 ij mð`r4- ogh] i`0 48 ij mð`r5- rqylhnkl % jkepfjrekul] 6@16@26- ogh] 2@162@47- ogh] 3@35@38- ogh] 3@449- MkW0 lequ jkts % fgUnh lkfgR; dk vk/k bfrgkl] i`0 145 vflLVsaV izksQslj] fgUnh foHkkx

efgyk dkWyst] pkbZcklk

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZdh ,sfrgkfld thr ijflagHkwe lalnh; {ks=ds ernkrkvksa dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ

fnus'k uanh mQZ lq# uanhHkktik uxj vè;{k]

pkbZcklk

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'kks/ vkys[k

izR;sd nss'k esa lkekftd] lkaLÑfrdifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk jktuhfrd fLFkfr;ksadk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA jktuhfr fdlh Hkh jkT;ds jktk ;k 'kkld }kjk viuk;h tkus okyh ogfof/ gS] ftlds }kjk ;k ftlds vuqlkj ogvius jkT; dk lapkyu iztk ikyu ,oa laj{k.kdjrs gq, vU; jkT;ksa ls vko';drkuqlkj O;ogkjdjrk gSA la{ksi esa dgsa rks jkT; lapkyu dhdq'ky iz.kkyh gh jktuhfr gSA ekWfj'kl Hkh Hkkjrdh rjg ,d yksdrkaf=kd ns'k gSA vfHkeU;q vurth us vius fofHké miU;klksa esa ekWfj'kl dhjkstuSfrd okrkoj.k dks vR;ar d÷'kyrk ls vafdrfd;k gSA pqu&pqu&pquko* miU;kl esa vfe"k dkfunsZ'kd dgrk gS&^^ikfyfVDl ,d tqvk gSA**1jktuhfr dk [ksy cgqr gh dfBu gSA ;gkWa ifjorZugj LFkku ij vuk;kl gh fn[kkbZ ns tkrk gSA^vkleku viuk vkWaxu* esa gal vius pqukohHkk"k.k dks rS;kj djrs gq, jktuhfr ds fo"k; esadgrk gS& ^^jktuhfr dk lls cM+k rdktk ;ghgS&ifjorZu! iqjkus psgjksa dh txg u, yksxksa dhljdkjA**2

gj vkneh jktuhfr dks vPNk ugha ekurkA^vfLr&vLrq* miU;kl esa dju ds ekè;e lsvur us crk;k gS fd ^^jktuhfr dksbZ eafnjugha] og rks fo'o Hkj esa Hkz"Vkpkj dk gh ra=kgSA**3 Hkkjr dh gh rjg ekWfj'kl dh jktuhfr esaHkz"Vkpkj dk cksyckyk jgk gSA Hkz"Vkpkj dkseqn~nk cukdj gj pquko esa izR;k'kh lkeus vkrs gSAdksbZ /uq"k&ck.k] >kMw ;k gkFk ls Hkz"Vkpkj feVkukpkgrk gSA dksbZ dhpM+ esa dey] xék] xsg¡w&xqykcmxkuk pkgrk gS rks dksbZ vke&vaxwj] dsykA turkls jksth&jksVh dk oknk djus lkbfdy ij vkrkgS dksbZ gkFkh&?kksM+s ijA fnu&lky cnyrs gSa ijarqvke turk ds gkykr ugha cnyrsA jDr ges'kk

vfHkeU;q vur ds miU;klksa esajktuhfrd psruk

Ìf"kjkt frokjh

mlh dk pwlk tkrk gSAHkkjr dh gh rjg ekWfj'kl esa Hkh mifuos'koknh

'kklu O;oLFkk jgh gSA vkilh QwV dk Qk;nkmBkrs gq, iqrZxkyh] Ýkafllh] Mp] vaxzst O;kikfj;ksaus ogkWa viuk vf/dkj tek fy;k FkkA buds racw]dkj[kkus esa] dkj[kkus fdys esa] fdyk ftys esavkSj ftyk izkUr esa cnyrs pys x,A ekWfj'kl dhgh Hk¡kfr Hkkjr dh ,slh n;uh; fLFkfr dkfo'ys"k.k djrs gq, dkyZ ekDlZ us dgk Fkk&^^Hkkjresa vaxzsth jkt dk bfrgkl vFkZ'kkL=k ds vlQyiz;ksxksa dk bfrgkl gSA fdlh vU; oa'k esa ,slscsrqds iz;ksx u feysaxs] tSls Hkkjr esa fczfV'k jktds bfrgkl esaA4

vur ds ^vkanksyu* miU;kl esa Økafrdkjh;qod jfo gS tks ('k) ds fy, d÷N djukpkgrk gSA og :f<+okfnrk ds tdM+u ls laiw.kZ;qok oxZ dks fudkyus dk iz;Ru Hkh djrk gSA^yky ilhuk* esa mifuos'koknh 'kklu&'kks"k.kuhfr dk fp=k.k gSA blesa fdlu viuh vkWa[kksa lsetnwjksa dh nqnZ'kk ns[kdj nq[kh gksdj dgrk gS&^^xksjksa ds [ksrksa esa dke djus okyk ,d dqyh ejkFkkA fdlu ds cki ds lkFk ekjhp ds iRFkjksa dkschl o"kZ rd yxkrkj myV&myV dj lksuk <wa<+usokys ,d fcgkjh dh eR;q gqbZ FkhA ejrs&ejrsxaxkty dh txg mlds eq¡g esa Fkwd Hkh ckdhugha FkkA**5

Hkkjr ij vf/dkj cuk, j[kus ds fy,vaxzstksa us ekWfj'kl dks dSls eksgjk cukdj bLrsekyfd;k og yky ilhuk* esa loZ=k fn[kk;k x;k gSA^vkSj ilhuk cgrk jgk* miU;kl esa lgnso lksprkgS& ^^ftldk ;g ns'k gS] os uaxs gaS vkSj ftudk;gk¡ d÷N Hkh ugha os ekfydA**6

jktuhfrd mBk&iVd] 'kk s"k.k&nk sgu]mifuos'kokn vkfn dk fp=k.k vur ds vf/dka'kmiU;klksa esa cM+h lgtrk&lVhdrk ds lkFk gqvkgSA

vaxzstksa&Ýkaflfl;ksa ds mifuos'koknh 'kkluuhfr ds dkj.k Hkkjr ,oa ekWfj'kl ds leLr

m|ksx&/a/s can gks x,A csjkstxkjh] Hkz"Vkpkj]'kks"k.k&nksgu] turk ij fueZe Øøjrk dh dksbZlhek gh ugha jg xbZ FkhA vaxzstksa us flQZ Qk;nkds fy, ns'k esa tehankjh&jS;rnkjh izFkk pykbZ]ftlds nq"ifj.kke loZ=k nf"Vxkspj gSaA

Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds laca/ esa rkjkpanus fy[kk gS& ^^Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu dhvkajfHkd vof/ dk bfrgkl Hkkjrh; gLrf'kYivkSj mlds mRiknuksa ds foèoal] ywV] neu vkSjfouk'k dh gh d:.k dFkk dgrk gSA**7

dkyZ ekDlZ us fy[kk gS&^^dj?kk vkSj pj[kkHkkjrh; lekt ds vk/kj FksA ccZj vaxzstksa usHkkjr ds dj?ks vkSj pj[ks dks rksM+ MkykA jkT;igys Hkh cnyrs jgs Fks] ijarq ,slk dgj fdlhus ugha <k;k FkkA fczfV'k Hkkjr ds eSnkuksa esatqykgksa dh lQsn gfì;k¡ fcNh iM+h FkhA**8

^vkSj ilhuk cgrk jgk*] ^vkleku viukvk¡xu*] ^xka/hth cksys Fks*] ^yky ilhuk*]vfLr&vLrq* tSls miU;klksa esa vaxzstksa ds Øøj'kks"k.k] neu] ;kruk dh dgkfu;k¡ vuk;kl ghæ"VO; gSA

yky ilhuk esa da÷nu vkSj fdlu vaxstksadh Øøjrk ds fo"k; esa ckrsa djrs gSa&

^^;gk¡ lHkh dks vf/d ls vf/d ;krukigq¡pkus ds fy, ,slk fd;k tkrk gS] pkpkA**

^^ij ;g pht gS D;k\**^^uedA**^^?kko esa ued\**^^;gk¡ tgj gh nok gksrk gSA**9vaxzstksa ds fy, fcuk ckr fdlh ij

dksM+s cjlkus ds ckn 'kjhj ij fepZ jxM+uk]xHkZorh L=kh ds isV ij ykr ekjus ds ckn xksyhekjuk vke ckr FkhA

^^xkWa/hth cksys Fks* esa vur us Li"V fd;kgS fd fdl izdkj vaxzstksa us tkr&ikr] Hksn&Hkkodk cht yksxksa esa vius Qk;ns ds fy, Mkyk FkkA

^^iwathifr] xksjksa us etnwj fljksa dks fQj ls>qdk nsus ds fy, u;k gFkd.Mk 'kq: fd;k gSA

vfHkeU;q vur

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'kks/ vkys[kmn; gksus okyh 'kfDr dks ges'kk ds fy, Mwcksnsus dh uh;r ls tkr&ikr ds ckn vc ,d gh/eZ dks pkj VqdM+ksa esa ck¡Vk tk jgk gSA**10

Hkz"Vkpkj] bZ";k&}s"k] 'kks"k.k] Øøjrk lcksa dkvadu vur us vius vf/dka'k miU;klksa esafofHké ik=kksa&laoknksa ds ekè;e ls fd;k gSA

fczfV'k mifuos'koknh 'kklu] vaxzsth 'kks"k.k]Øøjrk] ;kruk ds fo:ð yksx foæksg dh eqæk esaFksA fons'kh f'k{kk] vkokxeu ds u, lk/uksa] jsy;krk;kr vkfn us jk"Vªh; psruk txkus esa Hkjiwjlgk;rk iznku dhA

ns'k dh ;qok ih<+h vius vf/dkjksa&drZO;ksads izfr lpsr gks jgh FkhA vaxzsth 'kks"k.k ds izfrvkokt mBkus yxs FksA loZ=k vkanksyu djds viuhekaxksa dks j[k jgs FksA

^rhljs fdukjs ij* miU;kl esa feLVj lkE;w,yvius Hkk"k.k esa dgrs gS&^^;qok vkanksyu ,dlfØ; vkanksyu gSA ;g ekuork dk Loj gSA ;gftl vf/dkj] U;k; vkSj Lora=krk dh ckr djjgk gS og dsoy jktuhfrd ugha cfYd viusvlyh ekus esa og vf/dkj U;k; vkSj Lora=krkgSA**11

^vkanksyu* miU;kl esa jfo vkanksyudkfj;ksadh ekaxksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gS&^^;g ,d vkanksyugS tks lHkh ds fy, ukSdjh] lHkh ds fy, jksVhvkSj lHkh ds fy, [kq'kh pkgrk gSA ;qok vkanksyuekuo ls ekuo dh j{kk pkgrk gSA**12

vur us ns'kHkfDr xhrksa ^>aMk Å¡pk jgsgekjk* ,oa dne dne c<+k, tk* dk Hkh lqanjmi;ksx ^vkleku viuk vk¡xu* esa fd;k gSA

rRdkyhu ,oa ledkyhu jk"Vªh; psruk dhHkkouk dks iw.kZr% vafdr djus esa vur th dsmiU;kl iw.kZr% lQy jgs gSA

lanHkZ ladsr&1- vfHkeU;q vur&pqu&pqu pquko] i-1082- vfHkeU;q vur&vkleku viuk vk¡xu] i-1583- vfHkeU;q vur&vfLr vLrq] i- 1054- vfHkeU;q vur&iwath [k.M&3] i- 3835- vfHkeU;q vur&yky ilhuk] i- 666- vfHkeU;q vur&vkSj ilhuk cgrk jgk] i- 447- rkjkpan & Hkkjrh; Lok/hurk vkanksyu dk bfrgkl] i- 3438- vfHkeU;q vur&pqu&pqu pquko] i- 1229- vfHkeU;q vur&yky ilhuk] i- 4310- vfHkeU;q vur&xka/hth cksys Fks]i-12811- vfHkeU;q vur&rhljs fdukjs ij]i- 23212- vfHkeU;q vur&vkanksyu] i- 51

'kks/Nk=k] fgUnh foHkkxjk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph

tc eSa lM+dkas ij NksVs &NksVs cPpksa dkslkeku csprs ns[krk gw¡ rks fny dgrk gS ;s dSlkns'k gS esjk tgk¡ ij cPpksa esa Hkxoku dk :ins[kk tkrk gSA gekjs bnZfxnZ uUgsa uUgs cPps gkFkQSykrs gq, ?kqers gSa ftudh i<+us fy[kus vkSj[ksyus&dønus dh o; gksrh gSA fdrus gh ckyetnwjh djus okys cPpksa dks ge vius vklikl ns[krs gSa ftUgsa ns[k dj ge Hkh lkspus ijetcwj gks tkrs gSaA

lM+d ij flXuy ds vkl ikl uUg&uUgasgkFkksa dks vkius us gkFk QSykrs ;k d÷N csprsgq, ns[kk gh gksxkA ekaxus okyksa ls T;knk n;k gesamu cPpksa ij vkrh gS ftUgsa ge d÷N csprs gq,ns[krs gSaA ge lksprs gSa vkSj vkxs c<+ tkrs gSaAge us dHkh ;g ugha lkspk dh ;s uUgs&eqés gkFkNksVh lh pht cspdj mlls viuk vkSj viusifjokj dk xqtj clj djuk pkgrs gSaA bu dsfy, gekjs eu esa n;k rks cgqr vkrh gS exjog fdlh dke dh ugha gksrh gSA D;w¡ fd flQZmuds ckjs esa lkspus ls d÷N ugha gksus okyk gesavkxs c<+dj mudh enn djuh pkfg, muds

cky etnwj vkSjgekjh fu;fr

jatu ;knoml NksVs ls O;olk; dks vkxsc<+kus ds fy, gesa mu ls ogphtsa [kjhnuh gksaxh vkSj blçdkj ls mu dk eukscyc<kdj mudk çksRlkgu djukgksxkA >wBh gennhZ ls mudkd÷N Hkh Hkyk ugha gksus okykAgk¡] ;fn geus mudks le>kvkSj muds çfr mnkjrk fn[kkrsgq, d÷N [kjhn fy;k rks mudk gkSlyk t:j c<+sxk oukZogh gkFk tks d÷N djds [kkusdh lksp jgs gSa] Hkh[k ekaxusvkSj gkFk QSykus ds vknhcu tk;saxsa vkSj vkxs pydj ,d vPNs vkSj Hkysukxfjd ds ctk; pksj MkdwvkSj ukeh cnek'k Hkh culdrs gSa\ tks fdlh ds fy,

Hkh vPNk ugha gksxk vc bl ckr dks nwljs :iesa le>sA

vkS|ksfxd Økafr esa pkj lky ls de mez dscPps dbZ ckj ?kkrd vkSj [krjukd dke dhfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk mRiknu okys dkj[kkus esadk;Zjr FksA vc vehj ns'kksa us etnwjksa ds :i esacPpksa ds bLrseky dks le>k gS vkSj bl vkèkkjij bls ekuokfèkdkj dk mYya?ku ekuk gSa vkSjbls xSjdkuwuh ?kksf"kr fd;k gS] tcfd d÷Nxjhc ns'kksa us bls cnkZ'r dj fy;k ;k vuqefrns nh gSA

1990 ds n'kd esa nqfu;k ds çR;sd ns'k uslksekfy;k vkSj la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dks NksM+djcky vfèkdkj ds lEesyu (Convention onthe Rights of the Child) ds nkSjku gLrk{kjfd,- CRC lcls rkdroj varjjk"Vªh; dkuwuhHkk"kk gS tks voSèk cky Je ij jksd yxkrk gS]gkyk¡fd ;g cky Je dks voSèk ugha ekurk gSA

bu lcds ds chp esa ckrs d÷N Hkh gksysfdu gekjk ;g QtZ t#j curk gS fd mUgsad÷N lkekftd vkSj oSpkfjd lgk;rk t#j djsaA

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1914 esa 'kq: gq, igys fo'o;qð uslalkj&Lrj ij lkezkT;oknh O;oLFkk dks tcnZLr/Ddk igq¡pk;kA blh ;qð ds xHkZ ls mRiUulksfo;r Økafr us viuh vktknh ds fy, yM+usokys mifuos'kksa dh turk ds lkeus eqfDr ds u,f{kfrt [kksy fn,A bl ;qð esa vaxzst lkezkT;okfn;ksaus Hkkjr dh turk vkSj HkkSfrd lEifÙk dk [kqydj iz;ksx fd;kA

bldh tM+ esa ;wjksi dh m|ksx Økafr FkhAjk"Vªh; izfr}fU}rk] iw¡thoknh m|ksx ds fodkldk vfuok;Z ifj.kke gSA dPps eky dh c<+rhgqbZ ekax ds fy, iwathoknh 'kfDr;k¡ nqfu;k dspDdj dkV jgh FkhA baXyS.M lcls vkxs FkkAla;qDr jk"Vª vejhdk vkSj teZuh ls mldh gksM+FkhA os lLrk eky cuk jgs Fks vkSj baXySaM dscktkjksa ij dCtk djuk pkgrs FksA

var esa teZuh gkj x;k vkSj vaxzstksa dk xqVftlesa :l o vejhdk Hkh 'kkfey Fks thr x;kA11 uoEcj] 1918 dks ;qð [kRe gqvkA yM+kbZ[kRe gks x;h vkSj vius ihNs pkj o"kZ dk funZ;u'kal vR;kpkjksa dk bfrgkl NksM+ xbZA

fczfV'k lkezkT; dk ,d Hkkx gksus ds ukrsHkkjr dk egk;qð ls lh/k laidZ FkkA fe=k jk"Vªksadh lgk;rk ds fy, mlls iwjk dke fy;k x;kAHkkjrh; flikfg;ksa dks vaxzstksa ds lkFk feydjrqdhZ&feJ;ksa vkSj nwljksa ls yM+uk iM+k] ftllsif'peh ,f'k;k esa ,d Hkkjr fojks/h ygj QSyx;jA Hkkjr] vaxzstksa ds fdlh dke dh cqjkbZ udj lds blfy, fMQsUl vkWQ bf.M;k ,DVikl fd;k x;k] ftlls vaxzstksa dh vkykspuk dknjoktk cUn gks x;kA ijUrq vc Hkkjr ds gn;esa fczVsu ls lgkuqHkwfr u jghA

yM+kbZ ds nkSjku Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; izpkj dkQhrst dj fn;k x;kA Hkkjr esa Lo'kklu dh LFkkiukdh ekax gkss yxhA ;g ^^gkse:y** vkanksyu dsuke ls izflð gSA Jherh ,uh csalsV] fryd vkSjvU; usrkvksa ds usrRo esa ns'k&Hkj esa gkse :yyhxksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZA gkse :y vkanksyu esa Hkkxysus okys usrkvksa esa eksrhyky usg: vkSj fprjatunkl izeq[k FksA ljdkj us ;gk¡ Hkh neu dk lgkjkfy;kA Jherh ,uh cslsaV dks fxjÍrkj dj fy;kx;k vkSj dbZ lekpkj i=kksa ij izfrca/ yxk fn;kx;kA

bl nkSjku lcls egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk Fkh 1916dk y[kuÅ le>kSrkA dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx usbl le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj ,d lkFk fo/kuifj"knksa esa cgqla[;d lnL;ksa ds pquko dh ekaxdjus dk fu.kZ; fd;kA mUgksaus ;g Hkh ekax dhfd ok;ljk; dh dk;Zdkfj.kh ifj"kn ds de lsde vk/s lnL; Hkkjrh; gksaA leku y{;ksa dhizkfIr ds fy, dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx dk

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrij izFke fo'o;qð

dk izHkkojf'e fxyqok

,dtqV gksuk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk FkhA mlhlky dkaxzsl ds uje ny vkSj xje ny esa,drk gks x;hA

izFke egk;qð ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;vkanksyu ds usrk ds :i esa eksgunkl djepanxka/h dk mn; gqvkA baXySa.M esa viuh f'k{kklekIr dj os odhy ds :i esa nf{k.kvÝhdk x,A nf{k.k vÝhdk esa jgrs gq,mUgksaus ogka ds Hkkjrh;ksa ds Åij gksus okysvR;kpkj ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ fd;kA ogha ijmUgksaus vR;kpkj ds fo:ð la?k"kZ dk viukrjhdk fodflr fd;kA blh rjhds ls Hkkjrh;turk us viuh vktknh dh yM+kbZ yM+hA bls^^lR;kxzg** dgk x;kA lR;kxzg djus okykO;fDr tsy lfgr gj ;kruk vkSj naM dsfy, rS;kj jgrk gSA vR;kpkj ds fo:ðla?k"kZ dk ;g vfgalkRed rjhdk gSA

xka/h th 1915 esa Hkkjr ykSVs] os Hkkjrvkdj vR;kpkj ds fo:ð igyk la?k"kZ paikju(fcgkj) esa fd;kA os xjhc fdlkuksa dksfuygksa ds vR;kpkjksa ls eqDr djkus ds fy,yM+sA

izFke egk;qð ds ckn dk dky vHkwriwoZtu&vkanksyu dk dky FkkA yk[kksa yksx vktknhdh yM+kbZ esa døn iM+sA xka/hth us turk esafuHkZ;rk dh Hkkouk iSnk dh vkSj tsy] ykBhvkSj xksyh lfgr gj izdkj ds neu dklkeuk djus dh bPNk&'kfDr mlesa HkjhAjk"Vªh; vkanksyu okLro esa Hkkjrh; turk dkvkanksyu gks x;kA mlesa fdlku vkSj vU;xjhc yksx 'kkfey gks x,A

jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dk fo'kky tu&vk/kjxka/h th }kjk pyk, x, lekt lq/kjksa vkSjjpukRed dk;ZØeksa ds dkj.k Hkh gks x;kAvLi';rk] fo'o&ca/qRo] dkSeh ,drk muds

dk;ZØe ds Hkkx FksAbl rjg xka/hth esa Hkkjr dks vc ,d

vf}rh; iFkizn'kZd feys ftlus Lora=krk dslkFk gh Hkkjrh; lekt esa lq/kj] U;k; rFkkca/qRo ds tu vkanksyu dh nksgjh izfØ;k pykbZA

yM+kbZ ds ckn Hkkjr viuh d÷jckfu;ksa vkSjlsokvksa ds cnys esa] vaxzstksa ls viuk oknk iwjkdjus dh ek¡x dj jgk FkkA vusd Hkkjrh; usrkvksadk fo'okl Fkk fd yM+kbZ [kRe gksus ds cknHkkjr dks Lojkt fey tk,xkA 1918 dh xzh"eÌrq esa ekaVsX;w&psElQksMZ fjiksVZ ykxw dh xbZAijUrq bl fjiksVZ esa fn, x, ifjorZuksa ls LojktizkIr gksrk utj ugha vk;kA lkjs ns'k esa O;kidvlarks"k QSy x;kA vlarks"k dks nckus ds fy,jkSyV&,DV cukA bl fcy esa ljdkj rFkk iqfylftldks pkgs fcuk eqdnek pyk, tsy esa Bwalldrh FkhA u odhy] uvihy] u nyhyA

fczfV'k 'kklu ds izfr c<+rk gqvk fonzksgf[kykQr vkSj vlg;ksx vkanksyuksa ds :i esans[kus dks feykA izFke egk;qð esa rqdhZ fczVsu dsfoi{k esa Fkk] mldh gkj gqbZ vkSj vaxzst dsvU;k; dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+kA 1918 esa ,df[kykQr desVh dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k] 'kkSdrvyh vkSj eqgEen vyh] nksuksa HkkbZ] blds lw=k/kjFksA bl vkanksyu us eqfLye turk ds O;kidfgLlksa dks izHkkfor fd;k] lk/kj.k eqfLye turkds fy, f[kykQr dk vFkZ [kyhQk dh j{kk lsvf/d fczfV'k lkezkT;okn dh ^^f[kykQr**vf/d FkhA flracj 20 ds dydÙkk esa gq, dkaxzslvf/os'ku esa vlg;ksx ds mns~';ksa esa Lojkt dslkFk gh lkFk f[kykQr vkanksyu dh ekaxksa dks Hkh'kkfey dj fy;k x;kA

blh o"kZ fnlEcj esa ukxiqj esa gq, okf"kZdvf/os'ku esa dkaxzsl dk mns~'; Bksl 'kCnksa ^'kafriw.kZrFkk mfpr mik;ksa ls Lojkt izkIr djuk** ?kksf"kr

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D;k vki nk¡rksa dh chekjh ls ijs'kku gSa\

rks vkids fy, vk/qfud rjhds ls fcuk rdyhQ ds bykt ds fy, ,dek=k fo'oluh; fDyuhd tgk¡ ij nk¡r jksx ls

lacaf/r gj izdkj dh chekjh dk bykt fd;k tkrk gSA

lathouh MsUVy fDyuhdfceykuUn VkWoj] iq:fy;k jksM] jk¡ph

laidZ % 09431174138

MkW0 izse d÷ekj iadt

igys ckn esa

fd;k x;kA xka/hth ds 'kCnksa esa ^Lojkt] fczfV'klkezkT; ds varxZr ;fn laHko gks rks vkSj mllsckgj] ;fn vko';d gks rks A**

1921 esa vlg;ksx vkanksyu cM+s tksj&'kksjds lkFk 'kq: gqvkA blds eq[; y{; Fks&iatkcvkSj rqdhZ ds izfr vU;k; dks [kRe djuk rFkkLojkt izkIr djukA vlg;ksx dh 'kq:vkr Hkkjrh;ksa}kjk fczfV'k ljdkj ls izkIr mikf/;k¡ dks ykSVkusds lkFk gqbZA lqczge.;e v¸;j vkSj johUæukFkBkd÷j viuh mikf/;ksa igys gh ykSVk pqds FksAfo/ku eaMyksa dk cfg"dkj fd;k x;kA Nk=kksa of'k{kdksa us Ldwy dkyst NksM+ fn;kA ljdkjhukSdjksa us ukSdfj;k¡ NksM+ nhA odhyksa us dpgfj;ksadk cfg"dkj fd;kA fons'kh oL=kksa dh gksyhtykbZ xbZ] gM+rkysa gqbZA

xka/h th us vlg;ksx dk vafre pj.kckjnksyh (xqtjkr) esa 'kq: fd;kA yksxksa us djnsus ls badkj dj ljdkj dh lRrk dks Bqdjk;kAxka/hth us lnk 'kkafriw.kZ vkanksyu ij cy fn;kij yksx lnk vius dks fu;af=kr ugha j[k ldsApkSjh pkSjk (fcgkj) esa fdlkuksa dh ,d mRrsftrHkhM+ us iqfyl pkSdh esa ftlesa d÷N flikgh HkhFks] tyk fn;kA xka/h th us vius vkanksyu esafgalk dk izos'k ns[k vkanksyu jksd fn;kA bldsckn xka/h th dks N% o"kZ dh ltk gks x;hA

ckjnksyh ds /Dds ds ckn jk"Vªh; vkanksyudks ik¡p&lkr lky rd 'kkar gksuk iM+kA turk esaiLrh vkSj fujk'kk jghA blh chp Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd<+k¡ps ij fczfV'k btkjsnkjksa us vius ;qð ds nkSjkuesa <hys iM+ x, izHkqRo dks fQj etcwr fd;kA

jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dh iLrh ds bl ;qx esalkaiznkf;d >xM+ksa dh tgjhyh gok ns'k esa pyusyxhA xka/hth ds vkanksyu okil ysus ls eqfLye

turk fujk'k gks xbZ vkSj f[kyykQr desVhdkaxzsl ls vyx gks x;hA eqfLye yhx] tuvkanksyu ds le; ftldh dksbZ izfr"Bk ugha Fkh]eqfLye turk esa vc izfr"Bk izkIr djus yxhAdydÙks esa gq, vizSy 1925 ds fgUnw egklHkkvkSj fnlEcj ds eqfLye yhx ds vf/os'kuksa esaladh.kZ lkaiznkf;drk dk leFkZu fd;k x;kA

fouk'kd izo`fr;k¡ c<+ jgh Fkh fd xka/h thtsy ls chekjh ds dkj.k NqVsA muds NwVus ds ckn,d vkSj naxk gqvkA bl ckj nq[kh gksdj mUgksaus21 fnu vu'ku fd;kA lakiznkf;d naxksa ls dkaxzslvkSj Lojkt ikfV;k¡ detksj gks xbZA

lu~ 1927 ds vkf[kj esa ljdkj us ,dtk¡p&deh'ku dh fu;qfDr dh ?kks"k.kk dh] ftldklkjs Hkkjr us fojks/ fd;kA Hkkjrh; turk Lojktpkgrh Fkh] fdUrq lkbeu vk;ksx ds xBu lsLi"V Fkk fd fczfV'k ljdkj Hkkjrh; turk dhekaxksa rFkk vk'kkvksa dh dksbZ ijokg ugha djrhA1927 bZ- esa dkaxzsl ds okf"kZd vf/os'ku (eæklvc pSébZ) esa vk;ksx ds cfg"dkj dk fu.kZ;fy;k x;kA dbZ txg izn'kZdkfj;ksa ij iqfyl usykBh&izgkj fd;kA ykgkSj esa ykyk yktir jk;ykfB;ksa dh pksV ls py clsA lkjs ns'k esa mÙkstukQSy xbZA

1929 esa ykgkSj esa dkaxzsl dh cSBd esa iw.kZLora=krk ds fy, yM+us dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA bly{; dks izkIr djus ds fy, lfou; voKkvkanksyu pykus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA dkaxzsl usgj o"kZ 26 tuojh dks lkjs ns'k esa ^^Lora=krkfnol** eukus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA 26 tuojh]1930 dk fnu lkjs ns'k esa Lora=krk fnol ds:i esa euk;k x;kA ml fnu ns'k ds yksxksa us ozrfy;k fd os fczfV'k 'kklu ds lkeus vc ugha

>qdsaxsAekpZ esa xkWa/hth us MkaMh ;k=kk dhA 5 vizSy

dks mUgksaus ued cukdj ljdkjh dkuwu rksM+kA;g ,d ubZ yM+kbZ dk vkjEHk FkkA bl le; ns'kHkj esa ,d vfgald cxkor QSy xbZA igys dhrjg gh ljdkj us vkanksyu ds neu ds fy,viuh lkjh 'kfDr yxk nhA

bl le; rhu u;h ckrsa gqb±A ,d if'peksÙkjlhek izkar esa u;h jktuSfrd tkx`frA vizSy 1930esa is'kkoj esa 'kkar HkhM+ ij xksfy;k¡ pykbZ xbZA ijbu [kwa[kkj o yM+kdw uke ls e'kgwj iBkuksa us blscM+h ohjrk ls lgu fd;kA x<+okyh lSfudksa dksizn'kZudkfj;ksa ij xksyh pykus dk vkns'k fn;kx;k ij mUgksaus badkj dj fn;kA

bu lkjh jktuhfrd xfrfof/;ksa ds chpflrEcj 1939 esa fgVyj dh lsuk us iksySaM ijgeyk dj f}rh; fo'o;qð dh 'kq:vkr dj nhA

lanHkZ iqLrdsa&1- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dh lkaLd`frd i`"BHkwfe] 2004] ,l-vkj-nslkbZ-2- dkaxzsl dk bfrgkl] 1950] iêkfHk lhrkjeS;k-3- esjh dgkuh] 1936] tokgjyky usg:-4- Lok/hurk vkanksyu dk bfrgkl] 1958] MkW0 rkjkpan-5- fgLVªh vkWQ fczfV'k bafM;k] 1950] ,p-,p-foYlu-6- ÎhMe LVªxy] 1953] MkW0 fofiupUæk-

vflLVsaV izksQsljf'k{kk ladk;

VkVk dkWyst] pkbZcklk

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ukxiqjh dfork esaukjh&fp=.k

eks0 v;kt gqlSu valkjhlekt dk vfoHkkT; vax gksus ds dkj.k

ukjh dh lkfgR; esa lgt LokHkkfod vfHkO;fDrgksrh jgh gS] D;ksafd lkfgR; dh psruk lekt gSvkSj lekt dh psruk ukjhA fofHkUu ;qxksa esa ukjhdks lkfgR; esa vusd :iksa esa :ikf;r fd;ktkrk jgk gSA orZeku ;qx esa ukjh l'kDrhdj.k dslkekftd cks/ ds lkFk lkfgR; esa ukjh foe'kZdh Hkkouk vxzlj gqbZ gSA bl ns'k dh lHkhHkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; esa ukfj;ksa ds ckjs esa /kj.kkcuh gSA

dkO; dk Hkh ukjh ls vU;re laca/ jgk gSAdfo;ksa us ukjh dks vusd'k% :iksa esa fp=kkafdrfd;k gSA oLrqr% ukjh fpjUru thou dh T;ksfr]izsj.kk vkSj 'kfDr dh izfrewfrZ rFkk mYykl ,oavkuan dh dsanz fcanq gS vkSj izk;% lHkh izns'kksa dsHkk"kk lkfgR; esa og dfo;ksa dh dkO; psruk dksfodflr djus esa lgk;d Hkh jgh gSA ukxiqjh Hkhviokn ugha gSA ukxiqjh dkO;/kjk esa ukjh dhvfHkO;fDr fofHkUu Lrjksa ij feyrh gSA dghaizsfedk] dgha iRuh] dgha ekWa vkSj dgha lkSan;Z dhizfrek ds :i esa ukjh ds fofHkUu fp=k ukxiqjhdfork esa gSaA

ekuo ek=k ds ân; esa lkSan;kZuqHkwfr gksrh gSAijarq ;gh vuqHkwfr dfo esa rhoz ,oa O;kid gksrhgSA og tc bls vius dkO; esa vfHkO;Dr djrkgS rks bl vfHkO;atuk iðfr dks lkSan;Z&fo/kudgrs gSA dksbZ lkSan;Z dks cká vkdkj&izdkj esans[krk gS] rks dksbZ bls vUr%txr d oLrq ekudjxq.kksa ij vkd"V gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; euh"kk uslkSan;Z ds cká midj.kksa dks mruk egRo ughafn;k ftruk vkUrfjd xq.kksa dksA dfo;ksa }kjklkSan;Z dks lkekU;r;k :i&lkSan;Z] Hkko&lkSan;Z,oa deZ lkSan;Z rhu :iksa esa vfHkO;aftr fd;k

tkrk gSA lkSan;Z] izse vkSj R;kx dh vk/kj ukfj;ksadks yksdxhrksa esa Hkh vfHkO;fDr feyh gSA MkW0'kadj eqfu jk; us fy[kk gS& vf/drj yksdxhrukjh iz/ku xhr gSA bu ij cgqr fnuksa rd efgyklkezkT; dk dCtk jgk gSA ij b/j iq:"kksa }kjkxk, x, laLdkjh yksdxhrksa ds dSlsV Hkh cktkj esavkus yxs gSaA ij vHkh Hkh laLdkj xhrksa dksefgykvksa dh gh fojklr ds :i esa tkuk tkrkgSA*1 ukxiqjh yksdxhrksa ds lkFk fL=k;ksa ds lkFkfL=k;ksa dh laxfr ds ckjs esa lykseh ,Ddk us fy[kkgS&^dgy tk;s ldsyk fd nqfu;k lekt esa xhrjps dj lq:vkr thueu gh dbj g;¡A vksgseuifgys ify xhr cuky;Wa vkmj xky;¡A2 ysfduvkt dh ukjh yksdxhr dh nqfu;k ls vkxs fudyvkbZ gSA f{krh'k d÷ekj jk; dh iafDr;k¡ gaS&

ukjh tu Hkkjh%iq:"k ds fgrdkjhnqfu;k l¡okjh, HkkbZ nqfu;k l¡okjh]nwb;ks dj cjkscjh g; fgLlsnkjhiM+h fy[kh ukjh uht lekt lq/kjhi<+h fy[kh cqfðekujk[kc,¡ lektd 'kku ?kjds laHkkjh, HkkbZ ?kj ds laHkkjhvui<+ gkso;a gksys cM+h fndnkjhrcs ns'k ds fgr lq[k 'kkafr jgh uhrcM+h cM+okjh, HkkbZ c<+h cM+okjheq:[k x¡okj Hksys tx nsoh xkjhi<+h fy[kh ukjh uht lekt lq/kjhAA 3,slh ubZ ukfj;k¡ lekt vkSj ns'k dks l¡okj

ldrh gS vkSj izse ds >jus esa xksrs Hkh yxkrh gSAykyj.k fot; ukFk 'kkgnso dh ifDr;k¡ gSa&

rksj fcu lqulku ykxs eksj xhr js AANmvk [kus [ksby jgh] ,gh ekVh /wj lsAfcNqjud liuks ub nsb[k jgh nwj lsAvkb> dk ys cnykyd nqfu;k dj jhr jsAAcu] igkj unh] pyh ?kqeh dønh&Qk¡nhAVksaxjh dj lsft;k] cuy tl jktxnhA

druk ugkyh izhrd] >juk iquhr lsAAlaxs ft,d laxs ejsd] laxsgs nqfu;k ns[ksdAlaxs laxs lkt cusd]lkt dj vkokt cusdAdruk vutku jgh] gkj vkmj thr lsAA4laLÑfr] izse vkSj d:.kk dh ewfrZ fL=k;ksa dk

,d Lo:i ek¡ dk gS vkSj je.kh dk Hkh gSA /usUæizokgh dh bl dfork esa etnwfju dk fp=k.kgqvk gS& mnM+ys mnM+ys vkor gS

fc;ky xk; fu;jNkrh esa nw/kdj leqanj ysy,xks eu fnju ek¡;

d÷N Nu dj fojke AiqVql >k¡M+dj Nk¡bg esa,dVd vljk ns[krnwxks fujer vk¡b[kA

,ds utbj esa iksbN ysosykekWa; dj eq[kM+k] ilsuk esa cksFkkypgbd mBsyk vkiu dksb[kdjbZ naoyby esa eerk lNkr~mebM+ mBsyk fgjn; esaygjk Nhj lkxj dj A5tkfgj gS fd ukxiqjh dkO; esa L=kh ds fofHkUu

:iksa dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA yksdxhrksa dhijEijkxr ukjh vc cgqr cny xbZ gS vkSj mlesaukxiqjh Hkk"kh lekt dh vk'kkvksa dks is'k djusdh {kerk Hkh vk xbZ gSA

lanHkZ ladsr&1- MkW0 'kadjeqfu jk; % Hkkstiqjh yksd lkfgR; esa ukjh] i0 52- v[kM+k] ekpZ&ebZ 2013] i0 403- dyk laxe Lekfjdk] 14 vxLr 1984] i0 84- tksgkj lfg;k] vDVwcj 2006] i0 415- v[kM+k] fnlacj 2012] i0 57

v?;{k]tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx

fleMsxk dkWyst] fleMsxk

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flagHkwe lalnh; yksdlHkk lhV ls Hkkjrh;turk ikVhZ ds izR;k'kh y{e.k fxyqok us Jherhxhrk dksM+k dks 87524 erksa ls ijkftr dj16oha yksdlHkk pquko thr dj bfrgkl cuk;kgSA Jh fxyqok vius gh cuk;s x;s fjdkWMZ dksèoLr djrs gq, lkaln cusA 13oha yksdlHkkpquko esa Jh fxyqok vius fudVre izR;k'kh dks82285 erks ls ijkftr dj fot;h gq;s Fks rFkkml pquko esa Hkh Hkktik vius cycqrs pqukoyM+h FkhA gkykafd 16oha yksdlHkk pquko esa^vcdh ckj eksnh ljdkj* ds ukjksa ij HkktikvkfJr Fkh rFkk bldk ifj.kke Hkh mls blpquko esa feykA bl ckj ds yksdlHkk pquko esadkaxzsl] >keqeks] jktn ds xBca/u ds izR;k'khfp=klsu flad÷ egt 111796 oksV yksdj rhljsLFkku ij jgsA ogha t; Hkkjr lekurk ikVhZ dhizR;k'kh o iwoZ eq[;ea=kh e/q dksM+k dh iRuh xhrkdksM+k dks 215607 dks er izkIr g,A

15oha yksdlHkk esa iwoZ eq[;ea=kh e/q dksM+kyxHkx ,d yk[k erkas ls pquko thr dj lkalncus Fks fdUrq 16oha yksdlHkk pquko esa mUgksusLoa; pquko u yM+dj txUukFkiqj fo/kulHkk ls

fo/k;d o viuh iRuh Jherh xhrk dksM+k dkspquko eSnku esa mrkjk Fkk rFkk bl pquko esa osdkQh lfØ; gksdj ikVhZ izR;k'kh ds i{+k esaekgkSy cukus esa tqVh jgha] fdUrq bl ckj Hkkjrds iz/kkuea=kh in ds mEehnokj ujsUæ eksnh dsi{k esa pyh lqukeh esa lHkh ikfVZ;k¡ fc[kj xbZrFkk Hkktik ds i{k esa O;kid tu leFkZu feykA

16oha yksdlHkk pquko esa lcls cM+h ckr;g jgh fd Hkktik vius ernkrkvksa ds lkFk ghlh/k xBca/u cukdj pqukoh eSnku esa mrjh FkhA

LFkkuh; efgyk dkWyst esa fu/kZfjr le;vof/ ds vanj erx.kuk dk dk;Z izkjEHk gqvkrFkk loZizFke iksLVy oksV dh tc fxurh izkjEHkgqbZ rks ml le; ls gh Hkktik izR;k'kh y{e.kfxyqok us c<+r cuk yh FkhA blds ckn rks izFkepj.k ls ysdj pkSngoha pj.k rd Jh fxyqokvius izfr}a}h xhrk dksM+k ij fujarj gkoh jgsrFkk thr dk varj izR;sd pj.k esa c<+rk pykx;kA tSls&tSls thr dk varj c<+rk x;k oSls ghHkktik ds psgjs pquko fpUg dey dh rjgf[kyrs x;sA ogha iwoZ eq[;ea=kh e/q dksM+k rFkkmudh iRuh xhrk dksM+k ds psgjs ij grk'kk ds

Hkko ns[ks x;s D;ksafdiwoZ eq[;ea=kh Loa; upquko yM+dj viuhiRuh dks viuh fojklrlkSaius ds fy, mUgsayk sdlHkk pquko esamrkjk FkkA

flagHk we ds uofuokZfpr lkaln y{e.kfxyqok ds lkFk ;gla;ksx tqM+k gqvk gS fdtc&tc os fo/k;djgrs g q, yk sdlHkkpquko yM+s rk s mUgs afot; gkfly gqbZ gSA1995 e s a y{e. kfxyqok vfoHkkftrfcgkj ds le; fcgkjfo/kulHkk ds lnL;

pqus x;sA 1999 esa tc flagHkwe lalnh; yksdlHkklhV ls Hkktik izR;k'kh dh ckr pyh rc Hkktikesa ;g ijEijk jgh Fkh fd fdlh Hkh fo/k;d dksyksdlHkk pquko dk fVdV ugha fn;k tkrk FkkfdUrq Hkktik us vius fu;ekoyh esa la'kks/kudjrs gq, Jh fxyqok dks fo/k;d jgrs gq, HkhmUgsa yksdlHkk dk izR;k'kh cuk;kA bl ijEijkdks Jh fxyqok us c[kwch fuHkk;k rFkk ,sfrgkflderks ls pquko thr dj lkaln cusA deksos'kifjfLFkfr 2014 esa Hkh jghA Jh fxyqok 2009ds >kj[k.M fo/kulHkk pquko esa fo/k;d pqusx;sA mUgsa 2014 ds yksdlHkk pquko esa Hkktikus viuk izR;k'kh cuk;kA bl ckj Hkh Jh fxyqokus ,sfrgkfld erksa ls pquko thr dj jk"Vªh;ikVhZ dkaxzsl dh tekur rks tCr djk;h gh oghaiwoZ eq[;ea=kh e/q dksM+k o mudh iRuh Jherhxhrk dksM+k dks ijkftr dj viuk ncnck iqu%,d ckj lkfcr fd;kA Jh fxyqok us vius fo/k;d dk;Zdky esa lkekftd dk;ksZ dks izksRlkfgrdjus dk dk;Z fd;k ftlds QyLo:i mudhNfo dkQh csgrj cuhA mUgksus LokLF;] lM+do is;ty tSls xEHkhj fo"k;ks ds fy, xEHkhjiz;kl fd;k ftlds QyLo:i turk dk fo'oklftrus esa lQy gq;sA ogha pØ/jiqj ds cgqizfrf{krvksoj fczt fuekZ.k ds izfr Hkh budh xEHkhjrkbuds dk;Z n{krk dks etcwr fd;k gSA orZekule; esa uo fuokZfpr lkaln y{e.k fxyqok lsbl lalnh; {ks=k ds yksxks dks dkQh mEehnas gSarFkk bl {ks=k ds yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd bl {ks=kdk fodkl Jh fxyqok ds }kjk vo'; fd;ktk;sxkA

16oha yksdlHkk pquko thrdj bfrgkl cuk;k

Jh fxyqok us

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'kks/ vkys[k

>kj[k.M izns'k fofo/ tkfr ,oatutkfr;ksa dk laxe LFky gSA ;gk¿ dh izeq[ktutkfr gks ,oa eq.Mk nksuksa lgksnj gSaA ;s tutkfrvius xk¡oksa­ dk ukedj.k fdlh [kkl ?kVuk]vkneh] xks=k] i'kq&i{kh] igkM+ bR;kfn ds uke ijdjrs gSa] tSls & ?kksM+kMwck] ?kksM+cgkj] ckxquMhg]fy;kaxh] d÷nkcq#] ftfy³cq#] rykcq#] d÷ykcq#]nqja n% (Mksj.Mk)] fjafp (jk¡ph)] cfM+grq(cfj;krq)] cbgrq] cbfib bR;kfnA bu ukeksa­ dsvk/kj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd x;k 'kgjdHkh xk¡o Fkk ftldks x;k eq.Mk uked O;fDrus clk;k FkkA mlds [kkl O;fDrRo ds vk/kj ijykssxksa us bldk uke x;k j[kkA gks vkSj eq.Mkjh esax;k 'kCn dk iz;ksx uiaqld ds fy, gksrk gSA tSls& bfu% nks x;k rfu%bA blh izdkj ls uoknk(uek n%v)] jtkSyh (jtkmfy)] dydÙkk(dd~y³ xqVq+) bR;kfn gks&eq.Mkjh ds 'kCn gSaAbu ukek­ ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd dHkh gks&eq.Mktutkfr mu txgk­ e­ cls FksA

ftu txgksa ij vkt gks tutkfr;ksa dhvkcknh ugha feyrh gS mu txgksa­ ij gks ,oaeq.Mk Hkk"kk ds fo'ys"k.k ls gks&eq.Mk cksyus okysogk¡ Fks bldk izek.k mtkxj gksrk gS%&

LFkkuk­ dk uke&gks fgUnhflnq xkvVks flU/q?kkVhgks jIi% gM+IikesatksnbZ@eks,tksn# eksgutksnM+kspkUnq nbZ gks pkUgwnM+ksjks iM+% @ #iqgksM+ jksiM+lqjdks n%v lqRdksrnkfc³nks;kpy foUè;kpytEcqfMik tEcq}hi j¡kph (fjfp ) vFkkZr~ ckt igys fjfp

cq#@ ckt igkM+ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA ogk¡ckt if{k;ksa­ dk clsjk FkkA bl igkM+ ds nf{k.khrjkbZ esa­ iqjudh jk¡ph vofLFkr gS tks ml le;fjfp cLrh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA vaxjstksa dsvkus ds i'pkr~ bls jk¡ph uke ls vfHkfgr fd;kx;kA

'kCn ifjorZu dh bl izfØ;k dks vk/kjekuk tk, rks ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd foaè;kpyvkSj vjkoyh ioZr ds vkl&ikl Hkh dHkhgks&eq.Mk Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh ds yksx jgrs FksA foaè;kpyioZr dh –[kyk,¡ lk¡i tSlk izrhr gksrk gSA gks,oa eq.Mkjh esa­ lk¡i dks fc³] ihB dks nks;k rFkkyk¡?kuk dks py dgk tkrk gSA fc³nks;k vFkkZr~lk¡i dh ihBA blls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd gks&eq.Mkyksx foaè;kpy ikj dj >kj[k.M vk;sA vkxjkds ikl ;equk unh /uq"kkdkj cgrh gSA gks ,oaeq.Mkjh esa /uq"k dks v% v vkSj unh dks xM+kdgk tkrk gSA ;equk ds fdukjs lEHkor% gks ,oaeq.Mkvksa ds fdlh ny us fuokl fd;k vkSjmUgksaus v%v xM+k j[kk tks ckn esa ifj"Ñr gksdjvkxjk esa ifj.kr gqvkA

gekjs iwoZtksa ds laLdkj vkSj bfrgkl dksns[kus ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd gekjs chp nkstkfr dk bfrgkl gSA ,d Hkw&eè;lkxjh; laLdkj(gClh yksxksa­ dh) vkSj nwljk eaxksyh A bUgsa­ phuhtkfr dgk x;k D;ksafd dksy] gksM+ks] eq.Mk rFkklarkyksa­ dh laLÑfr vkSj bfrgkl muds lkFklfEefyr gSaA blfy, gesa çksVksvkWLVªksykW;M vkSjvkWLVªks,f'k;kfVd uke ls vfHkfgr fd;k x;kAgekjk vkjfEHkd bfrgkl vR;ar foLrr FkkA gkstutkfr ds izoztu Øe esa dbZ mrkj&p<+kovk,A ge ;g tkurs gSa] tks fxjrk gS ogh mBrkgS] vkSj tks Lo;a etcwr gS og Hkh fxjrk gSA ;gijEijk gksM+ks] eq.Mk vkSj larkyksa ds chp Hkh

pyh vk;h gSA ;s çkphu dky ls gh fofHké {ks=kksaesa nj&c&nj HkVdrs jgs gSaA tSls & eklqjh cq:(feJ dh ?kkVh) fdrkcq: (lqesj dk izns'k)cqyqax cq: (bZjku dk izns'k tkEcw% Mhik flU/qunh dk izns'k tkEcw% xkM+k (flU/q unh) jrkaxcq: (fgeky; ioZrekyk) dMlkse cq: (d'ehj?kkVh)] cksyksu }kj (cksyu njkZ)] dSewj }kj(dScj njkZ) lla cq# (gYnh ?kkVh jktLFkku)]fty&fey xkM+k(>sye) vkfnA

oÙkZeku esa dksyoa'k ds yksx eè;çns'k]vle] caxky ,oa mMhlk ds HkwHkkxksa esa QSys gSaA;s dbZ 'kk[kkvksa esa foHkDr gks x;s gSaA vk;Z tkfrds tqYe vkSj vR;kpkj ls cpus ds fy, gksM+ksyksx viuk thou clj djus ds fy, l?ku oudks pqukA bl le; Hkkjr ds vkfnokfl;ksa dschp æfoM+ oa'k dh Hkk"kk d÷M+q[k] ekyrks] [kksaMh]xksaM+h vkfn cksyus okys yksx fgeky; igkM+ dhrjkbZ esa jg jgs frCcrh] phuh Hkk"kk cksyus okyksadks NksM+dj lHkh vkfnoklh tkfr dksyoa'k dsgSaA ns'k&fons'k ds fo}kuksa ls Li"V gqvk gS fddksy tkfr dh Hkk"kk lqnwj ns'k oekZ] eyk;k]fo;ruke] bUMksusf'k;k] ç'kkUr egklkxj ds }hiksavkfn esa QSyk gqvk gSA dksy Hkk"kkvksa dh gh'kk[kk vfZXudks.k esa gSA blfy, fo}kuksa us bls^vkXus; ifjokj* dk uke fn;kA teZuh ds eSDlewyjus loZçFke bls eq.Mk ifjokj* uke ls vfHkfgrfd;kA

izkxSfrgkfld dky ls gh eq.Mk ,oa gkstutkfr ,d lkFk jgrs vk;s gSaA bl tutkfr dslanHkZ esa ,p-,p- fjtys],y-Vh MkYVu] dkykZby]th-,- fxz;lZu] gêu] estj ,Mlst] ,l-lh- jk;]Mh-,u-etqenkj] ekuxksfoUn cuthZ] vkfn iz'kkldksavkSj fo}kuksa us viuh iqLrdksa rFkk izfrosnuksa esaeq.Mk tutkfr ds izoztu] foLFkkiu ,oa fofHké

gks tutkfr dkizoztu ,oa flagHkwe

esa vkxeuMkW0 ljLorh xkxjkbZ

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'kks/ vkys[k{ks=kksa esa muds clus dk dkj.k vk;ks± dk vkxeurFkk vk;ks± }kjk geyk crk;k gSA fo}kuksa dsvuqlkj NksVkukxiqj esa vkus ds i'pkr~ eq.Mk dh'kk[kk gh gks&eq.Mk ds :i esa vyx gksdjflagHkwe esa cl x;sA bldh lEiqf"V yksdxhrksa­ ,oayksd dFkkvksa ls Hkh gksrh gSA

gks tutkfr;ksa dk izoztu vkSj ;g gksyksdxhr&

vksdksu dksjs xdks yM+b rukljtkse ck xqfy nksjs pksy³ ysukfpe, dksjs xdks eIi% rukeqjZ ck dfi nksjs ftfyc dsukAcqUMq dksjs xdks yM+b rukljtkse ck xqfy nksjs pksy³ ysukreM+k dksjs xdks eIi% rukeqjZ ck dfi nksjs ftfyc dsukA vFkkZr~dgk¡ yM+kbZ gks jgh gSl[kqvk Qøy xksyh fNVd vk;hdgk¡ ekj dkV gks jgk gSiyk'k Qøy Qkjlk pedus yxsAcqUMq esa yM+kbZ gks jgh gSl[kq Qøy xksyh fNVd vk;hrekM+ esa ekj dkV gks jgk gSiyk'k Qøy Qkjlk dh ped vk;hAbl yksdxhr ds ekè;e ls ;g izekf.kr

gksrk gS fd izoztu ds njE;ku gks tutkfr dsyksx ;qðjr jgs vkSj NksVkukxiqj esa vkus ds cknjk¡ph] rekM+] cqUMw] [kwaVh] eqjgw] cUnxk¡o gksrs gq,iksM+kgkV rFkk dksYgku {ks=k esa vk;sA

'kjr pUæjk; us ^n eq.Mkt ,.M ns;jdaVªh* uked 'kksèkiw.kZ iqLrd esa fy[kk gS fdizkxSfrgkfld] vðZ ,sfrgkfld ,oa ,sfrgkflddky[kaMksa esa dksykfj;u* tutkfr ,oa eqaMk dsewy mn~xe LFkku vkSj muds izoztu dh ;k=kk dkfoLrr fooj.k izLrqr fd;k gSA muds vuqlkj&flUèkq ÄkVh] vjkoyh ioZr ekyk] [kSjkx<+] fetkZiqj]NÙkhlx<+] vktex<+] dSewj ioZr] lksu] oS'kkyh]fonsg] fefFkyk] xaMd] dks;y unh] cqM+eq ÄkVh]mesMUMk] pqfV;kukxiqj] dksYgku {ks=kA

tsujy dfuaÄe us (Mk;jsDVj tsujy vkWQvkdsZyksftdy losZ vkWQ bf.M;k & [kaM & jiV&i0127) esa fy[kk gS fd iatkc ds O;kl vkSjVksu unh dh ÄkVh esa Hkh dksykfj;u tutkfr dsyksx cls FksA ml {ks=k dk uke dqfyUnk&ns'k FkkA;g d÷fyUnkl 'kCn gks&eq.Mkjh ds dyqfUM;k lsfeyrk&tqyrk gSA eq.Mk ,oa dksykfj;u lewg dhvU; tutkfr;ksa }kjk ftu x<+kas dk fuekZ.kvFkok dCtk fd;k x;k Fkk mlesa eq[; FksA1 &

dyaxtkj (dkfyatj&ckank) x<+fpr ;kx<+fprjh (fp=kdøV] mÙkj izns'k) x<+uxjokj(djdksVj­t&t;iqj jkT; dk ,d Hkkx)x<+Mgjokj ([ksM+k ftyk& uxj ls nf{k.k&if'pe)x<+fiij (pEikj.k) fcUt x<+ (vkxjk&xEHkhjkunh ds fdukjs) y[kukSjx< :gsy[kaM] xksj[kiqj#bnkl ;k jksgrkl x<+ (dSewj&lklkjke) gjnhuxj (eèksiqjk) lkgscx<+ (eqt¶Qjiqj) uUnux<+]jktx<+ jktxg eUnkj igkM+ (ckadk) dSewj lksudks;y unh dh ÄkVh] cqM+eq ÄkVh mesMUMk]pqfV;kukxiqj] dksYgku {ks=kA

MkW0 vkfnR; izlkn flUgk ds vuqlkj & ßgkstutkfr] eq.Mk dh ,d mitkfr ;k 'kk[kk jghgS] muds izoztu LFkku] ekxZ] dky[k.M] izoztuvkfn ds dkj.k ogh jgs gksaxs tks eq.Mk tutkfrds FksA eq.Mk tutkfr lewg esa iwjh rjg fefJrgksus ds dkj.k gh urRo'kkfL=k;ksa] euksoSKkfudks­vkSj bfrgkldkjksa us gks* tutkfr ds izoztuij Lora=k :i ls fopkj ugha fd;kAÞ2

lkeq pj.k rqfcn us viuh iqLrd gks dksvks.Mks% usdksov% fn'kqe* esa gks tutkfr;ksa dkdksYgku esa vkxeu ds lanHkZ esa fy[kk gS & ^gksyksx bl ns'k esa dc izos'k fd;s bldk lghvuqeku ugha gS fdUrq ;s yksx jk¡ph ds if'pevkSj nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj ls izos'k fd;sA3

MkW0 v'kksd lsu ds vuqlkj ßgks yksx 12osals 16osa 'krkCnh ds chp flagHkwe dksYgku* esavk;sA cgqr ls xk¡o dk ukedj.k gks fdfy ijvk/kfjr gSA bldk izek.k orZeku pØ/jiqj&jk¡phds lM+d ekxZ ds nksuksa fdukjs ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA;s jk¡ph vkus ds ckn iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh vksjvkxs c<+sA okLro esa ;s flagHkwe dh vksj c<+usds Øe esa dbZ izrhd fpÐksa dks txg&txg NksM+x;sAÞ4

Qknj tkWu Mhuh Ñr ,oa ih- iksusV }kjklEikfnr iqLrd ßdEçstu vkWQ n eq.Mk ,.Mgks y®XostÞ] ßn eq.Mk oYMZÞ dSFkksfyd çsl}kjk lu~ 1978 bZ- esa­ çdkf'kr i-la- 44 esa fy[kkx;k gS&

“In the process many took as theirkilli the name of the village where theyhad last been living. The following arenames of villages, on both sides of theTebo Ghat as it climbs towordsBandgaon and a bit beyond that, whichhave become Ho killis :- Angaria,Kudada:, Jonko, Buriuli, Tape:, Chaki,Pareya, Kandeang, Hesa: di [killi =Hesa:], Jirai, Bobonga, Goepai [ killi =

Goepai, Boepai ], Melgandi, Leangi,Marla, Barjo, Ichagutu, Kondangkel,Bari, Bandra, [killi = Bandra/Banra],Kunti [Kuntia+], Deogaon [ killi =Deogam], Digi, Barda, Simku [ killi =Sinku], Buruma:, Kaika, Pingu [Pingua], Sirka, Tubid, Toboga, Karowa,Sauria [ Sawaiya] and Mundri. Besidesthis the Hos have retained many of theiroriginal killis, e.g., purty, Soy, Hembrom,Bodra, Samad, Tiu [Tiru] and manyothers".5

MkYVu lkgc ds vuqlkj & ß/kyHkwe dksNksM+dj lEiw.kZ ¯lgHkwe gks yksxk­ dk gSA ;siksM+kgkV gksdj izosÀk fd;s vkSj ml {ks=k e­ jgjgs ljkod] xks.M vkSj Hkqb;k¡ yksxksa dks Hkxk;sA6

mi;qZDr rF;ksa­ ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd gks*tutkfr] tks eq.Mk tutkfr dh lgksnj jgh gSAbuds çoztu dk LFkku] dky[k.M] ekxZ] çoztuds dkj.k vkfn eq.Mk ds lkFk ,d gh jgsAgks&eq.Mk esa bruk vf/d lkE; Fkk fdurRo'kkfL=k;ksa] euksoSKkfudksa vkSj bfrgkldkjksaus Hkh bl ij Lora=k :i ls fopkj ugha dj ldsAbl ij Lora=k :i ls 'kks/ djus dh vko';drkgSA

lanHkZ xzaFk &gks 'kCn dh mRifÙk ds laca/ esa ;g ekuk

tkrk gS fd gks dh mRifRr ,d 'kCn gks ls ekursgSaA gksM+eks ,d 'kCn gS ftldh mEifRr gksM+ lsgqbZ gS gksM+ dk laf{kIr èofu gks gSA gks dk rkRi;Zeuq"; ;k vkneh ls gSA bls le>us ds fy, &(Endnotes)1- flUgk vkfnR; izlkn& gks Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

dk bfrgkl& i0 la0 17&182- MkW0 vkfnR; izlkn flUgk & gks Hkk"kk vkSj

lkfgR; dk bfrgkl & i- la-213- lkeq pj.k rqfcn& gks dks vks.Mks% usdkso% fnÀkqe&i-

la- 34- mifjor~5- MkW- HkqousÀoj loS;k¡ & vkfnoklh Hkk"kk;h i=kdkfjrk dk lektÀkkL=kh; vè;;u% larkyh]

eq.Mkjh]gks] [kfM+;k ,oa d÷M+q[+k if=kdkvk­ ds lanHkZesa ('kks/ çca/) &i-la &526- lkeq pj.k rqfcn& gks dks vks.Mks% usdkso%

fnÀkqe&i`- la-& 4laidZ &

tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkxjk¿ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¿phAeks0 9334051131

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eS=ks;h iq"ik orZeku ;qx esa 'kks"k.k ds fo:ðvkokt mBkus okyh efgyk dFkkdkjksa esa ls ,dgSaA bUgksaus ,d ltx lkfgR;dkj dh Hkk¡fr Hkkjro"kZdh orZeku fLFkfr dks ns[kk] le>k vkSj vPNhrjg ls ij[kus ds ckn viuh dye ds ekè;els Økafr dk fcxqy ctk fn;kA lekt ds misf{kr]frj"Ñr ,oa =kLr ekuo leqnk; ds izfr budhnf"V ges'kk mnkj jgh gSA ;g fcYd÷y lR; gSfd fdlh jk"Vª dh v{k;'kfDr dk lzksr lkfgR;ds ekè;e }kjk gh ,d ls nwljs ;qx esa izokfgrgksrk gSA jk"Vª dks 'kfDr gks] lkaifÙkd lEiUurkgks] Lora=krk gks] lc d÷N gks vkSj LoLFk lkfgR;u gks] rks dguk gksxk fd jk"Vª xawxk gSA ok.khfoghujk"Vª Hkh D;k gksrk gS] ge ugha dg ldrsA**1

budh dgkfu;k¡ O;fDr ds lkekftd thouds fofHké vaxksa ij fVdh gqbZ gS] ftlesa QSyhcqjkb;ksa ,oa leL;kvksa ls =kLr O;fDr NViVkgVdk vuqHko djrk gSA *rqe fdldh gks fcéh\*dgkuh esa Hkwz.k&gR;k ,oa yM+dk&yM+dh esa HksnHkkodh leL;k gS rks *NqVdkjk* *vkSj* *fjtd* dgkuhesa o.kZHksn dh leL;k] ^ixyk xbZ gS Hkkxorh*vkSj rkyk [kqyk gS ikik* dgkuh lkEiznkf;drkdk fp=k izLrqr djrh gSA

/eZ vkSj tkfr ds vk/kj ij gks jgh fgalk,oa vR;kpkj n'kkZusokyh dgkfu;ksa esa ^rkyk[kqyk gS ikik* 'kh"kZd dgkuh Hkh ,d dM+h ds:i esa gSA ;g izse laca/ksa ds rkus&ckus esa cquh gqbZdgkuh gS] ftles lekt ds Hk; ds dkj.k ,dekrk&firk viuh csVh ls fgald O;ogkj djusij etcwj gks tkrs gSaA mudk ekuuk gS& ^ugha&ugha]tkfr ds ckgj ugha tk ldrsA bl xk¡o lekt esajguk gS] rks blh esa feydj uA blh ds vuqlkjpydjA fcUnks dh ew[kZrk dks viuh detksjhcukdj ugha th ldsaxsA**2

o.kZHksn dh leL;k ij fy[kh x;h dgkfu;ksaesa ,d ^NqVdkjk* dgkuh gSA blesa ysf[kdk us

fuEu oxZ ds yksxksa dh okLrfod fLFkfr dksfn[kk;k gSA lkQ&lQkbZ djusokys esgrj vkSjmPp oxZ ds yksxksa ds chp dh [kkbZ ls gesavoxr djk;k gSA fuEu o.kZ ftls yksx uhpdgrs gSa os vius vki dks vius dke ds izfrlefiZr dj nsrs gSa fQj Hkh mudk thou d"Vksals Hkjk gksrk gSA mls iDds edku esa jguk] <axdk [kkuk vkSj nsg <¡dus ds fy, vPNs diM+s Hkhulhc ugha gksrs gSaA esgrjkuh Néks vkSj mldhcsVh jTtks ds lkFk yksxksa us blh o.kZHksn dsdkj.k gha vPNk O;ogkj ugha fd;kA

eS=ks;h iq"ik th us uhph tkfr ds yksxksa dhlHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls le>kSrk djus ds ihNs fNisdkj.kksa dh [kkst dh gSA mudk dguk gS fd uhple>h tkusokyh tkfr;ksa dk 'kks"k.k bl izdkjgks jgk gS fd os bls gha viuk HkkX; le>djle>kSrk dj ysus dks rS;kj jgrs gSa rkfd mudkthou clj gks ldsA os fdlh izdkj dk [krjkugha pkgrs gSA ,slh Hkkouk mUgksaus cw<+s vkSj v/sM+mez ds yksxksa dh crk;h gS tks le>kSrk djuk bulcdk mik; le>rs gSaA ;gh ckr Néks viuhcsVh dks le>krs gq, dgrh gS& ^^xyh esa ,dd÷Ùkk Hkh tc u;k&u;k vkrk gS] rks iqjkus d÷Ùksmls pkSFkus nkSM+rs gSaA HkkSad&HkkSaddj xyh dsckgj dj vkrs gaSA tc igpku gks tkrh gS] rksog je tkrk gSA lcz djuk gksxkA**3

bl rjg dh xyr lkekftd O;oLFkk ,oale>kSrkijLr ekufld fLFkfr esa cnykovko';d gS] rkfd fuEu ls fuEu oxZ ds yksxksadks Hkh thou dh ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa vFkkZr~Hkkstu] oL=k ,oa vkokl dh lqfo/k fey ldsAbl dgkuh esa Hkh eS=ks;h iq"ik us Néks dh csVhjTtks ds :i esa ,d ,sls u;s ;qok oxZ dks fojks/dk Loj iznku fd;k gS] ftlls yksxksa dh psruktkxzr gks ldsA jTTkks viuh ek¡ dks le>krs gq,dgrh gS & ^^;g xyh gSA xyh esa ge Hkh jgrs

gSa vkSj os HkhA eqa'kh dk gjkeh yM+dk esjk gkFkidsM+xk rks eSa gkFk dkV Mkyw¡xhA jaMh dgsxk rkseSa mldh ek¡ dks nl ckj jaMh dgw¡xhA mldk ckigjkeh Fkwd jgk gS vkSj rw muds xw&ewr mBk jghgSA iafMr gekjs ;gk¡ vkus ds nq%[k esa Hkw[kk cjrdj jgk gSA rw mlds gxus ds bartkj esa nsorkeuk jgh gSA**4

eS=ks;h iq"ik us blh dgkuh esa ,d ,sls oxZdh vksj ladsr fd;k gS] tks fuEu o.kZ ds gksrsgq, Hkh lekt e izfr"Bk ls th jgs gSaA blds ihNsdkj.k ;g gS fd ,sls yksx mPp O;olk; djrsgSa] laifÙk vftZr djrs gSa] ftl dkj.k mudsjgu&lgu ,oa thou Lrj esa cnyko vkrk gSAbuds fy, tkfr vkM+s ugha vkrhA rkRi;Z ;g gSfd gekjs lekt esa xjhc rcds ds yksxksa ;k fuEudksfV dk O;olk; djus okyksa dks yksx mldhtkr ds vk/kj ij vkSj fuEu cukrs tkrs gSaA bllanHkZ esa Néks lekt ds bl Øøjre lR; dks mn~/kfVr djrh gqbZ dgrh gS & ^ukSdjhis'kk yksx rkstkr fNikdj Hkh jg ysrs gSaA laMkl dekusokysD;k djsa\ ljdkjh DokVZjksa dk gky ;g gS fdos Å¡ph tkfr ds yksxksa dks gha fdjk,nkj cukusesa fnypLih j[krs gSA**5

^fjtd* dgkuh esa eS=ks;h iq"ik us ;g crk;kgS fd tkfr&ikfr ds Qsj esa iM+dj yksx viukgh vfgr djrs gSaA fcjknjh esa jguk vko';d gSijUrq vius isV ds fy,] cky&cPpksa ds fy,viuh fcjknjh ls ckgj dke djuk vieku dhckr gSA blh Hkkouk ls xzflr gekjk lektfnuksfnu iru dh vksj c<+ jgk gSA tgk¡ nqfu;kds vU; ns'k fodkl dh vksj vxzlj gks jgs gSa]ogha ge viuh tkr&fcjknjh dk jkx vyki jgsgSaA ;fn ifjokj lq[kh&lEié gks] rks lekt fodkldh vksj c<+sxk vkSj ;fn lekt fodkl dh vksjdne c<+k, rks ns'k dh méfr fu%lansg gksxhA

;g dgkuh yYyu uke dh ,d nkbZ ij

eS=s;h iq"ik dhdgkfu;ksa esa of.kZr

lkekftd leL;k,¡viZ.kk d÷ekjh

_B© - 2014

ISSN 2231-3079

'kks/ vkys[k

43

vk/kfjr gS] tks xk¡o esa izlo djokus dk dkedjrh gS] ijUrq xk¡o esa tkfrxr Hkkouk c<+rhtkrh gS vkSj mls ;k vU; fdlh Hkh nkbZ dksnwljh tkfr ds ?kj tkus dh eukgh gks tkrh gSAbldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd mldh vkfFkZdfLFkfr fcxM+rh tkrh gSA ,d cw<+h efgyk viuhcgw dk izlo djokus ds fy, yYyu ds lkeusfeér djrs gq, dgrh gS & ^^csVh ftanxkuh lscM+h ugha gksrh dksbZ fcjknjhA rsjh fcjknjh ls rsjscnys dh ekQh eSa ek¡x yw¡xh Hkjs iapks esaA eksaB dslasVj rd ys tkus dh gkfy;r esa ugha gS cgwA**6

fQj Hkh yYyu mldh cgw dk izlo djkus ughatkrh gS vkSj varr% ml efgyk dh e`R;q gks tkrhgSA ugha tkus ds ihNs iapk;r ,oa fcjknjh dkMj Fkk] ftldh otg ls og Mjh jgrh gSaAiapk;r dk fu;e u ekuusokyksa ij tks tqYe<+k, tkrs gSa] mldk o.kZu djrs gq, ysf[kdk usfy[kk gS & ^^lcls igys eM+ksjk ds Hknb;k¡ usfu;e rksM+ MkykA mldh tuh lcdks vaxwBkfn[kk dj fMysojh djkus pyh x;hA fdlkuksa ds;gk¡ ls ukt&ikuh ys vkbZA lcds lc HknbZ ij,sls VwVs] tSls xk; ekjdj dyadh gks x;k gSA naM/jk x;k ,d gtkjA mlus ugha fn;kA fQjiapk;r tqVh vkSj dPph&iDdh ik¡r /j nhcspkjs ds ÅijA**7

eS=ks;h iq"ik us ^rqe fdldh gks fcéh\*dgkuh esa Hkzw.k&gR;k ds ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.kyM+dk&yM+dh esa HksnHkko dh leL;k ij vkoktmBk;h gSA blesa mUgksaus ;g fn[kk;k gS fd ;fnxHkZ esa yM+dk iy jgk gks rks mldk vknj&lRdkjgksrk gS vkSj ogha ;fn yM+dh gks rks mls ekjMkyk tkrk gSA bl dgkuh esa fcéh dh ek¡ dkstSls gh irk pyk fd mlds xHkZ esa yM+dh iyjgh gS] rks mldh fLFkfr [kjkc gks tkrh gSA^^yM+dh dk tUe gksxk lqurs gh muds flj esa?kqesj mBh fd ik¡o ds uhps dk Q'kZ ?kweus yxk]dejs dh Nr xksy gqbZ tk jgh FkhA**8 ogha yM+dsds tUe ysus ls igys gh mlds ifjokj okyksa dh[kq'kh dk fBdkuk ugha FkkA bl dgkuh esa bl Hksndks n'kkZrs gq, ysf[kdk us fy[kk gS & ^^izkjaHk lsgh nknh us [k;ky j[kkA xqM+ esaa ukfj;y ds chtyxkrkj lkr fnu f[kyk,A ihj dk xaMk xk¡o lsys vkbZ] ftls cM+s euks;ksx ls eEeh us ck¡g esack¡/ fy;kA lius esa vke&cSaxu fn[krs Fks] xjehesa chl fdyks vkeksa dk nku fn;k] larks"kh ekrkdk ozr j[kk] oS".kks nsoh dh tkr ekuhA**9 ijUrqtSls gh yM+dh dk tUe gqvk firk vkSj ifjokjokyksa dh ckr vkSj Fkh [kqn ek¡ us ml cPph dksugha viuk;kA mls og viuk egku cSjh le>usyxhA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ,d L=kh gh L=kh dhnq'eu gks tkrh gSA viuh gh csVh ls ukSdj dhrjg dke djokrh gS] rkfd mlds Øks/ dhvfXu 'kkar gks ldsA

^ixyk xbZ gS Hkkxorh* dgkuh es ysf[kdkus lkEiznkf;drk ,oa tkr&ikr dk cht cksusokys yksxksa ds fo:ð vkokt mBk;h gSaA blesaHkkxorh uked ,d ,slh L=kh ik=k gS] ftlsysf[kdk us lekt dh cqjkb;ksa ds fojks/ esa [kM+kfd;k gSA og fo/ok gS vkSj viuh cgu dhcsVh dks viuh gh csVh dh rjg I;kj djrh gS]ijUrq mlus vius eu lss nwljh tkfr ds yM+dsls fookg fd;kA ftl dkj.k mlds firk us gh

mls [kkus essa tgj nsdj ekj MkykA ysfdu fcYd÷y;gh ifjfLFkfr Bkd÷j lkgc ds csVs ds lkFkmRié gks tkrh gSA og Hkh viuh ilan ls nwljhtkfr dh yM+dh ls fookg djrk gS] ijUrq mlsmlds ekrk&firk viuk ysrs gS] vkSj mldsLokxr esa Hkkst dk vk;kstu djrs gaSA blh chpHkkxorh ikxyksa dh Hkk¡fr va/k/qa/ iRFkj Qsadusyxrh gS vkSj vius fojks/ dks 'kCn iznku djrhgS& ^^rSus tks ljkch & tqvkjh <w¡<ks grks lks ckus ialn ugha djkS ekLVj th ls izhr grh---gesacrkbZ gekbZ fcfV+;k usA Hkxoku ds vxkbZ eafnjesa C;kg djkS grks vkSj fQj xjHk---A ekLVjvku&fcjknjh grks lks dk\ HkykS ekul grksA vkSjtk cgq--- tk dh rqe vkjrh mrkj jgs--- tk dksbZvly Bkd÷j dh tkbZ gS] tk rS fgUnq rd ub;k¡AvkSj pkj efguk xjHk---A ek/ks fQj vkt nS nScsVk dks tgj--- tSlh esjh vuqlqb;k dks---A**10

vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd eS=ks;h iq"ik dhdgkfu;ksa dk ;fn ge lkekftd Lrj ij fo'ys"k.kdjsa rks ;gh fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd lkEiznkf;drk]tkr&ikr] mPp&fuEu] fyax Hksn tSlh xaHkhjleL;kvksa dks bUgksaus viuh dgkfu;ksa esa LFkkufn;k gS] lkFk gh lHkh leL;kvksa dk fdlh ufdlh :i esa lek/ku Hkh izLrqr fd;k gSA ,dvPNs lkfgR;dkj dh fo'ks"krk Hkh ;gh gksrh gSfd og vius lkfgR; esa ns'k ,oa lekt dkizR;{k fp=k izLrqr djs vkSj ;fn fdlh izdkj dhdeh ;k cqjkbZ gks rks mls nwj djus ds mik;lq>k,A

lanHkZ&ladsr 1- lkfgR;k;u & gal d÷ekj frokjh] i`0

la0 104] ekuljksoj izdk'ku] x;kA2- ^rkyk [kqyk gS ikik* (nl izfrfuf/

dgkfu;k¡) & eS=ks;h iq"ik] i0 la0 144] fdrkc?kjizdk'ku] 2011]

3- ^NqVdkjk* (nl izfrfuf/ dgkfu;k¡) &eS=ks;h iq"ik] i0 la0 83] fdrkc?kj izdk'ku 2011]

4- ogh & i`0 la0 & 875- ogh & i`0 la0 & 816- ^fjtd* (nl izfrfuf/ dgkfu;k¡) &

eS=ks;h iq"ik] i0 la0 168] fdrkc?kj izdk'ku 2011]7- ogh & i`0 la0 1678- ^rqe fdldh gks fcéh\* (nl izfrfuf/

dgkfu;k¡) & eS=sk;h iq"ik] i`0 la0 29&30fdrkc?kj izdk'ku 20119- ogh & i`0 la0 & 3110- ixyk xbZ gS Hkkxorh!* (nl izfrfuf/

dgkfu;k¡) & eS=ks;h iq"ik] i`0 la0 & 142]fdrkc?kj izdk'ku 2011-

'kks/kFkhZ] fgUnh foHkkxjk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph

ngst dh nksgjh uhfrcsfV;ksa dh vki chrhlquus ds ckngj ek¡tuuk pkgsxh cl csVkek¡ gh ?kksaVuk pkgsxhvkxarqd csVh dk xykrkfd gks lds Hkykml vkHkkxh ^cks>* dkrkfd uk ekjk tk;s ckj&ckjmldks Hkfo"; esa rkus ekj&ekjbl rjg etcwj vkSjr ghcu tkrh gS nq'eu Hkkoh vkSjr dhD;ksafd ngst ds fcukcu cSBh gS C;kgh csVhegt ,d cSjax fpëhftlds ikl ugha gSviusiu dk dksbZ fyQkQkuk gh gS dksbZ eg¡xk fVdV lVk gqvkmlds fVds jgus ds ykblsal lk vxj gS rks cl irkviuk ek;ds ykSV tkus dk!vkf[kj---fdruh ckj djs ukjh vkRegR;k\

;wfud ,tqds'ku IokbaVCykWd eksM+] d÷M+w (yksgjnxk)

eks0 9798569186

XhoO

nhid d÷ekj pkS/jh

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

thou ds izR;sd pj.k eas laLdkjksa dkfo'ks"k egRo gSA euq"; tUe ds iwoZ ls ysdj eR;q dsckn rd laLdkjksa ls ca/k jgrk gSA ^Hkkjrh; euh"kkdk fo'okl gS fd laLdkjksa ls thou lqlaLÑr] ifj"Ñrlarqfyr e;kZfnr fodflr eaxye; ,oa lQy gksrkgSA**1 larky ijEijk ,oa fo'oklkuqlkj fofHké laLdkjksads }kjk gh ekuo thou dks lqlH; rFkk lqlaLÑrcuk;k tk ldrk gSA tUe ysus ds ckn xzkeokfl;ksa]fj'rsnkjksa rFkk leqnk; ds yksxksa ls I;kj feyrk gSA blizdkj euq"; vius lekt dh ifjf/ esa ifjfpr gksrkgS rFkk lkekftd laca/ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSAvknj lRdkj lEeku] f'k"Vpkj Lusg bR;kfn lkekftdxq.kksa dks fodflr djrk gSA** lkekftd ,oavkuq"Bkfud lekthdj.k ds ekè;e ls ,d O;fDrdks thou dh ,d voLFkk ls nwljh voLFkk esa izos'kdjk;k tkrk gSA**2 larky laLÑfr esa laLdkjksa dkfo'ks"k egRo gSA ^laLdkjksa ls ekuo i'kqRo ls eqfDrikdj euq";Ro dks izkIr djrk gSA3 larkyksa esa fofHkévoLFkkvksa eas vusd rjg ds vuq"Bku ,oa laLdkjlEié fd;s tkrs gSa muesa ls rhu laLdkj ;Fkk tUelaLdkj] fookg laLdkj vkSj eR;q laLdkj loZizeqq[k gaSAvc ge larky yksd thou esa tUe laLdkj ij ghlaf{kIr ppkZ djsaxsA

larky&fo'okl ,oa ijEijk vuqlkj xHkZ /kj.kek=k ,d tSfod ?kVuk gh ugha gS] oju ;g lkekftd]lkaLÑfrd Hkh gSA dsoy 'kkjhfjd laca/ ls gh xHkZ/kj.k ugha gksrk cfYd blds fy, nsoh nsorkvksa dhÑik] cM+s cqtqxks± dk vk'khokZn lkekftd fu;eksa dkikyu lkaLÑfrd jhfr&fjoktksa ds vuqlkj 'kkjhfjdlEidZ bR;kfn fefJr izHkko ls xHkZ /kj.k rFkk tUe/kj.k dh ?kVuk fdlh ifjokj eas ?kfVr gksrh gSA ftlnaifÙk dks larku izkfIr esa nsj gksrh gS nsoh nsorkvksarFkk iwoZtksa ls eukSrh ekaxuh iM+rh gS rFkk larku izkfIrds ckn lkdsr* iwtk esa cfy rFkk g¡fM+;k* riku jlvfiZr djuk iM+rk gSA larky leqnk; tUe&ej.k tSlhlPpkbZ ls voxr gSA muds vuqlkj tUe&ej.k rFkk

iqutZUe dk pØ lnk pyrs jgrk gSA izR;sd tUe dksiwoZtksa dk vorkj ekuk tkrk gSA vorkj ysdj ,diwoZt 'kS'kokoLFkk ls ckY;oLFkk] ckY;oLFkk ls;qokoLFkk ;qokoLFkk ls izkS<+oLFkk ,oa izkS<+koLFkk lsoðkoLFkk esa izos'k djrk gSA oðkoLFkk esa og e`R;qizkIr dj iqu% iwoZtksa ds lkFk fey tkrk gSA tUe gS rksej.k gS ej.k gS rks tUe gS ;gh izÑfr dk lkoZHkkSfedfu;e gSA

Nwrifr&iRuh dh ijLij lEefr ls 'kqHk le; esa

fd;s x;s 'kkjhfjd feyu ds QyLo:i Hkzw.k (xHkZ)Bgjus ij xHkZorh efgyk dks rjg rjg dh phtsa [kkusdh bPNk gksrh gSA xk¡o okys mls ckx&ckxokuh esa yxslkx lCth rFkk vU; [kkus dh oLrq,¡ vknjiwoZd nsrsgSaA xHkZ esa iy jgs larku ds dY;k.k vkSj LokLF; dhdkeuk ds lkFk&lkFk fodkj jfgr larku lqfuf'prdjus ds fy, xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk muds ifr dksvusd fu"ks/ksa dk ikyu Hkh djuk iM+rk gSA fu"ks/ksadh voekuuk ;k vogsyuk djus ij cPpksa esafodykaxrk] viaxrk] cPpksa dh cqfð esa ck/k] cgjk]xw¡xk ,oa detksjh ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsrh gaSA

xHkZ/kj.k ds ckn xHkZorh efgyk dks mfprle; dk bUrtkj djuk iM+rk gSA izlo ihM+k dkvkHkkl gksus ij izf'kf{kr o vuqHkoh nkbZ dks ?kj ijcqykrs gSaaA vuqHkoh ,oa cqtqxZ efgyk,¡ xHkZorh efgykvksadks izlo gksrs enn djrs gSaA ml nkSjku iq#"kksa dksizlo xg eas izos'k oftZr jgrk gSA tc ,d f'k'kqviuh ek¡ dh dks[k ls bl jaxeap (/jk/ke) ij tUeysrk gS rc efgyk,¡ ?kj ds NIij dks ykBh MaMs lsihVrh gSa rFkk dk¡ls ds cÙkZu dks ctkrs gSaA ,slkblfy, fd uotkr f'k'kq dks ubZ nqfu;k dh pgydneh ls voxr djkrs gSa rFkk blls Jo.k'kfDr rFkkf'k'kq LokLF; dks Hkh tk¡pk ij[kk tkrk gSA ;gijEijk larkyksa esa foKku lEer o dkQh iqjkuk gSAvk/qfud ;qx ds MkWDVjksa dk ekuuk gS fd vusdkusdf'k'kq tUe ysrs gh vpsr gks tkrs gSaA ml voLFkk esaMkDVj f'k'kq dk ryok o isV esa vaxqyh ls BBjkrs gSa]ftls ;g irk yxk;k tk lds fd f'k'kq LoLF; gS ;kugha\ ;fn f'k'kq LoLF; gS rc vaxqyh dk pksV yxusek=k ls gh jksus yxrk gSA ;fn ugha jksrk gS rks byktds fy, vxyk dne mBk;k tkrk gSA bl rjg ls gesaKkr gksrk gS fd NIij ihVus o /krq ds cÙkZu ctkukiw.kZr% xyr o va/fo'okl ugha gSA

uotkr f'k'kq tc viuh ek¡ ds xHkZ ls tUe ysrkgS rc lEiw.kZ ifjokj] fj'rsnkj] ,oa xk¡o o leqnk;

esa [kq'kh dk egkSy mRié gks tkrk gSA ^vU; leqnk;(xSj vkfnoklh) esa iq=k dk tUe gksuk gh 'kqHk ekuktkrk gS iq=kh ds tUe dk dksbZ Lokxr ugha djrkA**4ijUrq larky lekt esa iq=k ,oa iq=kh nksuksa dk lekuvknj gksrk gSA larky leqnk; lektoknh fopkj /kjkls vksr&izksr gSA ftl ?kj esa uotkr f'k'kq dk vkxeugksrk gS] ml ?kj dks larky leqnk; Nwr ;k v'kqðekurs gSaa xzke iz/ku (ek>h ckck) ,oa xzke iqtkjh(uk;d) xzke lhek ds vUnj rc rd vé tyxzg.k ugha djrs tc rd NqÙkks}kj ;k 'kqfðdj.k ughagksrk gSA lacaf/r ifjokj xk¡o dk ,d lnL; gksrk gSblfy, larky leqnk; lEiw.kZ xk¡o dks Nwr ;k v'kqðekurs gSaA tc rd Nwrksðkj ugha gks tkrk xzke lhek dsvUnj fdlh rjg dk /kfeZd iwtk vuq"Bku ;k 'kqHkdk;Z dks LFkfxr dj fn;k tkrk gS ,oa lacaf/rifjokj eas xk¡o ds dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vé ty xzg.kugha djrkA ifjokj rFkk lEiw.kZ lekt ds yksx blfu"ks/ dks vko';d :i ls ikyu djrs gSa ifo=krrkdk ikyu djrs gq, Nwrksðkj ds fy, rqjar mik;fd;k tkrk gSA tc ,d f'k'kq vius ek¡ ds xHkZ lslQyrkiwoZd tUe ysrk gS rks larky xzke nsork d÷ynsork ,oa iwoZtksa dks mÙkjnk;h ekurs gSaA blfy, iap]eka>h] tks eka>h ijkfud xksMsr uk;ds ,oa xk¡o dscPps cqtqxZ dh mifLFkfr esa nsoh nsorkvksa dks lk{khekudj fof/or~ Nwrks}kj dk;Z dks lEié djds uotktf'k'kq dks lekt esa ntkZ fnykrs gSaA

ukedj.k %ukedj.k laLdkj lEié gksus ds ckn gh f'k'kq

ml oa'k leqnk; dk lkekftd lnL; ekuk tkrk gSAlarkyksa esa ukedj.k vuq"Bku f'k'kq tUe ls ysdjfookg iwoZ rd lEié gksrk gSA larky ijEijkuqlkjtc rd fdlh O;fDr dk NwÙkks}kjk] gkj] gkykM+]vkSj ukedj.k ugha gksrk gS rc rd ml O;fDr dksnsoh&nsorkvksa dk vk'khokZn izkIr ugha gksrkA mlsfdlh Hkh /kfeZd iwtk vuq"Bku esa lfEEfyr ugha djrs,oa cksaxk lksM+s (iwtk izlkn) Hkh ugha fn;k tkrk gSAfcuk ukedj.k fd, fdlh O;fDr dk fookg Hkh ughagksrk gS rFkk eR;qijkUr mls lkewfgd ekM+?kkVh(dczxzkg@ 'e'kku ?kkV) esa ugha nQuk;k@ tyk;ktkrk gSA bl izdkj ds vuq"Bkuksa esa ukedj.k laLdkjlcls vf/d egRo dk gSA ^^vr% bUgas O;fDr dslekthdj.k dk vuq"Bku Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA**5larky leqnk; esa nks izdkj dk uke ik;k tkrk gS &igyk & fof/or~ ukedj.k ftls lekt ds yksxksa }kjkfn;k tkrk gS tks f'k'kq ds ekrk&firk ds jDr lacaf/;ksa

larky yksd&thou esatUe laLdkj

xqenk ekMhZ

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dks gksrk gSA nwljk ckY;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk ds vk/kjij ftls ^ck;uk* ;k iqdk: uke j[kk tkrk gSA ;gblfy, fd lekt esa laca/ksa vkSj fj'rksa esa lkekftdotZuk,¡ izpfyr gSaA blfy, oSls yksxksa ds fy, iqdk:uke ls eq[kkfrc fd;k tkrk gSA izFke iq=k ds tUe ijnknk ds uke j[kk tkrk gS rFkk iq=kh ds tUe gksus ijnknh dk uke j[kk tkrk gSA nwljs iq=k ij ukuk rFkkiq=kh dk uke ukuh dk j[k fn;k tkrk gSA bllsvf/d larku iSnk gksus ij nEifÙk ds pkpk&pkph]ekek&ekeh] QøQk&QøQh vkfn dk uke j[k fn;ktkrk gSA vks>k xq.kh ;k MkDVjh fpfdRlk ls ;fn iq=kdk tUe gks rks vks>k xq.kh ;k MkDVj dk uke fn;ktkr gS vU;Fkk iq=kh ds tUe ij mudh iRuh dk ukefn;k tkrk gSA tqM+ok¡ f'k'kq jke y[ku] yqxq&d÷'kqdkjeq&/kjeq] flnks&dkUgw] Qkxq&fojke Hkhe&vtqZu]yko&yk[kku] fyVk&dkrjh] jksrksu&iksaMk] vkfnA mlhrjg tqM+ok¡ cgu esa fglh&Mqeuh] fNrk&dkijk]nkuxh&iq.kxh] uklks&ik;ks] lkjks&lqxh] lkyks&ikyks]Qøyks&>kuks vkfnA HkkbZ cgu esa lkxksj&lsjkyh]dkM+ks&d÷;yh] xaxk&tkouk] jke&fNrk] bR;kfnA fdUrquke dk mPpkj.k ljyrk ls gksuk pkfg, vkSj mudsvFkZ vPNs gksuk pkfg,A6 jksx&'kksd] Vksuk&VksVdkvkSj Hkwr&izsr ls cpus ds fy, Hkh fujFkZd ukelarkyksa esa izpfyr gSA ^larky vius iwoZtksa dks ;knj[kus ds fy, oa'k ijEijk ds vk/kj ij ukedj.kfd;k tkrk gSA**7 rFkk f'k'kq dks firk dk gh xks=kizkIr gksrk gSA

lanHkZ lwph %1- ukxiqjh xhrk dh NUn jpuk % i0&239] ys[kd &MkW0 d÷ekjh cklUrh] izdk'kd& fd'kksj fo|k fudsru] ch0&2@236,] HknSuh] okjk.klh&1] o"kZ &19932- Hkkjrh; tutkrh; laLÑfr & i`0&246] ys[kd & ik.Ms; & x;k iz0 dalSIV ifCyf'kax dEiuh] ubZfnYyh&110059] o"kZ 20073- vo/h yksdxhr leh{kkRed vè;;u] i`0 &

32]ys[kd MkW0 flag & fo|kfoUnq] izdk'kd & ifjey izdk'ku bykgkckn] o"kZ 19834- larkyh yksdxhrksa eas lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr & i`&29] ys[kd % MkW0 gsEcze & jru] izdk'kd % ek/k izdk'ku tkgsdVksyk] ckjhMhg] te'ksniqj&17] o"kZ 2005- 5- vkfn /je & i0 & 29 ys[kd & MkW0 eq.Mk

jken;ky] ekudh jru flag] izdk'kd& jktdeyizdk'ku] izk0fy0] ubZ fnYyh&110002] o"kZ 20096- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk mRFkku & i0 & 16] ys[kd

& MkW0 mikè;{k & jketh] izdk'kd & jke ukjk;.k yky csuh ek/o bykgkckn&2] o"kZ 19787- tkgsj cksaxk lkUrk³ dks] i0&57] ys[kd&eqewZ &

jkes'oj] izdk'kd & ekjk³cq: vkJe gksosM+k] gqxyh]prqFkZ laLdj.k&007

vè;kid] larkyh foHkkxdkyuk dkWyst] dkyuk oðZeku (i0ca0)

'kjn tks'kh us fy[kk Fkk] ^fy[kuk esjs fy, thusdh rjdhc gSA bruk fy[k ysus ds ckn vius fy[ksdks ns[k eSa flQZ ;gh dg ikrk gw¡ fd pyks] bruscjl th fy;kA ;g u gksrk rks bldk D;k fodYigksrk] vc lkspuk dfBu gSA fy[kuk esjk futh mns~';gSaA**

21 ebZ 1931 dks tUes 'kjn tks'kh us 25 lkyrd dfork ds eap ls x| ikB fd;kA og ns'k dsigys O;aX;dkj Fks] ftUgksaus igyh ckj eqacbZ esa^pdYyl* ds eap ij 1968 esa x| i<+k vkSj fdlhdfo ls vf/d yksdfiz; gq,A fcgkjh ds nksgs dhrjg 'kjn tks'kh vius O;aX; dk foLrkj ikBd ijNksM+ nsrs gSA vkt ds nkSj esa yksx O;aX; ls nwj gks jgsgS D;ksafd lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ bruh [kjkc gksrhtk jgh gS fd yksx O;aX; ds 'kCnksa esa fNih osnuk dksvfHkO;Dr djus okys dks Lohdkj djus esa fgpdusyxs gS] bl vekuoh; le; esa euq";rk vkSj fj'rksadks cpkuk t:jh gSA tc iwjh nqfu;k ,d cktkj esarCnhy gks pqdh gS] tgk¡ lc d÷N fcdkÅ gks tkusdh laHkkouk,¡ ekStwn gS] ,sls es 'kjn tks'kh ds O;aX;dh izklafxdrk c<+ tkrh gSA 'kjn tks'kh vktdy dsO;aX;dkjksa dh rjg cktkj dks ns[kdj ugha fy[krsFksA muds O;aX; ifjfLFkfrtU; gksus ds lkFk muesalkekftd ljksdkj gksrs Fks tcfd vktdy dsO;aX;dkjksa esa likVc;kuh vf/d gksrh gSA ofj"Bdfo paædkar nsorkys us Bhd dgk gS fd ^oS'ohdj.kvkSj Hkz"Vkpkj tSlh pqukSfr;ksa ds chp dksbZ ,slkO;aX;dkj ugh gS tks gesa fouksn dh ctk; pqVdhysdj txk,A**

O;aX;dkj 'kjn tks'kh vius le; ds vuwBsO;aX;dkj FksA tgk¡ ,d rjQ ikjlkbZ ds O;aX; esadM+okgV vf/d gS ogha 'kjn tks'kh ds O;aX; esadM+okgV ds lkFk gkL;] euksfouksn vkSj pqVhykiufn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks mUgsa tufiz; jpukdkj cukrk gSAvius oDr dh lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj lkaLÑfrdfolaxfr;ksa dks mUgksaus vR;ar iSuh fuxkg ls ns[kk vkSjcM+h lkQxksbZ ds lkFk mls lVhd 'kCnksa esa O;Drfd;kA mUgksaus fy[kk fd ^^fgUnh esa ikBd dh ryk'k,d ejhfpdk gS vkSj 'kqð ys[kd vkn'kZ thou dhdYiuk gSA fgUnh lkfgR; nksuksa dh vuqifLFkfr esaQøy&Qy jgk gS] ;g vius vki esa peRdkj gSA**

'kjn tks'kh dh nwjnf'kZrk dh ,d ckuxh nsf[k,tc os fy[krs gS fd ^^lkfgR;dkjksa us fiNys o"kks± esacM+s ,.Vh vkanksyu pyk;s] vdgkuh] vdfork]vukVdA exj vkxs ikBd viqLrd dk vkanksyupyk,xkA fdrkcksa ls badkj dk vkanksyu vkSj oglkfgR;dkjksa dks cM+k Hkkjh iM+sxkA** vkt latky dstky esa ge fdrkcksa ls badkj dk vkanksyu gh rkspyk jgs gSA ikBdksa us iqLrd ds ctk, bZ&iqLrdi<+uk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA

22 tuw 1975 dks 'kjn tks'kh us ^ipkl lkyckn&'kk;n* esa fy[kk fd ^^fgUnh esa n<+ fo'okl dksO;Dr djus ds fy, lcls l'kDr 'kCn 'kk;n* gh gSblfy, eSa 'kk;n* yxk jgk gw¡A muds O;aX; ys[kksa dklaxzg ^fiNys fnuksa* esa 'kjn tks'kh tgk¡ lkekftdfLFkfr;ksa dks ubZ nf"V nsrs gq, lgh fn'kk dh vksjbafxr djrs gS ogha nwljh vksj mudh rh{.krk vkSjiSusiu ls ikBd izHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA^;=k r=k loZ=k* mudh 101 O;aX; jpukvksa dk laxzggS ftls i<+us ij ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd 'kjn tks'khvius fparu vkSj ys[ku ds Lrj ij O;kid ekuoh;ljksdkjksa ds lkFk fdruh laosnu'khyrk vkSj ckSfðdl?kurk ls tqM+s gq, Fks- ledkyhu thou vkSj lektdh reke leL;kvksa vkSj folaxfr;ksa esa ,d flðgLrO;aX;dkj cgqr d÷N rksM+us vkSj cukus dh HkhrjhNViVkgV Hkh muds O;aX;kRed fuca/ laxzg ;Fkkle;*]thi ij lokj >fYy;k¡*] ^jgk fdukjs cSB* esa ns[kkvkSj i<+k tk ldrk gSA muds lEiw.kZ lkfgR; esa ls lkScsgrjhu jpuk,¡ Lo;a 'kjn tks'kh }kjk pquh gqbZ^;FkklaHko* esa ladfyr gSA viuh fpj&ifjfpr 'kkyhuHkk"kk esa os dgrs gS fd ^^eSaus fgUnh esa O;aX; lkfgR;dk vHkko nwj djus dh fn'kk esa ^;FkklaHko* iz;klfd;k gSA** ;g dguk vfr'k;ksfDr ugha gksxh fd'kjn tks'kh us fgUnh ds xaHkhj O;aX; dks djksM+ksa yksxksard igq¡pk;kA muds O;aX; laxzgksa ls xqtjrs gq, izse]lkSan;Z] jktuhfr] lkfgR;] Hkk"kk] i=kdkfjrk] uSfrdrkvkfn reke fo"k;ksa ij ikBd muds csykSl vkSj cs/d izfrfØ;k ns[k&i<+ ldrs gSaA 'kjn tks'kh us Vsyhfotuds fy, ^;s tks gS ftanxh*] foØe oSrky] flgkalucÙkhlh*] okg tukc] nsohth] I;kys esa rwQku] nkusvukj ds vkSj ;s nqfu;k xtc dh] /kjkokfgd fy[ksAbu fnuksa ^lc* pSusy ij mudh dgkfu;k¡ vkSj O;aX;vk/kfjr flVdkWe] ykirkxat izlkfjr fd;k tk jgkgS tks dkQh ljkgk Hkh x;k gSA mUgksaus NksVh lh ckr]lk¡p dks vk¡p ugha] xks/wfy] f{kfrt vkSj mRlo tSlslQy fQYeksa dh iVdFkk Hkh fy[khA 'kjn tks'kh dheR;q 23 o"kZ iwoZ 5 flracj 1991 dks eqacbZ esa gqbZ Fkhysfdu mudh yksdfiz;rk vkt Hkh oSls gh cjdjkjgS tSls muds thoudky esa FkhA muds dVk{k vkt Hkhmrus gh izklafxd gSA

'kjn tks'kh viusle; ds

vuwBs O;aX;dkj Fksjktho vkuan

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

gks Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk fo"k; esa ppkZ djusls igys ;g tkuuk vko';d gS fd Hkk"kk D;kgS\ vkSj Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk dSls gqbZ gS\ Hkk"kk dhifjHkk"kk ds fo"k; esa fo}kuksa esa erHksn jgs gSaAvc rd loZlEEkfr ls Hkk"kk dh ifjHkk"kk ugha nhtk ldh gSA

lkekU;r% Hkk"kk euq"; dh lkFkZd O;Drok.kh dks dgrs gSaA blds }kjk euq"; vius Hkkoksa]fopkjksa] vkSj Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr djrk gSA fQjHkh la?kUkkRed nf"V ls Hkk"kk&'kkfL=k;ksa tSls & ch-CykWd vkSj th- ,y- VªkWtj us Hkk"kk dks ifjHkkf"kkdjrs gq, dgk gS & ^Language is a arbitraryvocal symbols by means of which asocial group cooperates.”1 vFkkZr~ Hkk"kk;kn`fPNd okfpd èofu&ladsrksa dh og iðfrgS] ftlds }kjk ekuo ijLij fopkjksa dkvknku&iznku djrk gSA2

euq"; ds fodkl esa Hkk"kk dk cgqr cM+kegRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA vkSj blh Hkk"kk dh mRifÙkds ckjs esa lkspus vFkok bl ij rdZ&fordZ djusls] cgqr vk'p;Z yxrk gS fd Hkk"kk dh mRifÙkdc vkSj dSls gqbZ\ ge dYiuk Hkh ugha djldrss fd loZizFke ekuo eq[k ls fudyh èofu;ksadk fyfi fpUgksa ds }kjk 'kCn] okD; fQjO;kdj.k ds :i esa ifj"Ñr dj mls viusnSfud thou esa iz;ksx djus gsrq vFkZ fu/kZj.kdSls fd;k x;k gksxk\ mudh Hkkoukvksa dksO;Dr djus ds Ik'pkr~ nwljk euq"; dSls le>kgksxk\ lf"V jpuk ds Øe esa vkx] ikuh] goklfgr lw;Z] pUæek] rkjs bR;kfn dk ukedj.kekuo us fdl izdkj fd;k gksxk\ bu iz'uksa ijizkphu dky ls gh fopkj&foe'kZ gksrk vk;k gSrFkk Hkk"kk mRifÙk ds vusd flðkUr izfrikfnrfd;s x;sA fQj Hkh dksbZ fuf'pr vkSj fu.kZ;kRedmÙkj ugha fey ik;k gSA pwafd Hkk"kk mRifÙk dk

dksbZ Bksl vk/kj izkIr ugha gks ldk gSA vUrr%bUgha dkj.kks ls lok lnh iwoZ 1866 bZ- esa isfjlesa Hkk"kk &foKku ifj"kn~ (Language Sociatede Linguistique)us bl fo"k; dks gh Hkk"kkfoKku {ks=k ls ckgj ?kksf"kr fd;kA vius vf/fu;eesa funsZ'k fn;k gS&^^Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk vkSj fo'oHkk"kkfuekZ.kA** bu nks fo"k;ksa ij fopkj ugha gksxkA3[kSj og rks loZfofnr gS fd Hkk"kk gh euq"; dksvU; tho&tUrqvksa ls vyx djrh gSA vkSj Hkk"kkds }kjk gh euq"; vius lg;ksxh vFkok leqnk;ds fodkl esaa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA

gks Hkk"kk %& lf"V ds jpuk Øe esa euq"; dhmRifÙk ds lkFk gh Hkk"kk dh Hkh mRifÙk gqbZA blhØe esa Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa us gks Hkk"kk dks eq.MkHkk"kk dh ,d 'kk[kk ekuk gSA bls vkWLVªks,f'k;kfVdHkk"kk ds vUrxZr j[kkA Hkk"kk oSKkfud MkW0fnus'oj izlkn ds vuqlkj &^bl Hkk"kk dh igpkuloZizFke iSaVfLeM~V us dh FkhA* mUgksaus gh 1906esa vkWfLVªd Hkk"kk ifjokj 'kCn dk igyh ckjiz;ksx fd;k D;ksafd bl Hkk"kk ifjokj dh dYiuk&èofu] okD;&jpuk] O;kdjf.kd fo'ks"krk,¡ 'kCnlekurk ds vk/kj ij dh xbZ vkSj ;g crk;kfd bl ifjokj dh Hkk"kk,¡ eSMxkLVj ls ysdjU;wthyS.M rFkk nf{k.k vesfjdk ds rV ls izk;40 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij vofLFkr bZLVj }hileqg rd QSyh gqbZ FkhA4

gks Hkk"kk gks tutkfr;ksa dh ekrHkk"kk gSA ;gHkk"kk eq[; :Ik ls >kj[k.M jkT; ds dksYgku esadsfUær gS dksYgku ds varxZr iwohZ flagHkwe]if'peh flagHkwe] ,oa ljk;dsyk&[kjlkok¡ rdlhfer gSA blds lkFk gh [kq¡Vh] fleMsxk] jk¡ph]gtkjhckx] /uckn rFkk fcgkj ds Hkkxyiqj]iVuk] eqaxsj] vksfMlk ds e;qjHkat] D;ksa>j]tktiqj] lqUnjx<+] dVd] lEcyiqj] eè;izns'k]NÙkhlx<+ ds vykos vle rFkk i0 caxky easizpqj ek=kk esa cksyh tkrh gSaA ^gks* 'kCn dk vFkZO;kid gS& ^ekuo* vFkkZr nks iSjksa okyk thoA

blh lanHkZ esa d÷N gks fo}kuksa }kjk fuEufyf[krckrsa dgh xb± gSaA5

vksr~ xq# dksy ydks cksnjk ds vuqlkj &^^gks Hkk"kk ,d vkfn Hkk"kk gS] ftldh vfHkO;fDrnsoh&nsorkvksa ds }kjk dh tkrh gSA**

izks0 cyjke ikV fiaxqok ds vuqlkj & ^^gksHkk"kk vkfn Hkk"kk rks gS gh ;g ,d vikS#"k Hkk"kkHkh gS ekuks og bZ'ojh; Hkk"kk gSA**6

Jh dey ykspu dksM+k ds vuqlkj & ^^gksHkk"kk gks tutkfr;ksa ds }kjk cksyh tkus okyhvkfn ,oa Lora=k Hkk"kk gSA**

Jh nqxkZ ckuflag ds vuqlkj & ^^gks Hkk"kkeuq"; vkSj euq"; ds chp èofu ladsrks dsekè;e ls vkilh fopkj fofue; dk lkèku gSAgks Hkk"kk esa vkè;kfRedrk ds lkFk&lkFk ikSjkf.kdrkHkh lféfgr gSA**

MkW0 ljLorh xkxjkbZ ds vuqlkj & ^^gksHkk"kk ekuo }kjk mPpfjr èofu izrhdksa dh ogO;oLFkk gS ftlds }kjk leqnk; ds yksx viusfopkjksa dk ijLij vknku&iznku djrs gaSA budhèofu izrhdksa esa oSKkfudrk ,oa vkè;kfRedrkfufgr gSA**

gks Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk ,oa mn~Hko &gks Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk ds laca/ eas vksr~ xq#

dksy ydks cksnjk th dk ekuuk gS fd gks tkfrdh mRifÙk bl lf"V esa vk;s izFke ekuo ds }kjkgqbZ gS ftUgsa yqd÷&gM+e vkSj yqd÷&cqM+h ds ukels laKk nh xbZ gS vkSj budh mRifÙk bZ'oj dhbPNk ls gqbZ gS budk gj fØ;k&dyki bZ'oj dsbPNk ls gh gqbZ gSA blfy, bZ'oj vFkkZr~ flaxcksaxkdks loZ 'kfDreku ekuk x;k gSA xq# ydks cksnjkds vuqlkj &^^gks Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk ,d gh [k.Mesa mRié izFke ekuo ds eq[k ls fudyh èofu lsgqbZ gSA** vFkkZr~ uotkr f'k'kq dh igyh :nu;k igyh èofu ^vksok¡%* ls gqbZ gS vkSj fQj/hjs&/hjs dbZ èofu;k¡ fudyrh xbZ vkSj blh dsvk/kj ij dkykarj esa Hkk"kk Hkh curh xbZA

gks Hkk"kk dk mn~HkovkSj fodkl

t; fd'kksj eaxy

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MkW0 vkfnR; izlkn flUgk us dgk gS fd gksHkk"kk dh lkfgR;] laLÑfr] fyfi ,oa lH;rk dsd÷N va'k vkt Hkh eksgu tksnM+ks ,oa gM+IIkklaLÑfr ls dkQh feyrs tqyrs gSaA gks Hkk"kk dhfyfi czkãh fyfi ls feyrh tqyrh gSA blhdkj.k d÷N fo}kuksa us eksgutksnM+ks vkSj fla/q?kkVhlH;rk ds feyrs tqyrs vFkks± dks fuEufyf[kr:Ik esa izLrqr fd;k gS&

izpfyr uke gks fgUnheksgu tksnM+ks eks,% tks nk: Qyksa dk isM+

gM+IIkk gksM+ks jIIk% eqnkZ dks tykuk yksFky yks ru ty jgk gS

gks Hkk"kk vkt Hkh mruh gh ekSfyd :Ik esaizkdÑfrd fu;ecð 'kqð Hkk"kk gS ftruk lqnqjbZ0iw0 vKkrdky esa Fkh ftruk lqnwj bZ0iw0vKkrdky esa FkhA vkt Hkh fcuk O;kdj.k ds ghlqnqj taxyoklh bruh gh 'kqð gks Hkk"kk cksyrsgSa ftuesa dksbZ viHkza'k ugha gksrk gSA

gks Hkk"kk dk fodkl & fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dsfodkl ds fy, mlds ikl 'kCnksa dk ;Fks"VHkaMkj dk gksuk vko';d gksrk gSA gks Hkk"kk dsfodkl ds fy, Hkh loZizFke jso- ,s- uksrjksr us^^xzkej vkWQ n dksy** dh jpuk dhA tks 1905bZ0 esa th-bZ-,y- fe'ku izsl] jk¡ph }kjk izdkf'krdh xbZ FkhA7 mlds ckn gks Hkk"kk ds 'kCn dks'kdh iqLrd ^gks xzkej* fy;ksuy cjks }kjk 1915

bZ0 esa fy[kh xbZA8 bls gks Hkk"kk dk igyk'kCndks'k ekuk tkrk gSA blds ckn 1975 bZ0 esaQknj ts- Msuh- us ^^gks xzkej ,.M oksdkcqyjh**'kh"kZd iqLrd tsfo;j ifCyds'ku] lar tsfo;lZgkbZ Ldøy] pkbZcklk }kjk izdkf'kr fd;kA bldsckn izks0 czt fcgkjh d÷ekj }kjk ^^fgUnh gksdks'k** uked 'kCndks'k dk izdk'ku ukxkyS.MHkk"kk ifj"kn }kjk 1982 bZ0 esa fd;k ftlesafgUnh ds vusd 'kCnksa dks gks Hkk"kk esa izLrqrfd;k x;k gSA

bl izdkj ^gks* 'kCndks'k ds ys[ku vkSjizdk'ku dh fn'kk esa vusd egRoiw.kZ dk;Zfons'kh fo}kuksa ds }kjk gksus ds ckn dkykarj esaxSj gks ,oa gks lHkh rjg ds yksxksa vFkok fo}kuvusd O;kdj.kkas ,oa lkfgR; dh jpuk djus dhfn'kk esa dne c<+k pqds gSaA vkt gks Hkk"kk dhviuh fyfi ^okja f{kfr* ds fodkl gksus ls gksHkk"kk ds lkfgR; fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa rsth vkbZgSA vusd ys[kdksa] dfo;ksa ,oa lkfgR;dkjksa }kjknsoukxjh] mfM;k] ckaXyk o okjaf{kfr fyfi lsys[ku dk;Z py jgk gSA fujarj gks Hkk"kk&lkfgR;fodkl ds iFk ij vxzlj gSA

lanHkZ lwph %&1- MkW- vkfnR; izlkn flUgk] gks Hkk"kk vkSj

lkfgR; dk bfrgkl 20022- dksy ydks cksnjk] gks ckd.kk

3- dksy ydks cksnjk] iksEiks v{kj foKku4- dkfrZd pUæ ckvk¡nk] dksy rFkk gks Hkk"kk jks O;kdj.k caxyk] 2006-5- MkW- HkksykukFk frokjh] Hkk"kk foKku 20096- MkW- dfiynso f}osnh] Hkk"kk &foKku ,oa Hkk"kk &'kkL=k 2006-7- J.Deeney,S.J. Ho Grammar and Vocabulary, 2002-

(Footnotes)1 Out line of linguistic analysis, p.52 Hkk"kk foKku ,oa Hkk"kk 'kkL=k] MkW- dfiy

f}osnh] ist&303 Ho Jesperson : language; Page 964 gks Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] MkW-

vkfnR; izlkn flUgk] ist la&235 MkW- ljLorh xkxjkbZ] gks Hkk"kk dk Hkk"kk

oSKkfud v?;;u] (vizdkf'kr 'kks?k izca/) i-la&746- gks Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] MkW-

vkfnR; izlkn flUgk] ist la&338 gks Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] MkW-

vkfnR; izlkn flUgk] ist la&33'kks/kFkhZ

tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkxjk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZdh ,sfrgkfld thr ijflagHkwe lalnh; {ks=ds ernkrkvksa dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ

lat; feJftyk mikè;{k] Hkktik

i0 flagHkwe

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

vkfndky dh ,d tutkfr tks Hkkjro"kZdh /jrh ij çphu dky ls fuokl djrh vkjgh gS] eq.Mk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh gSA bltutkfr dk fuokl oÙkZeku esa eè; ,oa iwohZHkkjrh; jkT;ksa tSls &>kj[k.M] mM+hlk] if'pecaxky] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] fcgkj] vle ,oavUMeku&fudksckj }hi lewg esa ns[kus dks feyrkgSA ijUrq budk loZkf/d clko >kj[k.M jkT;ds jk¡ph] [kw¡Vh ftyksa ds lkFk&lkFk mM+hlk dsmÙkjh ,oa if'pe caxky ds if'pe ,oa nf{k.kif’pe esa vf/d gSaA

eq.Mk dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksM+ks (euq";)@(gkrq) xkseds (xzke ç/ku)@ eq.Mk Hkk"kk cksyusokyk@eq.Mk tkfr ,oa vf"Vªd Hkk"kk dh Hkk"kkgSA tux.kuk 2001 ds vuqlkj >kj[k.M jkT;esa eq.Mkvksa dh tula[;k 10]49]767 gSA Hkkjro"kZds vU; jkT;ksa dh eq.Mk tula[;k dks tksM+us ijbudh tula[;k yxHkx 15 ls 20 yk[k dsvkl&ikl ;k blls Hkh T;knk gks ldrh gSA MkWŒlqHkk"k pUæ eq.Mk ds vuqlkj &fcgkj esa lu~1961 dh tux.kukuqlkj fgUnh cksyus okyksa dhla[;k 2]05]67]775 gS vkSj eq.Mkjh cksyusokyksa dh la[;k& 3]81]913 gSA fgUnh cksyusokys eq[;r% mÙkj fcgkj esa gS vkSj eq.Mkjhcksyus okys eq[; :i ls NksVkukxiqj ds jk¡phftys esa ik;s tkrs gSaA Hkkjro"kZ esa fcgkj dsvfrfjDr] eè; çns'k] vkU/zçns'k] mM+hlk] iatkc]caxky] fgekpy çns'k] vaMeku&fudksckj }hilewg] f=kiqjk rFkk mÙkj&iwjc lhekUr çns'kksa esafNV&iqV :i ls eq.Mk tutkfr vkSj eq.Mkjhcksyus okys yksx gSaA bl çdkj lEiw.kZ Hkkjro"kZesa eq.Mkjh cksyus okyksa dh la[;k yxHkx7]36]324 gSA (1961 dh tux.kukuqlkj)

eq.Mk tutkfr esa fcjlk eq.Mk ds cknnwljs egkuk;d MkW0 jken;ky eq.Mk Fks ftUgksaus;gk¡ dh laLÑfr dks foÜo Hkj esa QSyk;kA MkW0eq.Mk ,d xjhc ?kj ls FksA mUgksaus çkjfEHkd

f'k{kk ywFksjsu fe'ku Ldøy] veys'kk ,oa ,l-,l-gkbZ Ldøy] [kw¡Vh ls ekè;kfed f'k{kk fQjch-,- o ,e-,- ,uFk zk sik syk sth es a jk ¡phfoÜofo|ky;] jk¡ph ls çkIr dhA MkW0 eq.Mk usf'kdkxks foÜofo|ky;] f'kdkxks] vesfjdk ls,e-,- rFkk ih,p-Mh- dh mikèkh çkIr dh ,oaogk¡ ij ,lksfl,V çksQslj dh ukSdjh 1970&80rd dhA ijUrq mUgsa vius eq.Mk] vkfnoklh vkSj>kj[kf.M;ksa dh xjhch] ykpkjh us >kj[k.Mvkus ij etcwj fd;kA ;gk¡ ij mUgksaus eq.MklkfgR; dks leð djus dk dke fd;kA vkfnèkje tSls xzaFkksa dh jpuk dh tks eq.Mk lekt dhèkkfeZd igpku dks ubZ igpku fnykus esa dkQhlgk;d flð gks ldrh gSA

Hkkjr ds f}rh; jk"Vªifr MkWŒ loZiYyhjk/kÑ".ku Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ls vksr&çksrvkLFkkoku fgUnw vkSj ,d egku nk'kZfud FksAjk/kÑ".ku dh çkjafHkd f'k{kk fr:r.kh esa gqbZAmPp f'k{kk çkIr djus ds fy, mUgksaus eækl dsfØf'p;u dkWyst esa nkf[kyk fy;kA eækl dkfØf'p;u dkWyst vius le; dk ,d çflðdkWyst FkkA

fe'kujh laLFkkvksa esa f'k{kk çkIr djus ijjk/kÑ".ku dh vaxzsth Hkk"kk ij idM+ vPNh gksxbZA nwljh vksj blls Hkh vf/d egRoiw.kZ çHkko;g gqvk fd mUgsa fgUnw /eZ vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfrds lEcU/ esa lkspus dk volj çkIr gqvkA

bZlkbZ fe'kujh fgUnw /eZ vkSj Hkkjrh;lekftd jhfr&fjoktksa dh vykspuk djrs FksA osbZlkbZ /eZ dks Js"B vkSj fgUnw /eZ dks fuÑ"Vcrkdj xjhc vkSj vlgk; fganqvksa dks /ek±rj.kds fy, mldkrs FksA jk/kÑ".ku vius LoHkkods dkj.k ,dkar esa bl fo"k; ij lkspk djrs FksA/hjs&/hjs muds eu esa fgUnw /eZ vkSj laLÑfr dsçfr xoZ dh Hkkouk tkxzr gksus yxhA

fØf'p;u dkWyst ls chŒ,Œ dh ijh{kkikl djus ds ckn jk/kÑ".ku us n'kZu'kkL=kfo"k; ysdj mlh dkWyst esa ,eŒ,Œ esa nkf[kykys fy;kA mlh nkSjku Lokeh foosdkuan dh ç[kj?kks"k.kk us Hkkjrh; ;qokoxZ esa vkRelEeku dhHkkouk tkxzr~ dj nhA bl rjg ,d vlk/kj.k

ç[kj O;fDrRo dk mn; MkWŒ loZiYyh jk/kÑ".kuds :i esa gqvkA

eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa dh igpku ns'k ,oafons'k esa yxHkx ugha ds cjkcj gSA bldk dkj.kgS bl vkfnoklh lekt ds chp f'k{kk dkvHkkoA ;s vf/dka'k vf'kf{kr ,oa fuj{kj gSaAmPp f'k{kk çkIr fd;s yksx rks fcjys gh feyrsgSaA

eq.Mk vkfnoklh lekt ds chp tc geigq¡prs gSa rks ge ikrs gSa fd ;s yksx viuhlakLÑfrd rRoksa tSls& thou&;kiu lEcfU/rdk;ks± u`R;&laxhr] ok|;a=k] Hkk"kk&lkfgR;]ioZ&R;k sgkj] jhfr&fjokt] /eZ vkfn dhf'k{kk&nh{kk oa'k&nj&oa'k ekSf[kd lkfgR;@ijEijkds ekè;e ls latksdj j[krs gSaA ijUrq ekSf[kdlkfgR;@ijEijk vc vk/qfudrk ,oa fodkldh vka/h esa /hjs&/hjs yqIr gks jgh gSA bldsvykos eq.Mk yksx vKkurk ds dkj.k viuhlaLÑfr dks Hkwy dj nwljh tkfr ,oa tutkfr;ksadh laLÑfr dks viuk jgs gSaA ftl dkj.k budhlakLÑfrd igpku [krjs esa iM+rh utj vk jghgSA

cgqr de yksx gh ;g tkurs gSa fd bltutkfr ds chp fgUnw] blkbZ] eqlfye] ckSð]tSu tSls /eks± ds vykok budk viuk vyx,d /eZ gS] ftls ;s yksx ßljuk ;k lalkj /eZ**ds uke ls lEcksf/r djrs gSaA budh viuhvyx iwtk LFky gksrk gSA ftls t;j ;k ljukLFky dgrs gSaA tgk¡ buds loZJs"B nsorkflax@fl³cksaxk fuokl djrs gSA ;g t;j ;kljuk LFky og txg gksrk gS] tgk¡ l[kqvk(lky) ds vykok vU; cgqr ls isM+&ikS/s gksrsgSaA ftudh iwtk gksrh gS ,oa budks dkVuk ,oau"V djuk fu"ks/ gksrk gSA

eq.Mkvksa esa fl³cksaxk ç/ku ,oa Js"B nsorkgSaA blds vykos buds nwljs LFkku ds nsork gSa]cq:cksaxk (igkM+h&nsork)] bfdj cksaxk (tynsork) ,oa iqj[kksa dh vkRek tks eR;q ds ckn ?kjds nsork cu tkrs gSA blds vykok buds vusdvPNs ,oa cqjs nsork gksrs gSaA ftls os iwtk&ikBds ekè;e ls 'kkUr j[krs gSaA

eq.Mkvksa esa fo}kuksa ds/kkfeZd fopkj

'kkfUr ukx

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'kks/ vkys[k

bl çdkj gesa ns[kus dks feyrk gS fdeq.Mkvksa ds /eZ&n'kZu esa çÑfr dks egRo fn;kx;k gSA vkt ds le; esa tgk¡ iwjk fo'o çÑfrdks cpkus dh fpUrk esa Mqck gSA çkÑfrd i;koZj.kdks cuk, j[kus ds fy, vjcksa&[kjcksa #i;s [kpZdj jgk gSA ogha ;s eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa }kjklfn;ksa ls /eZ ds :i esa çkÑfrd i;koZj.k dhiwtk djrs vk, gSaA taxy] igkM+] unh] iks[kj dhj{kk djrs vk;s gSA bl ckr dh iqf"V gesa MkWŒjke n;ky eq.Mk dh ml dFkuh ls feyrh gSftlesa dgk gS fd & ßge mu ls Hkh T;knkvk/qfud gSa tks vkt ds fnu çÑfr dh j{kkdjus dh ckrsa dj jgsa gSaA ge rks çphu dky lsgh çÑfr dks egRo nsrs vk jgs gSaAÞ

MkWŒ loZiYyh jk/kÑ".ku ds dFkukuqlkj &ß/eZ ,d oSf'od fo'okl ugha jg tkrh gSvxj ;g oSf'od ekuo dk fuekZ.k ugha djrkgSAÞ

;g dFku eq.Mk vkfnoklh ds /ekZuqlkjns[kus ij lgh tku iM+rk gS D;ksafd buds /eZesa fo'o ekuo tkfr dks ge fdl çdkj çÑfrds dgj ls cpk ldrs gSa bl ij gh dsfUær gSAtSls& ty] taxy] tehu vkSj tho&txr dschp dSls lkeatL; LFkkfir fd;k tk lds blhdks dsUæ ekudj çÑfr dks iwT; /eZ ds :i esaekurs vk, gSaA

MkW0 loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku ds ,d vkSjdFku & ^^èkeZ dh 'kfä gh thou dh 'kfä gSAèkeZ dh nf"V gh thou dh n`f"V gS] lVhdcSBrh gS tSls eq.Mkvksa ds erkuqlkj iwoZtksa dksnso bl fy, ekuk tkrk gS fd muds }kjk vPNhckras ftlls lekt rFkk ekuo dY;k.k dh ckrsa,oa thou dks dSls lQy cuk;k tk ldrk gSbldh tkudkjh dk vuqHko vius thou dkyesa lh[k&nsrs jgrs gaSA ftlls eq.Mk lekt dksmudk Kku vk'khokZn Lo#i çkIr gks ldsA bldsvykok bl èkjrh ij tks çÑfr ds fouk'k lsekuo dks gkfu gksxh mls dSls cpk;k tk lds];gh lksp èkeZ ds :i esa >ydrh gaSA

vHkh gky ds d÷N o"kks± esa ([kkl djvaxzstksa ds vkxeu ds ckn) eq.Mk tutkfr dsd÷N yksx xjhch] vKkurk o vf'k{kk ds dkj.kfe'ku èkeZ dks viuk fy;k gSA lkFk gh lkFk buesans[kus dks feyk gS fd vf'k{kk ;k mPp f'k{kkdh deh ds dkj.k vius èkeZ ds lqUnj xq.kksa dksigpku ugha ik jgs gSA ftl dkj.k ls ;s Hkwy o'kvius èkeZ dks fganw èkeZ ekuus yxsa gSA ijUrq ;glR; ls ijs gS D;ksafd budh iwtk&vpZuk] èkkfeZdjhfr&fjokt] usx&tksx fganw èkeZ ls ,dne vyxgSA bl ckr dh iqf"V ys[kd vejnhi gksjks dhiqLrd& eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa dk lekt] laLÑfr

vkSj bfrgkl* esa feyrh gSA gekjs ns'k esa èkeZ&n'kZudks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA(d) bZÜojh; rRoksa ds Åij] tSls —hlrku èkeZ,oa blyke èkeZA ([k) ekuoh rRoksa ds Åij]tSls ckSð èkeZ ,oa fgUnw èkeZA (x) çkÑfrd èkeZtSls vkfnokfl;ksa dk èkeZA ;s yksx çÑfr dhmikluk djrs gSa tSls unh&ukyk] isM+&ikSèks] lw;ZbR;kfnA bflfy, ewfrZ&iwtk ;k fdlh oLrq&iwtkdk pyu eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa esa ugha gSA blhçdkj vHkh gky ds le; esa eq.Mk tutkfr dsyksx dbZ èkeks± tSls& fgUnw] bLyke] cksð] tSu]lrlax] fcjlkbr vkfn èkeks± dks eku jgs gaSAijUrq vHkh Hkh eq.Mkvksa dh ,d cM+h la[;kviuh çkphu ljuk ;k lalkj èkeZ dks dêjrk dslkFk ekurh gSA

MkW0 loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku ds dFkkuqlkj&^^èkeZ ls dêjrk] ijEijk ,oa ikSjkf.kdrk dksvyx dj nsuk mls [kks[kyk dj nsuk gSA ;ghckr eq.Mk tutkfr ij Hkh ykxw gksrh gSA vxjeq.Mk tutkfr vius èkeZ dh egkurk dks ughaigpkurh gS vkSj èkeZ ds fy, dêjrk] ijEijk,oa ikSjkf.kdrk dks ugha laHkky ldsxh rks ;geq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa dk ljuk@lalkj èkeZ èkhjs&èkhjsyqIr gks tk,xkA

vxj MkW0 loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku ds ,ddFku& ^foÜo dh lH;rkvksa ds fodkl esa èkeZ,d çeq[k dkjd jgk gS] dks eq.Mk tutkfr;ksa}kjk è;ku esa ugha j[kk tk,xk rks eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksadh èkkfeZd igpku bfrgkl ds d÷Nsd iéksa esa ghfleV dj jg tk,xh ,oa budh èkkfeZd igpkugh [kRe gks tk,xhA

ftl rjg MkW0 loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku us fganwèkeZ dk çpkj&çlkj iwjh nqfu;k esa csèkM+dfd;k] mlh çdkj eq.Mk tutkfr leqnk; lsljuk@lalkj èkeZ ds fy, MkW0 jken;ky eq.Mk usHkh ç;kl fd;k FkkA mudh fy[kh iqLrd^vkfnèkeZ% Hkkjrh; vkfnokfl;ksa dh èkkfeZdvkLFkk,¡) çkDdFku esa fuEu ckrs mtkxj gksrhgSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku us vkfnokfl;ksa dks ,dfof'k"V leqnk; ds :i esa ekU;rk nh gS vkSjmudh lqj{kk vkSj fodkl ds fy, dbZ çkoèkkufd, gS fdUrq èkeZ ds ekeys esa mlus ;g Lora=krkns j[kh gS fd tks ftl èkeZ dk vuqlj.k djukpkgs djsA O;ogkj esa] tSlk fd t.kx.kuk dsvkadM+ks ls irk pyrk gS] vkfnoklh dh viuhèkkfeZd igpku ugha ds cjkcj gSA x.kuk ç.kkyhesa vcrd vU; èkeks±& fganw] eqfLye] flD[k]bZlkbZ bR;kfn& dh rjg viuh èkkfeZd igpkuntZ djus ds fy, dksbZ fuf'pr txg u ikdjvkfnokfl;ksa dks vU;* ds gh varxZr fxukus dsfy, ckè; gksuk iM+rk gSA ifj.kker% vkfnokfl;ksa

ds èkkfeZd&vkLFkk&foÜoklksa esa eksVs rkSj ij lekurkgksus ij Hkh gj leqnk; viuh èkkfeZd igpkuvius&vius fglkc ls vyx&vyx crkrk jgkgSA mnkgj.k ds fy, xr 1991 dh tux.kuk esavkfnokfl;ksa dh èkkfeZd igpku lkjuk] lkfj]lalkjh] tkgsj bR;kfn 53 ukeksa ls ntZ gqbZ gSA mulcdks tksM+us ij vkfnoklh dh d÷y 8 djksM+vkcknh esa budh la[;k ek=k 54]24]650 gksrhgSA ;g ,d Hkkjh voewY;u gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dkd÷N fgLlk bZlkbZ] eqfLye vkSj ckSð erkoyachgks x;k gSA ml lkjh vkcknh] djhc 2 djksM+]dks vyx dj fn;k tk, rks ckdh djhc 5-5djksM+ dh igpku fganw ds :i esa gh dj nh x;hgS] tksfd lgh ugha gSA gekjk ekuuk gS fdvkfnokfl;ksa dh ewy èkkfeZd igpku fgUnw]eqfLye] flD[k] bZlkbZ ls vyx gh gSA bu èkeks±esa ls gj ,d ds lkFk vkfnokfl;ksa ds èkkfeZdfoÜoklksa dh lekurk d÷N va'kksa esa gks ldrh gS]fdUrq fgUnw& tSlk gksuk vkSj fcyd÷y fgUnw gksuknksukas ,d ckr ugha gS tSlk fd vHkh ekudjpyk tk jgk gSA bl rjg ls vkfnoklh dsèkkfeZd oSf'k"V dks fcydqy gh vuns[kk djmlds lkFk vU;k; fd;k tk jgk gSA

bl rjg eq.Mk vkfnoklh lekt dks MkW-jken;ky eq.Mk ,oa MkW0 loZiYyh jkèkkÑ.kutSls egku fopkjksa dks le>uk gksxk vkSj viuhxfjek] vfLerk] èkeZ] laLÑfr dks cpkus ds fy,ç;kljr jguk gksxkA eq.Mk vkfnoklh ;k vU;Hkkjrh; vkfnoklh lekt ds yksxksa dks viuhlaLÑfr ,oa vfLrRo dks cpkus ds fy, mPpf'k{kk çkIr dj tkx:d gksus dh t:jr gSAftlls Hkkjrh; vkfnokfl;ksa dks viuh igpkufey ldsA

lanHkZ lwph& 1- eSa jkèkkÑ".ku cksy jgk gw¡] ys[kd& la0

t;Jh] i0& 67] 68] 70] 71- çdk'kd % çHkkr isijcSDl4@99 vljQ vyh jksM] ubZ fnYyh- 2012-

2- vkfnèkeZ%] ys[kd& MkW0 jken;ky eq.Mk i0& 3] 4- çdk'kd % >kj[k.M çdk'ku] jk¡ph Hkkjrh;vkfnokfl;ksa dh èkkfeZd vkLFkk,¡] twu 2000-

3- iapijxuk ds eq.Mkvks ij fgUnw èkeZ dk çHkko]ys[kd& MkW0 lqHkk"k paæ eq.Mk] i`0&22- çdk'kd& lqM+klkaxsu dkWyst jksM] rkÅ] cqaMw] jk¡ph- 2003-

4- eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa dk lekt] laLÑfr vkSjbfrgkl] ys[kd& vejnhi gksjks] i`0&16-

5- Radhakrishnan Religion and Culture]Author&S. Radhakrishnan. P u b l i s h e r &Orient Paperbacks. 1968

6- Radhakrishnan Indian Religion ThoughtAuthor& S-Radhakrishnan, P u b l i s h e r -Orient Paperbacks.

'kks/ Nk=kk]tutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkxjk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡phA

ISSN 2231-3079

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'kks/ vkys[k

isM+ ds u, iÙkksa esa lknk pkoy vkSj lknkmM+n ds nky dks idk dj mldh iwtk dhtkrh gS rFkk mldk lsou fd;k tkrk gSAeq.Mkvksa dk ekuuk gS fd tc rd lky dsiÙkksa dk iwtk lqM+k&lkaxsu ds :i esa ugha djfy;k tkrk gS rc rd u, lky ds iÙkksa dkç;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA rhljs vkSj vafrefnu ck&usx* euk;k tkrk gSA bl fnu l[kqvkds Qøy dh iwtk gksrh gS ,oa laè;k ds le;bldk foltZu fd;k tkrk gSA dgk tkrk gSfd ck usx ls igys eq.Mk l[kqvk Qøy dks?kj ds vanj ugha ykrs gSaA

eq.Mkvkas ds }kjk lky ds o{k dks bruhvfèkd ekU;rk feyus ds vusd dkj.k gSa&

1& eq.Mk yksd dFkk ds vuqlkj&(d) dgk tkrk gS fd vkt ls cgqr igys

fdlh ;ð es vufxur eq.Mk 'kghn gq,A bu'kghn gq, yksxksa dks ,d cM+s ls xïs esa nQukfn;k x;kA d÷N fnuksa ckn ogk¡ ij ,d dkQhlqUnj] etcwr lky@l[kqvk dk isM+ fudyvk;kA bl o{k ij cgqr vfèkd lqugjs Qøyo u, dksey iÙks fudy vk,A bl o{k dksns[kdj eq.Mkvksa us ekuk fd bl isM+ ijgekjs 'kghn iwoZtksa dh tku (vkRek) Qøy]iÙkksa es cny xbZ gSA bl dkj.k eq.Mkvksa usvius 'kghn iwoZtksa ds lEeku esa ljgqy eukuk'kq: fd;kA

([k) nwljh dFkk ds vuqlkj vkt lsdkQh le; igys] fdlh ,d yM+kbZ esa eq.Mkyksx vius yksxksa dks igpkuus ds fy, l[kqvkQøy ds Mky ,oa u, iÙkksa dks [kqn ij ck¡èkfy, FksA bl yM+kbZ esa cgqr ls eq.Mk 'kghngq,A 'kghnkas dks nQuk;k x;kA ijUrq 'kghnksadh la[;k cgqr vfèkd gksus ds dkj.k cgqrksadks nQuk;k ugha tk ldk] ftl dkj.k'kghnksa dk 'kjhj lM+us yxk vkSj mlls cncwvkus yxhA ,sls le; esa bu 'kghnks ds 'koksadks l[kqvk ds Qøyksa ls nQuk;k x;kA ckn estc l[kqvk ds Qøy Hkh de iM+us yxs rc

>kj[k.M dh eq.Mk tutkfr;ksa esalky@l[kqvk ds o{k dk egRo cgqr vfèkdgSA eq.Mk yksx lky@l[kqvk dks ^ljtkse*dgrs gSA lky o{k dk egRo buds chp brukvfèkd gS fd bl o{k dh iwtk Hkh bu yksxksads }kjk dh tkrh gSA buds çeq[k iwtk LFky^t;j* esa cM+s&cM+s iqjkus lky ds isM+ gksrs gStgk¡ buds Js"B nsork fl³cksaxk dk fuoklLFkku gksrk gSA eq.Mkvkas }kjk lky dk ,d&,dHkkx tSls iÙkk] Qøy] Mkyh vkfn dk mi;ksxiwtk esa fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr dgk tk, rkslky dk iwjk o{k gh buds fy, nsork dsleku gSA

eq.Mk tutkfr;ksa }kjk ljgqy ioZ(ck&usx) euk;k tkrk gS] ftlesa lky dsiÙkksa] Qøy] Mkyh ;k dgk tk, rks iwjs isM+dh gh iwtk gksrh gSA

eq.Mkvksa }kjk ljgqy (ck&usx) pSR;vekoL;k ds ckn fn[krs pk¡n ds ik¡pos fnudks euk;k tkrk gSA ijUrq eq.Mkvksa ds chpbl R;ksgkj dks ik¡pos fnu ;k mlds vkl&ikldk dksbZ 'kqHk fnu tks budh lqfoèkk dsvuqlkj gksrk gS dks fuèkkZfjr dj euk;k tkrkgSA >kj[k.M dh jktèkkuh jk¡ph esa rks blR;ksgkj dks rhljs fnu gh euk;k tkrk gSA blvolj ij >kj[k.M ljdkj }kjk nks fnuksadh ljdkjh Nøêh gksrh gSA

ljgqy R;ksgkj dks eq.Mk yksx g¶rksa Hkjeukrs gS ijUrq ;g R;ksgkj eq[;r% rhu fnuksadk gksrk gSA igyk fnu ^gb&dM+dkse*] nwljsfnu ^lqM+k&lkaxsu* rFkk rhljs fnu ^ljtkseck* dk gksrk gSA gb&dM+dkse ds fnu eNyhvkSj dsdM+s dks idk;k tkrk gS ,oa fl³cksaxkvkSj vU; nsorkvksa dks HksaV p<+kdj mldklsou fd;k tkrk gSA lqM+k&lkaxsu ds fnu lky

l[kqvk ds iÙkksa ls mUgsa nQuk;k x;kA blrjg 'kghnksa ds er 'kjhj ds xUèk dks [kRefd;k x;k ,oa egkekjh tSls Hk;adj chekjhls cpk tk ldkA bl rjg dh lqanj vkSjxq.kdkjh ckrksa dks ns[kdj eq.Mk yksxksa uslky o{k dh iwtk 'kq: dh vkSj ljgqy (ckusx) eukus yxsA

2- eq.Mk yksd xhrksa ds vuqlkj %eq.Mk yksx ljgqy ds le; eghuksa vius

ds xk¡o v[kM+k esa fcrkrs gSA bl le; tknqj]vksj&tknqj o xsuk tSls tks'khys] meax Hkjs]eè;e fLFkj ,oa fLFkj xhr&uR; fnu&jkrpyrs gSA bl le; xk, tkus okys xhrksa esal[kqvk ds Qwy rFkk u, iÙkksa dk gh vfèkdftØ feyrk gSA tSls mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij ;gyksdfç; tknqj xhr ns[kk tk ldrk gS & eq.Mkjh fgUnhfrfl³ nks lksUtksdks vkt lkSHkkX; lstkstks jsxs gb dks beyh ds jl eas eNyhxik nks lksUtksdks (vkSj) dy la;ksxo'kxksVk jEckM+k (iwjs) mM+n dh nky(idkbZ tk,¡xh)fpdks esusxs fdl fy,esjs dks esusxs (vkSj) fdl fy,xksVk jEckM+k (iwjs) mM+n dh nky(idkbZ tk,xh)ljtkse ck ukxsusxs lk[kw ds Qøy ds fy, (miy{; esa)tkstks jsxs gb dks beyh ds jl es eNyhlqM+k lkaxsu ukxsusxs (vkSj) u, dksiyksa ds fy, (miy{; esa)xksVk jEckM+k (iwjs) mM+n dh nky (idkbZ tk,xh)

3- eq.Mk tutkfr ds chp lky ds o{kdh t:jr ,oa foKku ds n`f"Vdks.k dsvuqlkj&

eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp dkQh le;ls gh lky ds o{k jgs gSA eq.Mk vkfnoklhges'kk ls lky ds taxy ls viuh t:jrksa dksiwjk djrs vk, gS] tSls &

(d) tykou ds fy, ydM+h ,oa iÙksA([k) iÙky] nksuk ds fy, iÙksA(x) isM+ ds nwèk ls nwuk (èkqou) feyrk gSA(?k) Nky ls jLlh] nokbZ;k¡ vkfn curh gSA(³) Qy ls f[kpM+h] pkWdysV ,oa nokbZ;k¡ curh gSA(p) ?kj cukus ds fy, etcwr ydM+h

eq.Mk lkfgR;esa ljtkse

tqju flag ekudh

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'kks/ vkys[k

'ks"k Hkkx i`"B 41 ij

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZdh ,sfrgkfld thr ijflagHkwe lalnh; {ks=ds ernkrkvksa dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ

jktq izlkn dlsjkokMZ ik"kZn] okMZ la0 & 6

pØ/jiqj

17

09661487725

,oa njoktk] f[kM+dh o lksQk vkfn ds fy,ydM+h feyrh gSA

(N) bldh tM+ ls feêh dk dVko :drkgS] ftl dkj.k Hkwfe dh mjoZrk cuh jgrh gSA

(t) bl isM+ es o"kkZ djkus dh {kerkgksrh gS] ftl dkj.k o"kkZ vPNh gksrh gSA

(>) vkDlhtu tSlh xSl feyrh gS ,oaiFoh ds okrkoj.k dks lkQ j[krh gSA

(×k) Qwy ls eèkq dk jl vkSj eueksgd[kq'kcw feyrh gSA

(V) èkwi ls cpus ds fy, Nk;k ,oa BaMhgok çkIr gksrh gSA

bl rjg ls lky ds o{k esa og rkdrvkSj iwT;uh; ckrsa gSa ftlij iwjh nqfu;k dstho txr o ekuo txr dh ftUnxh fuHkZjdjrh gSA

bu lHkh xq.kdkjh ckrksa dks eq.Mk yksxksa}kjk igpku fy;k x;k vkSj lky ds o{k dhiwtk dh tkus yxhA t;j (ljuk LFky) dsuke ls taxy dks cpkus dh budh lkspdkQh vkèkqfud gS] D;ksafd vHkh gky dso"kks± esa iwjh nqfu;k ;g lksp jgh gS fd nqfu;kdks Xykscy okfe±x ls dSls cpk;k tk,A lHkhns'kksa es de ls de 33izfr'kr taxy cpkus

dh ckr gksrh gSA ,sls es bueq.Mk yksxksa dh lksp dks orZekule; esa dkQh mi;ksxh ekuktk ldrk gSA budh lksp lsnqfu;k dks çsj.kk ysus dh t:jrgS rkfd ge iFoh dh yEchvk;q dks cjdjkj j[k ldsaA

lanHkZ xzaFk %1- ck¡lqjh ct jgh] ys[kd&

Jh txnh'k f=kxq.kk;r] i0&166] 167] 168] 1692- eq.Mk] ys[kd& lksek flag

eq.Mk] i0& 193- eq.Mk vkfnokfl;ksa dk

lekt] laLÑfr vkSj bfrgkl]ys[kd& vejnhi gksjks] i0&23] 244- eq.Mk dksv% lalfdj]

ys[kd& ,l-Mh-ch- tqlcdaMqyuk] i0& 23] 24

'kksèk Nk=ktutkrh; ,oa {ks=kh; Hkk"kk foHkkx jk¡ph foÜofo|ky;] jk¡ph

ISSN 2231-3079

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iqLrd leh{kk

dh lkekftd xqfRFk;k¡ tks orZeku ds ckSfðd eudks O;kd÷y djrh gSa dSyk'kifr esa lek/ku ikxbZ gSaA lqy> xbZ gSaA ^dSyk'kifr* ds }kjkmiU;kldkj ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh us dbZ&dbZekuoh; laosnukvksa vkSj laca/ksa ds vfHkizk;ksa dksuohu vFkZ iznku fd;k gSA blesa izkphure vk;Z&vuk;Z dh lefUor Nfo;k¡ fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSaA

pfj=kksa ds }a} vkSj fojks/kHkklksa dh ,slhfojy ;kstuk dSyk'kifr* esa gqbZ gS] ftlls xqehgqbZ euq";rk viuh igpku dh ubZ ifj.kfr rdigq¡pus ds fy, izLrqr gks tkrh gSA euksofÙktfur izR;sd vlgefr dks lgefr ds fdukjsrd dSyk'kifr* dh ps"Vk,¡ igq¡pkrh gSaA ltZukRedlaokn vkSj jpukRed vkReh;rk bl miU;kl dhfo'ks"krk gSA lf"V dh vo/kjuk dk ewy ;g gSfd lHkh izdkj dh tM+rk] cðewyrk mÙkjksÙkjpsru lÙkk f'ko esa ifj.kr gks] lf"V ds fofHkéLoRoksa vkSj Lo:iksa dh futh fØ;kvksa dk f'koesa] yksdeaxy esa] foltZu vfuok;Z gSA dSyk'kifr*dk ;g nk'kZfud vfHkizsr lEHko gSA

^dSyk'kifr* dh Hkk"kk rjy] fojy]izokge;h] LQøfrZiw.kZ] mNyrh&dønrh lgt&lgt'kCnksa dks da/s ij cSBk dj ,d okRlY;e;h ek¡dh rjg mRlkg ls vkxs c<+rh tkrh gSA dgha&dghanq:g rRle 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA tSls ifjPNn]o `Ur] miR;d] O;wgflð] rq"kkjkPNkfnr]of"V&Lukr] izÑfr] bR;kfn tSls 'kCn d÷N dfBuvo'; gks x, gSa] fdUrq ,sls 'kCnksa ds fcuk

^dSyk'kifr*

,d iz[;kr O;aX;dkj ftlus vc rd dsthou esa ntZuksa O;aX; dh iqLrdsa ,oa O;aX;&leh{kkdh iqLrdsa fy[kh gks] dbZ dbZ vU; fo/kvksa dhleh{kk&iqLrdksa dk ltu dj vius dks lk/k gks]og miU;klksa ds vUnkt esa miU;kl Hkh fy[kkjpk gS] ^dSyk'kifr* us ckysUnq'ks[kj frokjh dhjpukRed izfrHkk dks izekf.kr fd;k gSA

^dSyk'kifr* fopkjksÙkstd] ubZ lkef;dlksp vkSj ubZ nf"V ls ;qDr ikSjkf.kd miU;klgSA bldh dk;k esa feFkdh; vUroZLrq dh psrukvfHkO;fDrxr vopsruk ls ,dkdkj gqbZ gSAlekt ds :ikUrj.k dh izfØ;k] ftlls gksdjO;fDr vkSj lewg thrk gS] vH;kl vkSj ifjos'kns'k vkSj le; dk vuqorZu djrs gq, cnyrsjgrk gSA yksdekul viuh gh ml LohÑfr dksle> ugha ikrk] ftlesa lkekftd lÙkk feFkdh;lÙkk ds lkFk ,dkdkj gksdj thou dh lgkuqHkwfrdks laié djuk pkgrh gSA thou dh ;gh lkekftdvkSj lkef;d vuqHkwfr dh ltukRed vHkhIlkikSjkf.kd feFkd ds lkFk lejl gksdj dSyk'kifr*dks vkdkj nsrh gSA

d÷N ,sls HkkSxksfyd iz'u] d÷N ,slh thou

ikSjkf.kd feFkdksa dk fcEcu laHko Hkh ugha gksrkA^dSyk'kifr* esa nks laLÑfr;ksa dh ekuoh;laosnukvksa dk ?kkr&izfr?kkr dh xfr'khy izfØ;kds thoUr fcEc mHkjs gSaA ,d va'k&

egknso f'ko us dgk] ^^vHkh rd laKkuugha gqvk rqEgsa\ esjs ml f=k'kwy dks Hkh ughaigpkurs rqe\**

mlus /"Vrk dk ifjR;kx ugha fd;kA cksyk]^^vjs] dksbZ esjk Ñik.k] esjk 'kwy eq>s nksA rR{k.keSa bl f=k'kwy/kjh dk o/ d:¡xk] D;ksafd izk.kysus esa eq>s loZnk vkuan feyrk gSA**

^^ftls rqe ns ugha ldrs] mls Nhu ysus dhLi/kZ ls cM+k dksbZ naHk ugha gSA ijUrq vkt rqEgkjsbl naHkiw.kZ thou dk var vo';EHkkoh gSA**

;g O;fDriw.kZ vkSj thoar la?k"kZ dSyk'kifr*dks jkspd vkSj jksekapd cuk nsrk gSA ;g miU;klvo:ð lkaLÑfrd leL;kvksa ij Hkh nf"Vikrdjrk gSA ^dSyk'kifr* esa miU;kldkj us viuspfj=k uk;d dk pfj=k fodkl ogk¡ rd fd;kgS] tgk¡ rd miU;kl dh jpukRed lhek gSA

Jh izdk'k 'kqDy dh iafDr;k¡ lVhd cSBrhgSa& ^dSyk'kifr* ds fy,&

bl f'ko ds Hkhrj dbZ f'ko lek;s gSao"kZ ds X;kjg eghuksa dh vVdh cw¡nsa fdlh vkdk'k ls Vid jgh gSaA

laidZ&Lokè;k;] U;w ,sfj;k] eksjkoknh] jk¡ph& 8

iqLrd % dSyk'kifr (ikSjkf.kd miU;kl )ys[kd % MkW0 ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjhizdk'kd % lq/k izdk'ku] dSyk'kekdsZV] nfj;kiqj] iVuk& 4ewY; % 250 #Ik;s

O;aX; &O;fDrRodk ÅtkZoku

vkSiU;kfld l`tu

leh{kd % gjsjke psru ^f=kikBh*

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iqLrd leh{kk

iqLrd % ^iqdkj*dfo % jkts'k d÷ekj ikBdizdk'kd % t;fgan lsuk (lkekftd laLFkku) /ucknewY; % 120 :Ik,

eSustj ikaMs; us fy[kk gS fd ^dfork v?kk;s vkneh dh Mdkj ugha gSA*vlaxfr;ksa esa laxfr dh y; ryk'krh ^iqdkj* dh dfork,¡ ,d izfrlalkj dsjpko dh fojkV vkd÷yrk gS ftlesa dfo us ekSu vkSj phRdkj dks laxkBfudrkSj ij ,dhÑr djus dk tcjnLr iz;kl fd;k gSA dfo jkts'k d÷ekj ikBdus bu dforkvksa ds ekè;e ls uDly fopkj/kjkvksa ls izHkkfor ,oa blds eq[;drkZ/rkZ ls eq[;/kjk esa ykSVus dh vihy dh gS tks 'kklu vkSj iz'kklu dks'k=kq eku cSBs gSaA

izLrqr ladyu esa dfork,¡] ek¡ iqdkjrh] ek¡ dh eerk] lius] taxy] va/sjk] jksdks [kwu cgkuk] nw/ dk dtZ] cadj dk vkSfpR;] ns[kks vkdj varj]lcds fy, tks vPNk uked 'kh"kZd esa foHkDr gS tks dHkh viuh LFkwyrk lsrks dHkh viuh izrhdkRedrk ls thou dk Li'kZ djrs jgrs gSaA uDlfy;ksa dksiqu% eq[;/kjk dk thou fey lds] dfo dk ewy iz;kstu cu tkrk gS] tcdfo dgrk gS&

taxy vkSj igkM+ksa esa @ ek¡ rqEgsa vkt iqdkjrh [kks;k csVk fey tk, rks @ vkt mrk:¡ vkjrh

ek¡ dh laosnuk ls dfo taxyksa esa HkVdus okyksa dks ykSV vkus dkvkàku bu 'kCnksa esa djrs gSa&

jkbZ dks ioZr dj ldrs @ ioZr dks rqe jkbZ d÷N ds fy, rqe uDlyh @ d÷N ds fy, rqe HkkbZdfo jkts'k dqekj ikBd dk oSpkfjd fo'okl fdlh twBh vk;kfrr

fopkj/kjk esa u gksdj 'kqð Hkkjrh; eu dh lksp ij vk/kfjr gSA vius

thoukuqHkoksa ds vk/kj ij viuk thou n'kZu jprs gaSA os le>rs gS fd 'kkludks 'k=kq ekuus okys yksx Hkzkafr ds f'kdkj gSaA lkear vkSj lwn[kksj 'kkluO;oLFkkdc dh [kRe gks pqdh] blds ckotwn vxj lkearh lksp cjdjkj gS rks dfodgrk gS&

eSa eku jgk 'kklu esa @ d÷N cSBs gSa lkSnkxj vxj mUgsa rqe tkurs @ dj nks uke mtkxjjkts'k d÷ekj ikBd dh dfork dh iqdkj esa vlj gSA budh dfork,¡

le; ds ljksdkjksa] rki&rsoj vkSj izfrjks/ dh psruk ls yS'k gS vkSj mEehndh tk ldrh gS fd bUgsa iqjLdkj feys u feys ij turk dk I;kj vo';feysxkA

d÷y tek NCchl NksVh&cM+h dforkvksa ds lkFk fgUnh txr esa mudk ;gizFke dkO; laxzg gSA bu dforkvksa dk viuk lalkj gS] viuk laLdkj gS]viuh /jrh vkSj Hkkouk gSA jkts'k d÷ekj ikBd yksd/ehZ dfo gSaA muds fy,dfork fy[kuk flQZ vius le; vkSj lekt ls laokn djuk gh ugha vfirqmu reke nq[kksa esa lk>snkj Hkh gksuk gS tks mUgksaus gf'k, ij thou xqtkjus okyksads fy, eglwlk gksA bl vekuoh; le; esa euq";rk vkSj fj'rksa dks cpkukt:jh gSA tc iwjh nqfu;k ,d cktkj esa rCnhy gks pqdh gS] tgk¡ lc d÷NfcdkÅ gks tkus dh laHkkouk,¡ ekStwn gS] ,sls esa dfo dk iwjk nkf;Ro gS fdog bu fLFkfr;ksa ds fo:ð izfrjks/ ntZ djsaA

uDlfy;ksa dks eq[;/kjk esa ykus dh vihy djrh jkts'k d÷ekj ikBddh dfork,¡ ,d lqé iM+rs le; esa gjdr dh gYdh lh vkgV dh rjg gSftlls xqtjrs gq, eSa ;g lksprk jgk fd bruh lknxh ;k lgtrk ds lkFk ;sD;ksa gekjh vkRek esa nkf[ky gksrh gS vkSj gekjh laosnuk dks >aÑrdjrh gSA iqdkj* dh dfork,¡ iqdkj&iqdkj dj lgtrk vkSj lknxh ls viukoSHko fn[kkus esa dke;kc jgh gS] ogha dfo jkts'k d÷ekj ikBd us bl izfrdøyle; esa dyk :Ik dks lgtrk ls ,d cM+k izfrjks/ jpk gSA ^iqdkj* dhdforkvksa ls xqtjrs gq, vkBosa n'kd ls Bhd igys dh dfork ;kuh1967&1975 dh dforkvksa dh ;kn vkrh gS ftlds ,d cM+s fgLls ijuDlyckM+h vkUnksyu dk izHkko FkkA tc dfork fdlh vkUnksyu ds izHkkols iSnk gksrh gS rks og ?kVukvksa dks] jktuhfr] lÙkk dks lh/s ,oa Li"V :Ikls ns[kus&fn[kkus ij cy nsrh gSA tkfgj gS blesa cgqr d÷N ,slk gks ldrk gSftls Li"V rkSj ij dfork ds :Ik esa Lohdkj djuk dfBu gksA ns'k] jktuhfr]lÙkk ,d xfr'kkhy vo/kj.kk gSA ;gh otg gS fd vkt dh vf/kdka'k dforkesa vkBosa n'kd dh dfork ds Lohdr izk:Ik dk nqgjko utj vkrk gS-A dguku gksxk fd jkts'k d÷ekj ikBd ,d gn rd bu vfo'oluh; yxrh fLFkfr;ksadks le; ds vk[;ku ds :Ik esa lkeus j[krs gSaA foyxko ds lokZf/d ØwjvkSj vfo'oluh; izrhr gksrh fLFkfr dks dfo ikBd us iqdkj* ds dforkvksads ekè;e ls lkeus j[kk gS ftlesa n';ksa dh xfr'khyrk Hkfo"; ds ladsr lw=kksadks ifjyf{kr djrh gSA

lqék iM+rs le; esa gjdrdh gYdh lh

vkgV txkrh gS

^iqdkj*leh{kd % jktho vkuUn

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O;aX;&nf"V

ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh

Hkkjr nqnZ'kk unsf[k tkbZ!

gsO;aX;dkj] rqeus eghuksa rd Qk;ns ghQk;ns izLrqr fd,A bl Qk;nkoyh dk D;kQk;nk gqvk\ Qk;ns fxukus ls rks csgrj Fkk fdrqe bl egku ns'k dh nqnZ'kk ij vk¡lw cgkus dsfy, ns'k ds lHkh lTTkuksa vkSj lékfj;ksa dks ,l-,e-,l- Hkst nsrsA bl vlkj lakln esa lqcgks'kke,slh euHkkou fdLe dh v?kV ?kVuk,¡ ?kV jghgSa fd fdlh Hkh bUlku ds fy, xe vkSj [kq'khds egklkxj esa Mwcus&mrjkus dk ,d lkFk ekSdkfey tk,A lqUnj ls lqUnj egk?kVukvksa dk egktkyekStwn gS ;gk¡A Vsªuksa esa MdSrh dk vkn'kZ okrkoj.kgSA efgykvksa ds xys esa 'kksHkk;eku psu >Vdusokyksa ds fy, Hkh bruk gh lqgkuk leka gSAgtkjhckx esa fdlh Bsdsnkj ls ik¡p gtkj ?kwlysrs bathfu;j llEeku idM+s x,A b/j iVuk esalaLÑr dkWyst ds ,d egkfo}ku fizafliy lkgcegt rhu djksM+ dh tk;nkn j[kus ds dkj.kidM+s x,A Hkkjr nqnZ'kk ds ,sls euksgkjh vuqHkovkids ikl Hkh gksaxsA mUgsa gels 'ks;j djsa vkSj'ks;j cktkj esa mRlkgiwoZd larj.k djsa] D;ksafdvPNs fnu vkus okys gSaA

vPNs fnuksa ds Vsªyj lewps ns'k dh turkdks fn[kykus okys xqtZj izns'k ds egkRek eksnhdks Hkh 'kk;n ;g irk ugha gksxk fd xqtjkr esa^tw¡* dk Hkh ,d Lekjd gSA bl egkekuoleqæHkkjr esa jkst u tkus fdrus yksx mRié gksrs gSavkSj ejrs gSaA ysfdu lcds Lekjd rks ugha cursAxqtjkr ds NksVs ls dLcs vfUgyokM+ esa Jhekutw¡ egksn; dk Lekjd gS vkSj yxHkx rhu lkSo"kks± ls LFkkfir gSA jktk d÷ekj iky Hkh"k.kvfgalkoknh FkkA mlus lewps jkT; esa fdlh Hkhizk.kh dh gR;k djus okyksa dks [kkst fudkyus dsfy, tklwlksa dk tky QSyk j[kk FkkA fdlhO;kikjh us vius /eZ dh iRuh ds ckyksa ls ,d

vnn tw¡ fudky dj mls uk[kwuksa ds chp tSls ghihlk] tklwlksa us mls /j nckspkA ckr d÷ekj ikyrd igq¡ph vkSj ml vfgalk ds iqtkjh us rRdkyO;kikjh dks dSn esa Mkydj fnoaxr tw¡ dh ikouLefr esa Lekjd cuok;kA lalkj dk igyk vkSj,dek=k tw¡ Lekjd! bl bfrgkl xkFkk dks izLrqrdjus dk rktk lanHkZ ;g gS fd esjs eu esa jktkd÷ekjiky ds tklwlksa dk Hk; O;kIr gSA otg ;ggS fd vkt lqcg lksdj mBus ds ckn eSaus ns[kkfd pknj ij u tkus fdrus 'kghn ePNjksa dhyk'ksa ekStwn gSaA d÷N dk rks ,slk lagkj gqvk gS fdmuds ?kj okys Hkh ugha igpku ldrsA esjs iklvkdj Hkh cgqr lkjs ePNj fudy Hkkxs vkSjthfor gSa rks bldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd mudhekrkvksa us thforiqf=kdk ozr dks lk/ j[kk gksxkAeSa ;g lksp&lkspdj nqcyk gks jgk gw¡ fd vxjeSa jktk d÷ekjiky ds tekus esa ,slk ePNj&o/dj Mkyrk rks D;k gksrk\ og ;qx Hkh dSlk fdtw¡ Lekjd rS;kj gksrs Fks vkSj [kVey ij jklksdkO;jps tkrs FksA vkSj] ;g dSlk lqgkuk le; vk;kgS ftlesa ekjihV vkSj eMZj ij dksbZ yxke ughagSA fLFkfr ,slh gS fd eMZj uke/kjh fQYe dslhDoy /M+k/M+ curs tk jgk gSA vkneh vLirkyesa tUe ysrk gS] gksVyksa esa thrk gS vkSj okilvLirkyksa esa gh igq¡pdj LoxhZ; gks tkrk gSA ,slsesa Hkyk tw¡] [kVey] ePNj tSls izkf.k;ksa dk dkSugoky gks ldrk gS\ bVyh igq¡pdj jkuh eq[kthZ

(ewy ys[kd ls fMDVs'ku ysdj ckysUnq 'ks[kj frokjh }kjk izLrqr)

vkSj vkfnR; pksiM+k us 23 vizSy ds fnu 'kknhdj yhA bl egku ?kVuk ds ,d fnu ckn Ýkalds fcl;lZ 'kgj esa gtkjksa vaMkas dk fo'kkyvkeysV cuk;k x;kA blh fnu gekjs ns'k ds cw¡nh'kgj esa ,d nwYgk tc llqjky igq¡pk] rks lclsigys mlus ?kksM+h ij [kM+s gksdj ukuk izdkj dsdjrc fn[kk, vkSj vius ukuk&ukuh dk ukejkS'ku fd;kA bUgha lekpkjksa dk ifj.kke gS fdns'k esa xehZ vkbZ gS rks Vkax QSykdj cSB xbZ gSAfctyh vkSj ikuh dh leL;k xgjh gksrh tk jghgSA uydøi lw[kus yxsA vkbZih,y fØdsVjksa dsilhus ls Hkyk fdruh [ksrh gks ldrh gS\ ,slklw[kk QSyk gS fd [ksrksa dks nwj ls gh ns[kdj dksbZvU/k Hkh QSlyk dj ldrk gS fd Hkwnku vkUnksyuds rgr nku djus ;ksX; ;gh vkn'kZ Hkwfe gSAfLFkfr ;g gS fd Hkkjr dh 'kL;';keyk Hkwfeij /hjs&/hjs ?kkl Hkh mxus esa 'kjek jgh gSA

?kkl ds 'kjekus ds izlax ls gekjs iM+kslh'kekZ th dh egkurk ;kn vkbZA lmnh vjc dhfuekZ.kk/hu 200 ¶yksj okyh fdaxMe Vkoj esackjg djksM+ dk ,d ¶ySV 'kekZth us cqd djkbZgSA bls Hkkjr dh nqnZ'kk gh dguk gksxk fd ,slkbrus cM+s ns'k esa d÷y lkr yksxksa us fd;k gSA irkugha] Hkkjr dh nqnZ'kk dk var dc gksxk\ rcrd rks foyki djus ds flok dksbZ pkjk ughaA

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vPNs fnuksa ds Vsªyj lewps ns'k dh turk dks fn[kykus okys xqtZj izns'kds egkRek eksnh dks Hkh 'kk;n ;g irk ugha gksxk fd xqtjkr esa ^tw¡* dk Hkh,d Lekjd gSA bl egkekuoleqæ Hkkjr esa jkst u tkus fdrus yksx mRiégksrs gSa vkSj ejrs gSaA ysfdu lcds Lekjd rks ugh cursA xqtjkr ds NksVs lsdLcs vfUgyokM+ esa Jheku tw¡ egksn; dk Lekjd gS vkSj yxHkx rhu lkSo"kks± ls LFkkfir gSA jktk d÷ekj iky Hkh"k.k vfgalkoknh FkkA mlus lewpsjkT; esa fdlh Hkh izk.kh dh gR;k djus okyksa dks [kkst fudkyus ds fy,tklwlksa dk tky QSyk j[kk FkkA

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