Max Yield Mag - May June 08

8/6/2019 Max Yield Mag - May June 08

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I N D O O R G A R D E N I N G

USA MAY - JUNE 2008

FREE

Chaos and Ecology in the Garden

AeroponicsHigh Performance Garden

coirA Modern Sustainable Growing Medium


2/43
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3/43
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4/434 MAXIMUM YIELD USA - May / June 2008
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6/43
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7/43
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8/43
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9/439MAXIMUM YIELD USA - May / June 2008

36

44

54

64

74

94

104

112

From The Publisher

Ask Erik

MAX Facts

Product Spotlight

Do You Know?

Preventing and Reacting

Max Mart

Distributors

Check Your Growing IQ

10

14

18

28

112

126

120

137

130

Hobby Greenhouse Cucumber Productionby James W. Brown

Coir - A Modern Sustainable Growing Mediumby Dr. Mike Nichols

EC Made Easyby Matt Lebannister

Chaos and Ecology in the Gardenby Roland Evans

Aeroponics: High Performance Gardeningby Erik Biksa

Drugs in our Water - A Growing Concernby Richard Gellert

pH Basicsby Philip McIntosh

What Do Those Numbers on the Fertilizer Label Meanby Dr. David E. Neal

FEATURES

DEPARTMENTS

may / june 2008

36

94

10474

CONTENTS

44



There are so many rewarding aspecTs

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FROM THEpublisher jim jesson

PRESIDENT/PUBLISHER - Jim Jesson

BUSINESS MANAGER - Linda Jesson

ADVERTISINGSALES

250.729.2677

Linda Jesson - [email protected] Lambersek - [email protected]

Joanna Kasprzyk - [email protected]

PRODUCTION & DESIGN

[email protected]

Pentti Tikkanen - [email protected]

Alice Joe - [email protected]

Wes Cargill - [email protected]

ACCOUNTING - Debbie Kyle

CANADIAN DISTRIBUTION

Brite-Lite Group

BiooralEddis Wholesale

Greenstar Plant Products Inc.

Hydrotek

Quality Wholesale

USA DISTRIBUTION

Bloomington Wholesale

Hydroarm

General Hydroponics

National Garden Wholesale/Sunlight Supply

New Age Gardening

Tradewinds

UK DISTRIBUTION

Growth TechnologyHydrogarden

Ikon International

AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTION

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Growth Technology

Hydraspher

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FRANCE DISTRIBUTION

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I N D O O R G A R D E N I N G

VOLUME 9 NUMBER 4

MAY / JUNE 2008

Maximum Yield is published bi-monthly by

Maximum Yield Publications Inc.

2339A Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9

Phone: 250.729.2677; Fax 250.729.2687No part o this magazine may be reproduced

without permission rom the publisher.

The views expressed by columnists are a personal opinion and do not

necessarily refect those o Maximum Yield or the Editor.

Publication Agreement Number 40739092


http://www.canna-hydroponics.com/http://www.canna-hydroponics.com/http://www.canna-hydroponics.com/http://www.canna-hydroponics.com/http://www.canna-hydroponics.com/



Richard Gellert owner o Hydro-Logic Purifcation Systems. Hisknowledge and passion o water purifcation technologies and itsimportance to the hydroponics and gardening industries has beeninstrumental in helping gardeners worldwide.

Dr. Mike Nicholsretired rom teaching horticulture at MasseyUniversity at Christmas 2006, but has retained the title o Honorary

Research Associate. He was elected and Honorary Member o the

International Society or Horticultural Science in August 2006. He

consults world-wide on a range o horticultural topics both or

industry and or international organizations such as the United

Nations.

Philip McIntosh is a science and technology writer with a bachelorsdegree in botany and chemistry and a masters degree in biological

science. During his graduate research he used hydroponic techniquesto grow axenic (ree o other organisms) plants to study the uptake ometals by roots. He lives with his amily in Colorado Springs CO, andteaches mathematics at Challenger Middle School.

Dave Neal has been in the plant nutrition business or the past 20years and is the Chairman and CEO o Dyna-Gro Nutrition Solutions.Dave received an M.B.A. rom the University o Nebraska in 1967and in 1972 graduated with a J.D. rom Golden Gate University. Heis a member o the Caliornia Bar Assoc and the Caliornia Societyo Certifed Public Accountants as well as being a member o Mensaand the American Assoc. or the Advancement o Science or over 35years.

Matt LeBannister, one o Maximum Yields newest and youngestwriters, brings a wealth o knowledge to his writing. Matt managesthe retail store at Homegrowns head ofce in Toronto.

Erik Biksa frst appeared in Maximum Yield in December 1999, andin 2000 the frst Ask Erik column was printed. Erik has contributeddozens o in-depth articles to Maximum Yield since. The Ask Erikcolumn has assisted many gardeners by providing answers to a wide

range o growing questions.

Roland Evansis a psychologist, lietime gardener and CEO o SoilHealth Solutions, LLC.

James W. Brownis a graduate o Cornell University with a MastersDegree and a Vegetable Crops Major, and an Associate Degreerom the Nova Scotia Agricultural College. Jim has more than 30years experience in the hydroponics industry as a horticulturist,teacher, and consultant on soilless growing. He is the author o theHydroponic Growers Manual, a contributor to the S/CEA Newsletter,and a requested speaker at hydroponics seminars and conerences.

contributors
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Do you have a question for Erik? Forward it to [email protected] with the words

Ask Erik in the subject line, and your answer will be printed in an upcoming edition.

ASKerik

MY

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Erik,

Theres a lot o talk at the local hydroponics shop about sprays or plants. How well do

these sprays work? It seems odd that plants would eed through the leaves, because thats

why they have roots. What do you think about oliar sprays and do you recommend them?Thanks, Sammy.


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hydroponic news, tips and trivia

MAXfacts

Perpetual harvest, the ultimate art o

successul gardening. Every gardener

yearns or that bountiul pay-o cropater all the hard work and patience.

Unless the crat o a thriving clone

method is mastered, such a harvest

could not have taken place in the

beginning.

Selecting a healthy parent plant to

supply your stock is a crucial step

that must never be overlooked. Take

cuttings rom a mature plant, meaning

older than one month, to improve

survival rates. The longer the stock

plant stays in a vegetative state, the

more stable the specimen becomes,

ensuring healthy strong perpetual

genes. Feed the parent plants with

a nitrogen rich nutrient, and ample

amounts o b-1 vitamins to ease the

stress o the cutting process. Regular

use o enzyme ormulations and

benefcial microbial inoculations willkeep root masses ourishing and plant

metabolism stable.

Temperature and humidity control

is absolutely vital at this point! To

guarantee better control over the

environment, keep propagation

areas separate rom other growth

stages. Consistent root zone

temperature, moisture and oxygen

will provide perect conditions

enhancing the plantlets ability to

sel propagate without the use o

strong hormones. Although it never

hurts to have insurance, many plant

varieties do not require the use o

IBA-3 (indol-3butyric-Acid), NAA

(1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid) or 2,4DPA

Propagation Success Volume 1


19/43

OVER

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our commitment to excellence and attention to detail to a full range of products that address your grow

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Active Air and ActiveAqua successful growing is at your fingertips.

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MAXfacts

(2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) rich

additives to develop healthy root

ormations. Place a humidity dome

over the tender batch o cuttings to

slow lea transpiration and preventwilting. It is not essential or success,

however, 90 to 100 percent humidity

and a constant root zone temperature

o about 68 to 74 degrees will prevent

unwanted problems.

Decide whether a clone machine

best suits your technique, or manual

control using an array o dierent

media types: (rock wool, perlite,

vermiculite, peat pellets, coconut

coir, composted bark, etc.), all o

these are excellent mediums to aid

in root development. Whichever

way you choose to go with, keep in

mind that both have benefcial and

negative aspects. Clone machines

are advantageous to those who

do not have time on their side to

dedicate to the cloning procedure.

The grower has the peace o mind

knowing that he or she may take

their cuttings, insert them into themachine without requent check-ups,

and return ater an allotted amount

o time to harvest the rooted babies.

Common clone machines work o

aeroponic technology, implicating

a highly oxygenated solution stable

in temperature delivered directly to

the root zone via sprayers. Negative

eed back on these technological

garden blessings are as ollowed:

Mechanical pump ailure restricting

ow o moisture and oxygen to the

roots, clogged sprayers or emitters,

overheated solution resulting in

deadly bacterial growth, power surges,

etc. From a retail perspective, the most

common problem people encounter
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MAXfacts

with clone machines is overheated

solution causing negative bacterial

growth. Water solutions above 75

degrees may lead to damping

o, the main actor responsible orpropagation ailure. For the manual

hands-on grower, rock wool is highly

popular, ollowed closely by peat

pellets and composted bark plugs.

All these dierent materials are

highly comparable to one another

or the act they all ocus on air and

moisture retention. Some require

more attention than others, but all

are equally eective. An extremely

benefcial property o this style is

the transplant stability in the root

zone. The reshly rooted cutting has

strong healthy roots anchored in a

plug, allowing its ability to adapt

to multiple growth systems and

methods. I desired, use a rooting gel

or powder beore inserting the cutting

into the medium. Avoid bacterial

contamination by draining all trays o

stagnant water, and utilize a heating

mat to maintain constant root zonetemperatures. Check the media

requently to evade overheating.

Spray the cuttings to keep humidity

levels higher, and ailure rates lower.

Harmul side eects may include the

ollowing: Frequent check-ups to avoid

drought, over-saturation resulting in

ailure, heating element needed or

the root zone, pH stability, etc.

Success at last! I you have kept

some o this inormation at bay, then

a perpetual harvest is inevitable. I

not, at least your clones are happy!

Cleanliness, along with the proper

maintenance, devotion and patience,

should leave you with limitless

numbers o your avorite plants.
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MAXfacts

yields, or maybe organic blends enrich

overall nutritional value and desirable

avor or aroma. In my opinion, ahealthy balance o both should sufce

any cultivars expectations whether

that is or quality or quantity.

To increase aromatic properties and

brix (sugar concentration) compounds

in a synthetic based garden, try

incorporating dierent organic

elements into the cycle. Guano based

additives and natural sugar derivatives,

is an excellent way to enhance avor

and yield organically. Keep your plants

lush and healthy by integrating organic

kelp or compost tea complexes into

chemical recipes. Seaweed will boost

plant vitality in almost every aspect.

For all o the organic enthusiasts

out there, keep in mind chemical

ingredients could provide your

missing link to a thriving garden.

Certain artifcial additives thatcontain immense quantities o N-P-K

concentrations give instantaneous

results to organic based gardens.

Increase ruit and ower set, healthy

root ormation, quicker response and

sterile media is all enhanced rom the

use o chemical ormulations.

Hopeully, these simple tips help

improve the stability o your garden.

All this in mind, you must remember

to never use H2O2 (peroxide) with

microbial active solutions. I used

correctly, a healthy balance o both

synthetic and organic blends might

answer some simple dilemmas that

distinguish an intermediate rom a

proessional.

A Healthy Balance

Which nutrients are best or your

plants? Perhaps synthetic mixes

provide quicker results with heavier

Seaweed
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25/43
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MAXfacts

International Year of the Potato - 2008
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This heat resistant aluminum tape is

perect or repairing ducting. Flexible

so it molds to the ducting and moves

without tearing. The pressure sensitive

backing provides strength and

durability.

Contact your local indoor gardeningretailer or more inormation on this

heat resistant aluminum tape.

The GrandStand line o tray and lighting stands are

made rom heavy duty powder coated steel tubing.

Available with optional

light stands, casters,

and reservoir

stands. The

versatility o the

GrandStand

is unmatched. They

are easy to assemble

and are extremely

durable. They come

in 4 dierent sizes

to accommodate the

popular white trays and

reservoirs. Available or 2 x 2, 2 x 4, 3 x 3 and 4 x 4.

For more inormation about the GrandStand ask yourlocal indoor gardening retailer.

In-Line Booster Fans is perect or boosting airow.

Whether you have a long run o ducting or just need

additional CFMs, these ans are built to last.Our Active Air In-Line Booster Fans offer

quiet operation,

super-high CFMs,

heavy-duty construction,

UL recognized components,

pre-wired junction box,

8-ft. (240-cm)/120-V power

cord,

Full-colour packaging.

For more inormation

contactyour local

indoor gardeningretailer.

PRODUCTspotlight ask for these exciting new products at your favorite indoor gardening store.

Heat Resistant Aluminum Tape

YearWarranty5

3 Year Full, 2 Year Pro-Rated

The C.A.P. NextGen Electronic Ballast is the smallest, lightest, most user riendly

ballast on the market today. Runs H.P.S. or M.H. bulbs, and eatures 90-260v input voltage.

This ballast produces 30% more light than a standard core and coil ballast and has

universal lamp receptacles, capable o attaching all o todays most popular reectors. Itsast lamp ignition, constant lamp voltage, icker ree output, thermostatically controlled

ans, and the ability to run bulbs up to 75 rom the ballast, make the NextGen a must or

serious gardeners. The NextGen Electronic Ballast has a 5 YEAR WARRANTY (3 years ull,

2 years pro-rated.)

For more inormation about the C.A.P. NextGen Electronic Ballast, visit your local

indoor gardening retailer.

R&M Supply, Inc. introduces an incredible new 1000w electronic ballast.

YearWarranty5

New @ C.A.P. The GrandStandNow Available from Hydrofarm:In-Line Booster Fans
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Recent surveys worldwide

resulted in the majority o

retailers preerring slightly

less lie rom their Phat

Filter (current average lie

o over 3 years) in return

or better prices and more

regular sales, as long as the 2 year guarantee remained in

place. The manuacturer has responded by producing the

latest Evolution3 o these amazing carbon canisters. Bothcarbon content and overall weight have been shaved by

an average o 14% without any sacrifce to pollen & odor

security over its working lie. This was achieved by only

a marginal bed width reduction o 4mm and with overall

height to now include the collar (in line with most other

brands globally). The 2 year guarantee still remains with

an average expected lie o over 2.5 years. As a result o

the above eective changes, prices have reduced by an

average 8% across the canister range.

For more inormation on Phat Filters ask about them the

next time you visit your local indoor gardening retailer.

Experience the Air King 16-in. (~41-

cm) and 18-in (46-cm) Pedestal Fans

rom National Garden Wholesale. These

lightweight, adjustable oscillating ans are the

perect addition to your garden space.

The Air King 16-in. and 18-in. Pedestal Fans

eature a 120-V permanently lubricated motor

accompanied by a three-conductor type SPT 7-t.

(~2-m) white power cord. Each an has a ront

grill that is made up o powder-coated steel

and is connected to an impact resistant

plastic rear grill. Both ans house a

blade constructed o a chemical resistant

polypropylene. The 16-in. ans height adjusts rom 36 in. to

52 in. (~91 cm to 132 cm) and the 18-in. ans height adjustsrom 37 in. to 53.75 in. (~94 cm to137 cm). The heads o

both Air King Pedestal Fans rotate side to side or can be

locked in a fxed position. The ans heads can also be

adjusted up and down.

Let Air King Pedestal Fans solve your

gardens ventilation needs!

For only the best or your gardening

needs trust National Garden Wholesale.

To learn more about the Air King Pedestal Fans contact

your local indoor gardening retailer.

PRODUCTspotlight

Homegrown Hydroponics has created Success in a Box

which is a complete set o the entire DNF line. For one low

price you can receive everything you need to properly

eed your plants using DNF. This is the best way to obtainmaximum growth results on your plants at an aordable

price. Package includes; 1L DNF Gro A & B, 1L DNF Bloom

A & B, 1L DNF Gold, 1L DNF Black, 1L DNF Green, 1L DNF

Clear, 125ml DNF Enhance, 60g DNF Carbologic, 130g DNF

Bloom Fortifer, 130g DNF Veg Fortifer. Also includes ree

DNF t-shirt!

For more inormation about DNF Success in a Box

contact your local retailer.

DNF Success in a Box Air King Pedestal FansNow Available at NGW

Phat Filter Evolution 3 Sales and education program.
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31/43
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CPPM-1 & CHHC-1

Hot on the heels o

their previous CO2

controllers is Sentinelsnew CPPM-1 & CHHC-1.

The new stand-alone

CPPM-1 controls your

CO2 levels with Part-

per-million accuracy

and it is extremely easy to use. The new CHHC-1 rom

Sentinel controls ALL o your growing area conditions

accurately & reliably. The CHHC-1 has all o the CO2 eatures

o their stand-alone controller the CPPM-1. It also has the

ability to control 3 other devices, a cooling device, a heating

device and a humidity device. You can set separate day and

night temperature and humidity settings. It records the Min

and Max temperature, humidity and CO2 levels. Both units

eatures a remote combination sensor that can be placed

15t rom the controller. Both units can be easily calibrated

by the user with our sel calibration eature No more

downtime!

Check them out the next time you visit your local indoor

gardening retailer.

VCG-6 & VCG-27

Sentinel now

oers (2) CO2

generators, theextremely exible

VCG-27 and their

new VCG-6. Both

units come in either,

LP (propane) or NG (Natural Gas) models. All VCGs have

advanced saety eatures which include electronic ignition,

dual solenoids and tip-over switches. The VCG-27 has the

abillity to produce rom 6 to 27 cubic eet o CO2 per hour

simply by turning selector valves. The VARIABLE CO2 output

allows the user to select the correct amount o CO2 or

their area. The VCG-27s little brother is called the VCG-6.

It shares the same eatures o the larger VCG-27 but it is

aimed at smaller set-ups and or people on a budget. All

VCG units complete with clean burning brass burners PRE-

INSTALLED, the appropriate regulator / hose and oer a 3

year warranty.

Check them out the next time you visit your local indoor

gardening retailer.

PRODUCTspotlight

Sentinal Releases New CO2 Controllers and Co2 Generators

Continued on page 114
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33/43
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34/43
http://www.3dorganicsllc.com/


35/43
http://www.3dorganicsllc.com/



by James W. Brown, Horticulturist

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C-plla wll a , agg gw

a fav . W a a l.

Gwg l al .

Pll wll pal g pla v-

plla, a wll

p w a l.

Greenhouse Cucumber Production SystemsC pla a gw g a

lk S Gw, kwl, pl. T

a pal a a ag l l

NFT (N Fl Tq). A k la l

w a . Ea a

avaag a la. M p p

A node on a European cucumber stem showing the lea, the ower, the sucker

and the tendril coming out o the same location.
http://www.capcontrollers.com/



g a fxl

g. C

a p gwg la-fa

pl-ll ag a pl-

ll D k.

T lz -

p a a a a

pla a al gwg

a. I w gw-

g val

pla a al p,

lz pla wl aj p. F

pl, a a lz pga v aa

pla gw a p a all al.

Greenhouse Environmental ConditionsC

g

w ag -

pla j

gw a p.

Ng pa

kp p a -

a 66 F

wll. I

g pa

g w lw

60 F a g, pla gw a p a wll

aall . I pa g a pl glw ag a g w w pa

l, pla wll lw a w a. B

l gw a p a lg a pa kp p

.

C pla

lk a ll wa

a a pla .

S pla

g a -

all wa a

pla. Kp

w lag

pla g

g. P

a g al

wa pla g.

T g lav l wa a

ll. I w lav g-

a p w pla gw

ppl. Ba pa a lw, a a ll

a w g

g a wa. A p pa wa a

Hobby Greenhouse Cucumber Production

Cucumber plant in 4 rockwool cube

setting on perlite in a Dutch bucket.

The Styrooam basket cover hides the

perlite.

Young cucumber plants on 4 rockwool blocks on

perlite flled lay at bags.

The growing point o this plant will be removed

due to the stem reaching the support wire and

growing along it.
http://www.harvest-master.com/



p g-

w lav

lw 50

p.

I a g-

,

pla wll pp wap lag a

la a a

xp pp

la gw. T ll

la a xpa ppl a

l a g. Lav a

wa wll all a pk. T wll apal

al p. T pla gw wll, ,

.

Hg lav lvl a g . Fg

p g lav wa pla

ga, gw, a ga pla .

Dg wa pa a, a pall w

a a agg pg a all, a w

wg lav

. P

, val

lg, g w

lav

g a lav

pla a a g k

g a .

Y aag lav

l w

a w wg

pa.

C av a g a lg. T a v

ll gw g Nv g Ja-

a p U.S. w pplal lg. W

lg lvl p, pla gw lw a gw

a vlp aall p. Aal lg a

ppl lg pla g lw-lg

p.

SeedingW a pl a wg, pla

l ga. Tpa, , a

p a all pa.

W a lk S Gw a kwl a

ag , pa p

a w wll

g w. Alg a lk pa-a a x,

pl, a wll gv g l gg -

lg pll l p , S Gw a k-

2 and 3 week old cucumber plants growing

in perlite bags in the oreground and in Dutch

buckets in the background.

A view o the growing point o a young

cucumber plant. New leaves are produced nearly

everyday as the young plant grows.




wl av a

a

al allw a p-

.

T g-

ag

a a wa aa

v

w

vlp. Ta

l g w

l . Ta wa a a l-

wll p p a lga. T a a

pk l .

I p a

pp , wll a

gw w p gav. O a

, k wll a ag pll

a a l p . A l

lk pl

wll gv a l a

app. A -

lk S Gw

kwl wll

al a.

A g pla l

agl

l k

l ak, lag a pla.

O ga,

g pla gw v apl a lg a v-

al a aval. W a wk 10 a

l a pa wll wa av

al g gwg pa a p

pla. Flw l l v p 10

la. T q

allw pla

vlp vgavl -

g la w

w .

C pla wll

p

a. I ak x

wk wg

g -

a pk. Y

a kp l ppl w w

ag w pla l pla a v. Y av

alla pa a plag ag.

Cucumber roots on a young cucumber plant

growing through the 4 rockwool blocks.

This cucumber plant became trapped in theunyielding rockwool.

The cucumber seeds were placed into the holes

in the rockwool upside down. The root emerged

into the air and turned down into the holes. The

media does not give to let the cotyledons be

pulled out o it.
http://%20http//www.hydroponics.com



Plant TrainingAlg a a wa a pla, w

wll l w a w vaa. T a a

g pla gwg vall. Ta q pp,

a wll pp wg pla

val p. Hag a p v w a p-

p w a pa g pp . T v

w a pla, a wll v g

gw pla.

Clp a pla v w a a pla

j lw a la. I wa pla pp

val p. Tw a av v

lp. T w l wapp all wa a

v w a wll l w w. T

w w a w g a pla j lw a la. T

g a ; a ll

l. Clp w l pla v 10 12 . p

pla.

Sk a l l v l a ap-

pa. A k a a laal. W wa l

gw w pla g. W wll a pla

l a pp w . T -

l all g k a pla

. T l pla aal pp appag. W

v a wll wap a ag, l-

g a aall.

W pla gw p pp w v w

aa, l gw zall a pl

vg gwg p. Kp w k la-

al a zal p . L

ag w a gw. A wll

pll w. W ag w a

a a ll, a a gla, wa lg wa

pla w av a pla gwg -

. L k gw a laal pla . W

a laal gw w w 2 . f, gwg

European cucumbers ready to be picked. The ribbing on the ruit is still present.



p l v. O all a pk

, v ak k, w gwg

pla pla.

Egl Epa wll p

p . I a fw p a a a

a, pa a gg l

pp gw pla. Ba Alpa M wll

p a fw a a a a gla pa.

T wll p a w fw a a a a a

pk a . A a l, ag pla

g a a w Ba Alpa a w Epa . T pla gw a a, a

p l .

Picking CucumbersW l pk? T

q aw. T all av a

lg. T all lga al al

lg a a llg a. T l

pk llg

a .

T a v w pg

a v lg a l-

p ag p a. T wll a

paa pla. T a

, lk. T l v akg l

a wg . T a aag .

Pk l ga. T l

a 55 65 F. Epa l wapp

w pla wap kp lg a

g . T l w a

g pk. T Ba Alpa av k a, al-

g ll l, allw l a apl.

Beta Alpha cucumbers showing shorter ruit and two ruit ready to start growing

at the same node.

http://www.aeroflo.com/http://%20http//www.aeroflo.com


43/43

T a kp a pl a w g wapp,

a a l pla ag.

SummaryT gl av l lp ll l -

g alg w pla

a gwg. A a , a al a p-

a pga a lg a alla g pa

. Sg a g pa a pla a a all

a qkl lag a a allg. B g

al p ala w l w g a al a plgal wa a

a wll w xp.

A European cucumber being picked by liting so that the blossom end o the ruit

points up

MY
http://%20http//www.atami.com

Documents

Max Yield Mag - May June 08