Materials Research & Education:Looking Back, Racing Forward

Zakya H. KafafiDirector, Division of Materials Research (DMR)

MRS Spring MeetingMarch 25, 2008

http://www.nsf.gov/materials

National Science FoundationNational Science FoundationNational Science

BoardDirector

Deputy Director

Computer & Information

Science& Engineering

Engineering Geo-sciences

Education & Human Resources

Office of Budget, Finance & Award

Management

Office of Information

Resource Management

Biological Sciences

Mathematical& PhysicalSciences

Office of Cyber-

infrastructure

Office of Polar

Programs

Office of International Science &

Engineering

Office of Integrated Activities

Social, Behavioral& Economic

Sciences

Call for Reinvestment in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

•• Increase US talent poolIncrease US talent pool

•• Strengthen basic researchStrengthen basic research

•• Develop, recruit & retain best/brightestDevelop, recruit & retain best/brightest

•• Ensure innovation in AmericaEnsure innovation in America

•• From fundamental discoveries to marketable From fundamental discoveries to marketable technologiestechnologies

•• Focus on Physical Sciences & EngineeringFocus on Physical Sciences & Engineering

•• Facilities and instrumentationFacilities and instrumentation

•• World class science and engineering workforceWorld class science and engineering workforce

Doubles NSF Budget over 10 years!Doubles NSF Budget over 10 years!

FY 2009 Budget Request by Division

NSF:

$6.854 B,

+13.0%

FY 2008 FY 2009Estimated Request Amount Percent

Astronomical Sciences $215.39 $217.86 $250.01 $32.15 14.8%Chemistry 191.22 194.22 244.67 50.45 26.0%Materials Research 257.27 260.22 324.59 64.37 24.7%Mathematical Sciences 205.74 211.79 245.70 33.91 16.0%Physics 248.47 250.52 297.70 47.18 18.8%Multidisciplinary Activities 32.64 32.70 40.00 7.30 22.3%Total, MPS $1,150.73 $1,167.31 $1,402.67 $235.36 20.2%

Mathematical and Physical Sciences Funding(Dollars in Millions)

Totals may not add due to rounding.

Change overFY 2008 EstimatedFY 2007

Actual

Racing Forward

Increase # and size of PI grantsStart new centers & institutes to enable focus on transformative, interdisciplinary, global research & education effort Expand investments in workforce development, especially at the junior rank while broadening participation for women, minorities and scientists with disabilitiesDevelop new educational & outreach activities

Substantial increase in budget will allow DMR to:

Novel Funding Modes in DMR

Current (and to be enhanced):• Partrnership in Research & Education in Materials (PREM)• Materials World Network (MWN)• International Materials Institutes (IMI)• ACI Fellows (started in 2008)

Goals: Increase DiversityEnhance International CollaborationEncourage Transformative Research

Proposed for 2010 & beyond:• Establish Materials Research Groups (strongly endorsed by

the NAS study of the MRSECs program).Goal: Increase Opportunities for Collaborative Research

OFFICE of the DIVISION DIRECTOR

Zakya Kafafi Division Director

Ulrich Strom Executive Officer

(Acting)

Lorretta J. Hopkins Senior Staff Associate

Division of Materials Research (DMR)Division of Materials Research (DMR)

Neila Odom-Jefferson Operations Specialist

Condensed Matter & Materials Theory (CMMT)

Daryl W. Hess Michael A. Lee Kent State U.

Mark R. Pederson NRL

Condensed Matter Physics (CMP)

Oscar O. Bernal

Roy GoodrichWendy Fuller-Mora

Udo PerniszDow Corning

Solid-State & Materials Chemistry (SSMC)

Akbar MontaserGeorge Washington U.

Dave L. Nelson

Polymers (POL)

Andrew J. Lovinger Freddy Khoury

Biomaterials (BMAT)

David A. Brant Joseph A. AkkaraHarsh D. Chopra

SUNY

Metals (MET)

Bruce A. MacDonald

Ceramics (CER)

Lynnette D. Madsen

Electronic Materials (EM)

LaVerne D. Hess Z. Charles Ying

Office of Special Programs (OSP)

Instrumentation for Materials Research (IMR)

National Facilities (NAF)

Charles Bouldin Guebre X. Tessema

Uma VenkateswaranCarmen I. Huber

Materials Research Science & Engineering Centers (MRSECs)

Rama BansilBoston U.

Thomas P. RiekerMaija M. Kukla

Program Directors

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT

Carol Savory-Heflin Program Support

Manager

Denese Logan Program Analyst

Bill Daniels Program Specialist

Deborah E. Dory Renée Ivey

Senior Program AssistantsShirley Millican Bernie Trumble

Satyendra Kumar Kent State U.

Denise Hundley Division Secretary

A Globally Diversified DMR Staff

Condensed Matter and Materials Theory (CMMT)

Scope: Theoretical & computational research spanning the intellectual breadth of materials science

Emphasis:• Fundamental insight into material properties, processes, & behavior• Discovery of new condensed matter and materials phenomena

Daryl W. Hessdhess@nsf.gov

Michael Leemalee@nsf.gov

Mark Pedersonmrpeders@nsf.gov

Condensed Matter Physics (CMP)

Scope: Research & education projects investigating the fundamental physicsbehind phenomena exhibited by condensed matter systems

Emphasis:• Phenomena at the nano- to macro-scale (ex. transport, magnetic, and optical phenomena),

classical and quantum phase transitions, superconductivity, and nonlinear dynamics• Low-temperature physics: quantum fluids and solids; 1D & 2D electron systems• Soft condensed matter: partially ordered fluids, granular and colloid physics • Physical behavior of condensed matter under extreme conditions (ex.low temperatures,

high pressures, and high magnetic fields)

Wendy Fuller-Morawfullerm@nsf.gov

Roy G. Goodrichrgoodric@nsf.gov

Oscar O Bernalobernal@nsf.gov

Solid-State and Materials Chemistry (SSMC)

Scope:Research & education focusing on the design & synthesis ofnovel materials guided by modeling and prediction through theory

Objective:Provide a broad range of new materials exhibiting diversestructures, and physical & chemical properties

David L. Nelsondnelson@nsf.gov703-292-4932

Joseph Akkarajakkara@nsf.gov703-292-4946

Polymers (POL)

Scope:Fundamental research and education on materials aspects of polymers and on new concepts in polymer science

Emphasis:• New and optimized polymeric materials through novel synthesis,

assembly, or processing• Structure, morphology, and properties of polymers• Specialized materials (e.g., copolymers, hybrids) and geometries

(e.g., thin films, interfaces, solutions)

Andrew J. Lovinger703-292-4933alovinger@nsf.gov

Freddy Khoury703-292-8451fkhoury@nsf.gov

Biomaterials (BMAT)

• Materials of biological origin, biomimetic and bioinspired materials, and biocompatible materials

• Synthetic and biological pathways to these materials• Properties of these materials and phenomena associated with them• Biomolecular assemblies, systems, and composites involving these materials• Applications of the methods of condensed matter physics and chemistry and

biologically-related materials science to study these materials

David Brantdbrant@nsf.gov

Joseph Akkarajakkara@nsf.gov

Satyendra Kumarskumar@nsf.gov

Ceramics (CER)

Scope: Basic research & education in ceramics (e.g., oxides,carbides, nitrides and borides + diamond & inorganiccarbon-based materials)

Objective: Increase fundamental understanding and develop predictive capabilities for relating synthesis, processing, andmicrostructure of ceramic materials to their properties andultimate performance

Lynnette D. Madsenlmadsen@nsf.gov703-292-4936

Metals (MET)

Scope:Fundamental research on the basic relationships between nano-, and microstructure of metallic materials & their manifested physicalproperties

Emphasis: • Develop new metallic materials with superior physical properties• Create predictive capabilities for alloy design, synthesis, &

structure-composition-property relationships• Foster discovery of new phenomena of fundamental importance

that expands & impacts the overall body of knowledge on materials

Harsh Deep Chopra703-292-4543hchopra@nsf.gov

Bruce A. MacDonald703-292-4934Bmacdona@nsf.gov

Electronic Materials (EM)

Scope: Fundamental materials science, synthesis and processing research on functional electronic and/or photonic materials

Emphasis:• Identification & understanding of mechanisms associated with synthesis,

processing, defects, surface and interface phenomena• Integration of dissimilar materials for better functionality, performance, & cost• Functional materials and configurations (e.g., inorganic, organic, polymers,

metals, semiconductors, insulators) and geometries (e.g., thin films, interfaces, nanostructures)

LaVerne D. Hess703-292-4937lhess@nsf.gov

Charles Ying703-292-8428cying@nsf.gov

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSECs)

Scope: Fundamental materials science and engineering

Emphasis: Materials research & education, facilities, and outreach

Status:• 26 centers nationwide: 13 each in 2002 & 2005 for 6 years• Current MRSEC competition is underway• Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) program, next competition

anticipated in FY2009

Rama Bansilrbansil@nsf.gov

Maija Kuklamkukla@nsf.gov

Tom Riekertrieker@nsf.gov

Charles Yingcying@nsf.gov

Office of Special Programs (OSPs)

Scope: Coordinate & support cross-cutting research and education activities within DMR and NSF

Focus: International collaborations in materials research & education, human resource development

Present Activities:• International Materials Institutes (IMI): coordinate a global network of

materials researchers• Materials World Network (MWN): support collaborative research and

education in partnership with funding organizations world-wide• Research & Education for Undergraduates (REU) sites with RET and

international components (education)• Conferences, workshops (broadening participation & education)

Carmen Huber703-292-4939chuber@nsf.gov

Uma Venkateswaran703-292-7732uvenkate@nsf.gov

Instrumentation for Materials Research (IMR) and Major Research Instrumentation (MRI)

• IMR supports instrumentation grants for equipment larger than that in programmatic awards

• MRI supports even larger equipment grants, $100K to $4M

• Both programs support acquisition and development awards for instrumentation.

• MRI limited to 2 acquisition and 1 development proposals per institution per year. IMR limited to one per PI and one as co-PI

• MRI funds PUI and PhD institutions separately.• 30% cost sharing required in MRI, no cost

sharing requirement in IMR.

Charles Bouldin703-292-4920cbouldin@nsf.gov

Instrumentation for Materials Research -Mid-scale Major Instrumentation Projects

(IMR-MIP)

– Created in 2004– Design and construction of major instruments ($2M- $20M)

at major US user facilities – Development of detailed conceptual and engineering design

for new tools for materials preparation or characterization – Two types of awards:

• Conceptual and Engineering Design (CED)• Construction (CNST)

Dr. G.X. Tessemagtessema@nsf.gov703-292-4935

National Facilities (NAF)

Scope: Operation of national user facilities withspecialized high-cost, state-of-the-art instrumentation forthe research and educational communities

Access: Open to all US research and educationalinstitutions on the basis of competitive proposals reviewCurrent Facilities:National High Magnetic Fields Laboratory (NHMFL)Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) at the University of WisconsinCenter for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) at NISTNational Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network (NNIN)

Dr. G.X. Tessemagtessema@nsf.gov703-292-4935

Others 9%

Facilities & Instrumentation

19%

Centers27%

Individuals & Groups

45%

DMR Support in Materials Research & Education($257 M in Fiscal Year 2007)

Ceramics 10.86 (9%)

Electronic Materials 14.37 (12%)

Metals11.82 (10%)

Polymers

13.73 (12%)

Biomaterials 4.8 (4%)

18.25 (16%)

Condensed Matter Physics 28.86 (25%)

Funding ($M) Distribution for Individual Investigators’ Programs in Fiscal Year 2007

Condensed Matter & Materials Theory

Solid State &Materials Chemistry

14.62 (12%)

MPS by DivisionMPS by Division(Dollars in Millions)

FY 2005 - FY 2008

FY 2005

Actuals

FY 2006

Actuals

FY 2007

Actuals

Change

from

06 to 07

FY 2008

Request

Change

from

07 to 08

FY 2008

Estimate

Change

from

07to 08

AST 195.11 $199.75 $215.39 7.8% $232.97 8.2% $217.86 1.1%

CHE 179.26 180.70 191.22 5.8% 210.54 10.1% 194.22 1.6%

DMR 240.09 242.59 257.26 6.0% 282.59 9.8% 260.22 1.2%

DMS 200.24 199.52 205.74 3.1% 223.47 8.6% 211.79 2.9%

PHY 224.86 234.15 248.47 6.1% 269.06 8.3% 250.52 0.8%

OMA 29.80 29.90 32.64 9.2% 34.37 5.3% 32.70 0.2%

MPS 1,069.36 1,086.61 1,150.72 5.9% 1,253.00 8.9% $1,167.31 1.4%

Impact of FY2008 Budget on DMR Programs

• DMR will be unable to increase research and education support

• Success rates for individual investigators will remain at historically low levels

• DMR will be unable to increase support for centers

• DMR will be unable to enhance research, user programs, instrument upgrades or education activities at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

DMR Funding Rate for Research Proposals

05

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354045

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Fund

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Rat

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All WomenMinorities

Women or Minority Principal Investigators

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New versus Prior Principal Investigators

Total Number of Proposals & Awards in FY 2002- FY 2007

DMR Awards Demographics in FY 1998 – FY 2007

Total number : 1,352 proposals / 301 awardsWomen PIs : 191 proposals / 51 awards

Minority PIs : 77 proposals / 17 awards

FY 2007

02468

1012141618

1998

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Fem

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FemaleMinority

• Advance Discovery & Encourage Innovation• Broaden participation • Promote excellence in Materials Research &

Education

My Vision for DMR

• Advance discovery & encourage innovation through transformational, multidisciplinary & global Materials Research

• Promote excellence in K-12, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and public Materials Education

• Develop a strong Materials Research infrastructure via new tools, interdisciplinary centers and multi-user facilities

• Support a capable, diversified and responsive DMR staff for achieving excellence in Materials Research & Education

Strategic Goals

NAS Studies & NSF Workshops

National Academy of Sciences (NAS)• Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science (2005)• Midsize Facilities (2006)• Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics (2007)• Materials Research, Science & Engineering Centers (2007)

National Science Foundation (NSF)• Cyberinfrastructure & Cyberdiscovery in Materials Science (2006)• Future Directions in Solid-State Chemistry (2008)• Interdisciplinary, Globally Leading, Polymer Science & Engineering(2008)

Physics 2010 – Big Questions

• How do complex phenomena emerge from simple ingredients?• How will the energy demands of future generations be met?• What is the physics of life?• What happens far from equilibrium and why?• What new discoveries await us in the nanoworld?• How will the information technology revolution be extended?• How do we extend the frontiers of measurement & prediction?• How can we inspire and teach others?

Quantum-dot photonic crystal cavity Evelyn Hu et al., UCSB

DMR Intellectual Focus Areas• Cyber-enabled discovery and innovation• Fundamental research addressing “Science

Beyond Moore’s Law”• “Green” materials for sustainability

& advancement of human kind on earth• “Blue-Sky” materials (ex. meta-materials,

morphing materials, materials linking physical & living systems)

• Nanoscale materials and phenomena• Emerging complexity; systems beyond equilibrium• Seeing beyond the frontiers and expect the unexpected!

Education is integrated with Research throughout

Scale-free networks

Philippe Cluzel, U Chicago

Cyber-enabled DiscoveryComputational Materials

• The inverse problem“The Holy Grail for materials research” - Materials by Design

• The forward problemQuantitative Understanding of the Origin of Materials Properties

and Phenomena

• The nanoscale problemStructure Determination when the Structure is no Longer Highly

Periodic

• Real-time analysis of complex experimental data (e.g. DANSE)

• Big Iron and/or Distributed Computing?

DANSE

Distributed Analysis of Neutron Scattering Experiments

Spallation Neutron Source

DANSE

Users

ComputerCluster

Database

Theory

$1.2B for SNS

$12M for DANSE

Large amount of beam time wasted without DANSE

The Materials World Network - 2007Since 2001 ~950 NSF proposals, 182 awards, $67M

The International Materials Institutes are developing collaborations within Asia and Africa…

Map shows partnership-funded collaborations

Current Participation Natural Sciences Foundation-China (NSFC), ChinaDepartment of Science and Technology (DST), IndiaJapan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), JapanAgency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), SingaporeNational Science Council, Taiwan

DMR Visit to China & Japan (10/22-11/2/2007)Expanded participation of NSF-China beyond ‘materials science’ to include condensed matter physics and polymer scienceFuture yearly NSF-NSFC joint workshops alternating between USA and China“Nanostructured Materials for Global Energy and Environmental Challenges”jointly with CHE & DMS will be held in USAPossible joint summer school with Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), ChinaIncorporated the participation the following organizations in Japan in the MWN:

* National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS)* New Energy Development Organization (NEDO)* Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

Asia Participation in the Materials World Network

• Advance discovery & encourage innovation through transformational, multidisciplinary & global Materials Research

• Promote excellence in K-12, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and public Materials Education

• Develop a strong Materials Research infrastructure via new tools, interdisciplinary centers and multi-user facilities

• Support a capable, diversified and responsive DMR staff for achieving excellence in Materials Research & Education

Strategic Goals

> 5,000 people used DMR-supported facilities in FY07

577

2427

2104

150 200 366 157

2100

Faculty Postdoctoral FellowsGraduate Students Undergraduate StudentsK-12 Teachers K-12 StudentsTechnical Staff Administrative Staff

Distribution of People Funded by DMR in Materials Research & Education

Integration of Materials Research with Education

UTeach is featured in Rising Above the Gathering Storm as the first model program accompanying recommendation A-1:

TEN THOUSAND TEACHERS FOR TEN MILLION MINDS(PI is DMR grantee Mike Marder)

70 DMR REU Sites in 2006

• Students at all levels• Research experience for

undergraduates and teachers• Individual investigators &

groups• CAREER awards• Centers & user facilities• Partnerships & international

activities

Preparing the Workforce of 21st CenturyDMR supports workforce development throughout the educational continuum

Young investigators (CAREER, ACI-Fellows)

Undergraduate students (REU)

K-12 science educators (RET)

Broadening Participation (PREM, ACI-Fellows, Diversity & Education Workshops)

Pilot ACI-Fellows Program in 2008

Diversity & Education Workshops in 2008

Creativity extension awards for young investigators and/or under-represented groups

Extend support for work that emphasizes:* Broadening participation and/or * Has a strong potential for transformative research

Gender Equity Workshop (May 18-20, University of Maryland)Education Workshop (August 4-5, NSF)Workshop for Scientists with Disabilities Jointly with CHE

• Advance discovery & encourage innovation through transformational, multidisciplinary & global Materials Research

• Promote excellence in K-12, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and public Materials Education

• Develop a strong Materials Research infrastructure via new tools, interdisciplinary centers and multi-user facilities

• Support a capable, diversified and responsive DMR staff for achieving excellence in Materials Research & Education

Strategic Goals

DMR Facilities – Major ChallengesFacility operating costs are borne by DMR

A major decision will be made based on the recommendations of the MPSAC panel on NSF role

in future light source facilities!

• DMR currently provides ~95% of NSF funding• Serving an increasingly broad user community

Partnership is essential !

II. Stewardship of Future Light Source Facility?Future of University-Based Synchrotron Facility?

I. Stewardship of the NHMFL

• Advance discovery & encourage innovation through transformational, multidisciplinary & global Materials Research

• Promote excellence in K-12, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and public Materials Education

• Develop a strong Materials Research infrastructure via new tools, interdisciplinary centers and multi-user facilities

• Support a capable, diversified and responsive DMR staff for achieving excellence in Materials Research & Education

Strategic Goals

Organizational Excellence

• We are doing better than NSF average• We promise to increase it close to 90% !• In fact some of the DMR programs have already reached this goal!

% of decisions made within 6 months

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

NSFDMR

Materials research is key to competitiveness Materials research is key to competitiveness andand is is brimming with new ideas and opportunitiesbrimming with new ideas and opportunities

•• Raise the success ratesRaise the success rates•• Protect budget share for Core Research in Protect budget share for Core Research in IIAsIIAs, groups, , groups,

centers centers –– the the ‘‘discovery machinediscovery machine’’•• Maintain/reexamine current balance among funding modesMaintain/reexamine current balance among funding modes•• Support areas of emphasis via core wherever possibleSupport areas of emphasis via core wherever possible•• Strengthen/restructure the MRSEC program Strengthen/restructure the MRSEC program •• Instrumentation at all scales (IMR, MRI, MIP)Instrumentation at all scales (IMR, MRI, MIP)•• Facilities Facilities –– stewardship stewardship vsvs partnership (NHMFL, future partnership (NHMFL, future

coherent light sourcecoherent light source……))•• We MUST broaden participation in materials research and We MUST broaden participation in materials research and

education!education!•• Strong support for international partnershipStrong support for international partnership

DMR Management GoalsDMR Management Goals

Criteria for the Merit Review System:I. Intellectual Merit

• Potential of the Research to Advance Knowledge• Originality and Creativity of the Proposal• Transformative Potential of the Proposed Work• Qualifications of researchers• Organizational Capacity

What is meant by transformative research?

Transformative research is research that has the potential to:• Revolutionize existing fields• Create new subfields• Cause paradigm shifts• Support discovery• Lead to radically new technologies

Criteria for the Merit Review System:II. Broader Impacts

• Aspects of Teaching and Learning• Integration of Research and Education• Infrastructure Development• Technology Transfer• Societal Benefits• Broader participation through

– Inclusion of a diversity of participants, especially women, minorities and people with disabilities

– Partnerships with 2- and 4-year colleges – International collaboration