Matter- Properties and Changes

By: Ms. BurokerScott High School

Just to Review….

What is Matter?Anything that has mass and takes up space.

In this unit we will discuss:Mixtures of Matter

Properties of MatterChanges in Matter

Elements and Compounds

Matter

Video

Pure Substances

Pure Substance: Matter that has a uniform

and unchanging composition

Impure Substances

Mixtures: Contains two or more pure substances that are NOT chemically joined together!

Examples of Homogenous and

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogenous Mixtures

SolutionsSolute: dissolved materialSolvent: dissolving material

Alloy:Mixture of metalsExamples: bronze (copper and tin), brass (copper and zinc), stainless steel

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Colloid:A mixture which falls midway between homogeneous and heterogeneous. It looks uniform without magnification but different phases can be seen under a microscope

Examples: fog, gelatin

Separating MixturesFiltration: A technique using a porous barrier to separate a solid

from a liquidDistillation:A technique based on the different boiling points of the

substances involved.Crystallization:A technique that results in the formation of pure solid

particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

Chromatography: A technique that separates based on the tendency of one

material to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.

Evaporation, Decanting

Matter

Properties of Matter

Extensive Intensive

Extensive Properties are those that depend on the amount of substance present.Examples: mass, length, and volume

Intensive Properties are those that do NOT depend on the amount of substance present.Examples: color, oder, and density

Physical Properties

MetalsDuctile: They can be drawn into wireMalleable: The can be hammered into

sheetsLuster: They shine in a way typical of

metals

Properties of CopperPhysical Properties Chemical Properties

*Reddish brown, shiny*Easily shaped into sheets (malleable) and drawn into wires (ductile)*Good conductor of heat and electricity*Density = 8.92g/cm3

*Melting Point = 1085○C*Boiling Point = 2570○C

*Forms green copper carbonate compound when in contact with moist air*Forms new substances when combined with nitric acid and sulfuric acid*Forms a deep blue solution when in contact with ammonia

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Physical Changes:Alter a substance with out changing its

composition … there are no changes to its chemical properties or composition

Chemical Changes:Involves one or more substances into a

new substance “chemical reaction.”

Please Answer The Following Questions ….

1.) Give me three examples of an extensive physical property.

2.) If I had a sample of contaminated water, and I needed to clean it up for analysis; what is a way I could separate the components?

3.) If I take sugar and dissolve it completely in a glass of ice tea, have I created a homogenous or a heterogeneous mixture?

4.) In the glass of ice tea from the previous question, name the solute and the solvent.

5.) What is an alloy?

6.) When I place a nail outside and leave it there, over time, it will rust … is this a physical or a chemical property?

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can neither be created or destroyed during chemical reactions. Antoine Lavoisier

States of MatterSolid: a form of matter that has its own definite shape

and volume.

1.) Particles are packed tightly

2.) When heated, particles expand slightly3.) Incompressible

Liquid: a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container.

1.) Particles are able to move past each other allowing a liquid to flow.

2.) Liquids tend to expand when heated3.) Virtually incompressible

Gas: a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape to its container and fills the entire volume of its container.

1.) particles are very far apart

2.) easily compressible due to the large amount of space between the particles

3.) Note: Gas and Vapor are NOT the same thing!

ElementsElements are substances that are composed of one … and only one … type of atom (our smallest building block of matter).

The periodic table is our way of organizing the elements in a way that makes sense. Groups or Families vertical columns of elements that share propertiesPeriods horizontal rows that are arranged in increasing atomic number

Compounds

Law of Definite ProportionsRegardless of amounts, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

Percent by mass % = mass of element X 100

mass of compound