of
easily
measurable
distance,
in
which
case,
when
the
period
of
a
ring.
EE
brackets
QQ,
plate
each
(see
Table
I.).
When
the
ampli-
tude
decreased
rapidly,
the
observations
furnish the
taken,
experiment*.
disks
vibrating
beyond
the
due to the
the
space
between
the
glass
depended
on,
since
relation
between
viscosity
and
temperature,
however,
requires
us
this
paper
shew,
the
viscosity
That
part
of
the
viscosity
represented
in
fig.
8,
where
the
upper
accompanied
in
the same as
treating
these
disk
is
2$,
edge
will
be
a
electrical
capacity
of
a
a
dink
between
two
larger
disks
at
equal
distance
from
it
experiment
and
compared
with
the
observed
value.
In
this
way
the evidence
of the twelve
are as
used
value,
These
values
are
'000104,
'000275,
and
-000384
respectively,
edge
in
comparison
for
the
viscosity,
and
for
myself
to
the
results
of
experiment.
distinct
particles
or
molecules.
between
the
density
of
a
gas
and
its
through
gases.
The
opinion
that
the
observed
properties
of
visible
bodies
apparently
at
rest
are
molecules of
groups
of
smaller
molecules
repelling
always passes very
mobile fluids T is
viscosity,
ET
oc
pro-
ducing
a
given
deflection
which
take
place
same.
equal
volumes
of
different
gases
at
energy possessed
motions of
certain ratio between that
;
specific
heats
axes;
these
quantities,
due,
1st,
others
of
the
same
system
or
of
different
system
; 2nd,
I shall then
statical
It,
the
form
of
the
function
depending
on
the
nature
and
positions
and
velocities
of
M
l
In
order
to
determine
a function
form of the
in
consideration,
of the
same kind.
by
the
exchange
of
velocities
among
the
molecules
by
is
also
the
only
form
of molecules
have
any
quantity
in
which
encounters
overtake
molecules
projected
from
the
negative
kinds had been
its lower
middle
part,
from the
;
the
gases
rate
proportional
to
itself,
so
that
sounds
the value
transpiration-tunes
determined
by
Graham
for
mixtures
depend
indicate that
variation
of
pressure.
A
second
25C.
conducts
heat
air. Now
viscosity,
that
is,
put
in
connexion
by
is
may neglect
first term
(ABCD)
(ABC)
The
secondary
that
M
changes
from
1,
the
current
may
reciprocating
current
in
the
second.
thus
stopped.
This
produces
to
multiply
the
current
by
value
by
a
current
much
less
powerful.
In
this
way
the
diminution
in
resistance
and
self-induction
due
to
the
shunt
may
t
experience
a
stress,
consisting
lines of
spherical
surface
lines
corresponding
which can
equilibrium
normal
to
same
object
by
a
method
derived
by simple
value of
the
highly
prism
in
changing
the
conver-
gency
or
divergency
of
the
pencils
the
convergency,
and
to
diminish
the
divergency,
of
light.
VOL.
n.
13
prism
is
turned
we find
edge
of
the
prism.]
132
is to c. For
draw an
figures.
When
the
co-ordinates
a
point
are
easily
expressed
in
terms
of
tetrahedral
co-ordinates
x,
y,
z,
u\
I
draw
completely
to
to
act
governor,
the
centrifugal
piece
is
less
powerful
according
centrifugal piece
from the
principle
by
to
pass,
according
to
the
position
of
by
a
screw
have no
great
cannot
be
constant
range
of
velocity
pushed
and
pulled
at
tin-
same
rate
magnet
R,
and
interrupted
by
the
condenser
independent
so
that
the
repulsion
different units
all
when
in
position
the
disk
and
the
aper-
ture.
A
glass
scale
provided
with
cross
guard-ring,
or
front
face
<>t
graduated
;
suspended
disk,
-5-
distance from
'008
inch.
One
turn
of
a
and
a',
perhaps
produce
Experiments
on
May
8.
S'
great.
In
pointing
I
mine to
8 '8
unit.
The
lowest
papers
appeared
in
Poggendorff's
Anna-
len,
for
1867,
bearing
on
curve
current
in
the
positive
or
negative
direction.
Thus,
small
compared
with
the
1irbft
p
the
more
approximate
expression
velocity
of
light.
But
since
all
the
experiments
are
made
in
air,
If
we
spheres
spheres
of
pass
through
b,
and
increases
as
linked
together
as
the
earth
and
the
and
bridge
form
a
ring
of
which
one
side
is
much
larger
than
the
other.
A
parabolic
of
radius
r
about
a
line
in
its
own
plane
distant
c
from
the
centre.
system
rays
conicoids,
let
us
conceive
the
following
mechanical
construction
the
Surface
of
Ice.
by
ice
crystals
are
of refraction that
to
get
near
enough
tn
the
place
where
pieces,
beams,
rods,
or
wires,
and
may
be
straight
points
lines,
the
Polygon
of
Forces,
by
drawing
in
succession
lines
parallel
and
proportional
forces
acting
polygon
do
not
should each
be indicated
properties
of
two,
and
only
two,
polygons.
If
point,
if
the
frame
is
in
equilibrium.
We
shall
denote
the
lines
of
the
figure
by
capital
letters,
and
those
of
the
reciprocal
figure
figure.
We
must,
therefore,
given
point
in
the
equal
and
opposite
Paar
Geometern
(Euler
und
Vandermonde)
einen
schwachen
Blick
ru
thun
vergbnnt
war,
wissen
und
put
to
infinity.
any
kind,
if
edges
be
taken
away
so
as
will
be
p
necessarily
stiff;
and
if
any
quadrilaterals
m
set.
force
equal
and
parallel
x,
we
points
...............
~r-
represents
at
the
summit
is
equal
and
opposite
the
same
algebraical
corresponding
to
applied
pro-
portional
respect
sect
itself,
it
is
easy
cell
with
their
positive
side
inward,
and
by
plane
tangent plane.
equal
and
opposite
the
position
of
F,
any
two
systems
of
stress
may
be
mechanically
compounded
curve s. If
The line
corresponding
For
each
point
construct a
closed
curve,
polygon
is
equal
any
elasticity
in
the
body.
I
shall
confine
myself
and
horizontal
and this must be
sixteen
Diagram
II
a.
may
exactly.
The
projection
by
diagrams
of
continuous
stress.
IV
a.
represents
a
cylinder
exposed
to
pressure
Airy's
theory
supposed
to
be
this
purpose
the
plane
of
xz,
cylinder by
cylinder.
Hence
it
is
by
thunder
moans,
more
hidden
their
relations.
Every
natural
phenomenon
is,
to
our
minds,
the
result
us
knowledge
turn to
popular
science,
and
directing
the
mind
to
lay
vivid
colouring
of
a
physical
illustration,
or
bodies on
properties,
names
of
Democritus,
Epicurus,
and
Lucretius,
push
the
process
of
subdivision
particles
period
founded on Helmholtz's
affirm
of
matter
only
feebly
imagine,
of
terrestrial
hydrogen
as
two
tuning-
either
quite
indeterminate,
as
in
a
planet
as
before.
the
period
of
any
the other
connect
this
question
are
result,
which
gives
a fact the
calculation.
We
form
a
theory
experiments,
not
made so weak
may
works
on
colour.
By
equilibrium
is
everywhere
convex
only
a
region
false maxima and
we shall in
senses
in
observation,
and
our
hands
in
manipulation.
The
familiar
apparatus
of
pen,
ink,
and
paper
will
no
longer
be
knowledge
of
Physics,
experiments,
Experiments
of
Illustration
and
Experiments
of
Research.
The
them,
buried
among
the
other
products
frequency.
on the
If we now
in
Mathematics,
from the
is
applied,
and
to
lives,
it
Cambridge,
whether
literary,
philological,
inquiries,
key
of
knowledge,
and
how
the
reputation
of
others
has
the
mind
passes
dealing
with
groups
of
atoms,
which
I
may
call
statistical
method,
term
some
of
tho
evidence
molecules,
have
produced,
in
the
course
of
ages,
the
slightest
through
our
experience
of
those
systems
of
acquired
of
matter,
as
equations
da
d/3
da.
d/3
~T~
quantities.
A
knowledge
operations.
Since
this
any
science
do
into
Scalar
quantities,
which
are
completely
represented
by
mathematics the
for
finding
the
scalar
part
of
it.
But
with
continuous
bodies,
and
quantities
distributed
in
space,
is,
of
course,
a
scalar
quantity.
distinguish
by
a
particle
in
fluid
which
passes
through
unit
of
diffusion,
place
potential,
and
the
a
be
a
linear
and
a,
/3,
y
are
carrying
its
subject
which we
know,
Thomas
Young
was
the
first
who,
starting
from
green,
as
you
will
see
if
allow it
in
purely
physical
inquiries.
orange.
The
quality
founded
on
legitimate
experiments.
There
of
expressed
geometrically
on
You
triangle.
To
understand
of chart of
The
colours
of
all
spectrum, expressing
spectrum.
scale,
which
indicates
its
position
Colours.
The
standard
principles
as
triangle
formed
approach
Proceeding
may suppose
elementary
in
physiology
the
same
intensity.
If
this
that which
M. Exner
sensation
to
the
9olours
red.
In
the
diagram
of
the
intensities
by
different
parts
of
the
spectrum,
brightest example
light
with
the
light
everything
look
a blue flower
components
of
the
system,
we
may
call
the
resultant
may
be
compared
with
that
of
several
artificial
other,
centres,
and
that
the
harmonic
mean
distance
of
I shall
calculation
circle,
becomes
nearly
equal
square
wire
and
the
greater
distance
n'M
of
the
coil
from
itself.
currents are
which
would
be
due
will
go
surface. If
opposite
sign,
as
in
statical
electricity,
when
the
surface
is
a
conductor,
the
corresponding
directions
through
corresponding
parts
In
simple image,
the
velocity
R,
be diminished
electric
currents
which
actually
exist
of
induction
actually
existing
may neglect
by
y respectively
lines
there
homogeneous
conductors
and
in
a
plane
conducting
sheet,
case of a
forms of
circuit,
is
are true
final
results.
But
vary inversely
external
electrified
system
is
reduced
to
a
point,
the
transformed
external
electrified
system
by
reciprocal
to have been taken
a
very
important
case
screen
in No.
an account
of
devising
a
discussion of
abroad
to
be
hoped
a method of
way
that
the
final
equa-
tions
should
be
obtained
independently
arrive,
at
least
during
unwarrantable
details.
For
instance,
such
a
method
the
top
two bodies
other's
motion.
phenomena
of
this
immediate,
we
of
see
an
not,
or
whether
wood,
glass,
or
copper,
be
placed
between
the
magnets.
Besides
this,
Newton's
law
of
gravitation,
which
every
is
not
in
real
contact,
not,
action
were
in
reality
cases
of
ledge
light
on
those
of
such
media,
or
any
clear
understanding
how
the
the
heavenly
bodies
depends
Accordingly,
we
find
in
his
Optical
Queries,
author
tin-
discoverer
of
universal
gravitation.
It
was
'force' .
But
boundaries,
we
shall
see
that
to
every
branch
of
place,
before
attempting
to
explain
Li in.
form,
force in
several
different
kinds
lines of
the
medium
in
the
direction
disciple
of
Hamilton,
have
or otherwise
n
variables
x,
we
may,
themselves,
and
the
remaining
variations
Sf
and
S//
CONDUCTORS.
331
magnetism,
they
are
electric
energy
of
the
system.
For
the
momenta,
the
strains,
the
electrotonic
states,
by
the
work,
.....................
in the
previous
mathematical
papers.
The
aim
of
this
Essay,
and
of
the
author's
long-continued
labours,
i
advance
philo-
experiments
on
sensible
bodies
have
made
us
cognizant.
The
world,
according
construct a
world. The
one. It
they
propel
permanent
an
atom.
development
Graham
  . Professor
Loschmidt,
of
Vienna,
has
recently
f
made
a
obtained as
is the
in
centi-
metres.
V
is
the
of
two
gases
and
their
coefficient
L,
a
and that
given by
M. Clausius
in his
equal
velocities,
good
deal
yet
to
of
hydrogen
on
this
assumption
is
4'6
x
10
gramme.
cube
which,
quantity
depends
on
the
components
of
velocity,
before
we
proceed
When the
system
during
their
encounter,
for
force,
are
the result to the number of molecules of the first
kind. We must
will
long
continue
to
the
story
of
Science
have
died
away.
In
the
first
place,
then,
we
regard
Faraday
clearly
stated
in
the
Presidential
Address
I know
;
is
now
fully
recognised.
have
immortalised
science find
electro-magnetism,
in
extent,
exist,
or
is
matter
infinitely
divisible
VOL.
II.
46
Hence
if
the
whole
drop
is
divisible,
inor-
ganic
substances
which
appear
to
u's
homogeneous
are
really
so,
and
that
the
universal
experience
of
mankind
example, may
these
by
body
such
that
if,
on
It
is
not
the
special
happen
faculties
which
urge
theory,
as
described
by
Lucretius
narrow
a
range
that
even
called
the
pressure
have
of
verifying
the
theory.
pressure.
was
very
great
as
compared
the
air
in
that
the
swarm
of
bees,
when
every
individual
bee
is
flying
furiously,
the bees
rough
surfaces,
the
other,
rubbing
on
must
take
place
was
greater
the
velocity
calculated,
from
second.
The
three
a rise of
in
motion,
wonderful
molecular
and
hydrogen
of
the
molecules
its
guiding
science
are
gathered.
We
may
ranks,
according
to
the
completeness
different
gases,
and
their
velocities
in
metres
per
experiments
on
the
pressure
and
density
of
gases,
molecule.
Independently
quite
.
is far
to
entirely
different
method
of
comparing
the
properties
fixed
stars.
We
light
by
which
evidence
of
systems
the material universe remain unbroken
and unworn.
examined was
a bottle.
the action
direction has
sea-nettle
produced
 
degree
inclusive
fulfilled,
and
unity
in B' and A'
coefficients
of
the
characteristic
function
Vpy.
Since
a
is
the
reciprocal
as to
are
LIGHT.
389
either
apart
from
z,
dV
7
family
as
those
Etruscan
children.
Here,
for
instance,
we
have
a
book,
in
two
M. Plateau
in all
state
of
water.
Now
we
find
by
experiment
through
the
mass
area,
and
which
thus
milligrammes weight
a
liquid
that
the
value
prepares
a
mixture
of
alcohol
dipping
surface
of
minimum
free on
that
a
property
plain,
however,
the film
solid,
species
of
giving
anyone
which it takes
scientific
channel
particular
season
ought
of
science,
speaking,
of
course,
in
learned
phraseology
Physical
physical
science
out
the
essay
by
the
 correlation
scientific
opinion,
that
publication.
The
rapid
development
of
thermodynamics,
and
Sir W. Grove's work we must
regard
a
large
area,
in
language
sufficiently
appropriate
to
prevent
misapprehension,
and
yet
sufficiently
familiar
to
be
action,
it
is
Energy
instead
of
Force,
 
which
the
production
of
first,
the
objection
could
row
involve
network
between
them,
the
molecule
describing
free
paths,
Boyle,
Charles,
Gay-Lussac,
Dulong
and
denser state of sub-
expansion,
Clausius and
thus
what
pressure.
V
is
molecules.
any given
approaches
to
unity,
so
arising
from
repulsive
forces
through
a
finite
distance,
a
rise
of
temperature
will
increase
the
amount
of
sealing-
wax
eye
moves
about.
For
this
purpose
a
small
prick
that the word
with
which
they
act
on
 
hypothesis
will
vary
only rarely
We
the
molecule
supposed
to
ought
to
be
applied
certain state of
the same
443
H
W
for
the
primary
image
(26).
Form
of
doctrine
of
homo3omeria
('Oftoio//,e)oia),
nothing.
 Ac
proinde
si
permittat? respondendum
tangant,
at-
manifesto
repugnat
ut
distent,
nihil
ordinary
language
to
average
of
the
quantity
2
(waf)
remains
constant,
Then
a
com-
of
experiments,
con-
ducted
by
Dr
Joule
glass,
a
in these
molecular
volume
of
the
gas,
then
molecule,
as
estimated
by
these
methods,
are,
of
course,
very
small,
but
by
organisms.
A
microscopic
germ
is,
we
know,
capable
of
development
differences,
infinite
in
number,
which
distinguish
other,
arise
led
by
con-
siderations
of
funda-
mental
note
of
the
within
any
closed
surface
is
always
motion.
space.
By
volume is
into
that
state,
and
no
part
already
primitive
fluid
itself,
which
energy
of
the
impacts
which
the
energy
of
the
corpuscules
is
spent
in
order
suggested
the
possibility
temperature.
We
may
also
observe
that
according
speculations
about
the
nature
of
molecules
and
the
cause
of
gravitation,
and
contemplate
the
material
deducted from the
substances,
with
several
systems
of
There
pellets,
arid
were
afterwards
sorted
into
kinds,
we
should
terrestrial chemist.
own
nature
discontinuous,
like
number,
incommensurable
quantity,
for
different order.
We know
prevent
the
period
of
the
stars,
cither
now
or
since
these
bodies
began
to
be
it
actually
exists,
through
any
sensible
range,
the
bodies
formed
and
self-existent,
and
must
therefore
have
been
made,
and
that
he
and
the
phrase
 manufactured
action
tends
to
bring
not
able,
from
experiment
and
obser-
vation,
to
give
a
satisfactory
account
of
of force.
which
represents
that
piece
in
the
diagram.
equilibrium
of
negative.
II.
in
which
the
pressure
the
septum
are
different,
but
have
the
same
pressure,
gases through soap-bubbles,
*
up
its
energy
when
not
required;
mechanism,
any approach
about
its
axis,
which
we
the
other,
vacuum
when
water
was
should
be
largely
developed
and
the
appropriate
words
copiously
exemplified
such
he felt it less difficult to induce scientific men to
adopt
to
persuade
by
the
separate
elements.
This
statement
all
unit
length
and
unit
section
is
where
r
the
two
cases.
reversed
there
would
be
no
for
both,
and
forces
is
sensible,
same in
thick tubes
plane
at
right
angles
con-
stituent
molecules
and
the
forces
acting
to
spread
itself
over
the
the
plate.
Hence
a
glass
tube
plunged
into
water
would
ascended to a
it
extends,
liquid,
two
physical
states
in
contact
liquid
at
a
depth
v
within
the
bounding
to
different
degrees
of
thinness
its
two
surfaces
as
already
calculated
(equation
7).
particle
out-
side
each
lens,
the
angles
surface of
Mensbragghe
has
also
written
a
very
complete
memoir
second
along
h is
the
plates
is
a,
and
if
the
mean
height
of
enough,
a
little
higher
than
the
rim
dency
Let the radius
of this section
parabola
the
meridian
the
and
B. The resultant force on C will therefore tend to
oppose
the
displacement
tension,
and
any
lateral
displacement
of
by
surface-tension.
They
therefore
shorten
themselves,
column,
then
a
aeries
of
contractions
and
enlargements,
then
is
one
which
does
not
equation
is
of
of a
wave of
the wave of
For
though
the
phenomena
of
nature
are
example
not
merely
of
ex-
tensive
acquaintance
with
measure
the
motion
to
those
in
which
our
senses
are
unable
sensation and
analysis
of
sensation
no
apparatus
was
except
other,
and
yet
regular,
eyes
quite
freely
while
maintaining
during
the
whole
motion
are
trained
in
a
yet
usually
inclined
to
assume,
and
since,
as
just
remarked,
our
sensations
derived
from
slightest
degree
beyond
are
always
immediately
conscious,
without
constant,
so
that
be
in
equilibrium,
of
of the
limits of
by
his
straw
electrometer,
so
salt
compared
the
sensation
of
the
shock
acquired
in
the
discrimination
be
solid.
When
a
body
has all the
gaseous
of a
hydrostatic pressure.
relative
motion
without
leaving
substance
like
palatine,
and
add
more
and
more
body,
such
the less
equilibrium
equilibrium
is
the
fluids,
surface,
100 metres
layers,
it
is
gas
is
present.
Hence
the
importance
of
the
air-pump
in
the
steam
engine.
Relation
between
the
liquid,
together
with
about
f
of
,
normal
to
the
surface.
If
not
here
specify.
till the tube
done so
expand
from
its
original
volume
to
partition
the
agitation
of
the
take
place
whether
;
if
no
figure
corresponding
places
on
the
map.
A^A
determined
by
observation,
joints
in
side
of the
corresponds
point
The
forces
Pp
and
Q?
are
necessarily
inversely
as
represent
links
which
are
cut
reader,
though
they
would
to
the
history
observed
facts.
As
long
do
the
required
work.
If
this
apparatus
should
motions
principal
founder
of
not,
the
condition
of
equilibrium
of
exchange
of
energy,
the total
body.
the
light
no loss or
body,
and
an
equal
quantity
the
first
law.
communication of
of
heat
motions of
molecules as
less
frequent;
already
indicated
unsoundness
by
leading
to
determinations
of
point
of
the
axis,
and
let
y
be
the
distance
of
in
this
way
any
approximation
to
the
true
value.
cylinder,
A
to
b
uniform,
where
name
as
when
the
up,
will
vanish,
quantity
X,
between
solid
explanation
in
the
phenomenon
case
with
mercury
gas.
centre is P
a
circle,
the
cosine
of
whose
radius
is
ft,
be
of
case for
the
attempt,
places.
This
phenomenon,
to
great
the
velocity-components
system,
motion,
which
are
supposed
to
vary
from
system
to
system,
final
co-ordinates
and
of
the
total
energy,
hitherto
supposed
these
to
be
the
these
which,
at
with
their
limits,
that
N
can
only
enter
the
function
f.
We
shall
now
follow
the
Since the
expression
for
the
refer,
oxygen
specified
for
some,
but
not
all,
of
the
variables.
But
the
of
reference
is
arbitrary,
we
may
simplify
the
line
passing
through
the
particle
m.
We
may
plane
through
that
centre
and
the
energy
density
at
ample
time
for
an
experiment
on
the
ultimate
:
speaker
and
the
these little currents
driven
by
the
tremors
I have
theory
of
speech
acoustically,
philologically,
and
historically.
He
describes
the
result
in
a
letter
to
The
Reader:
a
school
of
physiologists,
who
investigate
the
conditions
of
c
j
the
 Dragon
boughs
contrasts
things
seen
with
things
unseen.
lingered
longer.
We
pursue
a
subject
which
might
have
afforded
excellent
sport
that line. He
cannot doubt that
up
of
thinking
But
besides
these
may
be
proved
from
the
phenomenon
of
process
going
of
light
till
we
the
electric
displacement
produce
a
luminous
impression
on
our
eyes,
for
the
phenomena
only
to
17633
to
be
the
case.
Rrfatirt
motion
of
the
tether.
We
must
therefore
consider
jether
within
bodies
as
somewhat
loosely
connected
with
the
dense
bodies,
and
we
propagation
of
light
This
experiment
seems
rather
to
verify
Fresnel's
theory
as we have
interfere
with
each
other's
motion
of
translation,
which
they
contribute
to
learned
societies,
the
attention
passes
along
Matter,
and
our
authors,
one
of
caution that the
 
by
its
effect
in
changing
the
this
change
real
bodies,
the
practical
mere
scaffolding
erected
over
space
by
Descartes,
but
many
degrees
of
potential
energy
of
the
ropes,
in
the
hope
of
obtaining
accurate
measurements,
but
actually
constructed
and
used,
are
tion
54
years.
He
accompanied
Sir
H.
Davy
within
the
range
of
elementary
methods
of
exposition.
During
present
My
was
acted
on
by
a
powerful
magnet.
This
long
series
of
researches
intermitting
in
to
the
Royal
Society
the
an
unfit
place
the revelation of
up
to
the
very
who
are
the
most
influential
readily
received
by
a
learned
society
before,
provided
certain
velocity,
V,
easy
string,
the
string,
constant
presence
of
an
expensive
machine
at
every
of
a
crowd,
are
interpreted
into
intelligible
365, 369,
gas,
final
distribution
hs
TMM*
Mse*
t
oa
velocity
of
waves,
of,
43
*T;
Uw
of,
543;