Matter an intro

8/12/2019 Matter an intro

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MATTER:- properties

-classification

-changes it undergoes


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OBJECTIVES

What is matter?

What are some properties of matter?

What type of changes does matter undergoand what results from these changes?

How is matter classified?


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What is MATTER?


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STATESof Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

BEC


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Solid Liquid Gas

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.htmlhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html


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Properties of Matter

PHYSICAL

Physical properties are any properties

of matter which can be perceivedor observed without changing the

chemical identity of the sample.

Color, odor, hardness, density,melting point, boiling point,state, solubility.


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CHEMICALProperties of matter that may only be

observed and measured by

performing a chemical change orchemical reaction.

Chemical properties cannot be

determined by touching or

viewing a sample; the structure of

the sample must be altered for the

chemical properties to become

apparent.


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CHEMICALExamples of chemical

properties:

reactivity with other

chemicals

toxicity

flammability

heat of combustionprecipitation

chemical stability

types of chemical

bonds that will form


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Changes that Matter Undergoes

PHYSICAL CHANGE

- a change in the physical

properties of a substance

- composition does not change.

- may be reversible or irreversible

- PHASE CHANGE


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Bromine

Gas

(Vapor)

Liquid


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Changes that Matter Undergoes

CHEMICAL CHANGE

- a change that produces

matter with a different

composition than theoriginal matter.

- atoms rearrange

themselves into new

combinations.

- also called chemicalreaction.


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How do we know if a chemical

change has happened?


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Recognizing a Chemical Change

energy exchange

production of a gas (bubbling)

color change

formation of a precipitate


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Pure Substance

Matter that has a uniform anddefinite composition.

Elements

Compounds


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Mixture: a physical blend of two or

more substances that are notchemically combined.

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous


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MIXTURES vs PURE SUBSTANCES

Mixtures are of

variable compositions

Pure substances

(compounds) are of

very specific

compositions

Definite chemical

composition and

formula


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MIXTURES vs PURE SUBSTANCES

A mixture can beseparated by physicalmeans. Filtration, decantation,

sublimation, distillation,evaporation, use ofmagnets,chromatography

A compound can beseparated by chemicalmeans Electrolysis, hydrolysis


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ELEMENTS vs COMPOUNDS

ELEMENTS

The simplest substances.

Can not be separated into

simpler substances.

Building blocks of all matter.

More than 100 known

elements.

Represented by chemical

symbols.


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ELEMENTS vs COMPOUNDS

COMPOUNDS

A substance that contains two or

more elements chemically

combined.

Compounds have different

properties from the individual

substances.

(Ex: H2O)


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HOMOGENOUSvs. HETEROGENEOUS

Homogeneous mixtures are those that havea uniform composition throughout (one

phase)


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Example: Stainless Steel

A homogeneous

mixture of:

-Iron (Fe)-Chromium (Cr)

-Nickel (Ni)


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Example: Gaseous Mixture

Elements argon and nitrogen and a

compound (water vapor) found in air.


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Heterogeneousmixtures are those

that have non-uniformcompositionthroughout themixture

Two or more phases.

HOMOGENOUSvs. HETEROGENEOUS


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Matter an intro