Fungal Diversity

Mauritiana rh izoph orae gen. et sp. novo (Ascomycetes,Requienellaceae), with a list of terrestrial saprobic mangrovefungi

Asha D. Poonythl, Kevin D. Hyde2, Andre Aptrooe and Abed peerallyl

IFaculty of Science, The University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius2Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, TheUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; e-mail: kdhyde@hkucc.hku.hk3Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, p.a. Box 273, NL-3740 AG Baam, The Netherlands

Poonyth, A.D., Hyde, K.D., Aptroot, A. and Peerally, A. (2000). Mauritiana rhizophorae gen.et sp. novo (Ascomycetes, Requienellaceae), with a list of terrestrial saprobic mangrove fungi.Fungal Diversity 4: 101-116.

The new ascomycete genus Mauritiana is described. It is tentatively attributed to theRequienellaceae, but its relation to Passeriniella is also discussed. A list of all terrestrialmangrove fungi described so far is given.

Key words: Ascomycetes, mangrove fungi, Mauritiana, Mauritius, new genus, new species,Requienellaceae, review, saprobic, terrestrial.

IntroductionStudies on mangrove fungi have concentrated on the marine component of

the ecosystem (Hyde and Lee, 1995). There is also an important but poorlystudied part of the mangrove ecosystem that receives little or no salt spray andis virtually terrestrial (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer, 1979). This habitat has beenneglected as far as saprobic fungi are concerned. Kohlmeyer (1969) reviewedthe terrestrial fungi on Avicennia sp., Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lagunculariaracemosa and Rhizophora mangle. George and Kenneally (1975) reportedNectria sp., Pseudofavolus tenus (Hook.) G.H. Cunn and Phellinus gilvus(Schw.) Pat. as terrestrial mangrove fungi. Terrestrial fungi have been reportedsporadically from mangrove trees throughout the literature. Table 1 lists theterrestrial fungi reported on major and minor mangrove components as well ason the mangrove associates. The inventory was abstracted from Saccardo'sSylloge Fungorum (Volumes 1-26), Saccardo's ommissions, Petraks lists(Volumes 1-8), Index of fungi (Volumes 1-6, 1991-1999) and other relevantliterature. Only the terrestrial fungi (excluding lichenized fungi) on obviousmangal hosts are given. The terrestrial mangrove fungi that have been reportedso far are mostly mitosporic and foliar.

101

Taxonomy

Mauritiana Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot and Peerally, gen. novoEtymology: In reference to Mauritius where the fungus was first collected.Ascomata globosa vel obovata, immersa, ostiolata, gregaria. Asci 8-spori, bitunicati,

cylindricei vel cylindrico-clavati, dextrinoidei, ad apicem rotundati, et cum camera apiculi.Ascosporae fusiformae, ad extrema rotundatae, hyalinae, 9-13-distoseptatae, septae crassae etpigmentatae.

Ascomata globose to obovoid, immersed beneath thin, brown, non-coriaceous fungal tissue. Ostiole central, periphysate. Peridiumpseudostromatic, composed of several layers of thick-walled, elongated cells.Pseudoparaphyses filamentous, branched, septate, abundant. Asci 8-spored,bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, dextrinoid (IKI(lugol)+brown), apexrounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores smooth, fusiform, with roundedends, hyaline to very pale brown, 9-13-distoseptate, non-amyloid (IKI-), septathick, with dark pigmentation, slightly constricted at middle septum.

Type species: Mauritiana rhizophorae A.D. Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, A. Aptroot and A.Peerally.

Mauritiana rhizophorae Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot and Peerally, sp. novo(Figs. 1-11)

Etymology. In reference to the host, Rhizophora mucronata.Ascomata 390-410 /lm aIta, 310-325 /lm diam., globosa vel obovata, immersa, ostiolata,

gregaria. Peridium 40-60 /lm crassum. Asci 130-180 x 20-25 /lm (X = 156 x 21.8, n = 10), 8-spori, cylindricei vel cylindrico-c1avati, ad apicem rotundati, et cum camera apiculi.Ascosporae 29-40 x 9-13 /lm (X = 35.4 x 11 /lm, n = 20) fusiformae, ad extrema rotundatae,brunneae, ad apicem cellulae pallidae, 9-13-septatae, septae crassae, ad medium septum leviterconstrictae.

Ascomata 390-410 /lm high, 310-325 /lm diam., ovoid, immersed,substrate surface covered with a thin layer of brown pseudo stroma, gregarious(Fig. 1). Neck short, ostiolate, 40-60 /lm diam. (Fig. 1). Peridium 40-60 /lmwide, thicker around neck, pale brown, darker around neck, made up of thick-walled irregularly elongated cells not arranged in distinct layers (Fig. 2).Pseudoparaphyses 1.5-2 /lm diam., filamentous, septate, branched, numerous(Fig. 3). Asci 130-180 x 20-25 /lm (x = 156 x 21.8, n = 10), 8-spored,cylindrical or cylindric-clavate, apex rounded, with an ocular chamber, short-pedicellate, thick-walled (Figs. 4-6). Ascospores 29-40 x 9-13 /lm (x = 35.4 x11 /lm, n = 20), 2-3-seriate, smooth-walled, fusiform, with rounded ends, darkbrown with paler apical cells, 9-13-distoseptate, septa thick, slightly constrictedat middle septum, smooth-walled, lacking mucilaginous sheath (Figs. 7-11).

Host species: Rhizophora mucronata.Known distribution: Mauritius.

102

Fungal Diversity

Figs. 1-12. Mauritiana rhizophorae (from holotype). 1. Section through ascoma. Note the thinlayer of fungal tissue (pseudostroma?) on the host surface. 2. Peridium. 3. Paraphyses andimmature ascus. 4. Fissitunicate asci. 5-8. Ascospores with transverse septa and paler polar cells.9-12. Asci showing thickening of the apical wall. Bars: 1 = 40 !lm; 2, 4-12 = 10 !lm; 3 = 20 !lm.

103

Distribution References

Table]. Terrestrial mangrove fungi.

Host Fungi Niche

(A) Major componentsA vicelllliaceae

Avicennia spp. Eudimeriolum Leavesavicenniae Hansf.Inonotus Trunkcremeicinctus Corner

lrene sepulta (Pat.) LeavesToro

Avicennia Botrytis argillacea Barkeucalyptifolia var. avicenniae(Zipp.) McAlp.Moldenke

Tanzania

Singapore

Australia

Hansford, Mycological Papers15: 52 (1946)Corner, Beihefte zur NovaHedwigia 101: 71 (1991)(nom. invaI.)Patouillard, Illinois BiologicalMonographs 2: 14 (1916)

McAlpine, Proceeding of theRoyal Society of New SouthWales 22: 701 (1897)

Avicennia

germinans(L.) Steam

Avicenniamarina

(Forsk.)Vierh.

Sphaeronaemaavicenniae Gonz.

Frag. and Cif.

Cladosporiummarinum A.K. Pal

and Purkay

Leaves

Livingleaves

Dominican Gonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,Republic Boletin de la Sociedad

Espanola de Historia Natural26: 477 (1926)

West Bengal, Pal and Purkay, Journal ofIndia; Hong Mycopathological ResearchKong 30: 175 (1992).

Fomes avicenniae TrunkBacc.

J\yphophora Leavesavicenniae B. Sutton

Somalia

Queensland,Australia

Baccarani, Mission Stefanini-Paoli: 193 (1916)Sutton, Sydowia 43: 268(1991)

CombretaceaeLaguncularia Botryosphaeria ribis -

racemosa (L.) (Tode : Fr.) Grossenb.Gaertn. and Duggar

Botryosphaeria ribis -var. chromogenaShear et al.

Helminthosporillmglabroides F. Stevens

104

Irene lagunculariae(Earle) ToroMeliola nigra F.Stevens

Micropeltislagllnclllariae G.Winter

Physalosporalagllncularia Rehm

Livingleaves

Livingleaves

Leaves

Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)

Porto Rico Earle, Muhlenbergia 1: 11(1901)

Porto Rico Stevens, Illinois BiologicalMonographs 2: 505 (1916)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)

Brazil Rehm, Hedwigia 40: 113(1901)

Table 1. (continued).

Fungal Diversity

Host FungiNicheDistributionReferences

Schizothyrium

LeavesBrazilWinter, Hedwigia 29: 159

lagunculariae (G.

(1890)

Winter) v. Arx LumnitzeraMeliola pelliculosaLivingPhilippinesSydow and Sydow, Philippine

racemosa

Syd. and P. Syd.andJournal of Science 8: 480

Wild.wilting(1913)

leavesPalmae Nypa fruticansAstrosphaeriellaRachidBrunei,Cooke, Grevillea 16: 92 (1888)

(Thunb.)

nipicola (Cooke andIndonesia,Hyde and Frohlich, SydowiaWurmb.

Massee) K.D. HydeMalaysia50: 108(1997)and J. Frohl. Fasciatispora petrakii Rachid

MalaysiaHyde and Alias, Mycoscience

(Mhaskar and V.G.

40: 145 (1999)

Rao) K.D. Hyde Neolinocarpon

RachidMalaysiaHyde and Alias, Mycoscience

nypicola K.D. Hyde

40: 148 (1999)and Alias Oxydothis nypicola

RachidBruneiHyde, Sydowia 46: 298 (1994)

K.D. Hyde Rhipidocarpon

LeavesIndonesia,Patouillard, Annales du Jardin

javanicum (Pat.)

PhilippinesBotanique de Buitenzorg,

Theiss and Syd.

Suppl 1: 122 (1897)

Rhizophoraceae BruguieraPhyllostictina elodea DeadPhilippinesSydow, Annales Mycologici

gymnorrhiza

Syd. leaves30: 110(1932)

(L.) Lamk. BruguieraHelminthosporiumLanguidSingaporeSaccardo, Bulletino dell' Orto

hainesii e.G. subsimile Sacc.

and deadBotanico della Universita di

Rogers

leavesNapoli 6: 61 (1918)

Meliola bruguierae

LeavesPhilippinesSydow, Leaflet of Philippine

Syd.

Botany 9: 3116 (1925)

Podosporium consors Languid

SingaporeSaccardo, Bulletin. OrtoSacc.

leavesBotanico della Universita

Napoli 6: 63 (1918)Ceriops tagal

Meliola ceriopsisLivingBruneiHansford, Sydowia 10: 68

(Perr.) e.B.

Hansf. leaves(1957)Robinson Meliola elodea Syd.

LeavesBorneoSydow, Annales Mycologici

36: 87 (1928)Rhizophora L.

AscochytellaLivingDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,

rhizophoropsis Cif.

leavesRepublicBoletin de la Sociedad

and Gonz. Frag.

Espanola de Historia Natural

276: 76 (1926)

105

Table 1. (continued).

Host

FungiNicheDistributionReferences

Tremates rhizophorae Trunk

Papua NewReichardt, Fungi, Hepaticae etReich.

GuineaMusci: 139 (1870)

Rhizophora

CercosporaLeavesFloridaCreager, Mycologia 54: 536

mangle

rhizophorae Creager (1962)

Crepidotus

DeadFlorida,Singer, Zeitschrift fUrkrieglsteineri Singer

woodU.S.A.Mykologie 54: 70 (1988)

Leptothyrium

LeavesDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,rhizophorae Gonz.

RepublicPublicaciones del Estacion

Frag. and Cif.Agronomia de Moca, Ser B.

13: 14 (1928)Pestalotia

-- Guba, Monograph of

disseminata Thtim.Monochaetia and Pestalotia:

140 (1961)Pestalotia guepini

-- Seymour, Host index of the

Desm.Fungi of North America: 522

(1929)Pestalotia

-- Guba, Monograph of

longiaristata Maubl.

Monochaetia and Pestalotia:

244 (1961)Pestalotia versicolor -

-Guba, Monograph of

Speg.

Monochaetia and Pestalotia:

233 (1961)Pestalotia

-- Guba, Monograph of

zahlbruckneriana

Monochaetia and Pestalotia:

Henn.187 (1961)

Phellinus gilvus

-- Kohlmeyer, Transactions of

(Schw.) Pat.the British Mycological

Society 53: 243 (1969)Phoma rhizophorae

DeadWest AfricaTassi, Bulletino delF. Tassi

branchLaboratorio ed Orto Botanicodella Real Universita di Siena3: 145 (1899)Phomopsis

BrazilBatista et al., Anais darhizophorae Bat. and

Sociedade de Biologia deH.Maia

Pemambuco 13: 193 (1955)

Physalospora

-BrazilBatista et al., Anais da

rhizophorae Bat. and

Sociedade de Biologia deH. Maia

Pernambuco 13: 195 (1955)

Physalosporopsis

-BrazilBatista et al., Anais darhizophoricola Bat.

Sociedade de Biologia deand H. Maia

Pernambuco 13: 83 (1955)

Psathyrella

DeadHawaiiSinger, Beiheft Sydowia 7: 74

rhizophorae Singer

young(1973)

plants

106

Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).

Leaves Ryukyu Kobayashi and Onuki, ReportsIsland, Japan of the Tottori Mycological

Institute 28: 160 (1990)

Fungi Niche

Pterosporidium Livingrhizomorphae leaves(Kunze) W.H. Ho andK.D. HydePterosporidium Livingrhizophorae (Currey) leavesW.H. Ho and K.D.

HydeTrametes rhizophorae -Reich.

Host

Rh izoph oraracemosa

Meyer

Rhizophorastylosa Griff.

SonneratiaceaeSonneratia

caseolaris

(L.) Engl.

Sonneratia sp.

PseudocercosporarhizophoricolaDeighton

Phyllostictahiratsukae Kobay.and Onuki

Polystigmasonneratiae Petr.

Polystigmasonneratiae Petr.

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves

Distribution

Bermuda

Sierra Leone

Philippines

Queensland,Australia

References

Ho and Hyde, CanadianJournal of Botany 74: 1827(1996)

Ho and Hyde, CanadianJournal of Botany 74: 1828(1996)

Reichart, Fungi, Hepaticae etMusci: 139 (1870)

Deighton, Mycological Papers140: 86 (1976)

Sydow and Petrak, AnnalesMycologici 29: 214 (1931);Hyde and Cannon, AustralianSystematic Botany 5: 415(1992)

Hyde and Cannon, AustralianSystematic Botany 5: 415(1992)

(B) Minor componentsEuphorbiaceae

Excoecaria Colletotrichum sp.agallocha L.

Pestalotiopsisagallochae A.K. Paland Purkay.Pseudocercosporasp.Skierka agallochaRacib.

LivingleavesLeaves

LivingleavesLeaves

Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished

West Bengal, Pal and Purkayastha, JournalIndia of Mycopathological Research

30: 173 (1992; nom. inval.)Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished

Java Raciborski, Bulletininternationale de I' Academiede Sciences Cracovie, Classemathematique et nature: 275(1909)

107

Table 1. (continued).

Distribution References

Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished

Host FungiMeliolaceae

Xylocarpus Meliola elodea Syd.granatumKonig

MyrsinaceaeAegiceras Glomerella sp.

corniculatum

(L.) BlancoLasiothyriumcycloschizon Syd.and P. Syd.Mycosphaerella sp.

Niche

Leaves

Livingleaves

Livingand deadleaves

Livingleaves

Borneo

Manila,Philippines

Hong Kong

Annales Mycologici 26: 87(1928)

Sydow, Philippine Journal ofScience, Section C, Botany 8:503 (1913)Ho and Hyde, unpublished

Phaeothyriumpulchellum Petr.Setella halophila F.E. -Fisher

Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 33: 311 (1941)

Fisher, Proceedings of theRoyal Society Victoria, NS 62:159 (1950)Berkeley, Australian Fungi:313 (1881)

Petrak, Sydowia 1: 12 (1947)

Bermuda

Australia

Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished

Florida, USA Tracy and Earle, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:186(1901)

Venezuela Chupp and Muller, Boletin dela Sociedad Venezolana deCiencias Naturales 8: 42

(1942)Bermuda Roane, Chestnut blight, other

Endothia diseases, and thegenus Endothia: 36 (1986)

Bermuda Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 34: 517 (1942);Dumont, Mycologia 68: 239(1976)

Bermuda Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 38: 196 (1946)

Hainan,China

Queenland,Australia

Deadleaves

Leaves

Leaves

Livingleaves

Bark

Mycosphaerella sp.

Moellerodiscus

conocarpi(Seaverand Waterston)DumontSchizotrichum Fallen

conocarpi Seaver and decayingWaterston leaves

Stictis conocarpiSeaver and Waterston

Endothiellacoccolobii Roane

Acanthostigmaconocarpi Tracy andEarle

Cercosporaconocarpi Chupp andMuller

Sphaerostilbe dubiaBerk.

(C) Mangrove associatesAcanthaceaeAcanthus

ilic ifolius L.Combretaceae

Conocarpuserectus L.

108

Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).

Diplodia catappae NutsCookeFomes terminaliae S. -Ito and M. Imai

Cercospora catappae LeavesHenn.

Cercospora Leavesgeraisensis Chupp

Fusicoccum Leaves

microspermum Har.and P. Karst.

Gloeosporium Leavesterminaliae Syd. andE.J. ButlerGnomoniella Leaves

catappae Koord.

Brazil

Japan

Burma

References

Katumoto and Harada,Transactions of the

Mycological Society of Japan20: 418 (1979)Hennings, BotanischeJahrbticher: 56 (1903)Chupp, A Monograph of theFungus Genus Cercospora:115(1954)

Bengal, India Cooke, Grevillea 4: 114(1876)Ito and Imai, Transactions ofthe Sapporo Natural HistorySociety 16: 125 (1940)

Dominican Hariot and Karsten,Republic Revue Mycologique 12: 128

(1890)Sydow and Butler, AnnalesMycologici 14: 219 (1916)

Java Koorders, Verhandelingen derKoninklijke Akademie vanWetenschappen te Amsterdam,Tweede Sectie, 13: 193 (1907)

Zanzibar

Distribution

Bonin

Islands,Japan

Niche

LeavesFungi

Apiognomoniaterminaliae Katum.and Y. Harada

Host

Terminalia

catappa L.

Harknessiaterminaliae Sawada

Hendersonia

catappae Petr.Hyphodermavulkanense Gilb. andAdask.

Peroneutypellagraphidioides Syd.Phomopsisterminaliae (P. Henn)B. Sutton.

Leaves

LanguidleavesDead

plant

Deadwood

Taiwan

Philippines

Hawaii

Philippines

Brazil andZambia

Sawada, Special Publicationsof the College of Agricultureof the National Taiwan

University 8: 160 (1959; nom.inval.)Petrak, Annales Mycologici26: (1928)Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 376 (1993)

Sydow, Philippine Journal ofScience, Sect. C, 9: 163 (1914)Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 14(1908); B. Sutton, TheCoelomycetes, Fungiimpecfecti with pycnidia,acervuli and stromata: 573

(1980)

109

Table 1. (continued).

Trametes demoulinii DeadG. Castillo wood

Phyllosticta latispora LeavesVerwoerd and DuPlessis

Phyllosticta catappae LeavesSyd.Polyrhizon Leavesterminaliae (Syd.)Theiss. and Syd.Pseudocercospora Leavescatappae Goh andW.H. Hsieh

Ramularia catappae LeavesRacib.

Sphacelomaterminaliae Bitanc.

Host Fungi

Phomopsisterminaliae Sawada

Niche

Leaves

Distribution

Taiwan

South Africa

Burma

India

Taiwan

Java

Brazil

Papua NewGuinea

References

Sawada, Special Publicationsof the College of Agricultureof the National Taiwan

University 8: 160 (1959; nom.inval.)Verwoerd and Du Plessis,South African Journal of

Science 7: 230 (1909)Sydow, Annales Mycologici14: 181 (1916)Sydow and Butler, AnnalesMycologici 9: 401 (1911)

Goh and Hsieh, Cercosporaand Similar Fungi fromTaiwan: 57 (1990)Raciborski, Parasitische Algenund Pilze Javas 2: 41 (1900)Bitancourt, Archivos doInstituto Biologico 8: 197(1937)Castillo, Mycotaxon 51: 479(1994)

EupllOrbiaceaeHippomane

mancinellaeL.

Ganoderma Dry trunk Grenadapulverulentum Murill

Meliola hippomaneae Living PanamaStevens leaves

Murrill, Bulletin of the TorreyBotanical Club 35: 121 (1908)

Stevens, Annales Mycologici26: 284 (1928)

Goodeniaceae

Scaevola Hyphodermataccada scaevolae Boidin and

(Gaertn.) GillesRoxb.

GuttiferaeCalophyllum Dwibeeja sundara Bark

inophyllum L. Subram.Exosporiumcalophylli Syd.

Gloeosporium Fruitscalophylli Trel.

Macrophomacalophylli Syd.

110

Reunion

Singapore

Philippines

CarolineIsland

India

Boidin and Gilles,Cryptogamie, Mycologie 12:121 (1991)

Subramanian, Cryptogamie,Mycologie 13: 117 (1992)Sydow and Sydow, PhilippineJournal of Science, Sect. C, 9:163 (1914)Trelease, Report of the EclipseExpedition to Caroline Island:90 (1883)Sydow, Annales Mycologici14: 188 (1966)

Fungal Diversity

Table 1. (continued). Host

FungiNicheDistributionReferences

Polyporus ramosii

DeadPhilippinesMurril1, Bul1etin of the Torrey

(Murril1) Sacc. and

woodBotanical Club 35: 400 (1908)Trotter

Calophyllum

Haplographium-Mauritius

Wiehe, Mycological Papersinophyllum

calophylli Wiehe 29: 5 (1949)var. tacamahaLecythidaceaeBarringtonia

GloeosporiumLeavesHawaiiStevens and Young, Bernice

asiaticae (L.) barringtoniae

Bishop Museum Bul1etin 19:Kurz.

Stevens and Young 144(1925)

Barringtonia

ScolecotrichumLeavesMadagascarViennot-Bourgin, Bul1etin deracemosa

barr ingtoniae la Societe Mycologique de

(L.) Spreng.

Viennot-Bourgin France 79: 108 (1963)

Leguminosae (Cae~'alp illuideae)CaesalpiniaHelminthosporiumLeavesBrazilHennings, Hedwigia 43: 95

bonduc (L.)

bonducellae Henn. (1904)Roxb.

Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 260(1908)Sydow and Sydow, Hedwigia40: 64 (1901)

Petrak and Ciferri, AnnalesMycologici 30: 210 (1932)

Stevens, Botanical Gazette 69:256 (1920)Petrak and Cifferi, Annales

Mycologici 30: 155 (1932)Rehm, Philippine Journal ofScience, Ser. C, 8: 181 (1913)

Kenya andMadagascar

Philippines

Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished;Cannon, Mycological Papers163: 194 (1991)

Dominican

RepublicPhilippines

Dominican

Republic

Puerto Rico

West Bengal, Yen, Kar and Das, MycotaxonIndia 16: 84 (1982)

Leaves

Livingleaves

Livingleaves

Livingleaves

Leaves

Leaves

Phyllachora yapensis Livingsubsp. pongamiae leaves(Berk. and Br.) P.F.Cannon

Asterina derridisHenn.

Hapalophragmium Livingderridis H. and P. leaves

Syd.

Derris trifoliataLour.

Phaeoisariopsiscaesalpiniae lM.Yen, A.K. Kar, B.K.Das

Phyllosticta bonducStevens

Asterina ciferianaPetr.Meliola

cylindrophora Rehm

(Papilionoideae)Dalbergia Mycosphaerella

ecastophylla devia Petr. and Cif.(L.) Taub.

Derris sp.

Caesalpiniacrista L.

111

Ta ble 1. (continued).

Dry twigs India

Soni, Dadwal and Jamaluddin,Current Science 52: 601

(1983)Agarwal and Gypli,Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of India,Sect. B, Biological Sciences58: 341 (1988)Ram and Mallaiah,Mycological Research 97: 127(1993)

Berkeley and Broome, FungiofCeylon # 839 (1880)Raciborski, Parasitische Algenund Pilze Javas 3: 36 (1900)Ramchandra Rao,Mycopathologia et MycologiaApplicata 28: 359 (1966)Nag Raj and Ponnappa,Current Science 37: 417(1968)

Singapore

French

Polynesia

References

Saccardo, Bulletino dell' OrtoBotanico della RegiaUniversita di Napoli 24: 18(1918)Saccardo, Bulletino dell' OrtoBotanico della RegiaUniversita di Napoli 24: 18(1918)

New Guinea Hennings, BotanischeJahrbticher der Systematik 18,Beibl. 44: 40

Patouillard, Bulletin de laSociete Mycologique deFrance 22: 46 (1906)

West Bengal, Kar and Mandal, TransactionsIndia of the British Mycological

Society 53: 351 (1969)Berkeley and Broome, Fungiof Ceylon # 1128 (1880)

India

Sri Lanka

India

Java

India

India

Sri Lanka

Fruit

Fruit

Leaves

Niche Distribution

Cortex of Singaporerottingfruit

Leaves

Pods

Leaves

Deadbranches

Leaves

Gloeosporiuminocarpi Sacc.

Fungi

Diplodia inocarpiSacc.

Mapea radiata Pat.

Helotium inocarpiHenn.

Cercosporapongamiae A.K. Karand M. Mandal

Cryptomycespongamiae (Berk.and Br.) Sacc.Dothiorella indica

Soni, Dadwal andJamaluddin

Eutypella pongamiaeG.P. Agarwal andGypli

Pseudocercospora Livingpongamiae-pinnatae leavesM.R. Ram andMallaiahRavenaLia sriClicaBerk. and Br.

Stigmatea pongamiae LeavesRacib.

TryblidariapongamiaeRamchandra RaoUrohendersonia

pongamiae Nag Rajand Ponnappa

Host

lnocarpusfagifer(Parkinson)Fosberg

Pongamiapinnata (L.)Pierre

112

Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).

Cercospora hibiscina Leaves MexicoElIis and Everh.

Colletotrichum

-Brazil

hibiscicola Rangel Dacrymyces

DeadTahitiintermedius L.S.

twigOlive Diplodia natalensis

Gloeosporium

LivingFormosahibisci-tiliacea

leavesSawada

Gnomoniella hibisci

-Taiwan

Sawada

Melio/a procera Cif. -

Meliola triumfettae F. LeavesStevens

Botryosphaeria ribis -var. chromogenaShear, N.E. Stevensand Wilcox

Capnobotrys hibisci LeavesMercado

Cercospora hibisci LeavesTracy and Earle

Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 377 (1993)Hansford, Sydowia 10: 44(1957)Petch, Annals of the RoyalBotanic Gardens Peradenyia 9:320 (1925)Ciferri, Annales Mycologici36: 220 (1938)Stevens, Illinois BiologicalMonograph 2: 498 (1916)

Pole-Evans, TransvaalAgricultural Journal 4: 15(1905)Sawada, Report of theDepartment of Agriculture,Government Research

Institute, Formosa 51: 106(1931)Sawada, Journal of theTaihoku Society ofAgriculture and Forestry 7:126(1942)Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 374 (1993)

Mercado, Acta BotanicaCubana 23: 2 (1984)Tracy and Earle, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club1895: 179(1895)Ell is and Everhart,Proceedings of the Academyof National Sciences,Philadelphia 4: 38 (1895)Rangel, Boletim deAgricultura 16: 321 (1915)Olive, Bulletin of the TorreyBotanical Club 85: 108 (1958)

Shear, Stevens and Wilcox,Journal of AgriculturalResearch 28: 589 (1924)

Dominican

RepublicPuerto Rico

Sri Lanka

Hawaii

Puerto Rico

Hawaii

Louisina,D.S.A.

Cuba

Distribution References

DeadbranchesLeaves

Leaves

Niche

HyphodermacrystallophorumGilb. and Adask

Hyphodontia alohaGilb. and Adask.

Irenopsis mollerianavar. major Hansf.Lasionectriadothideicola Petch

FungIHost

MalvaceaeHibiscus

tiliaceus L.

113

Table 1. (continued).

Host

FungiNicheDistributionReferences

Mollisia petiolorum

-HawaiiCash, Mycologia 30: 103Cash.

(1938)Patellaria atrata

-- Cash, Mycologia 30: 103

(Hedw.) Fr.(1938)

Phyllachora minuta

-- Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 143Henn.

(1902)Phragmodothis

LeavesTaiwanSawada, Special Publicationshibisci Sawada

of the College of Agricultureof the National TaiwanUniversity 8: 55 (1959; nom.inva!.)Physalospora fusca

-- Stevens and Shear, MycologiaStevens and Shear

18: 210 (1926)Physalospora hibisci Leaves

JavaRaciborski, Parasitische AIgenRacib.

und Pilze Javas I: 17 (1900)Sebacina gloeofilum

DeadTahitiOlive, Bulletin of the TorreyL.S. Olive

branchBotanical Club 85: 22 (1958)Sebacina minima

RottingTahitiOlive, Bulletin of the TorreyL.S. Olive

woodBotanical Club 85: 89 (1958)Tulasnella bifrons

-Bourdot and Galzin, BulletinBourdot and Galzin

de la Societe Mycologique deFrance 29: 264 (1923)Tulasnella pacifica

DeadTahitiOlive, Mycologia 49: 665L.S. Olive

wood(1957)Tulasnella violea

-- Bourdot and Galzin, Bulletin(Que!.) Bourdot and

de la Societe Mycologique deGalzin

France 25: 31 (1909)Pavonia spicata Meliola pavoniae Cif. -

DominicanCiferri, Mycopathologia 7:Cav.

Republic170 (1954)Thespesia

AscochytellaLeavesDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,populnea (L.) thespesiae Frag and

RepublicBoletin de la SociedadSolander

Cif. Espanola de Historia Natural28: 139(1928)Botryodiplodia

DeadDominicanPetrak and Ciferri, Annalesthespesiae Petr. and

branchRepublicMycologici 28: 408 (1930)Cif. Cercosporella

-IndiaThiromalachar andthespesiae

Narasimhan, Sydowia 4: 66Thirumalachar and

(1950)Narasimhan Haplosporella

LeavesDominicanCiferri, Sydowia 10: 155thespesiae Cif.

Republic(1957)Hemidothis

LeavesDominicanCiferri, Sydowia 10: 157pellitiformis Cif.

Republic(1957)

114

Fungal Diversity

Table 1. (continued).

Host Fungi Niche

Phomopsis thespesiae LeavesPadmabai Luke and

Narayana ReddySeptoria thespesiaeT.S. and K.Ramakrishna

Distribution

India

India

References

Padmabai Luke and NarayanaReddy, Current Science 48:590(1979)Ramakrishna and

Ramakrishna, Proceedings ofthe National Academy ofSciences of India 26: 11

(1947)

Rhabdospora Dry Portugalphoenicis Almo and branchL. Campb.

Palmae

Oncospermatigillarium(Jack) Ridl.

Phoenixreclinata

Jacq.

Dictyochaetatumidoseta Kuthub.and Nawawi

Exosporium preisiiBubak

Deadraches

Leaves

Malaysia Kuthubutheen and Nawawi,

Myco10gical Research 95:1215 (1991)

Bubak, Annales Myco10gici 2:460 (1904)

A1mo and Campbell, Bo1etimda Sociedade Broteriana 25:

55 (1909)

SapindaceaeAllophyllus Cercospora

cobbe (L.) BI. allophylorum Karand Mandal

West Bengal, Kar and Manda1, IndianIndia Phytopathology 26: 679

(1973)

Material examined: MAURlTIUS, Grand Gaube, Me1ville mangrove, on deaddecorticated Rhizophora mucronata wood still attached to living tree, Jan. 1995, A.D. Poonyth[HKU(M) 10219, HOLOTYPE].

DiscussionThe genus Mauritiana is introduced to accommodate the present collection

of an undescribed fungus. Mauritiana is placed in the Pyrenulales s.s.(Melanommatales s.l.; Dothideales s.l.) as it has immersed ascomata, interascaltissue composed of branched pseudoparaphyses, thick-walled, tissitunicateasci, and brown, septate ascospores constricted at the middle septum(Hawksworth et al., 1995). The relationships of Mauritiana are unclear, but itseems closest to Requienella in the Requienellaceae (Boise, 1986; Aptroot,1991), because of the distoseptate, dextrinoid ascospores and the broad cellularpseudoparaphyses. It mainly differs by the partly hyaline ascospores which aremainly pigmented at the septa. It is thus related with lichenized fungi andseems best accommodated in the Requienellaceae. An attempt to identify thefungus using Luttrell's (1973) key for Loculoascomycetes led to the genusPasseriniella Berl. Ascomata of Passeriniella are immersed beneath a thin

stroma, are composed of two distinct layers and have a relatively long,

115

erumpent, ostiolate neck, while those of Mauritiana are immersed beneath a

thin layer of non-coriaceous fungal tissue and have only a short neck openingon the surface of the host (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988). Both genera havetransversely septate, brown ascospores, with paler apical cells, but theascospores of Passeriniella are 3-septate, while those of Mauritiana have 9-13septa (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988; Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer,1991). The family arrangement of Passeriniella is uncertain (Hawkworth et al.,1995) and this is true of Mauritiana. Passeriniella savoryellopsis K.D. Hydeand Mouzouras and P. obiones (Crouan and Crouan) K.D. Hyde andMouzouras, the only species two species comprising the genus Passeriniella,have been reported from intertidal mangroves (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988;Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 1991).

One hundred and sixty-three fungi are listed from mangroves andmangroves associates in Table 1.

AcknowledgementsThe Tertiary Education Commission of Mauritius is thanked for fmancial support for this

work. Helen Leung is thanked for technical assistance.

References

Aptroot, A. (1991). A monograph of the Pyrenulaceae (excluding Anthracothecium andPyrenula) and the Requienellaceae, with notes on the Pleomassariaceae, theTrypetheliaceae and Mycomicrothelia (lichenized and non-lichenized ascomycetes).Bibliotheca Lichenologica44: 1-178.

Boise, 1. (1986). Requienellaceae, a new family of Loculoascomycetes. Mycologia 78: 37-41.George, A.S. and Keneally, K.F. (1975). The flora of the Prince Regent river reserve.

Dissertation, The University of Hong Kong.Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, RC. and Pegler, D.N. (1995). Ainsworth and Bisby's

Dictionary ofthe Fungi. 8th edn. Cambridge University Press, CAB International, U.K.Hyde, K.D. and Lee, S.Y. (1995). Ecology of mangrove fungi and their role in nutrient cycling:

what gaps occur in our knowledge? Hydrobiologia 295: 107-118.Hyde, K.D. and Mouzouras, R. (1988). Passeriniella savoryellopsis sp. nov., a new

ascomycete from intertidal mangrove wood. Transactions of the British MycologicalSociety 91: 179-185.

Kohlmeyer, 1. (1969). Ecological notes on fungi in mangrove forests. Transactions of theBritish Mycological Society 53: 237-250.

Kohlmeyer, 1. and Kohlmeyer, E. (1979). Marine Mycology. The Higher Fungi. AcademicPress, New York.

Kohlmeyer, 1. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1991). Illustrated key to the higher marine fungi.Botanica Marina 34: 1-61.

Luttrell, E. S. (1973). Loculoascomycetes. In: The fungi. A taxonomic review with keys. VolumelVB (eds. G.c. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman). Academic Press, London,U.K.: 135-222.

(Received 10 Jan. 2000, accepted 21 Feb. 2000)

116