Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 1 Long-Baseline Experiments in North America Maury Goodman ANL NOW 2008 September 2008

Maury Goodman, ANLNOW 2008 September 2008

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Long-Baseline Experiments in North America

Maury Goodman ANL

NOW 2008 September 2008


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Preface: “Long-Baseline” Definition

Dictionary definition of long - “having considerable linear extent in space”

Longer than before / Off the site of the accelerator

Beam -- L >> length of beam pipe YES

Which implies the far detector sees a point source of neutrinos

Physics – L >> E/(2.54 m322 ) ~ 1500km NO


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Preface:[Factors in North America/US]

• National Planning in the US is done by a panel called HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel)

• Long-Term Planning is done every few years by subpanels

• A recent innovation is to have a panel called P5 (Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel) maintain a roadmap.

• The highest priority project in a 2001 report was the ILC (Bagger-Barish Panel)

• The ILC Central Design Group Reference Design Report reported an ILC cost in August 2007. The advertised cost was $6.6B. The estimated US project cost is $21.9B. [These are the same number!]

• Too much ->-> Therefore new study


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P5 report May 29 08 report aka Baltay panel


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Outline

• MINOS a few results

• MINOS+ speculation & opinions

• NOA

• LB DUSEL– Water– Liquid Argon

Thanks to M. Sanchez, H. Gallagher, G. Feldman, M. Diwan, N. Saoulidou, M. Messier, M. Bishai, G. Rameika, R. Svoboda, Y.K. Kim, K. Lesko, B. Fleming, L. Pinella,


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Plusmore baselines…

• To have some more facts in this talk, I’ll mention several things having to do with baseball*.

Fully realizing a large fraction of my audience doesn’t care in the least about baseball


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MINOS

• 484 planes of 4cm strips

SEE DETAILS FROM JUSTIN EVANS THIS AFTERNOON


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NuMI Beam Performance

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Tot

al P

roto

ns (

E20

)

12 May 2008


99

MINOS - m232

Energy Spectrum

Best Fit:|m2| = 2.43x10-3 eV2

sin2(2) =1.00

Eve

nts

/ G

eV

|m2| =(2.43±0.13) x 10-3 eV2 (68% C.L.)


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MINOSOther Analyses

• NC• Atmospheric s• Alternative fits to

oscillations• Time of flight• Search for Lorentz

Violation• Cosmic

• Cosmic shadows, seasonal variations,…

e for 13

Antineutinos for m232


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Cosmic RaysCharge Ratio

• Previously

flat• First rise in Charge Ratio

• Relevant variable is not E by Ecos

• Can be used to measure K+/K- & +/-

• Related to TeV associated production

• Relevant for Neutrino Telescope backgrounds ()


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e Sensitivity for 13

At CHOOZ limit expect 12 νe signal events and 42 background events with 3.25x1020 protons. Use sidebands to study predicted far detector backgrounds.


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MINOS plans

Þ Running on FNAL schedule through 2010 ~10e20 pot

Þ We want to continue running s beyond 2010Þ We want to run sÞ A “scenarios” group is devising a plan/proposalÞ Running beyond 2010 seems obvious, but you

never know.


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Baseball

They play almost every day (162-182/year) Many fans appreciate statistics You can understand about 70% of the game in

30 minutes Much that remains is fairly subtle Huge influence - metaphors on English language(MVP, double play, off base, hit it out of the park, pinch

hitter, foul ball, all-star, big league, rain check, …) Most common questions when I take a European to a

baseball game (~40,000)– Why are there no policeman?– What is light beer?


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NOA-Where?Ash River

Minneapolis

Duluth

International Falls

Fermilab

Ash River

Minneapolis

Duluth

International Falls

FermilabAsh River

VoyageursNational Park(shaded brown)

Ash River

VoyageursNational Park(shaded brown)

The Ash River site is the furthestavailable site from Fermilab alongthe NuMI beamline. This maximizesNOA’s sensitivity to the mass ordering.

Off-axis


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NOA designplastic filled with scintillator

An admirer

32-cell extrusions.

The planes alternate horizontal and vertical.


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NOAA significant Issue

• It takes a long time to build & fill• It is desirable to take data before it is complete

Gluing & Structural Engineering challenges

“The problem with plastic is that it is plastic”


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Signal & Background

x-z y-z2.2 GeVe QE CC

1.4 GeV QE CC

12.3 GeV NC

with a 1.2 GeV 0


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NOA – nonzero 13 ?


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NOA – mass hierarchy ?


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NOA – CP ?


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NOA oscillations

• NOA was approved at Fermilab and construction funds were included in the DOE 07-08 proposed budget ($12M first year of $260M)

• Funds also in Congressional budgets, but retroactively zero’d in a December 07 compromise

• P5 report recommended NOA, but not in all funding scenarios.

• A supplemental funding bill in July 08 included $9.2 M for NOA

• It recently passed its (second) CD2 review – not yet signed.

• Hardware & Civil projects that had been delayed are gearing back up.


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Chicago Cubs

• Haven’t won “World Series” since 1908

• 1630 teams• Cubs 4 wins -0 losses

on days that Italy has won the world cup

• 2008- This is the year


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Eamus CatuliiAnno Catulli 00 62 99


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Project X


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Protons at Fermilab

Now

ANU/NOA

Project X

SNuMI


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LHC including Upgrades, Particle Astrophysics (including Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

ILC R&D, EDR, Engineering, Decision, Industrialization, Construction, Running

Proj. X R&DILC cavities &Cryomodules,Overall Design

SNuMI

small

13

NOvA (0.7 MW) (1.2 MW)

larg

e 13

+2 yrs

base

line

+5 yrs

ILC

tiny 13

Precision Phase I Precision Phase II

Sketch of Integrated Plan (Sept. 18, 2007) [Y.K. Kim]

MuoncolliderR&D for future energy frontier colliders

DUSEL

+ Factory

4D cooling + …works

6D cooling + …works

extremely tiny 13

Project X

A Large Detectorat DUSEL

for Neutrinos

andProton Decay


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P5

DUSEL

Project X

ANU


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DUSEL

Long-Baseline


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3 100kt detectors?


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LB-DUSELA significant Issue

• It will take a long time to build & fill

• It will be desirable to take data before it is complete One of the arguments for Modular H2O


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Water or Liquid Argon?


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On-Axis or Off-Axis?

• On-Axis More flux

• Off-Axis Less Background

• Design a Flexible Beam?


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One (unofficial) notion of a LB-DUSEL schedule


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DUSEL long-baselineis a vision

The vision requires: (all cost figures MCG rumor quality)– DUSEL ($500M+)– A new beamline at Fermilab ($250M)– Project X ($1B)– A new huge detector ($500M-1B)

None of these currently exist or are “approved”

It is not clear that this fits the funding assumptions of P5, or that it is a community consensus.


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Other ideas

5 kt Ar at SoudanUse Brookhaven’s AGSDetector at 2nd maximum in NuMI beam

◙ Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider


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NOW 2020Intercontinental Long-Baseline

ETC…

JPARC-INO

CERN-INO

FNAL-INO


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• Neutrino Oscillation Industry Web Page http://www.neutrinooscillation.org/

http://www.hep.anl.gov/ndk/longbnews/


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Conclusions

• MINOS is taking data– Results at 4e20, m2

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– Expected ~ 10e20, 13

• NOA is coming• LB-DUSEL may be next• With regard to planning, (in my humble opinion) we

are overdue for an effective international context• Neutrino fans are in for exciting times• Chicago Cubs fans are looking forward to the 2008

baseball World Series


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Backup


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Documents

Maury Goodman, ANL NOW 2008 September 2008 1 Long-Baseline Experiments in North America Maury Goodman ANL NOW 2008 September 2008