36
1 Who is this book for? The purpose of this book is to identify the words and phrases that children need to understand and use if they are to make good progress in mathematics. It is designed to support the National Numeracy Strategy alongside the Framework for Teaching Mathematics. This booklet will be of particular interest to you if you are: a class teacher a member of staff supporting pupils learning English as an additional language a special needs teacher or assistant a classroom assistant working with pupils in mathematics lessons a parent or other adult supporting children in class or at home Why is the book needed? There are three main ways in which children’s failure to understand mathematical vocabulary may show itself: children do not respond to questions in lessons, they cannot do a task they are set and/or they do poorly in tests. Their lack of response may be because: they do not understand the spoken or written instructions, such as ‘draw a line between…’, ‘ring…’ or ‘find two different ways to…’ they are not familiar with the mathematical vocabulary, that is, words such as ‘difference’, ‘subtract’, ‘divide’ or ‘product’ they may be confused about mathematical terms, such as ‘odd’ or ‘table’, which have different meanings in everyday English they may be confused about other words, like ‘area’ or ‘divide’, which are used in everyday English and have similar, though more precise, meanings in mathematics There are, then, practical reasons why children need to acquire appropriate vocabulary so that they can participate in the activities, lessons and tests that are part of classroom life. There is, however, an even more important reason: mathematical language is crucial to children’s development of thinking. If children don’t have the vocabulary to talk about division, or perimeters, or numerical difference, they cannot make progress in understanding these areas of mathematical knowledge. Mathematical Vocabulary Book INTRODUCTION

Mathematical Vocabulary Book INTRODUCTION Who …dera.ioe.ac.uk/5248/2/nns_mathvocab031300.pdf · Who is this book for? ... you will find that a structured approach to the teaching

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

1

Who is this book for?

The purpose of this book is to identify the words and phrases that children need tounderstand and use if they are to make good progress in mathematics. It is designed tosupport the National Numeracy Strategy alongside the Framework for TeachingMathematics.

This booklet will be of particular interest to you if you are:

a class teacher

a member of staff supporting pupils learning English as an additional language

a special needs teacher or assistant

a classroom assistant working with pupils in mathematics lessons

a parent or other adult supporting children in class or at home

Why is the book needed?

There are three main ways in which children’s failure to understand mathematical vocabularymay show itself: children do not respond to questions in lessons, they cannot do a task theyare set and/or they do poorly in tests.

Their lack of response may be because:

they do not understand the spoken or written instructions,

such as ‘draw a line between…’, ‘ring…’ or ‘find two different ways to…’

they are not familiar with the mathematical vocabulary,

that is, words such as ‘difference’, ‘subtract’, ‘divide’ or ‘product’

they may be confused about mathematical terms,

such as ‘odd’ or ‘table’, which have different meanings in everyday English

they may be confused about other words,

like ‘area’ or ‘divide’, which are used in everyday English and have similar, though more precise, meanings in mathematics

There are, then, practical reasons why children need to acquire appropriate vocabulary sothat they can participate in the activities, lessons and tests that are part of classroom life.There is, however, an even more important reason: mathematical language is crucial tochildren’s development of thinking. If children don’t have the vocabulary to talk about division,or perimeters, or numerical difference, they cannot make progress in understanding theseareas of mathematical knowledge.

Mathematical Vocabulary BookINTRODUCTION

2

How is the book organised and how can it be used?

To help you introduce appropriate mathematical language at the right time, this bookprovides four pages of vocabulary checklists for each year group. The first three pagesfor each year cover mathematical vocabulary relating to the Framework for TeachingMathematics, organised according to its five strands:

numbers and the number system

calculations

solving problems

handling data

measures, shape and space

Using and Applying Mathematics is integrated throughout.

The fourth page for each year group lists the language commonly used whengiving instructions about mathematical problems, both in questions in national testsand in published resources.

The words listed for each year include vocabulary from the previous year, with newwords for the year printed in red from Year 1 onwards. Some words may appear underdifferent strands in different years, as their meaning is expanded or made more specific.

Class teachers can use these lists to identify the vocabulary relating to a series oflessons they are planning. They can make provision for the introduction of new vocabulary and the consolidation of familiar terms. They can ask support staff andparents to emphasise this vocabulary for an appropriate period.

The checklists are not intended to be exhaustive; you can add more words if you wouldlike to do so.

How do children develop their understanding of mathematical vocabulary?

Teachers often use informal, everyday language in mathematics lessons before oralongside technical mathematical vocabulary. Although this can help children to graspthe meaning of different words and phrases, you will find that a structured approach tothe teaching and learning of vocabulary is essential if children are to move on andbegin using the correct mathematical terminology as soon as possible.

Some children may start school with a good understanding of mathematical wordswhen used informally, either in English or their home language. Find out the extent oftheir mathematical vocabulary and the depth of their understanding, and build on this.

You need to plan the introduction of new words in a suitable context, for example, withrelevant real objects, mathematical apparatus, pictures and/or diagrams. Explain theirmeanings carefully and rehearse them several times. Referring to new words only oncewill do little to promote learning. Encourage their use in context in oral sessions,particularly through your questioning. You can help sort out any ambiguities ormisconceptions your pupils may have through a range of open and closed questions.Use every opportunity to draw attention to new words or symbols with the whole class,in a group or when talking to individual pupils. The final stages are learning to read andwrite new mathematical vocabulary in a range of circumstances, ultimately spelling therelevant words correctly.

3

Regular, planned opportunities for development

It is not just younger children who need regular, planned opportunities to developtheir mathematical vocabulary. All children throughout Key Stages 1 and 2 need toexperience a cycle of oral work, reading and writing as outlined below.

oral work based on practical work

so that they have visual images and tactile experience of what mathematical wordsmean in a variety of contexts

other forms of oral work

so that they have opportunities to:

– listen to adults and other children using the words correctly

– acquire confidence and fluency in speaking, using complete sentences that include the new words and phrases, sometimes in chorus with others andsometimes individually

– describe, define and compare mathematical properties, positions, methods, patterns, relationships, rules

– discuss ways of tackling a problem, collecting data, organising their work…

– hypothesise or make predictions about possible results

– present, explain and justify their methods, results, solutions or reasoning, to the whole class or to a group or partner

– generalise, or describe examples that match a general statement

reading aloud and silently, sometimes as a whole class and sometimesindividually,for example, reading:

– numbers, signs and symbols, expressions and equations in blackboardpresentations

– instructions and explanations in workbooks, textbooks, CD-ROMs…

– texts with mathematical references in fiction and non-fiction books and booksof rhymes during the literacy hour as well as mathematics lessons

– labels and captions on classroom displays, in diagrams, graphs, charts andtables…

– definitions in illustrated dictionaries, including dictionaries that they themselveshave made, in order to discover synonyms, origins of words, words that start withthe same group of letters (such as triangle, tricycle, triplet, trisect…)

writing and recording in a variety of ways, progressing from words,phrases and short sentences to paragraphs and longer pieces of writing,for example:

– writing prose in order to describe, compare, predict, interpret, explain, justify…

– writing formulae, first using words, then symbols

– sketching and labelling diagrams in order to clarify their meaning

– drawing and labelling graphs, charts or tables, and interpreting and making predictions from the data in them, in mathematics and other subjects

4

?

?

The skill of questioning

Children cannot learn the meanings of words in isolation. The use of questions is crucial inhelping them to understand mathematical ideas and use mathematical terms correctly.

It is important to ask questions in different ways so that children who do not understand the first timemay pick up the meaning subsequently. Pupils for whom English is an additional language benefit and so will others who are not always familiar with the vocabulary and grammaticalstructures used in school.

It is easy to use certain types of questions — those that ask the listener to recall and applyfacts — more often than those that require a higher level of thinking. If you can use the fullrange of question types you will find that children begin to give more complex answers inwhich they explain their thinking.

Types of question

Recalling factsWhat is 3 add 7?How many days are there in a week?How many centimetres are there in a metre?Is 31 a prime number?

Applying factsTell me two numbers that have a difference of 12.What unit would you choose to measure the width of the table?What are the factors of 42?

Hypothesising or predictingEstimate the number of marbles in this jar.If we did our survey again on Friday, how likely is it that our graph would be the same?Roughly, what is 51 times 47?How many rectangles in the next diagram? And the next?

Designing and comparing proceduresHow might we count this pile of sticks?How could you subtract 37 from 82?How could we test a number to see if it is divisible by 6?How could we find the 20th triangular number? Are there other ways of doing it?

Interpreting resultsSo what does that tell us about numbers that end in 5 or 0?What does the graph tell us about the most common shoe size?So what can we say about the sum of the angles in a triangle?

Applying reasoningThe seven coins in my purse total 23p. What could they be?In how many different ways can four children sit at a round table?Why is the sum of two odd numbers always even?

5

?On this and the following page are further examples of questions tohelp you promote good dialogue and interaction in mathematicslessons

Below are examples of closed questions with just one correct answer and open questions which have a numberof different correct answers. Open questions give more children a chance to respond and they often provide agreater challenge for higher attaining pupils, who can be asked to think of alternative answers and, in suitablecases, to count all the different possibilities.

Closed questions Open questions

Count these cubes.

A chew costs 3p. A lolly costs 7p. What do they cost altogether?

What is 6 – 4?

What is 2 + 6 – 3?

Is 16 an even number?

Write a number in each box so that it equals the sum of the twonumbers on each side of it.

Copy and complete this addition table.

What are four threes?

What is 7 x 6?

How many centimetres are there in a metre?

Continue this sequence: 1, 2, 4…

What is one fifth add four fifths?

What is 10% of 300?

What is this shape called?

This graph shows room temperature on 19 May.

What was the temperature at 10.00 am?

How could we count these cubes?

A chew and a lolly cost 10p altogether. What couldeach sweet cost?

Tell me two numbers with a difference of 2.

What numbers can you make with 2, 3 and 6?

What even numbers lie between 10 and 20?

Write a number in each circle so that the number in each box equals the sum of the two numbers on each side of it. Find different ways of doing it.

Find different ways of completing this table.

Tell me two numbers with a product of 12.

If 7 x 6 = 42, what else can you work out?

Tell me two lengths that together make 1 metre.

Find different ways of continuing this sequence: 1, 2, 4…

Write eight different ways of adding two numbersto make 1.

Find ways of completing: …% of … = 30

Sketch some different triangles.

This graph shows room temperature on 19 May.

Can you explain it?

3 47

426

+ 7

10

11

12

13

3

7 4

9

0900 1000 1100 1200

19

18

17

16

15

°C

Time0900 1000 1100 1200

19

18

17

16

15

°C

Time

6

Ask children who are getting startedwith a piece of work:

How are you going to tackle this?

What information do you have? What do you needto find out or do?

What operation/s are you going to use?

Will you do it mentally, with pencil and paper,using a number line, with a calculator…? Why?

What method are you going to use? Why?

What equipment will you need?

What questions will you need to ask?

How are you going to record what you are doing?

What do you think the answer or result will be?Can you estimate or predict?

Make positive interventions to checkprogress while children are working,by asking:

Can you explain what you have done so far?What else is there to do?

Why did you decide to use this method or do itthis way?

Can you think of another method that might haveworked?

Could there be a quicker way of doing this?

What do you mean by…?

What did you notice when…?

Why did you decide to organise your results likethat?

Are you beginning to see a pattern or a rule?

Do you think that this would work with other numbers?

Have you thought of all the possibilities? How canyou be sure?

?Questions that can help to extend children’s thinking

Ask children who are stuck:

Can you describe the problem in your ownwords?

Can you talk me through what you have doneso far?

What did you do last time? What is different thistime?

Is there something that you already know thatmight help?

Could you try it with simpler numbers… fewer numbers… using a number line…?

What about putting things in order?

Would a table help, or a picture/diagram/graph?

Why not make a guess and check if it works?

Have you compared your work with anyoneelse’s?

During the plenary session ofa lesson ask:

How did you get your answer?

Can you describe your method/pattern/rule to usall? Can you explain why it works?

What could you try next?

Would it work with different numbers?

What if you had started with… rather than…?

What if you could only use…?

Is it a reasonable answer/result? What makesyou say so?

How did you check it?

What have you learned or found out today?

If you were doing it again, what would you do differently?

Having done this, when could you use thismethod/information/idea again?

Did you use any new words today? What do theymean? How do you spell them?

What are the key points or ideas that you need toremember for the next lesson?

7

Mathematical Vocabulary Checklists

RECEPTION to YEAR 6

RECEPTION

8

Counting and recognisingnumbers

COUNTING numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens… more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pairguess how many, estimatenearly, close to, about the same asjust over, just undertoo many, too few, enough, not enough

COMPARING AND ORDERING NUMBERSthe same number as, as many asOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenthlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetweenabove, below

Adding and subtracting

add, more, andmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredoubleone more, two more, ten more… how many more to make… ?how many more is… than…?take (away), leave how many are left/left over? how many have gone?one less, two less… ten less… how many fewer is… than…?difference betweenis the same as

RECEPTION

9

Solving problems

REASONING ABOUT NUMBERS OR SHAPESpatternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count, sortgroup, setmatchsame, differentlist

PROBLEMS INVOLVING ‘REAL LIFE’OR MONEYcomparedoublehalf, halvepaircount out, share outleft, left over

moneycoinpenny, pence, poundpricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same ashow much…? how many…?total

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, close to, about the same asjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, close

MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestbalance, scales, weight

CAPACITYfullhalf fullemptyholdscontainer

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…day, weekbirthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, evening, nightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehour, o’clockclock, watch, hands

RECEPTION

10

EXPLORING PATTERNS, SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflatcurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, draw

3D SHAPEScubepyramidspherecone

2D SHAPEScircletrianglesquarerectanglestar

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalpatternrepeating patternmatch

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under above, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecornerdirectionleft, rightup, downforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away frommovementsliderollturn stretch, bend

RECEPTION

11

Instructions

listenjoin insay

thinkimagineremember

start fromstart withstart at

look atpoint toshow me

put, placefitarrangerearrangechange, change oversplitseparate

carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?

findchoosecollect

usemakebuild

tell medescribepick outtalk aboutexplainshow me

readwritetracecopycompletefinish, end

fill inshadecolour

tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringcostcountwork outanswercheck

General

same number/sdifferent number/smissing number/snumber facts

number line, number tracknumber squarenumber cardscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

YEAR 1

Words new to Year 1 are in red 12

Numbersand the number system

COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCES numberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundrednonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos… tens… more, less, many, fewodd, evenevery otherhow many times?pattern, pair

PLACE VALUE AND ORDERING units, onestensexchangedigit‘teens’ numberthe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth, eleventh… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below

ESTIMATINGguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toabout the same asjust over, just undertoo many, too few, enough, not enough

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more… ten morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, take (away), minusleave how many are left/left over? how many have gone?one less, two less, ten less… how many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same as

YEAR 1

Words new to Year 1 are in red13

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpatternpuzzleanswerright, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?count out, share out, left, left overnumber sentencesign, operation

MONEYmoneycoinpenny, pence, poundpricecostbuysellspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheapercosts the same ashow much…? how many…?total

Organising and using data

count, sort, votegroup, setlistsame, differenttable

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecompareguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, close to, about the same asjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tallhigh, lowwide, narrowdeep, shallowthick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, near, closemetreruler, metre stick

MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestbalance, scales, weight

CAPACITYfullhalf fullemptyholdscontainer

YEAR 1

Words new to Year 1 are in red 14

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, month, yearweekend, birthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, eveningnight, midnightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehour, o’clock, half pastclock, watch, handshow long ago?how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?how often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflatcurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, draw

3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphereconecylinder

2D SHAPEScircletrianglesquarerectanglestar

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalpatternrepeating patternmatch

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourneyleft, rightup, downforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away frommovementsliderollturn, whole turn, half turnstretch, bend

Words new to Year 1 are in red

YEAR 1

15

Instructions

listenjoin insay

thinkimagineremember

start fromstart withstart at

look atpoint toshow me

put, placefitarrangerearrangechange, change oversplitseparate

carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?

findchoosecollect

usemakebuild

tell medescribepick outtalk aboutexplainshow me

readwriterecordtracecopycompletefinish, end

fill inshadecolour

tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow

costcountwork outanswercheck

General

same number/sdifferent number/smissing number/snumber facts

number line, number tracknumber squarenumber cardsabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

YEAR 2

Words new to Year 2 are in red 16

Numbers and the number system

COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCESnumberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tensmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rule

PLACE VALUE AND ORDERINGunits, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten moreone less, ten lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentiethtwenty-first, twenty-second…last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below

ESTIMATING guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toabout the same asjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround, nearest, round to the nearest ten

FRACTIONSpart, equal partsfractionone wholeone half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quarters

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups of×, times, multiply, multiplied bymultiple ofonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of÷, divide, divided by, divided intoleft, left over

YEAR 2

Words new to Year 2 are in red17

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol

MONEYmoneycoinpenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs morecheap, costs less, cheaperhow much…? how many…?total

Organising and using data

count, tally, sort, votegraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setsame, differentlist, tablelabel, titlemost popular, most commonleast popular, least common

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecomparemeasuring scaleguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to, about the same asjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closemetre (m ), centimetre (cm )ruler, metre stick, tape measure

MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestkilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales, weight

CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )container

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month, yearweekend, birthday, holidaymorning, afternoon, evening, night, midnightbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, latequick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice

YEAR 2

Words new to Year 2 are in red 18

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, curved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, drawsurface

3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphereconecylinder

2D SHAPEScircle, circulartriangle, triangularsquarerectangle, rectangularstarpentagonhexagonoctagon

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflectionpatternrepeating pattern

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourney, routeleft, rightup, downhigher, lowerforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away fromclockwise, anti-clockwisemovementsliderollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turnright anglestraight linestretch, bend

Words new to Year 2 are in red19

YEAR 2

readwriterecordwrite in figurespresentrepresenttracecopycompletefinish, end

fill inshade, colourlabel

tick, crossdrawdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow

cost, count, tally

calculatework outsolveanswercheck

General

same, differentmissing number/snumber factsnumber pairsnumber bonds

number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cardsnumber gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg boardgeo-strips

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

Instructions

listenjoin insayrecite

thinkimagineremember

start fromstart withstart at

look atpoint toshow me

put, placefitarrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit separate

carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?predictdescribe the patterndescribe the rule

find, find all, find differentinvestigate

choosedecidecollect

usemakebuild

tell medescribenamepick outdiscusstalk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…

Words new to Year 3 are in red

YEAR 3

20

Numbers and the number system

COUNTING, PROPERTIES OF NUMBERSAND NUMBER SEQUENCESnumberzero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyondzero, ten, twenty… one hundredzero, one hundred, two hundred… one thousandnonehow many…?count, count (up) tocount on (from, to)count back (from, to)count in ones, twos, threes, fours, fives…count in tens, hundredsmore, less, many, fewtallyodd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofsequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rulerelationship

PLACE VALUE AND ORDERINGunits, onestens, hundredsdigitone-, two- or three-digit number‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:greater, more, larger, biggerless, fewer, smallerOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, biggest, largestleast, fewest, smallestone more, ten more, one hundred moreone less, ten less, one hundred lesscompareordersizefirst, second, third… tenth… twentiethtwenty-first, twenty-second…last, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenabove, below

ESTIMATING guess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close toapproximate, approximatelyabout the same asjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down)nearest, round to the nearest ten

FRACTIONSpart, equal partsfractionone wholeone half, two halvesone quarter, two… three… four quartersone third, two thirds, three thirdsone tenth

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION+, add, addition, more, plusmake, sum, totalaltogetherscoredouble, near doubleone more, two more... ten more... one hundred morehow many more to make…?how many more is… than…?how much more is…?−, subtract, subtraction, take (away), minusleave, how many are left/left over?one less, two less… ten less… one hundred lesshow many fewer is… than…?how much less is…?difference betweenhalf, halve=, equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundary

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups of×, times, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…

Words new to Year 3 are in red21

YEAR 3

group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups of÷, divide, division, divided by, divided intoleft, left over, remainder

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethodjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation

MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amountvalue, worth

Handling data

count, tally, sort, votegraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart table, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measuresizecomparemeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to, about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…kilometre (km ), metre (m ), centimetre (cm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure

MASSweigh, weighs, balancesheavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestkilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales, weight

CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )container

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month, year, centuryweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, datemorning, afternoon, evening, night, midnightam, pmbedtime, dinnertime, playtimetoday, yesterday, tomorrow

YEAR 3

Words new to Year 3 are in red 22

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflectionpatternrepeating pattern

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, belowtop, bottom, sideon, inoutside, insidearoundin front, behindfront, backbefore, afterbeside, next tooppositeapartbetweenmiddle, edgecentrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, downhigher, lowerforwards, backwards, sidewaysacrossclose, far, nearalongthroughto, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgridrow, columnclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass pointnorth, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)horizontal, verticaldiagonalmovementsliderollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turnangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright anglestraight linestretch, bend

before, afternext, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastestslow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldestnew, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?hour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usuallyonce, twice

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, curved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, drawsurfaceright-angledvertex, verticeslayer, diagram

3D SHAPEScubecuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphereconecylinderprism

2D SHAPEScircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularsquarerectangle, rectangularstarpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonaloctagon, octagonalquadrilateral

Words new to Year 3 are in red23

YEAR 3

Instructions

listenjoin insayrecite

thinkimagineremember

start fromstart withstart at

look atpoint toshow me

put, placefitarrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit separate

carry on, continuerepeatwhat comes next?predictdescribe the patterndescribe the rule

find, find all, find differentinvestigate

choosedecidecollect

usemakebuild

tell medescribenamepick outdiscusstalk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…show your working

readwriterecordwrite in figures

presentrepresentinterprettracecopycompletefinish, end

fill inshade, colourlabel

tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line betweenjoin (up)ringarrow

cost, count, tally

calculatework outsolveinvestigatequestionanswercheck

General

same, differentmissing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value

number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cardsnumber gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg boardgeo-strips

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

YEAR 4

Words new to Year 4 are in red 24

Numbers and the number system

PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller thanOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizefirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximatelyjust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest tenround to the nearest hundredinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus

PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rulerelationshipsort, classify, property

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALSpart, equal partsfractionone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixthfifth, tenth, twentiethproportion, in every, for everydecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal place

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryinverse

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse

Words new to Year 4 are in red

YEAR 4

25

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethodjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation

MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amountvalue, worth

Handling data count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnaire, datagraph, block graph, pictogramrepresentgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart, tally charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least common

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unit

measuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeterkilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure

MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighskilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales

CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )pintcontainer, measuring cylinder

AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2)

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night

YEAR 4

Words new to Year 4 are in red 26

am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timerhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diameternetsurfaceangle, right-angledbase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closed

3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcubecuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron

2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle

squarerectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateral

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, line symmetryfoldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgridrow, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn, rotateangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angledegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set squareangle measurer, compasses

Words new to Year 4 are in red

YEAR 4

27

Instructions

listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me

put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit, separate

carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule

find, find all, find differentinvestigate

choose, decidecollect

use, make, build, construct

tell me, describe, name, pick outdiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your methodexplain how you got your answergive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement

read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end

fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot

tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow

cost, count, tally

calculate, work out, solveinvestigate, questionanswercheck

General

same, differentmissing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value

number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dicedominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

YEAR 5

Words new to Year 5 are in red 28

Numbers and the number system

PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than ≥, greater than or equal to≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallest one… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending orderfirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, after, nextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately≈, is approximately equal tojust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest ten/hundredround to the nearest thousandintegerpositive, negativeabove/below zero, minus

PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredict

pattern, pair, rulerelationshipsort, classify, propertyformuladivisible (by), divisibility, factorsquare numberone squared, two squared… (1

2, 2

2…)

FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES, RATIO AND PROPORTIONpart, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancelone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentieth, hundredthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarrayrow, columndouble, halveshare, share equally

Words new to Year 5 are in red29

YEAR 5

one each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible byinverse

USING A CALCULATORcalculatordisplay, key, enter, clearconstant

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategyjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation

MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amount, value, worthdiscountcurrency

Handling data

count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnairedata, databasegraph, block graph, line graphpictogram, representgroup, setlist, chart, bar chart, bar line charttally chart

table, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least commonmode, rangemaximum/minimum valueclassify, outcome

PROBABILITYfair, unfairlikely, unlikely, likelihoodcertain, uncertainprobable, possible, impossiblechance, good chancepoor chance, no chancerisk, doubt

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeter kilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mileruler, metre stick, tape measure

MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighskilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )balance, scales

YEAR 5

Words new to Year 5 are in red 30

CAPACITYcapacityfull, half fullemptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, millilitre (ml )pint, galloncontainer, measuring cylinder

AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2), square metre (m 2)square millimetre (mm 2)

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockhow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightroundhollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diameternetsurfaceangle, right-angledcongruentbase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closed

3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcube, cuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron, octahedron

2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene trianglesquarerectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateral

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, axis of symmetryline symmetry, reflective symmetry foldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation

Words new to Year 5 are in red31

YEAR 5

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgrid, row, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalparallel, perpendicularx-axis, y-axisquadrantmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn rotate, rotationangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angle, acute, obtusedegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set square angle measurer, compasses, protractor

Instructions

listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me

put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change oversplit, separate

carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule

find, find all, find differentinvestigate

choose, decidecollect

use, make, build, construct, bisect

tell me, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement

read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end

fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot

tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow

cost, count, tally

calculate, work out, solve, convertinvestigate, questionanswercheck

General

same, different missing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value

number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dice, spinnerdominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

YEAR 6

Words new to Year 6 are in red 32

Numbers and the number system

PLACE VALUE, ORDERING AND ROUNDINGunits, onestens, hundreds, thousandsten thousand, hundred thousand, milliondigit, one-, two-, three- or four-digit numbernumeral‘teens’ numberplace, place valuestands for, representsexchangethe same number as, as many asequal toOf two objects/amounts:>, greater than, more than, larger than, bigger than<, less than, fewer than, smaller than ≥, greater than or equal to≤, less than or equal toOf three or more objects/amounts:greatest, most, largest, biggestleast, fewest, smallestone… ten… one hundred… one thousand more/lesscompare, order, sizeascending/descending orderfirst… tenth… twentiethlast, last but onebefore, afternextbetween, half-way betweenguess how many, estimatenearly, roughly, close to, about the same asapproximate, approximately≈, is approximately equal tojust over, just underexact, exactly too many, too few, enough, not enoughround (up or down), nearest round to the nearest ten/hundred/thousandinteger, positive, negativeabove/below zero, minus

PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS AND NUMBERSEQUENCESnumber, count, how many…?odd, evenevery otherhow many times?multiple ofdigitnext, consecutivesequencecontinuepredictpattern, pair, rule

relationshipsort, classify, propertyformuladivisible (by), divisibility, factor, factorisesquare numberone squared, two squared… (1

2, 2

2…)

prime, prime factor

FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES, RATIO AND PROPORTIONpart, equal partsfraction, proper/improper fractionmixed numbernumerator, denominatorequivalent, reduced to, cancelone wholehalf, quarter, eighththird, sixth, ninth, twelfthfifth, tenth, twentiethhundredth, thousandthproportion, ratioin every, for everyto every, as many asdecimal, decimal fractiondecimal point, decimal placepercentage, per cent, %

Calculations

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTIONadd, addition, more, plus, increasesum, total, altogetherscoredouble, near doublehow many more to make…?subtract, subtraction, take (away), minus, decreaseleave, how many are left/left over?difference betweenhalf, halvehow many more/fewer is… than…?how much more/less is…?equals, sign, is the same astens boundary, hundreds boundaryunits boundary, tenths boundaryinverse

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONlots of, groups oftimes, multiply, multiplication, multiplied bymultiple of, productonce, twice, three times… ten times…times as (big, long, wide… and so on)repeated additionarray, row, columndouble, halve

Words new to Year 6 are in red33

YEAR 6

share, share equallyone each, two each, three each…group in pairs, threes… tensequal groups ofdivide, division, divided by, divided intoremainderfactor, quotient, divisible by inverse

USING A CALCULATORcalculator, display, keyenter, clear, sign changeconstant, recurring, memory, operation key

Solving problems

MAKING DECISIONS AND REASONINGpattern, puzzlecalculate, calculationmental calculationmethod, strategyjottinganswerright, correct, wrongwhat could we try next?how did you work it out?number sentencesign, operation, symbol, equation

MONEYmoneycoin, notepenny, pence, pound (£)price, costbuy, bought, sell, soldspend, spentpaychangedear, costs more, more/most expensivecheap, costs less, cheaper, less/least expensivehow much…? how many…?total, amount, value, worthdiscount, profit, losscurrency

Handling data

count, tally, sort, votesurvey, questionnairedata, databasegraph, block graph, line graphpictogram, representgroup, set

list, chart, bar chart, bar line charttally charttable, frequency tableCarroll diagram, Venn diagramlabel, title, axis, axesdiagrammost popular, most commonleast popular, least commonmode, range, mean, average, medianstatistics, distributionmaximum/minimum valueclassify, outcome

PROBABILITYfair, unfairlikely, unlikely, likelihood, equally likelycertain, uncertainprobable, possible, impossiblechance, good chance, poor chance, no chanceequal chance, even chance, fifty-fifty chancerisk, doubtbiased, random

Measures, shape and space

MEASURES (GENERAL)measure, measurementsizecompareunit, standard unitmetric unit, imperial unitmeasuring scale, divisionguess, estimateenough, not enoughtoo much, too littletoo many, too fewnearly, roughly, about, close to about the same as, approximatelyjust over, just under

LENGTHlength, width, height, depth, breadthlong, short, tall, high, lowwide, narrow, deep, shallow, thick, thinlonger, shorter, taller, higher… and so onlongest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so onfar, further, furthest, near, closedistance apart/between, distance to… from…edge, perimeter, circumferencekilometre (km ), metre (m )centimetre (cm ), millimetre (mm )mile, yard, feet, foot, inches, inchruler, metre stick, tape measure, compasses

YEAR 6

Words new to Year 6 are in red 34

MASSmass: big, bigger, small, smaller, balancesweight: heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightestweigh, weighstonne, kilogram (kg ), half-kilogram, gram (g )pound (lb ), ounce (oz )balance, scales

CAPACITYcapacityfull, half full, emptyholds, containslitre (l ), half-litre, centilitre (c l ), millilitre (ml )pint, galloncontainer, measuring cylinder

AREAarea, covers, surfacesquare centimetre (cm 2), square metre (m 2)square millimetre (mm 2)

TIMEtimedays of the week: Monday, Tuesday…months of the year: January, February…seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winterday, week, fortnight, month year, leap year, century, millenniumweekend, birthday, holidaycalendar, date, date of birthmorning, afternoon, evening, night am, pm, noon, midnighttoday, yesterday, tomorrowbefore, after, next, lastnow, soon, early, late, earliest, latestquick, quicker, quickest, quicklyfast, faster, fastest, slow, slower, slowest, slowlyold, older, oldest, new, newer, newesttakes longer, takes less timehow long ago? how long will it be to…?how long will it take to…?timetable, arrive, departhour, minute, secondo’clock, half past, quarter to, quarter pastclock, watch, handsdigital/analogue clock/watch, timer24-hour clock, 12-hour clockGreenwich Mean Time, British Summer TimeInternational Date Linehow often?always, never, often, sometimes, usually

SHAPE AND SPACEshape, patternflat, linecurved, straightround

hollow, solidcornerpoint, pointedface, side, edge, endsortmake, build, construct, draw, sketchcentre, radius, diametercircumference, concentric, arcnetsurfaceangle, right-angledcongruentintersecting, intersectionplanebase, square-basedvertex, verticeslayer, diagramregular, irregularconcave, convexopen, closedtangram

3D SHAPES3D, three-dimensionalcube, cuboidpyramidsphere, hemi-sphere, sphericalconecylinder, cylindricalprismtetrahedron, polyhedron, octahedron, dodecahedron

2D SHAPES2D, two-dimensionalcircle, circular, semi-circletriangle, triangularequilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene trianglesquare, rhombusrectangle, rectangular, oblongpentagon, pentagonalhexagon, hexagonalheptagonoctagon, octagonalpolygonquadrilateralkiteparallelogram, trapezium

PATTERNS AND SYMMETRYsizebigger, larger, smallersymmetricalline of symmetry, axis of symmetryline symmetry, reflective symmetry foldmatchmirror line, reflection, reflectpattern, repeating pattern, translation

Words new to Year 6 are in red35

YEAR 6

POSITION, DIRECTION AND MOVEMENTpositionover, under, underneathabove, below, top, bottom, sideon, in, outside, inside, aroundin front, behind, front, backbefore, after, beside, next toopposite, apartbetween, middle, edge, centrecornerdirectionjourney, route, map, planleft, rightup, down, higher, lowerforwards, backwards, sideways, acrossclose, far, nearalong, through, to, from, towards, away fromascend, descendgrid, row, columnorigin, coordinatesclockwise, anti-clockwisecompass point, north, south, east, west (N, S, E, W)north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west(NE, NW, SE, SW)horizontal, vertical, diagonalparallel, perpendicularx-axis, y-axisquadrantmovementslide, rollwhole turn, half turn, quarter turn, rotate, rotationangle, …is a greater/smaller angle thanright angle, acute, obtuse, reflexdegreestraight linestretch, bendruler, set square angle measurer, compasses, protractor

Instructions

listen, join in, say, recitethink, imagine, rememberstart from, start with, start atlook at, point to, show me

put, placearrange, rearrangechange, change overadjusting, adjustsplit, separate

carry on, continue, repeatwhat comes next? predictdescribe the pattern, describe the rule

find, find all, find differentinvestigate

choose, decidecollect

use, make, build, construct, bisect

tell me, define, describe, name, pick out, identifydiscuss, talk aboutexplainexplain your method/answer/reasoninggive an example of…show how you…show your workingjustifymake a statement

read, write, recordwrite in figurespresent, representinterprettrace, copycomplete, finish, end

fill in, shade, colourlabel, plot

tick, crossdraw, sketchdraw a line between, join (up), ring, arrow

cost, count, tally

calculate, work out, solve, convert

investigate, interrogate (data), question, proveanswercheck

General

same, identical, different missing number/snumber facts, number pairs, number bondsgreatest value, least value

number line, number tracknumber square, hundred squarenumber cards, number gridabacuscounters, cubes, blocks, rodsdie, dice, spinnerdominoespegs, peg board, pin boardgeo-strips

same way, different waybest way, another wayin order, in a different order

notall, every, each

36

Mathematical dictionariesEvery classroom needs a mathematical dictionary, suited to the age of the children. This could eitherbe a published version, or one which the children have made themselves. As well as being usefulfor children to look up the meanings of words, it will be on hand when the teacher needs to refer toa mathematical dictionary.