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CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS PROGRAM:• Addition,Subtraction,Division,Multiplication
• Fractions,Percentages,Decimals,DecimalPoint
• ThehistoryofNumericalSystems
• Fibonacci-LeonardoofPisa
• Zeroasaplaceholder-ThePowerofZero
MATH + MAGIC = FUNGrades 3-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
NUMERICAL SYSTEMS• Thedecimalsystemisthesystemthatisusedworldwidebecauseofzero-0.800-1400AD
• TheHindu-Arabicsystemswasthefirstsystemtouseazerooradot.700-300BCE
• RomanNumeralshadnozerosowritinglargenumberswasnotveryefficient.838=XXMXXLVIII
• TheGreeksusedtheAlphabetwithapostrophestoindicatenumbers
THE VALUE OF ZEROZeroisaPLACEHOLDER.Itholdsthevalueofthenumberuntilothernumbersaresubstitutedoradded....Thus,100canbecome125becausethezerohasheldtheplacevalue.
For more information google - Numerical Systems
FIBONACCI - LEONARDO OF PISA 1170-1250FibonacciwasanItalianMathematicianwhointroducedtheHindu-ArabicNumeralSystemtoEurope.Hisbook,LiberAbacì(BookofCalculations)waswrittenin1202AD.
For more information google - Fibonacci
Ashumancivilizationsgrew,peoplehadmorethingstocount.People
neededtocountfastersothesystemofmultiplicationwasinvented.
Itiscalled“TheTimesTable”becauseitishowmanyTIMESyoucountanumber.
ie.Ifyoucountto2,twotimes,youget4.
Thus2x2=4
Thefastestandeasiestwaytomemorizemultiplicationfactsistopracticecounting
by2,5,9,10(the easy numbers).
Thenpractice3,7,8(the most difficult to remember).
Thenumbers4and6followarepeatingpatterninthe2nddigit.
(4,8,2,6,0)(6,2,8,4,0)
Ifyoucountedonenumbereverysecond,thischartindicateshowlongitwouldtaketocounttoonetrillion.
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3 4 5 6 78 9 1 0TO GET GOOD AT ANYTHING, YOU MUST PRACTICE!
Addition,Multiplication,SubtractionandDivisionareallMathematicalOperationsthatcanmakenumberslargerorsmaller.Multiplicationand
DivisionareafasterwaytoAddandSubtract.Thus....
If2+2=4then4-2=2If2x2=4then4 2=2
Ifastudentmastersthemultiplicationtablethentheyhavealsomasteredthedivisiontable.
USING MULTIPLICATION, ADDITION, DIVISION AND SUBTRACTIONHereisaMathematicalGame!
Your number will always be 5
Canyoufigureoutwhyyournumberwillalwaysbe5?
Canyoufigureouthowtochangethegamesothatyournumberwillalwaysbe10or2?
ForExample YourNumber
YOURORIGINALNUMBER
50x2
100+10
1102
55-50
5
x2
+10
2
-
Thinkofanynumberbetween1and100
MULTIPLYthatnumberby2
ADD10tothatnumber
DIVIDEthatnumberby2
SUBTRACTyouroriginal#
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3 4 5 6 78 9 1 0
DIVISION, FRACTIONS, PERCENTAGES AND DECIMALS ARE ALL THE SAME THING.
Thesemathematicaloperationsalldescribewhathappenswhenwedividesomethingintosmallerpieces.
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3 4 5 6 78 9 1 0
Division Fraction Percentage Decimals 1 2 = 1/2 = 50% = .50 1 4 = 1/4 = 25% = .25 1 8 = 1/8 = 12.5% = .125 1 3 = 1/3 = 33.3% = .333
FRACTIONSFractionsaregenerallyusedformeasuringphysicalthingslikewoodor
liquids.ItisgenerallyusedintheUSAwhichhasameasuringsystembasedonfeetandinches,cupsandpintsandgallons.
PERCENTAGE MEAN PER 100. (CENTURY - 100 YEARS)Percentagesaregenerallyusedtocalculatethings
havingtodowithmoneyorprobability.ie. There is a 50% chance of rain tomorrow
DECIMALSThedecimalpoint( • )allowsustoindicatea
numbersmallerthanthenumber1.
Beware.....the Decimal System works backwardsThemorezerosBEFOREthedecimalpointtheLARGERthe#willbe.
ThemorezerosAFTERthedecimalpointtheSMALLERthe#willbe.
Ten Tenth Hundred Hundredth Thousand Thousandth10 0.1 100 0.01 1000 0.001
Attention-100has2zerosBEFOREthedecimalpoint. (onehundred)
However-0.01hasonly1zeroAFTERthedecimalpoint. (onehundredth)