Materials of Art and Archaeology

Bibliography

Part IV. Instrumental Methods

Norbert S. Baer

Conservation CenterInstitute of Fine ArtsNew York University

September 2003

Introduction

Part I. Inorganic Materials (2003).

Part II. Metals (1999).

Part III. Organic Materials (2003).

Part IV. Instrumental Methods (2003).

Part V. Environment (1999).

Part VI. Museology (2003).

Part VII. Dating and Provenance (2003).

Part VIII Library and Archive Materials (2003).

Part IX Stone (1999).

Part X. Dyes and Pigments (2003).

Cumulative Index

May be obtained from:

Conservation CenterInstitute of Fine ArtsNew York University

14 East 78th StreetNew York, New York 10021

September 2003

PART IV: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy....................................1

Chromatographic Methods...............................................1

Chromatographic Methods: GC.......................................2

Chromatographic Methods: Ion.......................................2

Chromatographic Methods: Liquid.................................3

Chromatographic Methods: PyGC..................................3

Chromatographic Methods: PyGC: Amber....................5

Electron Beam Microprobe Analysis..............................5

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy..........................6

Electronics.........................................................................6

Emission Spectroscopy.....................................................6

General Instrumental Analysis References.....................7

Image Processing..............................................................8

Image Processing: Paintings..........................................11

Infrared Spectroscopy....................................................14

Kinetics............................................................................16

Laboratory Design..........................................................16

Laboratory Safety...........................................................16

Light Microscopy............................................................18

Mass Spectroscopy.........................................................18

Mössbauer Spectroscopy................................................19

NMR Spectroscopy.........................................................20

Nondestructive Testing..................................................21

Nuclear Analytical Methods..........................................21

Optical Minerology.........................................................22

Optics...............................................................................22

PIXE Analysis.................................................................23

Raman Spectroscopy......................................................23

Raman Spectroscopy: Pigments....................................26

Scanning Electron Microscopy......................................28

Spectroscopy: General References................................28

Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design..............28

Thermal Analysis............................................................30

X-ray Diffraction............................................................33

X-ray Fluorescence.........................................................34

X-ray Radiography.........................................................36

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM, Methods for Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy: Practices, Terminology, Guides, Standard Methods, Suggested Methods, Eighth Edition, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (1987). xxiii + 1125pp.

P.W.J.M. Boumans, “Detection Limits and Spectral Interferences in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” Analytical Chemistry 66 No. 8 459A-467A (1994).

R.M. Dagnall and G.F. Kirkbright, Editors, Second International Atomic Absorption Spectroscropy Conference, Sheffield, England, Butterworths, London (1970). 143pp.

J.C. Davis, Jr., "Introduction to Spectroscopy: Part VI. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy," Chemistry 49 No.2 17-20 (1976).

S.S.M. Hassan, Organic Analysis Using Atomic Absoprtion Spectrometry, Halstead Press, NY (1984). 384pp.

S.J. Haswell, Editor, Atomic Absorption Spectormetry: Theory, Design and Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1991). xx + 529pp.

G.M. Hieftje and T.R. Copland, "Flame Emission, Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 300R-327R (1978).

G.F. Kirkbright and M. Sargent, Atomic Absorption and Fluorescene Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York (1974) ix + 794pp.

L. Lajunen, Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England (1992). xii + 241pp.

A. Mottana and R. Burragato, Editors, Absorption Spectroscopy in Mineralogy, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1990). xix + 294pp.

Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Atomic Absorption Bibliography, Perkin-Elermer Corporation, Norwalk, CT (1977).

W.J. Price, Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption, Heyden Press, Philadelphia (1979).

J.W. Robinson, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Second Edition, Dekker, New York (1975) ix + 183pp.

J.W. Robinson, “Atomic Absorption: A View of the Early Days,” Analytical Chemistry 66 No. 8 472A-477A (1994).

M. Slavin, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1978). xiii + 193pp.

J.C. Van Loon, Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York (1980). xi + 337pp.

B. Welz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Translated by C. Skegg, Second English Edition, Verlag Chemie, New York (1986). xiii + 506pp.

Chromatographic Methods

A. Basch. "Analyses of Oil from Two Roman Glass Bottles," Israel Exploration Journal 22 27-32 (1972).

C.W. Beck, "Aus der Bernstein-Forschung," Die Naturwissenschaften 59 294-298 (1972).

J.C. Brown, "Chromatography," CIBA Reivew No.3 1-39 (1966).

J. Brown and R.A. Gould, "Column Chromatography and the Possibility of Carbon-lens Migration," American Antiquity 29 No. 3 387-389 (1964).

J. Cazes and J. Carter, "Molecular Weight Distribution," Industrial Research 17 No.7 53-58 (1975).

F. Goppelsroeder, Capillaranalyse, Beruhend auf Capillaritäts und Adsorptionserscheinungen, Birkhauser, Basel (1901). x + 545pp.

E. Heftmann, Editor, Chromatography, A Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods, Third Edition, Van Nostrand, New York (1975). xxx + 969pp.

E. Heftmann, Editor, Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications of Chromatography and Related Differential Migration Methods, Fifth Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1992).

S. Keck and T. Peters, "Identification of Protein-Containing Paint Media by Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis," Studies in Conservation 14 75-82 (1969).

R. Kléber and F. Tricot-Marckx, "Essai d'identification d'une colle animale utilisée par Rubens," Bull. Inst. Royal Patrimoine Artiste 6 57-62 (1963).

F. Kurzer, "An Early Application of Paper Chromatography,” Journal of Chemical Education 55 No.5 321-322 (1978).

M. Ludtke and B. Lerch, "Über die Aminosäuren der Hautsubstanz pflanzlicher Faserzellen," Holzforschung 22 No.1 1-8 (1968).

H.L. Macdonell, "Characterization of Fountain Pen Ink by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis," Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science (Baltimore). 53 507-521 (1962).

H.L. Macdonell, "Porous Glass Chromatography," Nature 189 302-303 (1961).

H.L. Macdonell and J.P. Williams, "Porous Glass Chromatography Used for the Characterization of Water-soluble Inks," Analytical Chemistry 33 1552-1554 (1961).

A. Oekonomidis, C. Pavlopulu-Papakosta and A.A. Christomanos, "Vergleichende Untersuchungen über den Aminosäuregehalt menschlicher Knochen verschiedener Zeitalter sowie Fossiler Knochen und Mollusken, I.," Akademia Athenon, Praktika 43 No.A 454-460 (1968). Cited AATA 10 515 (1973).

R.P.W. Scott, "General Principles of Chromatography," In H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, Editors, Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989).

R. Stock and C.B.F. Rice, Chromatographic Methods, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, London (1974). viii + 383pp.

F.H. Stross and A.E. O'Donnell, "Laboratory Analysis of Organic Materials," Addison-Wesley Modular Publications, Reading, Massachusetts (1972). 22pp.

Superelco Inc., "Separation of Hydrocarbons," Bulletin 743B, Superelco, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania (1974). 12pp.

J.C. Touchstone, Practice of Thin-Layer Chromatography Third Edition, Wiley, NJ (1992). 377pp.

See Also: Selected References, Polymer Analysis with Liquid Chromatography, February 1979, Perkin-Elmer Order No. TDB-2, 8pp.

Chromatographic Methods: GC

F. Bruner, Gas Chromatographic Environmental Analysis, VCH Publishers, New York (1993). xii + 233pp.

L.S. Ettre and J.V. Hinshaw, Basic Relationships of Gas Chromotography, Advanstar, Cleveland, OH (1993). xi + 177pp.

D.L. Smith and E.H. Piepmeier, “Fingerprint Indentification of Organic Compounds Using an Oscillating Plasma Glow Discharge Detector for Gas Chromotography,” Analytical Chemistry 66 No. 8 1323-1329 (1994).

J.D. Walters, "Gas Chromatography," In H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989).

Chromatographic Methods: Ion

W.C. Bauman and J. Eichhorn, "Fundamental Properties of a Synthetic Cation Exchange Resin," Journal of the American Chemical Society 69 2830-2836 (1947).

S. Borman, "Eluent, Effluent, Eluate, Eluite," Analytical Chemistry 59 99A (1987).

Dionex Corporation, Ion Chromatography Cookbook, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA (1987).

A. Dyer, M.J. Hudson, and P.A. Williams, Ion Exchange Processes, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England (1993) ix + 371pp.

J.S. Fritz and J.N. Story, "Chromatographic Separation of Metal Ions on Low Capacity Macroreticular Resins, Analytical Chemistry 46 825-829 (1974).

D.T. Gjerde and J.S. Fritz, Ion Chromatography, Second Edition, Huethig Publishing, Heidelberg and New York (1987). xi + 283pp.

D.T. Gjerde, J.S. Fritz and G. Schmuckler, "Anion Chromatography with Low-Conductivity Eluents," Journal of Chromatography, 186 509-519 (1979).

P.R. Haddad and P.E. Jackson, Ion Chromatography: Principles and Applicatons, Elsevier, New York (1990). xxi + 776pp.

P.B. Hamilton, "Ion Exchange Chromatography of Amino Acids. Study Effects of High Pressures and Fast Flow Rates," Analytical Chemistry 32 1779-1781 (1960).

P.B. Hamilton, "Ion Exchange Chromatography of Amino Acids - A Single Column, High Resolving, Fully Automatic Procedure," Analytical Chemistry 35 2055-2064 (1963).

E. Heftmann, Editor, Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications of Chromatography and Related Differential Migration Methods, Fifth Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1992). 2 vols.

E.L. Johnson and K.K. Haak, "Anion Analysis by Ion Chromatography," In J.F. Lawrence, Editor, Liquid Chromatography in Environmental Analysis, Humana Press, Clifton, NJ (1983).

S.W. Mayer and E.R. Tompkins, "Ion Exchange as a Separations Method. IV. A Theoretical Analysis of the Column Separations Process," Journal of the American Chemical Society 69 2866-2874 (1947).

H.M. McNair and L.N. Polite, "Recent Advances in Ion Chromatography," American Laboratory 19 116-121 (1988).

R.K. Pinschmidt, "Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Weak Acid Ions," In J.D. Mulik and E. Sawicki, Editors, Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Environmental Pollutants, Volume 2, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI (1979).

W.R. Reiman and H.F. Walton, Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1970). xiii + 295pp.

M. Richards, "Separation of Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids by Liquid Chromatography," Journal of Chromatography 115 259-261 (1975).

R.D. Rocklin and E.L. Johnson, "Determination of Cyanide, Sulfide, Iodide and Bromide by Ion Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection," Analytical Chemistry 55 4-7 (1983).

E. Sawicki, J.D. Mulik and E. Wittgenstein, Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Environmental Pollutants, Volumes 1 and 2, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI (1978 and 1979).

H. Small, Ion Chromatography, Plenum Press, New York (1989). 276 pp.

H. Small, "Ion Chromatography in Trace Analysis," In J.F. Lawrence, Editor, Trace Analysis, Volume 1, Academic Press, New York (1981).

H. Small and J. Solc, "Ion Chromatography - Principles and Applications," in M. Streat, Editor, The Theory and Practice of Ion Exchange, Society of Chemical Industry, London, (1976).

F.C. Smith and R.C. Chang, The Practice of Ion Chromatography, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL (1991). xiii + 218pp.

K. Tanaka and J.S. Fritz, "Determination of Bicarbonate by Ion-Exclusion Chromatography with Ion-Exchange Enhancement of Conductivity Detection," Analytical Chemistry 59 708-712 (1987).

H.F. Walton and R.D. Rocklin, Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1990). 229pp.

P.A. Williams and M.J. Hudson, Editors, Recent Developments in Ion Exchange II, Elsevier Applied Science, New York (1990). x + 361pp.

Chromatographic Methods: Liquid

J. Cazes, Editor, Liquid Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials, M. Dekker, NY (1977).

J. Cazes and X. Delamare, Editors, Liquid Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials II, M. Dekker, NY (1980).

J. Cazes, Editor, Liquid Chromatography of Polymers and Related Materials III, M. Dekker, NY (1981).

J.R. Larson and C.D. Pfeiffer, "Determination of Organic Ionic Compounds by Liquid Chromatography and Indirect Photometric Detection," Analytical Chemistry 55 393-396 (1983).

Chromatographic Methods: PyGC

J.J. Boon, A.D. Pouwels and G.B. Eijkel, "Pyrolysis High-Resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Studies on Beech Wood: Capillary High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of a Beech Lignin Fraction," Biochemical Society Transactions 170-174 (1987).

R. Breek and W. Froentjes, "Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography on Some of van Meegeren's Faked Vermeers and Pieter de Hooghs," Studies in Conservation 20 No.4 183-189 November (1975).

A.F. Byrne, "Conservation of Polychrome Wood Sculpture at the Australian War Memorial,” ICCM Bulletin 2 No.3 5-14 September (1976).

M. Carbini, S. Volpin, and P. Traldi, "Curie-Point Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in the Identification of Paint Media,” OMS. Organic Mass Spectrometry 29 No.10 561-565 (1994).

J. Challinor, Pyrolysis Capillary Gas Chromatography of Alkyd Paints in Forensic Science, Government Chemical Laboratories, Perth, Australia (1984). 17pp.

P. Champe, Baldwin, M. McMacFarland, J. Nadolny, "The Examination and the Treatment of Four, Late 19th-Century, Papier-Mâché, Entomological Study Models Manufactured by la Maison Deyrolle of Paris,” In Papers presented at the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Association of Graduate Training Programs in Conservation, Washington, April 21-23, 1994, Conservation Analytical Laboratory Smithsonian Institution, Washington (1994). pp.1-7.

G. Chiavari, P. Bocchini, and G.C. Galletti, "Rapid Identification of Binding Media in Paintings using Simultaneous Pyrolysis Methylation Gas Chromatography,” Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 1 153-158 (1992).

G. Chiavari, D. Fabbri, S. Prati, R. Mazzeo, D. Bikiaris, S. Daniilia, and Y. Chryssoulakis, "Analytical pyrolysis: Application to the Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Paintings Layers," In Art 99: 6th International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing and Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage, Rome, May 17-20, 1999,

Euroma, Roma (1999). pp.1145-1162.

G. Chiavari, G.C. Galletti, G. Lanterna, and R. Mazzeo, "The Potential of Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in the Recognition of Ancient Painting Media," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 24 No.3 227-242 (1993).

J.S. Crighton, Characterization Of Textile Materials By Thermal Degradation: A Critique Of Pyrolysis GC and Thermogravimetry, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of Analytical Pyrolysis, S.l.: S.N., n.d.  M.R. Derrick and D.C. Stulik, "Identification of Natural Gums in Works of Art using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography," In ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 26-31 August 1990. Preprints, K. Grimstad, Editor, ICOM Committee for Conservation, Paris (1990). pp.9-13.

S. Fleming, "An Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Approaches to Authentication,” In Authentication in the Visual Arts: A multi-Disciplinary Symposium. Amsterdam, 12th March 1977, B. M. Israel, Amsterdam (1979). pp.103-139.   K.L. Freeman, "Techniques used in the Analysis of Polymers,” ICCM Bulletin 5 No.2 12-27 June (1979).

W. Froentjes and R. Breek, "A New Study in the Identity of Van Meegeren's Binder," Chem. Weekblad Mag. 583, 585, 587, 589 (1977).

P.H. Greaves, "Fibre Content Testing," Wool Science Review 68 1-24 (1992).

L. Haber, Analysis of Sulfur Containing Amino Acids by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography (1983). vi + 95pp.

D.J. Hanson, Differentiation of Enteric Bacteria by Pyrolysis-gas-liquid Chromatography (1978) ix + 78pp.

H. Hirano and A. Tanaka, "Analysis of Plastics by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography," Kagaku Keisatsu Kenkyusho Hokoku 31 No.3 172-178 (1978).

W.J. Irwin, Analytical Pyrolysis: a Comprehensive Guide, Dekker, New York (1982). xii + 578pp.

G. Heck, "Analyse und Herkunftsbestimmung," Archäologie in Deutschland No.3 28-30 (1997).

G. Lanterna and M. Matteini, "Organic Binders in the Wall Paintings of Florence Cathedral: Characterization by Fingerprint-Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography," Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 7 No.1 31-38 (1998).

T. Learner, "The Analysis of Synthetic Paints by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (PyGCMS)," Studies in Conservation 46 No.4 225-341 (2001).

  S.A. Liebman and E.J. Levy, Editors, Pyrolysis and GC in Polymer Analysis, M. Dekker, New York (1984). x + 557pp.

W.N. Marmer, P. Magidman, and C.M.Carr, "Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography of Wool. Part 1. Detection and Quantitation of Commercially Applied Agents," Textile Research Journal 57 No.12 681-686 (December 1987).

M. Matteini, A. Moles, A. Masala, and V. Parrini, "Examination through Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography of Binders Used in Painting," In Scientific Methodologies Applied to Works of Art. Proceedings of the Symposium, Florence, Italy 2-5 May 1984, P.L. Parrini, Editor, Montedison Progetto Cultura, Milan (1986). pp.41-44, 230  R.W. May, E.R. Pearson, and D. Scothern, Pyrolysis - Gas Chromatography, Chemical Society, London (1977). vii + 109pp.

D.V.D. Meent, J.W. de Leeuw and P.A. Schenck, "Quantitative Analysis of Biopolymer Mixtures by Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 4 133-142 (1982).

H. Mestdagh, C. Rolando, M. Sablier, and J-P. Rioux, "Characterization of Ketone Resins by Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 64 No.19 2221-2226 (1992).

N. Niimura and T. Miyakoski, "Identifizierung fernöstlicher Lacküberzüge mittels Pyrolyse/Gaschromatographie/ Massenspektroskopie," In Japanische und Europäische Lackarbeiten: Rezeption, Adaption, Restaurierung, Karl M. Lipp, München (2000). pp.123-134  M. Nip, J.W. de Leeuw, and P.A. Schenk, "The Characterization of Eight Maceral Concentrates by Means of Curie Point Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography and Curie Point Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry," Geochimica et Cosmochimca Acta 52 637-648.

W. Noble, B.B. Wheals, and M.J. Whitehouse, "Characterization of Adhesives by Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy," Forensic Science 3 163-174 (1974).

R. Pancella and Y. Indermühle-Früh, "Identification des Matières Organiques dans les Peintures et Objets d'Art par Chromatographie en Phase Gazeuse, Pyrolyse et Spectrométrie de Masse," In Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the 1995 LCP Congress, Montreux, 24-29 September 1995, Laboratoire de Conservation de la Pierre, Lausanne (1996). pp.521-545.

S. Paul, "Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographic Analysis (PGC) of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA)-Ethyl Acrylate (EA) Copolymers," Journal of Coatings Technology 52 No.661 47-55 (1980).

L. Puchinger, H. Stachelberger, and G. Banik, "Identifizierung organischer Materialien an Objekten der bildenden Kunst," Wiener Berichte über Naturwissenschaft in der Kunst 6/7/8 26-36 (1991).   A. Quye, "Historical Plastics Come of Age," Chemistry in Britain 31 No.8 617-620 (1995).  H.K. Raaschou Nielson, "Forensic Analysis of Coatings," JCT/Journal of Coatings Technology 56 No.718 November (1984). pp.21-32.

G.D. Rogers, "An Improved Pyrolytic Technique for the Quantitative Characterization of the Media of Works of Art," In Conservation and Restoration of Pictorial Art, N. Brommelle and P. Smith, Editors, Butterworths, London (1976). pp.93-100.

C.E. Roland Jones and C.A. Cramers, Analytical Pyrolysis: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Analytical Pyrolysis Held in Amersterdam, September 7-9, 1976, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1977) ix + 424pp.

C. Saiz-Jimenez, "Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, A Microanalytical Method for Investigation of Organic Compounds in Building Stones and Monuments," In 3a Conferenza Internazionale sulle Prove Non Distruttive, Metodi Microanalitici e Indagini Ambientali per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Opere D'arte: Viterbo 4-9 Ottobre 1992, M. Marabelli and P. Santopadre, Editors, Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Brescia, Italy (1992). pp.815-830

A.M. Shedrinsky and N.S. Baer, "The Application of Analytic Pyrolysis to the Study of Cultural Materials,” In T. Wampler, Editor Applied Pyrolysis Handbook Marcel Dekker, New York (1995). pp. 125-155.

A.M. Shedrinsky, R.E. Stone and N.S. Baer, "Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographic Studies on Egyptian Archaeological Specimens: Organic Patinas on the Three Princesses Gold Vessels," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 20 229-238 (1991).

A.M. Shedrinsky, T.P. Wampler, and N.S.Baer, "Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography (PyGC) Applied to the Study of Natural Waxes in Art and Archaeology,” In Science, Technology, and European Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the European Symposium, Bologna, Italy, 13-16 June 1989, N.S. Baer, C. Sabbioni, and A.I. Sors, Editors, Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers, Guildford (1991). pp.553-558.

A.M. Shedrinsky, T.P. Wampler, and N.S.Baer, "The Identification of Dammar, Mastic, Sandarac and Copals by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography," Wiener Berichte über Naturwissenschaft in der Kunst 4-5 12-25 (1987).

A.M. Shedrinsky, T.P. Wampler, N. Indictor and N.S. Baer, "Application of Analytical Pyrolysis to Problems in Art and Archaeology: A Review," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 15 393-412 (1989).

A.M. Shedrinsky, T.P. Wampler, N. Indictor, and N.S.Baer, "The Use of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography (PyGC) in the Identification of Oils and Resins Found in Art and Archaeology," Conservation of Cultural Property in India 21 35-41 (1988).

N. Sonoda, "Application des Méthodes Chromatographiques à la Caractérisation des Peintures Alkydes pour Artistes," Techne No.8 33-43 (1998).  N. Sonoda, "Characterization of Organic Azo-pigments by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography," Studies in Conservation 44 No.3 (1999) Pp.195-208.

N. Sonoda and J-P. Rioux, "Identification des Matériaux Synthétiques dans les Peintures Modernes. 1. Vernis et Liants Polymères," Studies in Conservation 35 No.4 189-204 November (1990).

N. Sonoda, J-P. Rioux, and A-R. Duval, "Identification des Matériaux Synthétiques dans les Peintures Modernes: II. Pigments Organiques et Matière Picturale," Studies in Conservation 38 No.2 99-127 (1993).

P.J.J. Tromp, J.A. Moulijn, and J.J. Boon, "Analytical Curie Point Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography as a Tool to Characterize Key Parameter Relevant to Coal Reactivity," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 15 319-331 (1989).

K.J. Voorhees, Editor, Analytical Pyrolysis: Techniques and Applications, Butterworths, London and Boston (1984). 486pp.

T.P. Wampler, Editor, Applied Pyrolysis Handbook Marcel Dekker, New York (1995). x+361pp.

T. Yano, "Determination of Styrene Copolymer Sizing Agents in Paper by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography," Analytical Chemistry 66 No.9 1444-1447 (1994).

Chromatographic Methods: PyGC: Amber

K.B. Anderson and B.A. LePage, "The Nature and Fate of Natural Resins in the Geosphere. Part VI. Analysis of Fossil Resins from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic,” ACS Symposium Series 617 170-192 (1995).

J.J. Boon, A. Tom, and J. Pureveen, "Microgram Scale Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometric and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographic Characterization of Geological and Archaeological Amber and Resin Samples," In Amber in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Amber

in Archaeology, Liblice, 1990, C.W. Beck and J. Bouzek, Editors, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Prague (1993). pp.9-27

G.C. Galletti and R. Mazzeo, "Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Amber,” Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 No.3 646-650 (1993).

D. Grimaldi, "The Care and Study of Fossiliferous Amber,” Curator 36 No.1 31-49 March (1993).  D.A. Grimaldi, A. Shedrinsky, A. Ross, and N.S. Baer, "Forgeries of Fossils in ‘Amber’: History, Identification, and Case Studies," Curator 37 No.4 251-274 (1994).

G. Heck, "Anwendung der PY-GC auf die Herkunftsbestimmung von Bernstein," Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 28 154-165 (1996).   H.L.C. Meuzelaar, J. Haverkamp, and F.D. Hileman, Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry of Recent and Fossil Biomaterials: Compedium and Atlas, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1982). xiii + 293pp.

G.O. Poinar and J. Haverkamp, "Use of Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry in the Identification of Amber Samples," Journal of Baltic Studies 16 No.3 210-230 (1985).

A.M. Shedrinsky, D. Grimaldi, T.P. Wampler, and N.S.Baer, "Amber and Copal: Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographic (PyGC) Studies of Provenance," Wiener Berichte uber Naturwissenschaft in der Kunst 6/7/8 (1989) Pp.37-65

Electron Beam Microprobe Analysis

D.R. Beaman and J.A. Isasi, Electron Beam Microanalysis, ASTM Special Technical Publication 506, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (1972). 80pp.

L.S. Birks, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Second Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1971). viii+190pp.

R.H. Brill and S. Moll, "The Electron-beam Microanalysis of Ancient Glass," In Recent Advances in Conservation: Contributions to the IIC Rome Conference, 1961, Butterworths, London, (1963). pp. 145-151.

H. Buhler and C. Strassburger, "Werkstoffkunliche untersuchungen an zwei fränkischen Schwerten aus dem 9 Jahrhundert," Archaeologische Eisenhütte 37 No.8 613-619 (1966).

D.E. Clark and B.A. Purdy, "Electron Microprobe Analysis of Weathered Chert," American Antiquity 44 No.3 519-524 (July 1979).

A.S. Darling and J.F. Healy, "Micro-probe Analysis and the Study of Greek Gold-Silver-Copper Alloys," Nature 231 443-444 (1971).

E. Eichen, J. Tabock and K.R. Tinsman, "An Elecron-microprobe Technique for Detecting Low Carbon Concentrations in Iron," Metallography 5 No. 2 151-162 (1972).

G. Elzinga-Ter Haar, "On the Use of the Electron Microprobe in Analysis of Cross Sections of Paint Samples," Studies in Conservation 16 41-55 (1971).

S. Gauthier and C. Joachim, Editors, Scanning Probe Microscopy: Beyond the Images, Materials Research Society (1993). 278pp.

R. Giovanoli, "Untersuchungen an römishen Wandmalereien," Chimia 22 No. 4 184-186 (1968).

R. Giovanoli, "Provincial Roman Wallpainting Investigated by Electron Microscopy," Archaeometry 11 53-59 (1969).

R.H. Heidel, "Standardization and Data Reduction for Electron Probe Analysis of Geological Materials," American Laboratory 10-14 (September 1971).

K.F.J. Heinrich, Editor, Quantitative Elecron Probe Microanalysis, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington (1968). viii+299pp.

K.F.J. Heinrich, "Errors in Theoretical Correction Systems in Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis - A synopsis," Analytical Chemistry 44 No.2 350-354 (1972).

J.R. Hitchings, "Color Aids Data Interpretation," Research/Development 26-28 (March 1976).

A.P. Hornblower, "Archaeological Applications of the Electronprobe Microanalyzer," Archaeometry 5 108-112 (1962).

A.P. Hornblower, "Some Examples of Work with the Electron Probe Microanalyzer," Archaeometry 6 37-42 (1963).

I.P. Jones, Chemical Microanalysis: Using Electron Beams, The Institute of Materials, London (1992). 241pp.

J.E. Kelley, H.M. Harris and P.A. Romans, "Analysis of Zinc Smelter Condensers by Color Microprobe Scanning," Metallography 5 59-68 (1972).

S.Z. Lewin and N.S. Baer, "Rationale of the Barium Hydroxide-Urea Treatment of Decayed Stone," Studies in Conservation 19 No.1 24-35 (1974).

W.C. McCrone, "Applications of Microanalysis," American Laboratory 11,12; 14-16 (April 1972).

H.V. Merrick and F.H. Brown, "Rapid Chemical Characterization of Obsidian Artifacts by Electron Microprobe Analysis," Archaeometry 26 No.2 230236 (1984).

A.A. Mills and R.N. Wilson, "A Sampling Stylus for Use with the Electron Probe," Archaeometry 20 (Part 1). 101-102 (1978).

G.R. Morton and J. Wingrove, "Constitution of Roman Bloomery Slags," Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 207 1556-1564 (1969).

R.E. Ogilvie, "Electron Microanalysis of Paint Samples from the Bersheh Sarcophagus," In Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1966). pp. 223-229.

J.S. Solomon and W.L. Baun, "Content Mapping with an Electron Microbeam Probe," American Laboratory 10-14, 16 (December 1970).

I.M. Stewart, "Microstructural Studies Using the Electron Microprobe Analyzer," In J.L. McCall and W.M. Mueller, Editors, Microstructural Analysis: Tools and Techniques, Plenum, New York (1973). pp.281-285.

W.J. Young, "Application of the Electron Microbeam Probe and Microo X-rays in Nondestructive Analysis," In Recent Advances in Conservation: Contributions to the IIC Rome Conference, 1961, Butterworths, London (1963). pp. 33-38.

W.J. Young, "Applications of the Laser and Electron Microbeam Probe in Analyses," IIC-AG Technical Papers 1968-1970, IIC-AG, New York (1970). pp. 59-62.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

J.R. Wasson and P.J. Corvan, "Electron Spin Resonance," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 92R-100R (1978).

Electronics

W.R. Hawkins, "What the Electrician is Talking About," Photomethods for Industry 50-53 (May 1973).

D. Stretton and A.W. Hartley, Collected Basic Circiuts, H.W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN (1970). 176pp.

W.R. Wellman, Elementary Electricity, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1974). xii + 483pp.

E.M. Winkler and M. van Swaay, "An Introduction to Microelectronics," Journal of Chemical Education 50 No.6 A325-A333; No.7 A363-A366; No.8 A394-A402.

Emission Spectroscopy

L.H. Ahrens and S.R. Taylor, Spectrochemical Analysis, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA(1961). 454pp.

ASTM, Symposium for Spectrochemical Analysis for Testing Materials, ASTM, Philadelphia (1957).

ASTM, Methods for Emission Spectrochemical Analysis, Seventh Edition, ASTM, Philadelphia (1982). xxii + 1098pp.

ASTM, Suggested Methods for Anaysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials, Ninth Edition, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (1992). 698pp.

R.M. Barnes, Editor, Emission Spectroscopy, Halstead Press, New York (1976). 548pp.

R.M. Barnes, "Emission Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 100R-120R (1978).

E.C. Blacklock, A. Rogers, C. Wall and B.B. Wheals, "The Quantitative Analysis of Glass by Emission Spectography; a Six Element Survey," Forensic Science 7 No. 2 121-130 (1976).

G. Boon, "Gold-in-glass Beads from the Ancient World," Britannia 8 193-207 (1977).

F. Brech and W. Young, "The Laser Microprobe and its Application to the Analysis of Works of Art," In Application of Science to the Examination of Works of Art, Proceedings of the Seminar, 1965, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1967). Pp. 230-237.

T. Brill and G.J. Reilly, "Chemistry in the Museum," Chemistry 6-9, May (1972).

W.R. Brode, Chemical Spectroscopy, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1943). xi + 677pp.

E.R. Caley, I.S.M. Chang and N.P. Woods, "Gravimetric and Spectrographic Analysis of Some Ancient Chinese Copper Alloys," Ars Orientalis 11 183-193 (1979).

M.A.S. Cameron and R.E. Jones, "Fresco Material from British Campaigns at Palaikastro," Annual of the British School at Athens 71 15-20 (1976).     J. Cejka, E. Kaprálová, Z. Rbanic and E. Strouhal, "Contribution to the Physico-chemical Research on Ancient Egyptian Materials," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/1/6/1-10.

J.I. Davis, Jr., "Introduction to Spectroscopy," Chemistry 47 No.9 6-10 (1975); 48 No.1 11-14; 48 No.5 19-22; 48 No.7 15-18; 48 No.11 5-9 (1976).

J. Francaix, Essai de traitement par l'analyse factorielle des correspondances de données analytiques obtenues par spectroscopie d'émission sur des bronzes gallo-romains, Secretariat d'État à la Culture, Direction des Musées de France, Paris (1974).

J. Francaix, "L'apport de la Spectrometrie D'Émission à Plasma dans L'Analyse des Objets Métalliques Anciens," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). pp. 103-141.

W. Gerlach and E. Schweitzer, Foundations and Method of Chemical Analysis by Emission Spectrum (Authorized translation of Die Chemische Emissionspektralanalyse, Volume I, by L. Voss, Hilger, London (1929). 123pp.

T.R.P. Gibb, Optical Methods of Chemical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York (1942). pp. 1-69.

B. Hapke, Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York (1993). xiii + 455pp.

G.R. Harrison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Wave Length Tables, 2 Volumes, Wiley, New York (1982 Reprint of 1939 Edition).

G.R. Harrison, R.C. Lord and J.R. Loofburrow, Practical Spectroscopy, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1948). xiv + 605pp.

C.E. Harvey, Spectrochemical Procedures. Applied Research Laboratories, Glendale, CA (1950). x + 402pp.

T.L. Isenhour and N.J. Rose, Introduction to Quantitative Experimental Chemistry, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA (1971). xiv + 369pp.

H. Jaffe, Atlas of Analysis Lines, Hilger and Watts, London (1962). 13pp.

A.W. Johnston and R.E. Jones, "The 'SOS' Amphora," Annual of the British School at Athens 73 103-141 (1978).

R.E. Jones and and J.B. Rutter, "Resident Minoan Potters on the Greek Mainland? Pottery Composition Analyses from Ayios Stephanos," Archaeometry 19 No. 2 211-219 (1977).

L. Koziorowska, "Determination of the Chemical Composition of Iron Monuments by Spectrometry," Chemical Analysis 22 No. 3 567-570 (1977).

R. Mavrodineanu, Bibliography on Flame Spectroscopy: Analytical Applications 1800-1966, Washington Department of Commerce, National Bureau for Standards, Washington DC (1967). vii + 155.

W.F. Meggers, C.H. Corliss and B.F. Scribner, Tables of Spectral-line Intensities, Parts I and II, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 45, 2nd Edition (1975).

G.L. Moore, Introduction to Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1989). xi + 340pp.

N.H. Nachtrieb, Principles and Practice of Spectrochemical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York (1950). x + 324pp.

R.A. Sawyer, Experimental Spectroscopy, Third Edition, Dover, New York (1963). 358pp.

E.V. Sayre, "Studies of Ancient Ceramic Objects by Means of Neutron Bombardment and Emission Spectroscopy," In Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, Proceedings of the Seminar, 1958, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1959). pp. 153-180.

B.F. Scribner and M. Margoshes, In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Second Edition, I.M. Kolthoff and P.J. Elving, Editors, Interscience, New York (1978).

J. Sherman, "Emission Spectrography," In Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis, Second Edition, Academic Press, New York (1960). Vol. 1, pp. 249-325.

E.F. Trujillo, Model DK-A Ratio Recording Spectrophotometers, Third Edition, Beckman Instruments, Fullerton CA (1963). 147pp.

F. Twyman, Metal Spectroscopy, Griffin, London (1951). vii + 569pp.

P.C. Uden, Editor, Element-Specific Chromatographic Detection by Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1992). x + 350pp.

A. Varma, CRC Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emisssion Spectroscopy, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1990). 380pp.

General Instrumental Analysis References

N.S. Baer and M.J.D. Low, "Advances in Scientific Instrumentation for Conservation: An Overview," In Science and Technology in the Service of Conservation, Preprints of the Ninth International IIC Congress, 1982, Washington, D.C., IIC, London (1982). pp.1-4.

J. Churacek, Editor, Advanced Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, E. Horwood, New York (1993). 486pp.

M. d'Amboise, Analyse instrumentale pour les étudiants de chimie, Librairie de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (1991).

G.W. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1985). xvi + 538pp.

G.W. Ewing, Editor, Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Dekker, New York (1990). xi +1071pp.

J.H. Harley and S.E. Wilberly, Instrumental Analysis, Wiley, New York (1954). 440pp.

C.T. Kenner, Instrumental and Separation Analysis, Merrill, Columbus, OH (1973). xx + 395pp.

F.W. McLafferty, "Trends in Analytical Instrumentation," Science 226 No. 4672 251-253 (1984).

W. Neagle and D.R. Randell, Editors, Surface Analysis Techniques and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1990). vi + 173pp.

D.A. Skoog and J.J. Leary, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Fourth Edition, Saunders College Publicatioins, Fort Worth, TX (1992). xii + 700pp.

H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Wiley, Somerset, NJ (1989). xxiii + 1210pp.

J.B. Wachtman, Characterization of Materials, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA (1993). xvi + 480pp.

C.A. Watson, Editor, Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis, Third Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1994). xxiv + 778pp.

H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, Jr. and J.A. Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Seventh Edition, Wadsworth Pubilcations, Belmont, CA (1988). xxi + 895pp.

Image Processing

G. Accardo and D. Camuffo, "Microclimate Inside the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua," in Conservation Within Historic Buildings, London, International Institute for Conservation (1980). pp. 15-17.

A. Aldrovandi, D. Bertani, M. Cetica, M. Matteini, A. Moles, P. Poggi and P. Tiano, "Multispectral Image Processing of Paintings," Studies in Conservation 33 154-159 (1988).

Anon., "Mona Lisa is Really Da Vinci in Drag," New York Post 18 December 1986.

Anon., "F.B.I. Computer Tracks Purloined Picassos," Art News January 1987, p.54ff.

J.S. Arney. J. Morris and J.R. Gammell, "Image Analysis and the Characterization of the Texture of Paper,” Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 36 No.1 99-103 (1992).

R.B. Arps, W.K. Pratt, Editors, Image Processing and Interchange: Implementation and Systems, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, Bellingham, WA (1992) ix + 350pp.

J.F. Asmus, "Digital Image Processing in Art Conservation," Byte 151-165 (March 1987)

J.F. Asmus and A. Marshack, "Monochromatic Imaging for Mapping," In "Second International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Microanalystical Methods and Environment Evaluation for Study and Conservation of Works of Art. Rome, Istituto Centrale Per Il Restauro-Associazione Italiana Prove Non Distruttive (1988) I/7.1-I/7.10.

E.B. Avril and S.D. Bonadies, "Non-Destructive Analysis of Ancient Chinese Bronzes Utilizing Industrial Computed Tomography," In P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik and G.S. Wheeler, Editors, Materials Isuues in Art and Archaeology, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 185 449-63 (1991).

J. Badekas, Editor, Photogrammetric Surveys of Monuments and Sites. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Photogrammetric Surveys of Monuments and Sites, Amsterdam and Oxford, North-Holland Publishing Company, Inc. (1975).

T. Baer, "Jungle Computer Probes Mayan Ruins," Los Angeles Times (19 November 1990). pt. B, p. 3.

P. Baratono, F. Cardellini, M. Diana, C. Trombetta and G. Venturini, "Termografia e analisi di immagine, ultime applicazioni su strutture architettoniche," In Second International Conference on Non-destructive Testing, Microanalytical Methods and Environment Evaluation for Study and Conservation of Works of Art, Rome, Istituto Centrale Per Il Restauro-Associazione Italana Prve Non Distruttive (1988). pp. I/9.1-I/9.16.

R. Baribeau and J.M. Taylor, "Color and Range Sensing for Hypermedia and Interactivity in Museums," in D. Bearman, Editor, Hypermedia and Interactivity in Museums: Proceedings of an International Conference, October 14-16, Pittsburgh, Archives and Museum Informatics (1991). pp. 266-275.

E. Barisano, Editor, Teledetection et Cartographie Thematique en Archeologie, Paris, CNRS (1988). 214pp.

G. Baxes, Digital Image Processing: Principles and Applications, Wiley, New York (1994). xviii + 452pp.

D. Bayne, "Image Digitization in Furniture Conservation-No Big Problem," American Institute for Conservation Abstracts 68 (1991).

D. Bearman, "Digital Image Rights," Archives and Museum Informatics 5 8-9 (1991).

C. Behrens. "Applications of Satellite Image Processing to the Analysis of Amazonian Cultural Ecology," In Applications of Space-Age Technology in Anthropology, Second Edition, John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA (1991). pp. 9-34.

D. Bertoni, M. Cetica, P. Poggi, G. Puccioni, E. Buzzegoli and D. Kunzelman, "A Scanning Device for Infrared Reflectography," Studies in Conservation 35 No. 3 113-116 (1990).

H. Besser, "Digital Images for Museums," Museum Studies Journal 3 No.1 74-81 (1987).

H. Besser, "Image Processing Integrated into a Database of Photographic Images: Applications in Art, Anthropology, Architecture and Geography," In Electronics Imaging '89 West: Advanced Printing of Paper Summaries, Institute for Graphic Communication,Waltham, MA (1989). pp. 831-836.

H. Besser, "Imaging: Fine Arts," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 42 No.8 589-596 (1991).

R. Boast and Z. Tomlinson, "Computers in the City: Archaeological Information Systems," Antiquity 64 662-666 (1990).

P.E. Borchers, Photogrammetric Recording of Cultural Resources, Washington D.C., National Park Service (1977). xi + 38pp.

C. Brooks, Ground-based Remote Sensing. Technical Paper 7. London: Institute of Field Archaeology (1989).

D. Brown, "Tools of the Trade," In Close Range Photogrammetry and Surveying: State of the Art, American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA (1985). pp. 83-252.

J.A. Burns, "Photogrammetry and the Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, National Park Service," In Close Range Photogrammetry and Surveying: State of the Art, American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA (1985).

A.R. Calmes, "Documenting Changes in the Physical Condition of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights: The Charters Monitoring System," Government Publications Review 15 439-449 (1988).

A.R. Calmes, "Precision and Accuracy of Electronic Images," Journal of Photographic Science 36 96-98 (1988).

A.R. Calmes and E.A Miller, "Registration and Comparison of Electronic Images Obtained at Different Times for Aging Studies of the U.S. Constitution," Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 901 61-64 (1988).

M. Carbonnell, Photogrammetrie Appliquee aux Releves des Monuments et des Centres Historiques, ICCROM, Rome (1989). x + 165pp.

P. Carelli, D. Paoletti and G.S. Spagnolo, "Multiple-Source Holography for Artwork Erosion Measurements," Studies in Conservation 35 64-68 (1990).

G.F. Carter, R.R. Powell and J.S. Wagner, Jr. "Die-links in Numismatic Studies Obtained Via Computer," Proceedings of the 24th International Archaeometry Symposium 201-205 (1986).

O. Casazza and P. Franchi, "Trattamento digitale immagini e conservazione e restauro di opere d'arte," Critica d'arte 50 71-78 (1982).

K.R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1979). xvi + 429pp.

J. Cavanaugh, "Remote Sensing From Space," Electronics and Wireless World 95 655-659 (1989).

Y. Cheng and J. Mishara, "A Computerized Axial Tomographic Study of Museum Objects,” in E.V. Sayre, P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik and C. Stevenson (Editors), Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology, Materials Research Societty Symposium Proceedings 123 19-38 (1988).

D.G. Cole, "Geographic Information Systems at the Smithsonian Institution," Spectra 18 No.1/2 8-9 (1990/91).

F.A. Cooper, M.E. Bauer and B.C. Cullen, "Satelite Spectral Data amd Reconnaissance in Western Greece," In Applications of Space-Age Technology in Anthropology, Second Edition, John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA (1991). pp. 63-79.

B.M. Dawson, "Introduction to Image Processing Algorithms," Byte March 1987, pp. 169-186.

S.O. Day, "Rediscovering Pompeii," PC Computing 4 No.4 126-136 (1991).

G. Deconinck, "Multi-Channel Images: Acquisition and Coding Problems," Masters thesis, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium (1990).

J.L. Dickman, "An Image and Storage System for use in Rock Art Research," Rock Art Research 1 No.1 25-32 (1984).

D. Donague and I. Shennan, "The Application of Remote Sensing to Environmental Archaeology," Geoarchaeology 3 275-285 (1988).

P.G. Dorrell, Photography in Archaeology and Conservation, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, (1994). xvii + 266pp.

L.R. Doyle, J.L. Lorre and E.B. Doyle, "The Application of Computer Image Processing Techniques to Artifact Analysis as Applied to the Shroud of Turin Study," Studies in Conservation 31 1-6 (1986).

S.A. Drury, A Guide to Remote Sensing: Interpreting Images of the Earth, Oxford, Oxford University Press (1990). viii + 199pp.

J.R. Druzik, Survey of NASA-JPL Technologies Suitable to Problems in Art Conservation, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Internal Report).

J.R. Druzik, D.L. Glackin, D.L. Lynn and R. Quiros, "Applications of Computer Based Image Processing Useful in Conservation," American Institution for Conservation Preprints 71-72 (1982).

K.S. Dueholm and C.L. Pillmore, "Computer-assisted Geologic Photogrammetry," Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55 No.8 1191-1196 (1989).

M. El-Homossani and U.M. Franklin, "The Application of Quantitative Structural Image Analysis in the Study of Archaeological Textiles," Proceedings of the 26th International Archaeometry Symposium 94-100 (1988).

A. Esposito and S. Vitolo, "Techniche di'image processing in archeologia e restauro architettonico: applicazioni su sezioni sottili petrografiche," Il Catere della Conoscenza: il Cantiere del Restauro, Liberia Progetto Editore, Padua (1989). pp. 347-358.

M. Ester, "Image Quality and Viewer Perception," Visual Resources 7 327-352 (1991).

G.V. Foster, "Assessment of Microinclusions in Ceramic Ware by Pattern Recognition Analysis of Microxeroradiographs,” Proceedings of the 24th International Archaeometry Symposium 207-216 (1986).

H. Ganiaris, "Examination and Treatment of a Wooden Writing Tablet from London," The Conservator 14 3-9 (1990).

L. Gillen, "Applications of Photogrammetry for Archeology and Historical Architecture," In Close Range Photogrammetry and Surveying: State of the Art, American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA (1985). pp. 405-413.

GIS World, "Ancient Pompeii Culture Revealed by GIS," GIS World 26-31 (1990).

D.L. Glacken and E.P. Korsmo, Application of Image Processing Technology to Problems in Manuscript Encapsulation: Final Report. Pasadena, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1983). Unpublished manuscript.

R. Grace, I.D.G. Graham and M.H. Newcomer, "The Quantification of Microwear Polished," World Archaeology 17 112-120 (1985).

A. Hamber, "Conventional Photography vs. Analogue and Digital Electronic Imaging," in A. Hambers, J. Miles and W. Vaughan, Editors, Computers and the History of Art, Mansell Publishing Limited, London(1989). pp. 23-49.

A. Hamber, "The VASARI Project," Computers and the History of Art 1 No.2 3-20 (1991).

W.S. Hanson and P.A. Rahtz, "Video Recording on Excavations," Antiquity 62 106-111 (1988).

D.B. Jones and C.B. Kennedy, "Using Video Cameras in Restoration," Architecture 78 No.7 97-100 (July 1989).

U. Kampfmeyer, "ARCOS: A Video-Computer System for Archaeological Documentation," in A. Voorrips and S.H. Loving, Editors, To Pattern the Past: Proceedings of the Symposium on Mathematical Methods in Archaeology, Strasbourg, Council of Europe (1984). pp. 51-62.

R.J. Kapsch, "HAPS/HAER: A User's Guide," APT Bulletin 22 21-34 (1990).

C.B. Kennedy, "Videographic Documentation, Analysis and Manipulation: A New Tool for Cultural Resource Management," APT Bulletin 22 No.1/2 97-103 (1990).

R. Kirsch, "Making Art Historical Sources Visible to Computers: Pictures as Primary Sources for Computer Based Art History Data," in L. Corti, Editor, Second International Conference on Automatic Processing of Art History Data and Documents: Papers 2, Florence, Regione toscana (1984). pp. 274-290.

K.L. Kvamme, "Geographic Information Systems in Regional Archaeological Research and Data Management," in M.B. Schiffer (Editor) Archeological Method and Theory, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press (1989). pp. 139-204.

C. Lahanier, F. Heitz, C. De Couessin and G. Querre, "Digitization of Works of Art: Study and Conservation of Scientific Images," In Analysis and Examination of an Art Object by Imaging Technology, International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Tokyo, (1991). pp. 1-34.

E. Lange, "The Application of Image Processing in the Fields of Conservation, Restoration and Archaeology," Undergraduate dissertation, University of Wales College of Cardiff (1991).

E. Lange and D. Watkinson, "Image Processing and Its Application to X-Radiography," Conservation News 47 37-39 (1992).

D.E. Lieberman, T.R. Deacon and R.H. Meadow, "Computer Image Enhancement and Analysis of "cementum,” increments as Applied to Teeth of Gazella Gazella," Journal of Archaeological Science 17 No. 5 519-534 (1990).

L. Likforman-Sulem, H. Maître and C. Sirat, "An Expert Vision System for Analysis of Hebrew Characters and Authentication of Manuscripts," Pattern Recognition 24 No.2 121-137 (1990).

H. Maître, "Le Traitement Numérique des Images au Service des Oeuvres d'Art," Culture er Recherche 28 4-12 (September 1990). C. McManis, "Low-Cost Image Processing," Byte, March 1987, pp. 191-195.

E.A. Miller, Systems Analysis and Performance of the NARA Charters Monitoring System, Pasadena, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1989). Unpublished manuscript.

S. Miura and Y. Ohashi, "Image Processing of X-Ray Photographs by One-Dimensional Analog Spatial Differential Treatment," Analysis and Examination of an Art Object by Imaging Technique, International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Tokyo (1991). pp. 101-106.

J.G. Moik, "Digital Processing of Remotely Sensed Images," NASA Publication SP-431, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. (1980).

G.E.B. Morren, "New Technology and Regional Studies in Human Ecology: A Papua New Guinea Example," Applications of Space-Age Technology in Anthropology, Second Edition, John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA (1991). pp. 137-165.

J.F. Mowry, "A Stand-alone Imaging System to Assist in Leafcasting Developed at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C." Resaurator 12 110-115 (1991).

NARCISSE Project, Forum on Museums Information Systems, Luxembourg, Council of Europe (1990). Technical Report.

M. Newcomer, R. Grace and R. Unger-Hamilton, "Investigating Microwear Polishes with Blind Tests," Journal of Archaeological Science 13 203-217 (1986).

A.B. Newman, "Present at the Revolution," Museum News 53-56 (January/February 1992).

A.B. Newman, D.C. Stammand C.L. Sundt, Editors, Special Issue on Electronic Imaging in the Museum, Published as Visual Resources: An International Journal of Documentation, Vol. VII, No. 4, 1991, Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago (1992). x + [2] + 291-451 + [4]pp. of Plates.

W.M. Newman and R.F. Sproull, Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979). xvi + 541pp.

K. Novak, "Recording Historic Environments with Still Video Cameras," APT Bulletin 22 No.1/2 149-155 (1990).

R.B. Owen and P.D. Sheets, "The Potential of Holography and Optical Contouring for Archaeometry," Archaeometry 31 No.1 13-25 (1989).

Panel on Spatial Statistics and Image Processing, Spatial Statistics and Digital Image Analysis, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. (1991) ix + 234pp.

F. Plog and D.L. Carlson, "Computer Applications for the All American Pipeline Project," Antiquity 63 258-267 (1989).

W.K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, Second Edition J. Wiley and Sons, New York (1991). xiv + 698pp.

I. Pring, Editor, ITEM: Image Technology in European Museums and Art Galleries Database, Semi-annual Periodical. International Visual Arts Information Network, Ipswich. First Issue: January (1991).

D. Rees, G.G. Wilkinson, R. Grace and C.R. Orton, "An Investigation of the Fractal Properties of Flint Microwear Images," Journal of Archaeological Science 18 629-640 (1991).

M.R. Rip, "Colour Space Transformations for the Enhancement of Rock Art Images by Computer," Rock Art Research 6 No.1 12-16 (1989).

A. Rosenfeld and A.C. Kak, Digital Picture Processing, Second Edition, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida (1982). 2 vols.

J.C. Russ, The Image Processing Handbook, Third Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1999). 771pp.

J.P. Saint-Aubie, "The Image of Built Architecture," APT Bulletin 22 No. 1/2 44-54 (1990).

D. Saunders, "Colour Change Measurement by Digital Image Processing," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 10 66-77 (1988).

D. Saunders, "Investigation of Color Change with Digital Imaging," in A. Hamber, J. Miles and W. Vaughan, Editors, Computers and the Histtory of Art, London, Mansell Publishing Limited (1989). pp. 99-166.

D. Saunders, "Detecting and Measuring Colour Changes in Paintings at the National Gallery," In P. Booth, N. Kalinsky, L. Carlyle, A. Southwall, M. Davies, V. Todd, C. Sitwell and J. Townsend (Editors), Appearance, Opinion, Change: Evaluating the Look of Paintings, United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, London (1990). pp. 68-71.

F.H. Séguin, "High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Digital Radiography of Archaeological and Art-Historical Objects," In P.b. Vandiver, J. Druzik and G.S. Wheeler, Editors, Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 185 (1991). pp. 65-72.

T.L. Sever, "Remote Sensing," In Benchmarks in Time and Culture: An Introduction to Palestinian Archaeology, J.F. Drinkard Jr., G.L. Mattingly, and J.M. Miller, Editors, Scholars Press, Atlanta (1988). pp. 279-305.

K. Sheldon, "Prescript," Byte March (1987). pp. 197ff.

K. Sheldon, "Probing Space by Camera," Byte March (1987). pp. 143-148.

B. Snyder, "Digital Imaging Technology in the Documentation and Analysis of Cultural Materials," (The Getty Conservation Institute, Documentation Program, February 1992 Draft).

J. Sobus, B. Pourdeyhimi, B. Xu and Y. Ulcay, "Evaluating Loss of Texture Definition in Carpets Using Mathematical Morphology,” Covariance," Textile Research Journal 62 No.1 26-39 (1992).

D. Stevens, W.M. McKay and D. Fowler, "The Combined Use of Photogrammetry and CAD in the Reconstruction of Fire Damaged Buildings," in E. Baltsavias, Editor, SPIE Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision, Bellingham, WA, SPIE (1990). pp. 77-84.

D.R. Sumner, B. Mockbee, K. Morse, T. Cram and M. Pitt, "Computed Tomography and Automated Image Analysis of Prehistoric Femora," American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68 No.2 228-232 (1985).

J.M. Taylor, I.N.M. Wainwright, F.R. Livingstone, M. Rious and P. Boulanger, "Applications of a Laser Scanner to the Recording and Replication of Museum Objects," ICOM Committee for Conservation: 8th Triennial Meeting 1 93-97 (1987).

R. Tinney, "AT&T's Truevision Image Processing System," Byte March 1987, pp. 215-217.

P. Vandiver, W.A. Ellingson, T.K. Raobinson, J.L. Lobick and F.H. Séguin, "New Applications of X-Radiographic Imaging Technologies for Archaeological Cermaics," Archeomaterials 5 No.2 185-207 (Summer 1991).

M.W. Vannier, G.C. Conroy, J.L. Marsh and R.H. Knapp, "Three-D Cranial Surface Reconstruction Using High Resolution CT," American Journal of Physical Anthropology 67 299-311 (1985).

L. Van Zelst, W.N. Martin, C.F. Huber, V. Canouts and R.L. Bishop, "Interactive Design Analysis: System Overview," In Analysis and Examination of an Art Object by Imaging Technique, International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Tokyo (1991). pp. 165-186.

I. Wainwright, "Rock Painting and Petroglyph Recording Projects in Canada," APT Bulletin 22 No. 1/2 55-84 (1990).

I. Wainwright and J. Taylor, "NRC's Laser Scanner for Recording and Replication," CCI Newsletter 6 6-9 (1990).

J.N. Wilford, "Space-Age Keys for Archeology," International Herald Tribune (25 November 1993).

J. Wind, "Computerized X-ray Tomography of Fossil Hominid Skulls," American Journal of Physical Anthropology 63 No.3 265-282 (1984).

F. Zezza, "Computerized Analysis of Stone Decay in Monuments," in F. Zezza, Editor, La Conservazione dei Monumenti nel Bacino del Mediterraneo: atti del 1 Simposio Internazionale (1990). pp. 163-184.

Image Processing: Paintings

M.W. Ainsworth, J. Brealey, E. Haverkamp-Begemann and P. Meyers, "Paintings by Van Dyck, Vermeer and Rembrandt Reconsidered through Autoradiography," In Art and Autoradiography, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (1982). pp. 9-100.

S. Amadesi, A. d'Altorio and D. Paoletti, "Sandwich Holography for Painting Diagnostics," Applied Optics 21 1189-1190 (1982).A. Aldrovandi, D. Bertani, M. Cetica, M. Matteini, A. Moles, P. Poggi, and P. Tiano, "Multispectral Image Processing of Paintings," Studies in Conservation 33 No.3 154-159 August (1988).

A. Aldrovandi, M. Matteini, and A. Moles, "Elaborazione di Immagini di Dipinti Acquisite nel Visibile e nell'Infrarosso," OPD Restauro: Rivista dell'Opificio delle Pietre dure e Laboratorio di Restauro di Firenze 3 156-159, 207-208 (1991).

Anon. "Futuristic Images of the Past," DuPont Magazine 83 18-21 (September/October 1989).

F. Argenti, M. Barni, V. Cappellini, and A. Mecocci, "New Techniques of Colour Image Restoration for Works of Art," In 3a Conferenza Internazionale sulle Prove non Distruttive, Metodi Microanalitici e Indagini Ambientali per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Opere d'Arte: Viterbo 4-9 Ottobre 1992, M. Marabelliand P. Santopadre, Editors, Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Brescia, Italy (1992). pp. 93-104.

J.F. Asmus, R. Bernstein, J.V. Dave and H.J. Myers, "Computer Enhancement of the Mona Lisa," Perspectives in Computing 7 No.1 11-22 (1987).

J.F. Asmus, "Computer Studies of the Isleworth and Louvre Mona Lisas," Optical Engineering 28 No.7 800-804 (1989).

J.F. Asmus and S. Pomeroy, "Ultrasonic Mapping of Detachments in Mural Paintings by Vasari," Bulletin of the American Group - The International Institute for ConservationDigitising , June 1978, p. 12.

J.F. Barbier, J.P. Fauchille, and G. Renard, Enlarging Images for Painting, French 1,497,588,

P.M. Boone and V.B. Markov, "Examination of Museum Objects by Means of Video Holography," Studies in Conservation 40 No.2 103-109 (1995).

P. Bryan, "Wall Paintings Go Digital," Conservation Bulletin: English Heritage No.30 3-5 (1996).

A. Burmester and W. Wei, "All Good Paintings Crack: Nondestructive Analysis of Transport Damage of Paintings using Digital Image Processing," Fourth International Conference: Non-Destructive Testing of Works of Art, Berlin, 3-8 October 1994, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V., Berlin (1994). pp.114-126

A. Burmester, J. Cupitt, H. Derrien, N. Dessipris, A. Hamber, K. Martinez, M. Müller, and D. Saunders, "The Examination of Paintings by Digital Image Analysis," In 3a Conferenza Internazionale sulle Prove non Distruttive, Metodi Microanalitici e Indagini Ambientali per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Opere d'Arte: Viterbo 4-9 Ottobre 1992, M. Marabelliand P. Santopadre, Editors, Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Brescia, Italy (1992). pp. 199-214.

A. Burmester and M. Müller, "The Registration of Transportation Damage using Digital Image Processing," Zeitschrift für Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung 6 No.2 335-345 (1992).

A. Burmester and F. Bayerer, "Towards Improved Infrared Reflectograms," Studies in Conservation 38 No.3 145-154 August (1993).

A. Burnester, M. Müller, and F. Schwemer, "Locating Transportation Damages by Digital Imaging: Two Case Studies," In ICOM Committee for Conservation Tenth Triennial Meeting, Washington, DC, 22-27 August 1993: Preprints, J. Bridgland, Editor, International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation, Paris (1993). pp.401-405.

G. Buzzanca, G. Palumbo, L. Rainer, and M.H. Bishop, "America Tropical: un Murale di David Alfaro Siqueiros a Los Angeles. La Registrazione Digitale del Condition Report," Bollettino dell'Istituto Centrale per il Restauro No.1 14-27 (2000).

O. Casazza and P. Franchi, "Trattamento Digitale delle Immagini e Conservazione e Restauro di Opere d'Arte," Critica d'Arte 50 No.4 71-78 January (1985).

O. Casazza and P. Franchi, "Digital Image Processing Techniques for Preservation and Restoration of Artworks," In Scientific Methodologies Applied to Works of Art. Proceedings of the Symposium, Florence, Italy 2-5 May 1984, P.L. Parrini, Editor, Montedison Progetto Cultura, Milan (1986). pp.116-118 237.

M. Cherlin, "Mona Lisa in the Nude," Datamation 32-34 (1982).

Y. Chryssoulakis, The Application of Physiochemical Methods of Analysis and Image Processing Techniques to Painted Works of Art, Athens, Graphikes Technes A. Gnone (1989). 162pp.

J. Coddington, "The Use of Infra-red Vidicon and Image Digitizing Software in Examining 20th-Century Works of Art," In AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints 1991: Papers Presented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the AIC, Painting Specialty Group, American Institute for Conservation, Washington, D.C. (1991). pp.5-9.

J. Coddington and S. Siano, "Infrared Imaging of Twentieth-Century Works of Art," Tradition and Innovation: Advances in Conservation. Contributions to the IIC Melbourne Congress, 10-14 October 2000, IIC, London (2000). pp.39-44.

C. de Couessin, "Reflectographie Infrarouge et Traitement de l'Image," In Les Methodes Scientifiques dans l'Etude et la Conservation des Oeuvres d'Art, J. Hours, Editor, La Documentation Francaise, Paris (1984). pp.41-49.

S. Delbourgo, "Note Technique sur le Principe et les Applications d'Une Tireuse Photographique à Tube Cathodique," Bulletin du Laboratoire du Musée du Louvre No.3 64-68 June (1958).

J.L. Dickman, "An Image Digitising and Storage System for Use in Rock Art Research," Rock Art Research 1 No.1 25-35 May (1984).

J.R. Druzik, D.L. Glackin, D.L. Lynn, and R. Quiros, "The Use of Digital Image Processing to Clarify the Radiography of Underpainting," Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 22 No.1 49-56 (1982).

J.R. Druzik, D.L. Glackin, D.L. Lynn, and R. Quiros, "Applications of Computer Based Image Processing Useful in Conservation," Preprints of Papers Presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 20-30 May, 1982, AIC, Washington (1982). pp.71-72.

C. Fotakis, V. Zafiropulos, D. Anglos, S. Georgiou, N. Maravelaki, A. Fostiridou, and M. Doulgeridis, "Lasers in Art Conservation," The Interface Between Science and Conservation, S. Bradley,

Editor, British Museum Occasional Paper, British Museum, London, United Kingdom (1997). pp.83-90.

A.J. Hamber, "Electronic Digital Imaging Systems and Art History: Advantages and Desirability," In Colour Imaging Systems, M.R. Pointer, Editor, Royal Photographic Society. Science Committee, Bath (1988). pp.188-190.

A. Hamber and D.R. Saunders, "From Pigments to Pixels: Measurement and Display of the Colour Gamut of Paintings," Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 1250 90-99 (1990).

F. Heitz, H. Maître and C. De Couessin, "Application of Autoregressive Models to Fine Arts Painting Analysis," Signal Processing 13 1-14 (1987).

F. Heitz, H. Maître and C. De Couessin, "Event Detection in Multisource Imaging: Application to Fine Arts Painting Analysis," IEEE Transaction on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing 38 No.4 695-704 (1990).

A.E. James Jr; S.J. Gibbs, J. Diggs, T. Brumbaugh, M. Sloan, K. Grogan, R.R. Price, and J.J. Erickson, "The Use of Digital Radiographic Techniques in the Analysis of Works of Art with an Emphasis upon Painting," In Digital Radiography A Focus on Clinical Utility, Groune & Stratton. Inc., New York (1982). pp. 335-343.

A.E. James Jr; S.J. Gibbs, M. Sloan, R.R. Price, and J.J. Erickson, "Digital Radiography in the Analysis of Paintings: a New and Promising Technique," Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 22 No.1 41-48 (1982).

L. Loose, "Infra-Rouge en Couleurs et Positifs en Couleurs à Partir de Sélections Trichromes," In Bulletin de l'Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique 14 13-33 (1973).

E.E.A. Lovitt, "Application of Digital Image Processing to Problems in Art," In IIC Ninth International Congress on Science and Technology in the Service of Conservation. Washington, DC, 3-9 September 1982. Abstracts of Poster Sessions, IIC, Washington, DC (1982). p.1.

L. Macdonald, "Europe's Growing Support for Imaging in Art," Advanced Imaging 5 No. 7 24, 26-27 September (1990).

H. Maître, "Image Numérique, Traitement Numérique des Images et Oeuvres d'Art," Techne No.2 191-196 (1995).

D.C. McGill, "Is the Mona Lisa Laughing at Us?" New York Times 27 December 1986.

S. Miura, "Discrimination of Azurite and Malachite by Means of Infra-red Image Processing," Scientific Papers on Japanese Antiques and Art Crafts 33 63-67 (1988).

A. Murray, "Air-Coupled Ultrasound Used to Detect Flaws in Paintings on Wooden Panels," Thesis (Ph.D.), Johns Hopkins University (1993). xiii + 163pp.

J. Padfield, D. Saunders, J. Cupitt, and R. Atkinson, "Improvements in the Acquisition and Processing of X-ray Images of Paintings," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 23 (2002) Pp.62-75 J. Phillips and Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.), Corporate Author, Internet Accessibility and Museum Collection Databases that Contain Digital Images of Paintings, Treatment Records, and Technical Information, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (2001). vi + 47 pp.

M.R. Rip, "Digital Recording and Image Processing of Rock Art by Computer," South African Archaeological Bulletin 38 No.138 77-79 (1983).

P. Roig Picazo, "Digital Imaging for the Restoration of the Wall Paintings in the Church of Los Santos Juanes in Valencia, Spain," Kermes: Art, Conservation, Restoration 12 No.34 18-28 (1999).

H. Runte, "Scanner zur Untersuchung von Gemälden. Was Leistet das Verfahren, welche Ausrustung ist Nötig und wie Tastet man ab?" Restauro 101 No.4 266-267 (1995).

D. Saunders, "Colour Change Measurement by Digital Image Processing," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 12 66-77 (1988).

D. Saunders, A. Burmester, J. Cupitt, and L. Raffelt, "Recent Applications of Digital Imaging in Painting Conservation: Transportation, Colour Change and Infrared Reflectographic Studies," In Tradition and Innovation: Advances in Conservation. Contributions to the IIC Melbourne Congress, 10-14 October 2000, IIC, London (2000). pp.170-176.

D. Saunders and J. Cupitt, "Elucidating Reflectograms by Superimposing Infra-Red and Colour Images," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 16 61-65 (1995).

E.V. Sayre and H. Lechtman, "Neutron Activation Autoradiography of Oil Paintings," Studies in Conservation 13 161-185 (1968).

L. Schwartz, "Leonardo's Mona Lisa," Art and Antiques 50-54 (January 1987).

S. Scuti, G. Sangiovanni, G.E. Gigante, and S. Rinaldi, "Sistema mobile multifunzionale per analisi ND e per imaging digitale di opere d'arte," In 3a Conferenza Internazionale sulle Prove non Distruttive, Metodi Microanalitici e Indagini Ambientali per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Opere d'Arte: Viterbo 4-9 Ottobre 1992, M. Marabelliand P. Santopadre, Editors, Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Brescia, Italy (1992). pp.471-488

F.H. Séguin, "High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Digital Radiography of Archaeological and Art-Historical Objects," Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II: Symposium held April 17-21, 1990, San Francisco, California, USA, P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik, and G.S. Wheeler, Editors, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1991). pp.65-72

P. Spezzani, "Titian's Technique: Non-Destructive Analysis," in Titian, Marsilio, Venice (1990). pp. 377-378.

M. Staschull and A. Grindel, "Computerunterstütze Dokumentation: das Beispiel der Raumschale des Kaisersaals der Residenz Wüzburg," Restauro: Zeitschrift für Kunsttechniken, Restaurierung und Museumsfragen 106 No.5 332-335 (2000).

G. Thomson and S. Staniforth, "Identification and Measurement of Change in Appearance by Image Processing," In Science and Technology in the Service of Conservation. Preprints of the Contributions to the Washington Congress, 3-9 September 1982, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London (1982). pp.159-161.

J.R.J. Van Asperen de Boer, Infrared Reflectography: A Contribution to the Examination of Earlier European Paintings. Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam (1970). 91pp.

J.R.J. Van Asperen De Boer, "Examination by Infrared Radiation," PACT;Journal of the European Study Group on Physical, Chemical, and Mathematical Techniques Applied to Archaeology 13 109-130 (1986).

G. Wecksung, R. Evans, J. Walker, M. Ainsworth, J. Brealey and G.W. Carriveau, "Assembly of Infra-Red Reflectograms by Digital Processing Using a Portable Data Collecting System," ICOM Committee for Conservation: 8th Triennial Meeting 1 107-109 (1987).

G. Wecksung, R. Evans, J. Walker, M. Ainsworth, J. Brealey, and G. Carriveau, "Infrared Reflectogram Assembly by Digital Image Processing," Preprints of Papers Presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May 20-24, 1987, AIC, Washington, D.C. (1987). pp.163-167.

J. Winter, C.A. Maines, and J.H. Dickerson II, "Applications of Image Processing and Analysis in Research on Works of Art," In Imaging the Past: Electronic Imaging and Computer Graphics in Museums and Archaeology, T. Higgins, P. Main, and J. Lang, Editors, Occasional Papers (British Museum) no. 114, British Museum, London, United Kingdom (1996). pp.35-48.

Infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM, Alphabetical List of Compound Names, Formulae and References to Published Infrared Spectra, ASTM, Philadelphia (1969). 608pp.

R.J. Audette and R.F.E. Percy, "A Novel Pyrolysis Technique for Micropaint Analysis," Journal of Forensic Science 23 No. 4 672-678 (1978).

M. Avram and Gh.D. Mateescu, Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications in Organic Chemistry, translated by L. Birladeanu, Wiley-Interscience (1972). 527pp.

A.J. Barnes, "A Novel Application of FMIR-Identification of Stamp Adhesives," Instrumental News 21 No. 1 1-3 (1970).

R.P. Bauman, Absorption Spectroscopy, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1962). 611pp.

C. Beck, E. Wilbur, S. Meret, D. Kossove, and K. Kermani, "The Infrared Spectra of Amber and the Identification of Baltic Amber," Archaeometry 8 96-109 (1965).

A.O. Beckman, W.S. Gallaway, W. Kaye and W.F. Ulrich, "History of Spectrophotometry at Beckman Instruments, Inc.," Analytical Chemistry 49 A280ff (1977). (reprint)

L.J. Bellamy, The Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules, Wiley, New York (1954). 323pp.

S. Bruni, F. Cariati, F. Casadio, and L. Toniolo, "Spectrochemical Characterization by Micro-FTIR Spectroscopy of Blue Pigments in Different Polychrome Works of Art,” Vibrational Spectroscopy 20 No.1 15-25 August (1999).

D.A. Burns and E.W. Ciorszak, Editors, Handbook of Near-Infared Analysis, Marcel-Dekker, New York (1993). 704pp.

D.J. Carlsson, F.R.S. Clark and D.M. Wiles, "Infrared Spectra of Monofilaments," Textile Research Journal 46 No.5 318-321 (1976).

M. Castillejo, M. Martin, M. Oujja, D. Silva, R. Torres, A. Manousaki, V. Zafiropulos, O.F. van den Brink, R.M.A. Heeren, R. Teule, A. Silva, H. Gouveia, "Analytical Study of the Chemical and Physical Changes Induced by KrF Laser Cleaning of Tempera Paints," Analytical Chemistry 74 4662-4671 (2002).

R. Cook and M.D. Paterson, "New Techniques for Identification of Microscopic Samples of Textile Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy," Forensic Science 12 No. 3 237-243 (1978).

S.B. Crecelius, R.E. Kagrise and A.L. Alexander, “Drying Oil Oxidation and Mechanism, Film Formation and Degradation,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 47 1643-1649 (1955).

R. Fox and B.S. Schuetzman, "The Infrared Identification of Microscopic Samples of Man-made Fibers," Journal of Forensic Sciences 13 No. 3 397-406 (1968).

P. Frediani and U. Matteoli, "A Methodological Approach to the Study of the Deterioration of the Statues in the Boboli's Garden (Pitti Palace, Florence). 3. Rapid Deterioration of Gypsum on Marble by Infrared Spectroscopy," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/1/1/1-10.

K.L. Freeman, "Techniques Used in the Analysis of Polymers," ICCM Bulletin 5 No. 2 12-27 (1979).

P. Gans, Vibrating Molecules: an Introduction to the Interpretation of Infrared and Raman Spectra, Chapman and Hall, London (1971). 236pp.

A. Grigoriu and G.E. Grigoriu, "Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in the Textile Industry," Industria Usoara: Textile, Tricotaje, Confectii Textile 29 No. 6 (1978). pp. 228-232.

D. Hadzi and B. Orel, "Spectrometric Studies of the Origin of Amber and Pitches from Prehistoric Sites in Slovenia," Vestnik Slov Kem Drus 25 No. 1 51-62 (1978). In Slovak.

R.W. Hannah, "Infrared Spectra of Latex Emulsions by Computer Subtraction," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 56 (1977). 6pp.

R.W. Hannah and J.S. Swihart, Experiments in Techniques of Infrared Spectroscopy, Perkins-Elmer Corporation, Connecticut (1969). Part No. 990-9400.

R.W. Hannah, "Applications of Specular Reflectance in the Infrared Region," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 60 (1977). 8pp.

M. Heslip, "Conservation Notes on Cotopaxi," Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 56 No. 3 196-198 (1978).

D.O. Hummel, Atlas de Kunststoffe-Analyse, Band I, Hochpolymere und Harze, Teil 2: Spektren, Tabellen, Register, Carl Hanser, Munich (1968). 615pp.

D.O. Hummel, Polymer Spectroscopy, Verlag-Chemie (1974). xii + 401pp.

S. Keck and R.L. Feller, "Detection of an Epoxy-Resin Coating on a Seventeenth-Century Painting," Studies in Conservation 9 No.1 1-8 (1964).

T. Kenjo, "Studies on the Analysis of Laquer, II. Infra-red Spectrometry of Lacquer Films," Scientific Papers on Japanese Antiques and Art Crafts No. 23 32-39 (1978). In Japanese.

N. Koji, Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy, San Francisco, Holden-Day (1962). 233pp.

M. Koller and F. Mairinger, "Bemerkungen zur Infrarotuntersuchung von Malereien, " Maltechnik/Restauro 83 No.1 25-32 (1977).

H. Kühn, "Detection and Identification of Waxes, Including Punic Wax, by Infrared Spectography," Studies in Conservation 5 No. 2 71-79 (1960).

M.E. Laver and R.S. Williams, "The Use of a Diamond Cell Microsampling Device for Infrared Spectophotometric Analysis of Art and Archaeological Materials," Journal of the International Insititute for Conservation - Canadian Group 3 No. 2 16-20 (1978).

J. Lemaire, D. Fromageot, and N. Pichon, "Analyse in situ par Microspectrophotométrie IRTF de Composés Organiques de Consolidation des Pierres des Cathédrales de Tours et de Meissen,” In Conservation commune d'un patrimoine commun: 2ème colloque du programme franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques, Bonn, 12.-13.12.1996, Programme Franco-Allemand de Recherche pour la Conservation des Monuments Historiques, Champs-sur-Marne (1997). pp.365-371.

S.Z. Lewin, "Trends in Laboratory Instrumentation for Analysis," Analytical Chemistry 30 No.6 19A-23A, No.7 17A-19A (1958). (reprint).

R. Lord, "Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to Art Problems," In Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, Prceeedings of the Seminar, 1965, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (1963). pp. 2-22.

M.J.D. Low, "Measurements of the Infrared Spectral Reflection of Some Common Minerals and Rocks using Multiple-Scan Interferometry," Applied Optics 6 No. 9 1503-1506 (1967).

M.J.D. Low, "Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 41 No. 6 97A (1969).

M.J.D. Low and N.S. Baer, "Application of Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to Problems in Conservation, I. General Principles," Studies in Conservation 22 No.3 116-128 (1977).

M.J.D. Low and N.S. Baer, "Dammar and Mastic Infrared Analysis," ICOM Commitee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/16/5/1-6.

M.J.D. Low, A.J. Goodsel and N. Takezawa, "Reactions of Gaseous Pollutants with Solids, I. Infrared Study of Sorption of SO2 on CaO," Environmental Science and Technology 5 No. 12 1191-1195 (1971).

R.S. McDonald, "Infrared Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 50 No. 5 282R-299R (1978).

R. Messerschmidt and M.A. Harthcock, Editors, Infared Microspectroscopy: Theory and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York (1988). 312pp.

F.A. Miller, "Historical Note on the Origins of Several Useful Infrared Techniques," Applied Spectroscopy 46 No.7 1096-1097 (1992).

R.G.J. Miller, Editor, Laboratory Methods in Infrared Spectroscopy, Second Edition, Heyden and Son, London (1974). xxi + 375pp.

F.M. Mirabella, Jr., Editor, Internal Reflection Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications, Marcel Denker, New York (1992). 384pp.

N.M. Morris, E.R. McCall and V.W. Tripp, "Identifying Finishes by Infrared Spectroscopy: Fluorochemicals and Flame Retardants," Textile Chemist and Colorist 4 No. 12 39-42 (1972).

G.A. Newman and G.W.W. Stevens, "Identification of an Early Microphotographic Emulsion by Means of Infrared Spectroscopy," Laboratory Practice 26 No. 10 781-782 (1977).

W. Noble, B.B. Wheals and M.J. Whitehouse, "Characterization of Adhesives by Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy," Forensic Science 3 163-174 (1974).

J.S. Olin, "The Use of Infrared Spectrophotometry in the Examination of Paintings and Ancient Artifacts, " Instrument News 17 No.2 1, 4-5 (1966).

J.S. Olin, M.E. Salmon and C.H. Olin, "Investigations of Historical Objects Utilizing Spectroscopy and Other Optical Methods, " Applied Optics 8 No. 1 29-39 (1969).

S.C. Pattacini, "Multiple Internal Reflection (MIR) used to Identify Adhesive Formulations," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 47 (1974). 8pp.

S.C. Pattacini, "The Identification of Cured Rubber Compounds Using Infrared Spectroscopy," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 52 (1975). 6pp.

W.D. Perkins, "An Infrared Bibliography," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 42 (1974). 13pp.

S.E. Polchlopek and R.L. Harris, Attenuated Total Reflectance Applications to Surface Coatings, Barnes Engineering Co., Stamford, CT.

W.J. Potts, Chemical Infrared Spectroscopy, Volume I: Techniques, John Wiley, New York (1963).

C.J. Pouchert, The Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Second Edition, Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, WI (1975). xxiii + 1576pp.

I. Reindell and J. Riederer, “Infrarotspektral-analytische Untersuchungen von Farberden aus persischen Ausgraben," Berliner Beitrage zur Archaeometrie No. 3 123-134 (1978).

E.R. Rissman and R.L. Larkin, "An Infrared Method for Rapid Analysis of the Sulfate Content of Reacted Lime and Limestone Materials, " Analytical Chemistry 42 No.13 1628-1632 (1970).

T. Sadtler and P. Sadtler, "Improved KBr Techniques," Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (1965). 17pp.

R. Salzer, R. Lunkwitz, T. Braun, and M. Mühle, "Baustoffanalyse mit Infrarotspektroskopie,” Internationale Zeitschrift für Bauinstandsetzen [International Journal for Restoration of Buildings and Monuments] 4 No.3 209-232 (1998).

R.H. Shaps and A. Varano, "A GC/IR as an Accessory for an IR Spectrometer," American Laboratory 77-81 November (1975).

R.A. Shick, J.L. Koenig and I. Ishida, "Depth Profiling of Stratified Layers Using Variable-Angle ATR," Applied Spectroscopy 50 No. 8 1082-1088 (1996.)

B. Siesmayer, A. Gieberlhausen, J. Zambeli and J. Riederer, "Beitrag zur Anwendung der Infrarotspectroscopie für Untersuchungen von Farbenden Kulturhistorischer Objecte im Vergleich mit rezenten europäischen Lagerstätten," Zeitschrift für Analitische Chemie 277 193-196 (1975).

R.M. Silverstein and G.C. Bassler, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1967). 256pp.

D.A. Skoog and D.M. West, "Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy,” In Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Fourth Edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1971). Chapter 6.

K.W. Smalldon, "The Identification of Acrylic Fibers by Polymer Composition as Determined by Infrared Spectroscopy and Physical Characteristics," Journal of Forensic Sciences 18 No. 1 69-81 (1973).

J.P. Smith and V. Hinson, "The Endearing FTIR Spectrophotometer," Analytical Chemistry 37A-39A (2003).

J. Šrámek, "The Non-destructive Investigation of the Chemical Alterations in the Surface of Stone," Proceedings of the International Symposium UNESCO-RILEM, Paris I, No. 28 June (1978). pp.1-14.

J.D. Stephens and W.M. Tuddenham, "Infrared Analysis of Minerals," American Laboratory 8-13 (November 1971).

A. Streitwieser, Jr. and C.H. Heathcock, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition, MacMillan, New York (1992) See Chapter 14: "Infrared Spectroscopy."

H.A. Szymanski, IR: Theory and Practice of Infrared Spectroscopy, Plenum Press, New York (1964). xiv + 375pp.

W.L. Truett, "A Bilbiography on the Pyrolysis of Vinyl and Condensation Polymers," Infrared in Action 1 (1976). 7pp.

W.L. Truett, "Pyrolysis-Infrared Analysis of Polymeric Material," American Laboratory June (1977). (reprint)

K. Whetsel, "Infrared Spectroscopy," Chemical and Engineering News 46 82-96 5 February (1968).

D.H. Whiffen, Spectroscopy, Longmans, London (1966). 205pp.

H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, Jr. and J.A. Dean, "The Absorption of Infrared Radiation," In Instrumental Methods of Analysis, D. van Nostrand, Fourth Edition New York (1965) Chapter 5.

R.S. Yamasaki, "Chemical Kinetics of Photo-oxidative Degradation of Dried Trilinolein Film," Journal of Paint Technology 39 134-143 (1967).

M.V. Zeller, "Bibliography of References for the Determination of Quartz and Asbestos," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Bulletin 54 (1976). 5pp.

M.V. Zeller and S.C. Pattacini, "The Infrared Grading Spectra of Polymers," Perkin-Elmer Infrared Applications Study 13 (1973). 23pp.

Y. Zou, Y. Xia, A.R. Jones and R.A. Lodder, “Near-IR Spectral Indentificaton of Soil,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 9 434A-439A (1993).

Kinetics

N.M. Emanuel and D.G. Knorre, Chemical Kinetics and Homogeneous Reactions, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Wiley, New York (1973). xii + 447pp.

H. Eyring, Basic Chemical Kinetics, Wiley, New York (1980). vii + 493pp.

H. Eyring and E.M. Eyring, Modern Chemical Kinetics, Rinehold, New York (1963). 144pp.

A.A. Frost and R.G. Pearson, Kinetics and Mechanism, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1961). 405pp.

E.L. King, How Chemical Reactions Occur, W.A. Benjamin, New York (1964). 148pp.

C.E. Mortimer, "Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium,," In Chemistry, Van Nostrand, New York (1971) Chapter 14.

Laboratory Design

N.S. Baer, M. Ballard and N. Indictor, "Considerations in the Development of Textile Conservation Laboratories." In Conservazione e Restauro dei Tessili, International Conference on the Conservation and Restoration of Textiles Como, Italy l980. CISST, Milan (l982). pp. 129-136.

L. Commoner, "Establishing a Textile Conservation Laboratory," Report of the Textile Conservation Group 2 No.1 2-9 (1979).

L..J. Diberardinis, Guidelines For Laboratory Design: Health and Safety Considerations, 2nd ed, John Wiley and Sons, NJ (1992). 512 pp.

M. Fikioris, "Conservation: Textile Cleaning and Storage," Museum News 55 No.1 13-18 (September/October 1976).

Instrument Society of America, Recommended Environments for Standards Laboratories, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA (1976). 18pp.

E. Jachimowicz, "Storage and Access," Museum News 56 No.2 32-36 (November/December 1977).

R.M. Organ, Design for the Scientific Conservation of Antiquities, Butterworths, London (1968). xi + 97pp.

E. Rodee, "A Unistruct Textile Storage System," Curator 21 No.3 235-238 (1978).

G.T. Saunders, Laboratory Fume Hoods: A Users' Manual John Wiley and Sons, NJ (1993). 144 pp.

Laboratory Safety

American Standards Association, "Safety Standards for Non-medical X-ray and Sealed Gamma-ray Sources," Washington D.C. (1963).

Anon., "Vorsichsmassnahmen beim Umgang mit Kunststoffen und Chemikalien," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren 14 No.2 Gruppe 14 1-5 (1978).

C.W. Bahne, Fire Protection for Chemicals, National Fire Protection Association, Boston (1956). 147pp.

R.P. Blake, Industrial Safety, Third Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1963). 405pp.

E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals, Butterworths, London (1961).

E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Organic Solvents,Revised Edition, Chemical Publishing Company Inc., New York (1953). viii + 411pp.

H.W. Colman, The Classification of Fire Hazards and Extinction Methods, John De Groff Inc., New York (1954).

Commercial Solvents Corporation, a series of data sheets on handling solvents; 260 Madison Avenue, New York.

Compressed Gas Association, The Safe Handling of Compressed Gases, Eighth Edition, Compressed Gas Association, Arlington, VA (1991). 22pp.

R. DeReamer, Modern Safety Practices, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1958).

H.B. Elkins, The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1959). 452pp.

L.T. Fairhall, Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1957).

H.W. Gerarde, Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Elsevier, New York (1960). xiii + 329pp.

M.N. Gleason, et al., Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products: Acute Poisoning, Home and Farm, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1957; supplement 1959) iii + 72pp.

N.W. Heinrich and E.B. Granniss, Industrial Accident Prevention, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1959).

R. Jenkins and D.J. Haas, "Hazards in the Use of X-ray Analytical Instrumentation," X-Ray Spectrometry 2 135-141 (1973).

D. MacFarlane, Safety in Industry, Philosophical Library, Inc. New York (1955). 71pp.

Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc., Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Second Edition, D. Van Nostrand Inc., New York (1972). vi + 505pp.

Manufacturing Chemists Association Inc., A Series of Chemical Safety Data Sheets; 1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington D.C.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Safety Manual, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA (1955).

Matheson, Coleman and Bell, Safety in Handling Hazardous Chemicals, (1969). 25pp.

Mellon Institution of Research, Safety Manual, Pittsburgh (1961).

Merck and Company, Inc. The Merck Index, Eleventh Edition, Rahway, N.J. (1989). xviii + 1606pp.

National Association of Mutual Casualty Companies, Handbook of Organic Industrial Solvents, Second Edition, Chicago (1961). 71pp.

National Fire Protection Association, National Fire Codes, Volumes I and II, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA (1989).

National Fire Protection Association, Handbook of Fire Protection, Boston.

National Safety Council, a series of industrial data sheets; 425 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago.

National Safety Council, Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 60, Chicago (1952).

National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Toxic Eye Hazards, Publication 494; 1790 Broadway, New York.

NIOSH, "Criteria for a Recommended Standard; Occupational Exposure to Alkanes (C5-C8)," HEW Publication No. 77-151, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. (1977).

F.A. Patty, editor, Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 1 (1958) and Vol. II (1963), Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York.

H.A.J. Pieters amd J.W. Creighton, Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Second Edition, Academic Press, New York (1957). 305 pp.

H.M. Rosenberger and R.H. Johnson, "Factors Influencing Peroxide Formation in Diethyl Ether," American Laboratory (June 1970). 8ff.

R.H. Simmonds and J.V. Grimaldi, Safety Management; Accident Cost and Control, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, IL (1956). 555pp.

A.M. Stevens, "Flammable Liquids in the Laboratory," American Laboratory 10 No.13 72ff.

R.S. Stricoff and D.B. Walters, Laboratory Health and Safety Handbook: A Guide to the Preparation of a Chemical Hygiene Plan John Wiley and Sons, NJ (1990). 336 pp.

United States Department of Commerce, N.B.S. Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analysis Equipment, American National Standard No. 43.2-1977. 20pp.

United States Printing Office, Los Alamos Handbook of Radiation Monitoring, Supt. of Documents, Washington D.C. (1958).

United States Printing Office, Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials, NSB Handbook No. 42, Supt. of Documents, Washington D.C.

Upjohn Co., Safety in the Laboratory, Kalamazoo, Michigan (1958).

J. Varjavandi and O.L. Mageli, "Safe Handling of Organic Peroxides," Journal of Chemical Education 48 No.7 A451ff. (1971). (reprint)

Villanova University Department of Chemistry, Safety Manual for Chemical Laboratories, Villanova, PA (1961).

W.F. Von Oettifen, Poisoning: A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1958).

Western Reserve University, Department of Chemistry Safety Manual, Cleveland (1958).

J.A. Young, Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Guide 2nd edition, John Wiley, NJ (1991). 406pp.

Note: See also references in Solvents; Toxicity (Part III) and X-Ray Diffraction and the Journal Art Hazard News.

Light Microscopy

C.E. Arregger, "Some Technical Applications of Reflected-Light Interference Microscopy," Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 87 Part 2, 191-203 (1967).

C.E. Barker and O.C. Kopp, Editors, Luminescence Micropscopy and Spectroscopy: Qualitative and Quantitative Applications, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK (1991). 195pp.

M. Corfield and K. Foley, Editors, Microscopy in Archaeological Conservation, United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, London (1982). 27pp.

A. Kohaut, "Die Feingestat bearbeiter Flächen und ihre Interferenzbilder," Feinwerktechnologie 58 315 (1954).

W.C. McCrone, "The Renaissance of Light Microscopy," American Laboratory 19 42-48 (1988).

W.C. McCrone, "The Case for Polarized Light Microscopy," American Laboratory (June 1996). p.12.

W.C. McCrone, "A Scientific Study of Marcus Aurelius with Two Philosophers," Microscope 42 No. 3 111-119 (1994).

W.C. McCrone, "The Shroud of Turin: Blood or Artist's Pigments," Accounts of Chemical Research 23 77-83 (1990).

W.C. McCrone, "The Vinland Map," Analytical Chemistry 60 1009-1018 (1988).

R.P. Miller and G. Sommer, "A Hot Stage Microscope Incorporating a Differential Thermal Analysis Unit," Journal of Scientific Instrumentation 43 293-297 (1966).

T.G. Rochow and P.A. Tucker, Introduction to Microscopy By Means of Light, Electrons, X-rays, or Ultrasound Second Edition, Plenum Press, NY (1994). 455pp.

H.P. Schramm, Historische Malmaterialien und deren Identifizierung, Akademie Druck, Graz (1989).

S. Tolansky, Multiple Beam Interferometry of Surfaces and Films, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1948). viii + 187pp.

F.R. Tolman and J.G. Wood, "Fringe Spacing in Interference Microscopes," Journal of Scientific Instrumentation 33 236-238 (1956).

Mass Spectrometry

B. Adamczyk, W. Genuit and J.J. Boon, "A Simple Approach to the Dynamic Headspace Analysis of Volatile Flavour Using a Gas Chromatograph/Photoionisation Mass Spectrometer," Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry 16 373-375 (1988).

A. Benninghoven, B. Hagenhoff and E. Niehuis, "Surface MS: Probing Real-World Samples," Analytical Chemistry 65 No.4 630A-640A (1993).

A.J.H. Boerboom, "Instrumentation in High Molecular Weight Mass Spectrometry," In S. Facchetti, Editor, Mass Spectrometry of Large Molecules, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1983). pp. 35-52.

A.J.H. Boerboom, "Simultaneous Ion Detection," In S. Faccetti, ed., Mass Spectrometry of Large Molecules, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1983). pp. 53-73.

A.L. Burlingame, C.H.L. Shackleton, I.Howe and O.S. Chizkhov, "Mass Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 121R-130R (1978).

R. Chapman, Practical Organic Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1993). 200pp.

W. Genuit, "The Effect of Temperature on Photoionisation Mass Spectra," International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 73 61-80 (1986).

A.G. Harrison, Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1992). 208pp.

J. Haverkamp, W. Windig, D. Valerio and P.G. Kistemaker, Advances in Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry, American Society for Mass Spectrometry (1980). pp. 49-50.

G. Holland and A.N. Eaton, Editors, Applications of Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry II, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England (1993) ix + 243pp.

I. Howe, D.H. Williams and R.D. Bowen, Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applicaitons, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1981). xii + 276pp.

C. Jones, B. Mulloy, and A.H. Thomas, Spectroscopic Methods and Analyses: NMR, Mass Spectrometry, and Related Techniques, Humana Press, Totowa, N.J. (1993). x + 395pp.

P.G. Kistemaker, G.J.Q. van der Peyl, A.J.H. Boerboom and J. Haverkamp, Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Organic Molecules, American Society for Mass Spectrometry (1980). pp. 652-653.

P.G. Kistemaker, G.J.Q. van der Peyl and J. Haverkamp, "Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry," In H.R. Morris Heyden, ed., Soft Ionization Biological Mass Spectrometry, London (1980). pp. 120-136.

K. Levsen, Fundamental Aspects of Organic Mass Spectrometry, Verlag Chemie, New York (1978). xiii + 312pp.

D.M. Lubman, Editor, Lasers and Mass Spectrometry, Oxford University Press, New York (1990). xiii + 545pp.

J.R. Majer, The Mass Spectrometer, Wykeham, London (1977). xii + 159pp.

F.W. McLafferty, Interpretation of Mass Spectra, Third Edition, University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA (1980). xvii + 303pp. G.M. Message, Practical Aspects of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, New York (1984).

S. Meyerson, “From Black Magic to Chemistry: The Metamorphosis of Organic Mass Spectrometry,” Analytical Chemistry 66 No. 19 960A-964A (1994).

B.S. Middleditch, Editor, Practical Mass Spectrometry: A Contemporary Introduction, Plenum Press, New York (1979). xv + 387pp.

J.S. Mills and R. White, "Organic Mass Spectrometry of Art Materials: A Work in Progress," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 6 3-18 (1982).

L. Prókai, Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Dekker, New York (1990). vi + 291pp.

D.H. Russell, Editor, Experimental Mass Spectrometry, Plenum Press, New York (1994). xiii + 311pp.

A. Vertes, R.Gijbels, and F. Adams, Editors, Laser Ionization Mass Analysis, Wiley, New York (1993). xxi + 560pp.

J.S. Vogel, K.W. Turteltaub, R. Finkel, D.E. Nelson, “Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Qualification at Attomole Sensitivity,” Analytical Chemistry 67 No. 11 353A-359A (1995).

J.T. Watson, Introduction to Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition, Raven, New York (1985). xii + 351pp.

C.L. Wilkins, "Linked Gas Chromatography/Infrared/Mass Spectrometry," Analytical Cemistry 59 571A (1987).

A.L. Yergey, Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Techniques and Applications, Plenum Press, New York (1990) ix + 306pp.

See Also: Chromatographic Methods: PyGC

Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Th. Bakas, N.-H. Gangas, I. Silgalas, M.J. Aitken, "Mössbauer Study of Glozel Tablet 198b1," Archaeometry 22 Part 1 69-80 (1980).

G.N. Belozerski, Mössbauer Studies of Surface Layers, Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (1993). x + 457pp.

H.K. Chow, R.F. Weiss and P.A. Flinn, “Mössbauer Effect Spectrometry for Analysis of Iron Compounds,” United States Atomic Energy Commission Report NSEC 4023-1 (1969).

R.L. Cohen, Editor, Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York (1976).

R.S. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Reinhold, New York (1965) Chapter 11.

S. Eissa, "Mössbauer Effect of the Origin of the Color in Ancient Egyptian Black Ware," In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mössbauer Spectroscopy, 1973, No. 1-3 (1975). pp. 752-758.

N.A. Elissa, et al. "Mössbauer Effect Study of Ancient Egyptian Pottery and the Origin of the Color in Black Ware," In Recent Advances in Science and Technology of Materials, Vol. 3, Plenum Press, New York (1974). pp. 85-88.

S. Eissa and L. Keszthelyi, "Mössbauer Effect Study of Ancient Egyptian Pottery," In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mössbauer Spectroscopy, 1973, No. 1-3 (1975). pp. 249-251.

S. Eissa, H.A. Sallam and M.H. Morcy, "Estimation of Natural Radiation Dose and Age of Ancient Pottery by Mössbauer Effect," Journal of Physics, Colloquium No. 2 462-463 (1979).

S. Eissa, H.A. Sallam, A.M. Sanad and A. Mera, "Mössbauer Effect Study of Colored Glazes Coating Early Islamic Pottery," In Proceedings of the International Conference of Mössbauer Spectroscopy 1 (1977). pp.329-330.

S. Eissa, H.A. Sallam, A.M. Sanad and A. Mera, "Observation of the Radiation Effects on Ancient Pottery by Mössbauer Effect," In Proceedings of the International Conference of Mössbauer Spectroscopy 1 (1977). pp. 331-332.

J.G. Goodwin, Jr. amd G. Parravano, "Decarburization of Iron Films by Hydrogen. A Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study," Journal of Physical Chemistry 1040-1045 (1978).

J. Hess and I. Perlman, Mössbauer Spectra of Iron in Ceramics and Their Relation to Pottery Colours," Archaeometry 16 (Part 2). 137-152 (1974).

B. Keisch, "Mössbauer Effect Studies in the Fine Arts," Archaeometry 15 79-104 (1973).

B. Keisch, "Mössbauer Effect Spectroscopy Without Sampling: Application to Art and Archeology," Advances in Chemistry 138 editor Curt W. Beck, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. (1974). pp. 186-206.

R.C. Koch, H.K. Chow and R.L. Bogner, "Mössbauer Spectrometry for Analysis of Iron Compounds," United States Atomic Energy Commission Report NSEC 4010-1 (1967).

A. Kostikas and A. Simopoulos, "Mössbauer Study of Mycenean and Minoan Pottery, Journal Physique (Paris), Colloque 6 537-539 (1974).

L. Lazzarini, G. Biscontin, S. Calogero, N. Burriesci and M. Petrera, "A Study of Venetian and Paduan Sgraffito Ceramic of the 15th and 16th Centuries," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/21/2/1-16.

G.J. Long and F. Grandjean, Editors, Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Magnetism and Materials Science, Plenum Press, New York (1993).

G. Longworth and M.S. Tite, "Mössbauer and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies of Iron Oxides in Soils from Archeological Sites," Archaeometry 19 (Part 1). 3-14 (1977).

G. Longworth and M.S. Tite, "Mössbauer Studies on the Nature of the Red and Black Glazes on Greek and Indian Painted Ware," Journal of Physics, Colloquium No. 2 460-461 (1979).

G. Longworth and S.E. Warren, "The Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy to the Characterization of Western Mediterranean Obsidian," Journal of Archaeological Science 6 No. 2 179-193 (1979).

Y. Maeda and H. Sakai, "Mössbauer Spectroscopic Analysis of Ancient Pottery," Archaeology and Natural Science No. 10 31-43 (1977). In Japanese.

Y. Maeda, H. Sakai, S. Onoyama and E. Yoshida, "Mössbauer Studies on Japanese Ancient Pottery," Journal of Physics, Colloquium No. 2 485-486 (1979).

S. Mitra, Editor, Applied Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Theory and Practice for Geochemists and Archaeologists, Pergamon Press, New York (1992). xiv + 381pp.

A. Simopoulos, et al. "Mössbauer Study of Transformations Induced in Clay by Firing," Clay's Clay Miner 23 No.5 393-399 (1975).

A. Simopoulos, A. Kostikas and N.H. Gangas, "Mössbauer Studies of Iron Oxide Transformations in Fired Clays," In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mössbauer Spectroscopy, 1973 (1975). pp. 1-3, 759-762.

A. Simopoulos, A. Kostikas, R.E. Jones, G.E.M. Jones and K. Koehler, "Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Ancient Corinthian and Corfean Pottery," In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mössbauer Spectroscopy 1 (1977). pp. 327-328.

A.K. Singh, B.K. Jain and K. Chandra, "Mössbauer Studies of Naturally Occuring Red Ochre and Yellow Ochre," Journal of Physics D 11 No. 1 52-62 (1978).

J.G. Stevens and L.H. Bowen, "Mössbauer Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 20 No. 5 176R-188R (1978).

M. Takeda, O. Kawakami, H. Kobayashi and T. Tominaga, "Estimation of Firing Temperatures of Ancient Roofing Tiles by Iron-57 Mössbauer Spectroscopy," Journal of Physics, Colloquium No. 2 483-484 (1979).

M. Takeda, H. Mabuchi, Y. Emoto and T. Tominaga, "State Analysis of Ancient Japanese Roofing Tiles by Iron-57 Mössbauer Spectroscopy," Bunseki Kagaku 26 No. 8 525-531 (1977). In Japanese.

M. Takeda, H. Mabuchi and T. Tominaga, "Mössbauer Study of Chinese Bronze Coins," Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters 29 No. 4 191-197 (1977).

T. Tominaga, "A Clue for Studies of Ancient Times; Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy to Archaeology," Gendai Kadaku 72 32-37 (1977). In Japanese.

T. Tominaga, "Mössbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Archaeological Artifacts," Kagaku No Ryoiki 31 No. 9 896-905 (1977). In Japanese.

T. Tominaga, "Application of Mössbauer Spectrometry to Archaeology," Genshiryoku Kogyo 24 No. 4 60-61 (1978). In Japenese.

T. Tominaga, M. Takeda, H. Mabuchi and Y. Emoto, "Characterization of Ancient Japanese Roofing Tiles by 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy," Archaeometry 20 135-146 (1978).

G.K. Wertheim, Mössbauer Effect: Principles and Applications, Academic Press, New York (1964). viii + 116pp.

NMR Spectroscopy

J.W. Akitt, NMR and Chemistry: an Introduction to Modern NMR Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, Chapman & Hall, New York (1992). xi + 272pp.

F. Al-Sammerrai, D. Al-Sammerrai, and J. Al-Rawi, "The Use of Thermogravimetry and NMR Spectroscopy in the Attempted Identification of the Source of Babylonian Building Asphalt," Thermochimica Acta 115 181-188 (1987).

R.A. Assink and B.D. Kay, "1H NMR Studies of the Sol-gel Transition," In Better Ceramics through Chemistry, C.J. Brinker, D.E. Clark, and D.R. Ulrich, Editors, Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., New York: (1984). pp.301-306

E.D. Becker, “A Brief History of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 6 295A-302A (1993).

D. Capitani, A.L. Segre, M. Pentimalli, M. Bicchieri, and P.F. Munaro, "Ancient Deteriorated Paper: Washing and Restoring Processes as Studied by 13C CP-MAS NMR Spectroscopy," Quinio No.2 37-43 August (2002).

J.E. Carles and A.M. Scallan, "The Determination of the Amount of Bound Water within Cellulosic Gels by NMR Spectroscopy," Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 1855-1865 (1973).

A. Charlesby, "Determination of Cross-Linking by NMR Spectroscopy," In Plastics & Rubber Institute, Annual National Conference, Crosslinking and Network Formation in Polymers, London, 27-29 October 1982, Proceedings, F.R. Jones, Editor, Plastics & Rubber Institute, London (1982). pp.76-81

C. Danehey, G.S. Wheeler, and S-C.H. Su, "The Influence of Quartz and Calcite on the Polymerization of Methyltrimethoxysilane," In Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone: held in Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 June 1992, J.D. Rodrigues, F. Henriques, and F.T. Jeremias, Editors, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon (1992). pp.1043-1052

T.C. Farrar, "Pulsed and Fourier Transform NMR Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 42 No.4 109A (1970).

R. Freeman, “The Fourier Transform Revolution in NMR Spectroscopy,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 17 743A-753A (1993).

H. Friebolin, Basic One-and-Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, Second Edition, VCH Publishers, New York (1993). xxi + 368pp.

C.A. Fyfe, L.H. Randall, and N.E. Burlinson, "Water Penetration in Nylon 6,6: Absorption, Desorption, and Exchange Studied by NMR Microscopy," Journal of Polymer Science Part A. Polymer Chemistry 31 No.1 159-168 (1993).

E.L. Ghisalberti and I.M. Godfrey, "Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Organic Archaeological Materials," Studies in Conservation 43 No.4 215-230 December (1998).

J.W. Hennel and Jacek Klinewski, Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Wiley, New York (1993).

D.N.S Hon and S.T. Chang, "Photoprotection of Wood Surfaces by Wood-ion Complexes," Wood and Fiber Science 17 No.1 92-100 (1985).

J. Jonas, "Kinetics and Mechanism of Sol-gel Polymerization," In Science of Ceramic Processing, L.L. Hench and D.R. Ulrich, Editors, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1986). pp.65-72

R.A. Komoroski, High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Polymers in Bulk, Methods in Stereochemical Analysis 7, VCH Publishers, Deerfield Beach, FL (1986). xi + 379pp.

R.A. Komoroski, “Nonmedical Applications of NMR Imaging,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 24 1068A-1077A (1993).

J.B. Lambert and C.W. Beck, "The Structure of Amber by Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," In Amber in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Amber in Archaeology, Liblice, 1990, C.W. Beck and J. Bouzek, Editors, Czech Academy of Sciences. Institute of Archaeology, Prague (1993). pp.28-35.

J.B. Lambert, J.S. Frye, T.A. Lee Jr., C.J. Welch, and G.O. Poinar Jr., "Analysis of Mexican amber by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy," In Archaeological Chemistry IV, R.O. Allen, Editor, American Chemical Society, Washington (1989). pp.381-388.3 figs.

J.B. Lambert, J.S. Frye, and G.O. Poinar Jr., "Analysis of North American Amber by Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy," Geoarchaeology 5 No.1 43-52 (1990).

J.B. Lambert, S.C. Johnson, and G.O. Poinar Jr., "Resin from Africa and South America: Criteria for Distinguishing between Fossilized and Recent Resin Based on NMR Spectroscopy," ACS symposium Series 617 193-202 (1995).

J.B. Lambert and G.O. Poinar Jr., "Amber: the Organic Gemstone," Accounts of Chemical Research 35 No.8 628-636 August (2002).

A.P. Lee, J. Klinowski, and E.A. Marseglia, "Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Bone Diagenesis," Journal of Archaeological Science 22 No.2 257-262 (1995).

N. Robinson, R.P. Evershed, W.J. Higgs, K. Jerman, and G. Eglinton, "Proof of a Pine Wood Origin for Pitch from Tudor (Mary Rose) and Etruscan Shipwrecks: Application of Analytical Organic Chemistry in Archaeology," Analyst 112 May 637-644 (1987).

J.K.M. Sanders and B.K. Hunter, Modern NMR Spectroscopy: a Guide for Chemists, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, New York (1993). xiv + 314pp.

J.N. Shoolery, “NMR Spectroscopy: In the Beginning,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 17 731A-741A (1993).

P. Simon, S. Mang, A. Hasenhindl, W. Gronski, and A. Greiner, "Poly (p-xylylene) and its Derivatives by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Structure." Macromolecules 31 No.25 8775-8780 December (1998).

B.S. Stowe, V.S. Salvin, R.E. Fornes, and R.D. Gilbert, "Effect of Near-Ultraviolet Radiation on the Morphology of Nylon 66" Textile Research Journal 43 No.12 704-714 (1973). G. Voss, "NMR Spectroscopy of Leucoindigotins and Formation of Deuterated Indigotins," Dyes in History and Archaeology No.18 21-29 August (2002).

J.R. Wasson and P.J. Corvan, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 50 No. 5 121R-130R (1978).

J.S. Waugh, "NMR Spectroscopy in Solids: A Historical Perspective,” Analytical Chemistry 65 No. 17 725A-729A (1993).

Nondestructive Testing

Anon, Nondestructive Testing Volume 03.03, 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (1993). 808 pp.

See Also: X-ray Radiography

Nuclear Analytical Methods

K. Bernstein, "Activation Analysis," Industrial Research 87-91 (September 1976).

G.J. Boulle, "Characterization of South West African Potshards by Neutron Activation Analysis of Trace Elements," Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 39 No.1 33-44 (1977).

D.M. Cavagnaro, Archaeology: Site Studies, Activation Analysis, Preservation and Remote Sensing, National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA (1978).

M.J. Cotter, P. Meyers, L. van Zelst, C.H. Olin and E.V. Sayre, A Study of the Material and Techniques Used by Some Nineteenth Century American Oil Painters by Means of Neutron Activation Autoradiography, Preliminary Report, 30pp.

J.M. D'Auria and R. Bennet, "X-Rays and Trace Elements," Chemistry 48 No.10 17-19 (1975).

G.R. Gilmore, "Activation Analysis and Archaeometry," Proceedings of the Analytical Division of the Chemistry Society 13 No. 4 99-103 (1976).

J.L. Joron, M. Trevil and H. Jaffrezic, "Trace Elements Archaeochemistry in Different Sigillated Potteries, Using Neutron Activation Analysis," Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 39 No.1 63-67 (1977).

P. Meyers, Some Applications of Non-Destructive Activation Analysis, Brinder Offset, Rotterdam (1968). 83pp.

J.R. Moody amd R.M. Lindstrom, "The Cleaning, Analysis and Selection of Containers for Trace Element Samples," NBS Special Publication 501 19-32 (1978).

R.A. Nadkarni and G.H. Morrison, "Determination of Silver in Rocks by Neutron Activation Analysis," Analytical Chemistry 47 No.13 2285-2286 (1975).

M. Osawa, H. Kasuya and Y. Sakakibara, "Trace Element Abundances in Stone Artifacts and Related Materials form Japan by Neutron Activation Analysis. An Approach to Archaeological Provenience Studies," Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 39 No.1 137-152 (1977).

E.V. Sayre, "Analytical Studies in Ancient Egyptian Glass," In Recent Advances in Science and Technology of Materials, Vol. 3, Plenum Press, New York (1974). pp. 47-70.

E.V. Sayre, "Neutron Activation Analysis: An Emerging Technique for Conservation/Preservation," Technology and Conservation of Art, Archeology and Antiquities 1 No.3 26-31 (1976).

E.V. Sayre and H.N. Lechtman, "Neutron Activation Autoradiography of Oil Paintings," Studies in Conservation 13 161-185 (1968).

E. V. Sayre and P. Meyers, "Nuclear Activation Applied to Materials of Art and Archeology," Art and Archeology Technical Abstracts 8 No. 4 113-150 (1971).

J. Yellin, I. Perlman, F. Asaro, H.V. Michel and D.F. Mosier, "Comparison of Neutron Activation Analysis from the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Hebrew University," Archaeometry 20 (Part 1). 95-100 (1978).

Note: See Also: Ceramics and Stone Provenance.

Optical Mineralogy

M.H. Battey, Optical Properties of Crystals," Mineralogy for Students, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh (1972) Chapter 4.

E.G. Ehlers, Optical Mineralogy, Blackwell Scientific Publicatioins, Palo Alto, CA (1987). 2 Volumes.

C.D. Gribble and A.J. Hall, Optical Mineralogy: Principles and Practice, Chapman & Hall, New York (1993). xv + 302pp.

H. Hart and R.D. Schuetz, "Plane Polarized Light," Organic Chemistry: A Short Course, Fifth Edition, Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1978). pp.355-358.

P.F. Kerr, Optical Mineralogy, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1977). xvi + 492pp.

C.W. Mason, Handbook of Chemical Microscopy, Fourth Edition, Volume I, Wiley, New York (1983). xv + 505pp.

S. Mitra, Fundamentals of Optical and X-ray Mineralogy, Wiley, New York (1989). 236pp.

W.D. Nesse, Introduction to Optical Mineralogy, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford (1991). xii + 335pp.

W.L. Roberts, G.R. Rapp, Jr. and T.J. Campbell , Editors, Encyclopedia of Minerals, Second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1990). xxiii + 979pp.

D. Shelley, Optical Mineralogy, Second Edition, Elsevier, New York (1985). xvii + 321pp.

J. Sinkankas, Mineralogy for Amateurs, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ (1964). xiii + 585pp.

A.N. Witchell, Elements of Optical Mineralogy: an Introduction to Microscopic Petrography, 3 Volumes, Fifth Edition, Wiley, London (1937).

See Also: McCrone Course Text, Polarized Light Microscopy.

Optics

C.L. Andrews, Optics of the Electromagnetic Spectrum, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1960). 501pp.

S. Anzai, "Chromatic-Aberration-Free Optics for Microscopy," American Laboratory 10 No.4 83-84, 86, 88, 95.

M. Born, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light, Sixth Edition, Pergamon Press, New York (1993). xxviii + 808pp.

W.H. Bragg, The Universe of Light, Dover, New York (1959). 283pp.

T. Cornsweet, Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York (1974). xiii + 475pp.

G. Fowles, Introduction to Modern Optics, Second Edition, Dover, New York (1989). viii + 328pp.

A. Horder,Editor, The Manual of Photography, Sixth Edition, Focal Press, London and New York (1971) See Chapters 2, 5, 7, 8.

B.K. Johnson, Optics and Optical Instruments: An Introduction with Special Reference to Practical Applications, Third Edition, Dover, New York (1960). 224pp.

L. Larmore, Introduction to Photographic Principles, Dover, New York (1965) Chapters 3, 11.

R. Mason, Photography, English Universities Press, Suffolk (1974) Chapter 2.

W.C. McCrone, "How to Buy a Microscope," Analytical Chemistry 49 No.7 659A, 660A, 662A, 664A (1977).

J. Robertson, Introduction to Optics: Geometrical and Physical, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ (1961). 416pp.

G.E. Schlueter and W.E. Gumpertz, "The Stereomicroscopy: Instrumentation and Techniques," American Laboratory 61-66, 68-71, April (1976).

H. Semat, Fundamentals of Physics, Rinehart and Co., New York (1957). part 5: pp.643-758.

C. Swedlund, Photography: A Handbook of History, Materials and Processes, Second Edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1981). 410pp.

R. Weber, M.W. White, and K. Manning, College Technical Physics, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1965) Chapters 42-49.

See Also: Color Theory

PIXE Analysis

J.R. Bird, "Ion Beam Techniques in Archaeology and the Arts," In P. Duerden and D.J. Wilson, Editors, Nuclear Science Applications, Section B, Volume 1, No. 5, Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland (1983). pp. 357-526.

J.A. Buckley, "An Analysis of Thirty-One Coins from the Hellenistic Period," Archaeometry 27 No.1 102-107 (1985).

T.A. Cahill, Annual Report - Fiscal Year 1981-1982: Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (1982). 57pp.

T.A. Cahill, "Proton Microprobes and Particle-Induced X-ray Analytical Systems," Annual Review of Nuclear Particle Science 30 211-252 (1980).

T.A. Cahill, B.H. Kusko, R.A. Eldred and R.N. Schwab, "Gutenberg's Inks and Papers: Non-Destructive Compositional Analyses by Proton Milliprobe," Archaeometry 26 No.1 3-14 (1984).

T.A. Cahill, B. Kusko, R.A. Eldred and R.N. Schwab, "Analyses of Inks and Papers in Historical Documents Through External Beam PIXE Techniques," Nuclear Instruments and Methods 181 205-208 (1981).

T.A. Cahill, D.W. McColm and B.H. Kusko, "Control of Temperature in Thin Samples During Ion Beam Analysis," In Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms Vol. B14 38-44 (1986).

P. Duerden, , D.D. Cohen, E. Clayton, J.R. Bird, W.R. Ambrose and B.F. Leach, "Elemental Analysis of Thick Obsidian Samples by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 51 No. 14 2350-2359 (1979).

R.A. Eldred, B.H. Kusco and T.A. Cahill, "The External PIXE Milliprobe at Davis: Laser Alignment, PIXE Calibration, and Quality Assurance,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 231 579-583 (1984).

T.B. Johansson, R. Akselsson and S.A.E. Johansson, "X-ray Analysis: Elemental Trace Analysis at the 10-12 Level," Nuclear Instruments and Methods 84 141-143 (1970).

B. Kusko, "Appendix A: The Nature of X-Rays,” and "Appendix B: PIXE as an Analytical Technique,” in H.H. Cox, Editor, The Calov Bible of J.S. Bach; Studies in Musicology No. 92 series, UMI Research Press, Ann Arbor, MI (1985). 460 pp.

B.H. Kusko, T.A. Cahill, R.A. Eldred, and R.N. Schwab, "Proton Milliprobe Analyses of the Gutenberg Bible," In Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Vol. 231 689-694 (1984).

B. Martin, Particle Induced X-ray Emission and ItsAnalytical Applications: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on PIXE and Its Analytical Applications, North-Holland Physics Publishing, Amsterdam (1984). xix + 712pp.

R.N. Schwab, "The Cyclotron and Descriptive Bibliography: A Progress Report on the Crocker Historical and Archaeological Project at U.C. Davis," The Quarterly News-Letter of the Book Club of California 47 3-11 (1981).

R.N. Schwab, T.A. Cahill, R.A. Eldred, B.H. Kusko and D.L. Wick, "New Evidence on the Printing of the Gutenberg Bible: The Inks in the Doheny Copy," Papers of the Bibliographic Society of America 79 375-410 (1985).

R.N. Schwab, T.A. Cahill, B.H. Kusko, R.A. Eldred, and D.L. Wick, "Ink Patterns in the Gutenberg New Testament: The Proton Milliprobe Analysis of the Lilly Library Copy," The Papers of the Bibliographic Society of America 80 305-331 (1986).

R.N. Schwab, T.A. Cahill, B.H. Kusko and D.L. Wick, "Cyclotron Analysis of the Ink in the 42-Line Bible," The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 77 No.3 285-315 (1983).

Raman Spectroscopy

F. Adar and J.E. Griffiths, Editors, Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopies II, Proccedings of the Second International Conference on Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopy in Technology, Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA (1990) ix + 301pp.

Anon., "The Shroud of Turin," Chemistry 51 No.2 20-21 (1978).

I. Artaki, M. Bradley, T.W. Zerda, J. Jonas, G. Orcel, and L.L. Hench, "NMR, Raman Study of the Effect of Formamide on the Sol-Gel Process," In Science of Ceramic Processing, L.L. Hench, D.R. Ulrich, Editors, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1986). pp.73-80.

J. Bensted and S.P. Varma, "Infrared and Roman Spectroscopy in Cement Chemistry - Miscellaneous Applications," World Cement Technology 8 16-20 (1977).

J. Bensted and S.P. Varma, "Some Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Cement Chemistry. Part 3 - Hydration Of Portland Cement And Its Constituents," Cement Technology 5 440-445, 448-450 (1974).

A. Bertoluzza, S. Cacciari, G. Cristini, C. Fagnano, and A. Tinti, "Non-destructive 'in situ' Raman study of Artistic Glasses," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 No.8-9 751-755 (1995).

M. Bicchieri, M. Nardone, G. Pappalardo, L. Pappalardo, F.P. Romano, P.A. Russo, A. Sodo,

and E. Ramos Rubert, "Raman and PIXE analysis of Salerno Exultet," Quinio No.2 233-240, 259-263 (2002).

L. Black and G.C. Allen, "Nature of Lead Patination," British Corrosion Journal 34 No.3 192-197 (1999).

N. Boucherit and A. Hugot-Le Goff, "Localized Corrosion Processes in Iron and Steels Studied by in situ Raman Spectroscopy," Faraday Discussions 94 137-147 (1992).

G. Braga Marcazzan, A. Gallone, G. Samoggia, and D. Mazzetti, "Cronologia di dipinti italiani contemporanei dalla caratterizzazione del bianco di titanio,” (Chronology of contemporary Italian paintings from the characterization of titanium white), In 3a Conferenza internazionale sulle prove non distruttive, metodi microanalitici e indagini ambientali per lo studio e la conservazione delle opere d'arte: Viterbo 4-9 ottobre 1992 (3 rd International Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Microanalytical Methods and Environment Evaluation for Study and Conservation of Works of Art), M. Marabelli and P. Santopadre, Editors, Italian Society for Nondestructive Testing, Brescia, Italy (1992). pp.637-652. E.G. Brame and J.G. Grasselli, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Practical Spectroscopy vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York (1976). 3 vols. 1039pp.

K.R. Bullock, "Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Methods of Characterizing Lead Corrosion Films," Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 222 347-366 (1987).   D.B. Chase and J.F. Rabolt, Fourier Transform Raman Spectoroscopy: from Concept to Experiment, Academic Press, Boston, MA (1994). xi + 274pp.

J.S. Church, A.S. Davie, D.W.James, W.-L. Leong, and D.J. Tucker, "Determination of Wool Wax in Raw Wool by Raman Spectroscopy," Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 71 No.10 1163-1167 (1994).

E. Ciliberto and G. Spoto, Modern Analytical Methods in Art and Archaeology (Chemical Analysis), John Wiley & Sons Canada, Toronto (2002). xix + 755pp.

N.B. Colthup, L.H. Daly and S.E. Wiberly, Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Third Edition, Academic Press, Boston, MA (1990). xii + 547pp.

C. Coupry, "Les oeuvres d'art et les artistes à l'épreuve du laser," ("Works of Art and Artists Submitted to the Laser Test,”), Revue du Palais de la découverte 20 No.196 15-36 (1992).

C. Coupry, A. Lautié, and R. Perkinson, "Les Papiers Bleus: Identification des Colorants," ("Blue Papers: Identification of Dyes,”), Techne

No.4 99-107 (1996).

C. Coupry, A. Lautié, M. Revault, and J. Dufilho, "Contribution of Raman Spectroscopy to Art and History,” Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 No.1 89-94 (1994).

C. Coupry, G. Sagon, and A. Lautié, "Contribution par Spectrométrie Raman À La Connaissance Des Vitraux," ("Contribution to Studies of Stained-Glass Windows by Raman Spectroscopy,”), In Conservation Commune d'un Patrimoine Commun: 1er Colloque du Programme Franco-Allemand de Recherche sur la Conservation des Monuments Historiques, Karlsruhe, 24-25 Mars 1993, Programme franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments, Champs-sur-Marne (1993). pp.245-249.

S.L.F.A. Da Costa, S.M.L. Agostinho, H.C. Chagas, and J.C. Rubim, "Inhibiting Action of Benzotriazole on Copper Corrosion in Deaerated Sulfuric Acid Containing Ferric Ions by the Rotating Disc Electrode, Fluorescence, and Raman Spectroscopies," Corrosion 43 No.3 149-153 March (1987).

J.S. Dalton, P.A. Janes, N.G. Jones, J.A. Nicholson, K.R. Hallam, and G.C. Allen, "Photocatalytic Oxidation of NOx Gases Using TiO2: a Surface Spectroscopic Approach," In Understanding and Managing Stone Decay: Proceedings of the International Conference Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network (SWAPNET 2001), R. Prikryl and H.A. Viles, Editors, The Karolinum Press, Czech Republic (2002). pp.317-327.

A. Derbyshire and M. Wheeler, "Further Applications of Raman Microscopy in Paper Conservation," V & A Conservation Journal 40 13-15 (2002).

M. Diem, Introduction to Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy, John Wiley, New York (1993). 332pp.

J. Dunnwald and A. Otto, "An Investigation of Phase Transitions in Rust Layers Using Raman Spectroscopy," Corrosion Science 29 No.9 1167-1176 (1989).

J.R. Durig and J.F. Sullivan, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York (1990). xlii + 919pp.

H.G.M. Edwards, "Investigation of the Degradation Products of Archaeological Linens by Raman Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 51 No.8 1134-1138 August (1997).

H.G.M. Edwards, K.A.E. Edwards, D.W. Farwell, I.R. Lewis, and M.R. D. Seaward, "An Approach to Stone and Fresco Lichen Biodeterioration through Fourier Transform Raman Microscopic Investigation of Thallus-Substratum Encrustrations," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 No.1 99-103 (1994).

H.G.M. Edwards, D.W. Farwell, R. Jenkins, and M.R.D. Seaward, "Vibrational Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Dihydrate in Lichen Encrustations on Renaissance Frescoes," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 23 No.3 185-189 (1992).

H.G.M. Edwards, D.W. Farwell, and M.R.D. Seaward, "FT-Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Lichen Encrustations on Renaissance Frescoes," In Fourth International Conference: Non-Destructive Testing of Works of Art, Berlin, 3-8 October 1994, (1995). pp.743-752.

H.G.M. Edwards and M.R.D. Seaward, "Raman Spectroscopy and Lichen Biodeterioration," Spectroscopy Europe 5 No.1 16-20 (1993).

H.G.M Edwards and D.W. Farwell, "Ivory and Simulated Ivory Artifacts: Fourier Transform Raman Diagnostic Study," Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 51A No.12 2073-2081 (1995).

H.G.M. Edwards, D.W. Farwell, J.M. Holder, and E.E. Lawson, "Fourier Transform-Raman Spectroscopy of Ivory: A Non-Destructive Diagnostic Technique," Studies in Conservation 43 No.1 9-16 (1998).

H.G.M. Edwards, D.W. Farwell, T. Seddon, and J.K.F. Tait, "Scrimshaw: Real or Fake? A Fourier-Transform Raman Diagnostic Study," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 No.8-9 623-628 (1995).

H.G.M. Edwards, A.C. Farwell, A.C. Williams, B.W. Barry, and F. Rull, "Novel Spectroscopic Deconvolution Procedure for Complex Biological Systems: Vibrational Components in the FT-Raman Spectra of Ice-Man and Contemporary Skin," Journal of the Chemical Society. Faraday Transactions 91 No.21 3883-3887 (1995).

H.G.M. Edwards, A.C. Williams, and B.W. Barry, "Human Skin: a Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Iceman," Spectroscopy Europe 8 No.1 10-18 (1996).

H.G.M. Edwards, A.C. Williams, and D.W. Farwell, "Palaeodental Studies using FT-Raman Spectroscopy," Biospectroscopy 1 No.1 29-36 (1995).

J.R. Ferraro and K. Nakamoto, Introductory Raman Spectroscopy, Academic Press, Boston (1994). xi + 370pp.

S.K. Freeman, Applications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley Press, New York (1974). xi + 336pp.

E. Galbiati and G. Zerbi, "New Techniques of Vibrational Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Materials in the Work of Art: the Case of the Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci," In 2 nd International Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Microanalytical Methods and Environment Evaluation for Study and Conservation of Works of Art, Perugia 17-20 April 1988, Istituto Centrale

Per Il Restauro—Associazione Italiana Prove Non Distruttive, Editor, Istituto Centrale Per Il Restauro—Associazione Italiana Prove Non Distruttive, Rome, April (1988). pp. 6.1-6.17. D.J. Gardiner, "Raman Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 131R-135R (1978).

J.G. Grasselli, M.K. Snavely annd B.J. Bulkin, Chemical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1981). x + 198pp.

J.G. Grasselli and B.J. Bulkin, Editors, Analytical Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York (1991). xviii + 462pp.

P.H. Greaves, "Microscopy, Imaging, and Analysis," In Advances in Fibre Science, S.K. Mukhopadhyay, Editor, Textile Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom (1992). pp. 47-66.

V. Grosso, "Analysis of Ancient Paper and Ink," Role of Chemistry in Archaeology: 1 st international colloquium held in Hyderabad (India), 15-18 November 1991, M.C. Ganorkar and N. Rama Rao, Editors, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Hyderabad (1992). pp.67-75. V. Grosso, "Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Ancient Paper," In Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works on Paper: Proceedings of a Conference, Ottawa, Canada, October 3 to 7, 1988, H.D. Burgess, Editor, Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa (1994). pp.245-250.

B. Guineau and V. Guichard, "Identification de Colorants Organiques Naturels par Microspectrométrie Raman de Résonance et par Effet Raman Exalté de Surface (S.E.R.S.)" In ICOM Committee for Conservation: 8 th Triennial Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 6-11 September, 1987. Preprints, K. Grimstad, Editor, The Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey (1987) pp. 659-666.

P.J. Hendra and J.K. Agbenyega, The Raman Spectra of Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York (1993). 1 v. (loose-leaf).

P. Hendra, C. Jones, and G. Warnes, Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and Chemical Applications, Ellis Horwood Series In Analytical Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, New York (1991). 311pp.

S. Higuchi, T. Hamada, and Y. Gohshi, "Examination of the Photochemical Curing and Degradation of Oil Paints by Laser Raman Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 51 No.8 1218-1223 August (1997).

F.J. Hunter, J.G. McDonnell, A.M. Pollard, C.R. Morris, and C.C. Rowlands, "The Scientific Identification of Archaeological Jet-Like Artefacts," Archaeometry 35 No.1 69-89 (1993).

B.J. Kip, T. Berghmans, P. Palmen, A. van der Pol, M. Huys, H. Hartwig, M. Scheepers, Wienke, "On the Use of Recent Developments in Vibrational Spectroscopic Instrumentation in an Industrial Environment: Quicker, Smaller and More Robust," Vibrational Spectroscopy 24 No.1 75-92 (2000).

S. La Niece, F. Shearman, J. Taylor, and A. Simpson, "Polychromy and Egyptian Bronze: New Evidence for Artificial Coloration," Studies in Conservation 47 No.2 95-108 (2002).

L. Lang, J.E. Katon, J.F. O'Keefe, and D.W. Schiering, "The Identification of Fibers by Infrared and Raman Microspectroscopy," Microchemical Journal 34 319-331 (1986).

I.H. Leaver, R.E. Hester, and R.B. Girling, "Analytical Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in Wool Textile Research," Textile Research Journal 58 No.3 182-184 March (1988).

C. Leygraf and D. Thierry, "Combined in-situ Studies of Organic Corrosion Inhibiting Molecules on Copper by Means of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Ellipsometry and Electrochemical Techniques," In Scandanavian Corrosion Congress (10 th ). Proceedings (No. 50), Swedish Corrosion Institute, Stockholm (1986). pp.249-254.

D. Lin-Vien, The Handbook of Infared and Raman Characteristic Frequencies of Organic Molecules, Academic Press, Boston (1991). xvi + 503pp.

D.A. Long, Raman Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New York (1977). 305pp.

P.F. Lynch, C.W. Brown, and R. Heidersbach, "The use of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy to Study Corrosion Inhibitors on Metal Surfaces," Corrosion 39 No.9 357-363 (1983).

W.F. Maddams, "Polymer Characterization by Raman Spectroscopy," American Laboratory 18 No.3 59-64 (1986).

W.F. Maddams, "Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy," Analysis of Polymer Systems, Applied Science Publishers, London (1982). pp. 51-77.

A. Mairani, P. Matthaes, E. Pedemonte, E. Franceschi, and P. Piaggio, "The Use Of FT-Raman Spectroscopy For The Characterisation Of Painting Materials," Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 6 No.2 217-226 (1997).

C.L. Mak, Y.W. Wong, and W.N. Chan, "Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Determine the Strain-Level in Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)" Polymer Testing 17 No.6 451-458 (1998).

L. Mathieson and K.W. Nugent, "Raman Laser Microprobe Spectroscopy and the Analysis of Materials from Oil Paintings," AICCM Bulletin 21 No.2 3-11 (1996).

N. Meeks, "A Technical Study of Roman Bronze Mirrors," In Acta of the 12 th International Congress on Ancient Bronzes: Nijmegen 1992, S.T.A.M. Mols, A.M. Gerhartl-Witteveen, H. Kars, A. Koster, W.J.Th. Peters, W.J.H. Willems, Editor, Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten: NAR 18, Netherlands, Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek, Amersfoort, Netherlands, (1995). pp.179-193.

C.R. Moynehan, G.C. Allen, and E. Then, "Testing and Development of Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminium Artefacts," In ICOM Committee for Conservation, 11 th Triennial Meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-6 September 1996, Preprints, J. Bridgland, Editor, James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd., London (1996). pp.947-951.

E. Murad, "Identification of Minor Amounts of Anatase in Kaolins by Raman Spectroscopy," The American Mineralogist 82 No.1-2 203-206 January (1997).

K. Nakamoto, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Fourth Edition, Wiley, New York (1986). xi + 484pp.

R.L. Paul and P.J. Hendra, "Laser Raman spectroscopy in surface chemical problems," Minerals Science & Engineering July 171-185 (1976).

J. Russ, R.L. Palma, D.H. Loyd, D.W. Farwell, and H.G.M. Edwards, "Analysis of the Rock Accretions in the Lower Pecos Region of Southwest Texas," Geoarchaeology 10 No.1 43-63 (1995).

S. Scardova, P.P. Lottici, D. Bersani, G. Antonioli, G. Michiara, and C. Pezzani, "A Study of the External Coloration of Historic Buildings in Parma (Italy) and Surroundings by Micro-Raman Technique," Studies in Conservation 47 No.1 24-28 (2002).

R. Schrader, G. Baranovic, A. Epding, G.G. Hoffmann, P.J.M. Van Kan, S. Keller, P. Hildebrandt, C. Lehner, and J. Sawatzki, "Time-Resolved and Two-Dimensional NIR FT-Raman Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 47 No.9 1452-1456 (1993).

H.W. Siesler and K. Holland-Moritz, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers, Practical Spectroscopy v. 4, M. Dekker, New York (1980). viii + 389pp.

D.C. Smith, "Pigments Rouges et Bleus sur Cinq Oeuvres d'Amérique: Analyse Non Destructive par MRM (Microscopie Raman Mobile)" Techne: La Science au Service De l'Histoire de l'Art et des Civilizations No.11 68-83 (2002). G.D. Smith and R.J.H. Clark, "Raman Microscopy in Art History and Conservation Science," Reviews in Conservation No.2 92-106 (2002).

A.J. Somer and H. Leidheiser Jr. "Characterization Of Phosphate Conversion Coatings By Laser Raman Spectroscopy," In Microbeam Analysis

1984. Proceedings of the 19 th Annual Conference of the Microbeam Analysis Society, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 16-20 July 1984, A.D. Romig Jr. and J.I. Goldstein, Editors, San Francisco Press. Inc., San Francisco (1984). pp.111-114. T.J. Spiro, Biological Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York (1987-1988). 3 Volumes.

D.P. Strommen and K. Nakamoto, Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1984). viii + 138pp.

H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, "Raman Spectroscopy," In Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989). See Chapter 18.

R.J. Thibeau, C.W. Brown, and R.H. Heidersbach, "Raman Spectra of Possible Corrosion Products of Iron," Applied Spectroscopy 32 No.6 532-535 November (1978).

D. Thierry and C. Leygraf, "Simultaneous Raman Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Studies of Corrosion Inhibiting Molecules on Copper," Journal of the Electrochemical Society 132 No.5 1009-1014 May (1985).

J.H. Townsend, "Analysis of Pastel and Chalk Materials," The Paper Conservator 22 21-28 (1998).

A.T. Tu, Raman Spectroscopy in Biology, Wiley, New York (1982). xvi + 448pp.

P.D. Vasko, J. Blackwell, and J.L. Koenig, "Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Carbohydrates," Carbohydrate Research 19 297-310 (1971).

A. Wang, J. Han, L. Guo, J. Yu, and P. Zeng, "Database of Standard Raman Spectra of Minerals and Related Inorganic Crystals," Applied Spectroscopy 48 No.8 959-968 (1994).

C. Wang, B. Lu, J. Zuo, S. Zhang, S. Tan, M. Suzuki, and W.T. Chase, "Structural and Elemental Analysis on the Nanocrystalline SnO2 in the Surface of Ancient Chinese Black Mirrors," Nanostructured Materials 5 No.4 (1995) Pp.489-496

A.C. Williams, H.G.M. Edwards, and B.W. Barry, "The ‘Iceman,’: Molecular Structure of 5,200-Year-Old Skin Characterized by Raman Spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. International Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1246 No.1 98-105 (1995).

Note: See also Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy and Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

Raman Spectroscopy: Pigments

A. Banerjee, L. Nasdala, and A. Wähning, "Identifizierung von Violettem Fluorit in einer Spätgotischen Skulpturenfassung mit Hilfe der Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren 33, Gruppe 19. Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsmethoden No.2 243-246 (2002).

A. Barbet, C. Coupry, and A. Lautie, "Apport de la Spectrométrie Raman à la Caractérisation de Peintures Murales," ("Contribution of Raman Spectrometry to the Characterization of Mural Paintings,”), In Roman Wall Painting: Materials, Techniques, Analysis and Conservation. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Fribourg, 7-9 March 1996, Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Fribourg (1997). pp.257-268

S.P. Best, R.J.H. Clark, M.A.M. Daniels, C.A. Porter and R. Wittnall, “Identification by Raman Spectroscopy and Visible Reflectance Spectroscopy of Pigments on an Icelandic Manuscript,” Studies in Conservation 40 No. 1 31-40 (1995).

S. Bruni, F. Cariati, F. Casadio, and V. Guglielmi, "Micro-Raman identification of the palette of a precious XVI century illuminated Persian codex," Journal of Cultural Heritage 2 No.4 291-296 (2002).

L. Bussotti, E. Castellucci, and M. Matteini, "The Micro-Raman Technique in the Studies for the Conservation of Art Works: Identification of Lakes in Paints," Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 5 No.1 13-19 (1996).

L. Bussotti, M.P. Carboncini, E. Castellucci, L. Giuntini, P.A. Mandò, "Identification of Pigments in a Fourteenth-Century Miniature by Combined Micro-Raman and PIXE Spectroscopic Techniques," Studies in Conservation 42 No.2 83-92 (1997).

R.J. Capwell, F. Spagnolo, and M.A. Desesa, "A Rapid Determination of Low Concentrations of Anatase in Rutile Titanium Dioxide Pigments by Raman Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 26 No.5 537-539 (1972).

Y. Chryssoulakis and C. Panayiotou, "Identification of Pigments in a Post-Byzantine Mural Painting by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy," Revue d'Archéométrie No.21 97-101 (1997).

R.J.H. Clark, "Pigment Identification on Medieval Manuscripts by Raman Microscopy,” Journal of Molecular Structure 347 417-427 (1995).

R.J.H. Clark, L. Cridland, B.M. Kariuki, K.D.M. Harris, R. Withnall, "Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Raman Spectroscopy of the Inorganic Pigments Lead Tin Yellow Types I and II and Lead Antimonate Yellow: Their Identification on Medieval Paintings and Manuscripts," Journal of the Chemical Society. Dalton transactions No.16 2577-2582 (1995).

R.J.H. Clark and P.J. Gibbs, “Identification of Lead (II) Sulfide and Pararealgar on a 13th Century Manuscipt by Raman Microscopy,” Chemical Communications 1997 1003-1004.

R.J.H. Clark and K. Huxley, "Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Pigments on a Large Illuminated Qur'an Circa Thirteenth Century,” Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 5 No.2 95-101 (1996).

C. Coupry, J. Le Marec, J. Corset, A. Duval, Ch. Lahanier, J.P. Rioux, M.C. Papillon, and R. Lefèvre, "Analyses de Pigments Blancs Appliquées à L'Étude Chronologique des Peintures de Chevalet - Blanc de Titane," (Analyses of white pigments and their applications to the chronological study of easel paintings - Titanium white), In ICOM Committee for Conservation: 8 th Triennial Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 6-11 September, 1987. Preprints, K. Grimstad, Editor, The Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey (1987). pp.25-32.

C. Coupry, "Apports Et Limites De L'analyse Des Pigments Colorés Par La Méthode De Spectroscopie Raman," (Contributions and Limits of Colored Pigment Analysis Using the Raman Spectroscopy Method), In Enduits et Mortiers: Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne, C. Sapin, Editor, Dossier de Documentation Archéologique 15, Editions du CNRS, Presses du CNRS, Paris (1991). pp.93-97. C. Coupry, "Apports Spécifiques de la Spectrométrie Raman à l'Étude de la Matière Picturale Égyptienne," ("Specific Contributions of Raman Spectroscopy to the Study of Egyptian Painting Materials,”), In La Couleur dans la Peinture et l'Émaillage de l'Egypte Ancienne: Actes de la Table Ronde, Ravello, 20-22 Mars 1997, Scienze e Materiali del Patrimonio Culturale 4, Edipuglia, Bari (1998). pp.77-85.

R. Davey, D.J. Gardiner, B.W. Singer, and M. Spokes, "Examples of Analysis of Pigments from Fine Art Objects by Raman Microscopy," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 No.1 53-57 (1994).

D. L. A. de Faria, V. Silva, and T. de Oliveira, "Raman Microspectroscopy of some Iron Oxides and Oxyhydroxides," Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 28 No.11 873-878 (1997).

A. Derbyshire and R. Withnall, "Non-Destructive Pigment Analysis Using Raman Microscopy," V & A Conservation Journal 30 9-13 (1999).

E. Devezeaux de Lavergne, O. Diarte, and P. Van Huong, "Caractérisation de Pigments Picturaux d'une Enluminure Médiévale par Microspectrométrie Raman," In Pigments et Colorants de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Age, Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris (1990). pp.143-152.

H.G.M. Edwards, C.J. Brooke, and J.K.F. Tait, "Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopic Study of Pigments from English Wall Paintings," Journal of

Raman Spectroscopy 28 95-98 (1997).

B. Guineau, "Analyse Non-Destructive des Pigments par Microsande Raman Laser: Exemples de l'Azurite et de la Malachite," Studies in Conservation 29 No.1 35-41 February (1984).

B. Guineau, “Non-destructive Analysis of Organic Pigments and Dyes Using Raman Microprobe, Microfluorometer or Absorption Microspectrophotometer,” Studies in Conservation 34 No. 1 38-44 (1989).

E.D. de Lavergne, O. Diarte, and P. Van Huong, "Caractérisation de Pigments Picturaux d'une Enluminure Médiévale par Microspectrométrie Raman," Pigments et Colorants de L'antiquité et du Moyen Age: Teinture, Peinture, Enluminure, Études Historiques et Physico-Chimiques: Colloque International du CNRS, Département des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, Département de la Chimie, Editions du CNRS, Paris (1990). pp.143-152.

F. Magistro, D. Majolino, P. Migliardo, R. Ponterio, and M.T. Rodriquez, "Confocal Raman Spectroscopic Study of Painted Medieval Manuscripts," Journal of Cultural Heritage 2 No.3 191-198 (2002).

Manzaneda M.J., J.M. Yufera, S. Ruiz-Moreno, M.J. Soneira, P. Morillo, and M. Breitman, "Raman Spectroscopy for Pigment Analysis," In Lacona I: Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, Workshop, 4-6 October 1995, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Mayer & Comp., Wien (1997). pp.61-67

C. Porter, "Laser Raman Spectroscopy - A Tool for Non-Destructive Pigment Analysis of Manuscripts," The Paper Conservator 16 93-97 (1992).

E. Sanz, J.M. de la Roja, V.G. Baonza, L. Polo Diez, and M. San Andrés, "Análisis de Pigmentos por Microscopía Raman: Espectros Raman de Referencia de Algunos Pigmentos de Interés Artístico," PH: Boletín del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico 10 No.38 71-78 (2002).

R. Withnall, R.J.H. Clark, C.J. Cooksey, and M.A.M. Daniels, "Non-Destructive, in situ Identification of Indigo/Woad and Shellfish Purple by Raman Microscopy and Visible Reflectance Spectroscopy," Dyes In History and Archaeology No.11 19-24 (1992).

Scanning Electron Microscopy

V.C. Barber, "SEM and X-ray Microanalysis of Artifacts Retrieved from Archaeological Excavations in Newfoundland," Scanning Electron Microscopy II 885-891 (1979).

R. Cecchi, G. Tampone and S. Vannucci, "Richerche sulla Degradazione dell Pietre: VII. Effetti delle Techniche di Rifinitura sulla Pietra Serena Fiorentina," Bolletino Deglie Ingegneri No.1 3-22 (1978).

V.J. Coates and N. Brenner, "Resolution in Scanning Electron Microscopes," Research/Development 24 No.6 32-34 (1973).

S.L. Flegler, J.W. Heckman, and K.L. Klomparens, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy: an Introduction, W.H. Freeman, New York (1993). viii + 225pp.

P.E. Grattan-Bellew, E.G. Quinn and P.J. Sereda, "Reliability of Scanning ELectron Microscopy Information," Cement and Concrete Research 8 No.3 333-342 (1978).

A.J. Gwinnet and L. Gorelick, "Inlayed Teeth of Ancient Mayans: A Tribological Study Using SEM," Scanning Electron Microscopy II 575-580 (1979).

P.K. Hansma, V.B. Elings, O. Marti and C.E. Bracker, "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: Application to Biology and Technology," Science 242 209-216 (1988).

M. Hey, "The Use of the Scanning Electron Microscope in Document Restoration Problems," Restaurator 1 No.4 233-244 (1970).

W.G. Hyzer, "Microscopy-Optical and/or SEM," Research/Development 23 No.6 51-52, 54 (1972).

O. Johari, Editor, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Inc., O'Hare, Illinois (1978). 2 Volumes.

W. Kuypers and J.C. Tiemeijer, "The Philips PSEM 500 Scanning Electron Microscope," Norelco Reporter 23 No.1 15-26 (1976).

S.Z. Lewin and A.E. Charola, "Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Diagnosis of "Diseased,” Stone," Scanning Electron Microscopy I 695-704 (1978).

L.E. Murr, Electron and Ion Microscopy and Microanalysis, Second Edition, M. Dekker, New York (1991). xiv + 837pp.

C.H. Pameijer, "Replication Techniques with New Dental Impression Materials in Combination with Different Negative Impression Materials," Scanning Electron Microscopy II 51-54 (1979).

P.R. Thornton, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Chapman and Hall, London (1968). xv + 368pp.

E. Treiber, "Use of the Scanning Electron Microscope in Fiber Research," Lenzinger Berichte No. 39 12-18 (1975). In German.

M. von Ardenne, "Die Grenzen für das Auflösungsvermögen des Elektronenmikroskops," Zeitschrift für Physik 108 338-352 (1937).

M. von Ardenne, "Das Elektronen - Rastermikroskop: Theoretische Grundlagen," Zeitschrift für Physik 109 553-572 (1938).

B. Volbert, "Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy and its Applications," Electon Optics Reporter 31 No.1EM 44-53 (1984).

U. Zorll, "Determination of Concentration and Distribution of Pigments in Paint Films with Scanning Electron Microscopy," Deutsche Farbenzeitschrift 32 No. 32 118-122 (1978). In German.

Spectroscopy: General References

A.D. Baker. M.A. Brisk and D.C. Liotta, "Electron Spectroscopy: Ultraviolet and X-ray Excitation," Analytical Chemistry 50 No. 5 328R-346R (1978).

J.W. Cooper, Spectroscopic Techniques for Organic Chemists, Wiley-Interscience, Somerset, NJ (1980). xv + 376pp.

J.A. Howell and L.G. Hargis, "Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 243R-261R (1978).

J.P. Malone, S.D. Raines and T.M. Tuzzeo, "How Good is Your Spectrophotometer?" Industrial Research/Development 20 No.8 59-63 (1978).

L. May, Editor, Spectroscopic Tricks, Volumes 1-3, Plenum Press, New York (1967).

J.W. Robinson, Atomic Spectroscopy, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1990). 448pp.

R.A. Sawyer, Experimental Spectroscopy, Third Edition, Dover, NY (1963). x + 358pp.

H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989). xxiii + 1210pp.

D.H. Whiffen, Spectroscopy, Longmans, London (1966). vii + 205pp.

Note: See also Emission Spectroscopy, General Instrumental Analysis References, Infrared Spectroscopy and Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

J. Aitchison, The Statistical Analysis of Compositional Data, Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, Chapman and Hall, New York (1986). xv + 416pp.

M. Attas, J.M. Fossey, and L. Yaffee, "Provenance-Group Formation Using a General-Purpose Statistical Analysis Package," Advances in Computer Archaeology 2 1-30 (1985).

N.S. Baer and S.M. Berman, "An Evaluation of the Statistical Significance of Hudson's Acidity Data for 17th and 18th Century Books in Two Libraries," Restaurator 7 No.3 119-124 (1986).

J. Balland M.E. Young, "Mapping the Decay and Weathering of Stone: a Technique for the Assessment of Large Numbers of Buildings "In New Millennium Internaional Forum on Conservation of Cultural Property, December 5-8, 2000, Institute of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, Kongiu (2000). pp.134-147

M.J. Baxter, "Principal Component and Correspondence Analyses of Glass Compositions: an Empirical Study," Archaeometry 33 29-41 (1991).

M.J. Baxter, "Statistical Analysis of Chemical Compositional Data and the Comparison of Analyses," Archaeometry 34 No.2 267-277 (1992).

T. Beier and H. Mommsen, "Modified Mahalanobis Filters for Grouping Pottery by Chemical Composition," Archaeometry 36 No.2 287-306 (1994).

S.M. Berman, The Elements of Probability, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1969). xiii + 224pp.

S.M. Berman, Mathematical Statistics: An Introduction Based on the Normal Distribution, Intext (1971).

S.M. Berman, Calculus for the Nonphysical Sciences with Matrices, Probability and Statistics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1974). xvi + 656pp.

R. Bowman, A.M. Friedman, J. Lerver, and J. Milsted, "A Statistical Study of the Impurity Occurrences in Copper Ores and their Relationship to Ore Types," Archaeometry 17 No.2 157-163 (1975).

J. Bradley and M. Fletcher, "A Simple, Statistically Based Method for the Analysis of Ground Probing Radar Data," In Imaging the Past: Electronic Imaging and Computer Graphics in Museums and Archaeology, T. Higgins, P. Main, and J. Lang, Editors, Occasional Papers (British Museum) 114, British Museum, London, United Kingdom (1996). pp.57-72

G.F. Carter, and R.R. Powell, "The chronology of groups of dies for large issues of ancient coins using Mahalanobis distances," Archaeometry 36 No.2 277-286 (1994).

A.L. Christenson, "On the Virtues of Simplicity: Some Comments on Statistical Analysis in Anthropology," Plains Anthropologist, Journal of the Plains Conference 35-38 (1979).

W.E. Craker and G.M. Deighton, "Application of Statistical Methods to the Subjective Comparison of Coatings," Journal of Coatings Technology 53 No.679 55-64 (1981).

C. Crossen, Tainted Truth: The Manipulation of the Fact in America, Simon & Schuster, New York (1994). 272pp.

O.L. Davies, Editor, Statistical Methods in Research and Production, Hafner Publishing, New York (1961). 396pp.

R. DeCandido, "Statistical Methodologies for Preservation," The New Library Scene 14 No.5 9-10 (1995).

N. Fleller, and S. O'Neill, "Orientations of Bronze Age Houses: Statistical Analysis of Directional Data," In Computer Applications in Archaeology , University of London, Institute of Archaeology, London (1982). pp.172-181.

E. Fothi and A. Fothi, "Systematic Cluster Analysis for the Grouping of Anthropological Series," Anthropologie: Venoveno Fysicke Historicke a Ethnicke Anthropolgii 30 No.1 1-4 (1992).

J.E. Freund, Modern Elementary Statistics, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1967). 432pp.

F.R. Hodson, "Searching for Structure within Multivariate Archaeological Data," World Archaeology 1 No.1 June 90-105 (1969).

P.K. Hopke, R.C. Martin, and M.A. Evins, "The Interpretation of Multielemental INAA Data Using Pattern Recognition Methods," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles 112 No.1 215-222 (1987).

S. Keene, Statistical Analysis of the Museum of London Collections Condition Audit Data : Report on a Research Project Funded by the Office of Arts and Libraries, Museum of London Conservation Department Research Report, Museum of London, Conservation Dept, London (1992). 1 volume (various pagings).

P. Klein, "Dendrochronologische Untersuchungen und Holzartenbestimmungen an Gemäldetafeln," In Gemälde auf Holz und Metall, Restauratorenblätter; Band 19, Mayer & Comp., Wien (1999). pp.29-36

R.R. Laxton, W.G. Cavanagh, C.D. Litton, C.E. Buck, and R.D. Blair, "The Bayesian approach to archaeological data analysis: an application of change-point analysis to prehistoric domes," Archeologia e Calcolatori No.5 53-68 (1994).

M.N. Leese and P.L. Main, "The Efficient Computation of Unbiased Mahalanobis Distances and their Interpretation in Archaeometry," Archaeometry 36 No.2 307-316 (1994).

C.D. Litton and H.J. Zainodin, "Statistical Models of Dendrochronology," Journal of Archaeological Science 18 No.4 429-440 July (1991).

B.M. Lynch and R. Donahue, "A Statistical Analysis of Two Rock-Art Sites in Northwest Kenya," Journal of Field Archaeology 7 No.1 75-85 (1980).

B.F.J. Manly, "The Statistical Analysis of Artefacts in Graves: Presence and Absence Data," Journal of archaeological science 23 473-484 (1996).

J. Marco, J. Artajona, M.S. Larrechi, and F.X. Rius, "Relationship between Geographical Origin and Chemical Composition of Wood for Oak Barrels," American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 45 No.2 192-200 (1994).

P.C. Meien and R.E. Zund, Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley, New York (1993). 352pp.

M. Moreno-Garcia, C. Orton, J. Rackham, "A New Statistical Tool for Comparing Animal Bone Assemblages," Journal of Archaeological Science 23 437-453 (1996).

H.F. Pop, D. Dumitrescu, and C. Sarbu, "A Study of Roman Pottery (Terra Sigillata) Using Hierarchical Fuzzy Clustering," Analytica Chimica Acta 310 No.2 269-279 (1995).

T.J. Reedy and C.L. Reedy, "Statistical Analysis in Conservation Science," Archaeometry 36 No.1 1-23 (1994).

T.J. Reedy and C.L. Reedy, Statistical Analysis in Art Conservation Research, Research in Conservation 1 Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey (1988). 107pp. T.J. Reedy and C.L. Reedy, "Statistical Analysis of Lead Isotope Data in Provenance Studies," In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II: Symposium Held April 17-21, 1990, San Francisco, California, USA, P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik, and G.S. Wheeler, Editors, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1991). pp.39-48.

T.J. Reedy and C.L. Reedy, Principles of Experimental Design for Art Conservation Research, GCI Scientific Program report, Getty Conservation Institute; University of Delaware. Art Conservation Program, Marina del Rey (1992). iv + 114pp.

M. Roaf and J. Galbraith, "Pottery and p-values: 'Seafaring Merchants of Ur?' Re-examined," Antiquity 68 No.261 770-783 (1994).

G.T. Schwartz, "Dating Roman Masonry by Statistical Analysis (Teichography)" Archaeometry 7 63-66 (1964).

I. Scollar, "Does the Computer Improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio on the Connection between Archaeologists and Archaeometrists?" In Future Directions in Archaeometry: a Round Table, J.S. Olin, Editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington (1982). pp.55-58.

M. Stefanaggi, I. Dangas, A. Morineau, and M-P. Bayol, "Study on the Causes of Alteration of Wall Paintings on Experimental Walls by Multidimensional Statistical Analysis," In Conservation Of Architectural Surfaces: Stones And Wall Covering. International Workshop, Venice, 12-14 March 1992, Il Cardo, Venezia (1993). pp.43-60.

H.A. Strobel and W.R. Heineman, "Statistical Control of Measurement Quality," In Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989). Chapter 10.

M. Valcárel and Angel Ríos, "The Hierarchy and Relationships of Analytical Properties," Analytical Chemistry 65 No.18 781A-787A (1993).

C. Vieillescazes, J-L. Larice, and S. Coen, "Ancient Resinous Substances Characterization, an Approach by Principal Component Analysis," Analytica Chimica Acta 317 No.1-3 65-73 (1995).

V. Vitali and U.M. Franklin, "An Approach to the Use of Packaged Statistical Progams for Cluster, Classification, and Discriminant Analysis of Trace Element Data," Geoarchaeology 1 No.2 195-201 (1986).

E. Webb, "Problems in the Use of the Cumulative Frequency Graph for the Comparison of Lithic Assemblages," In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Archaeometry and Archaeological Prospection, Bonn, 14-17 March 1978; Archaeo-Physika, Band 10, Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn, Rheinland-Verlag GmbH, Köln (1980). pp.617-636.

C.T.Yap and Y. Hua, "Provenance Study of Famous Chinese Greenware Bodies Using Principal Component Analysis," In Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. A, Journal of Physical Sciences 49 No.7-8 759-766 (1994).

Thermal Analysis

M.L. Amadori, B. Fabbri, and S. Gualtieri, "Alteration Forms in Majolica Tiles from the Church of Piattelletti in Fano (Central Italy)" In Metodi Chimici, Fisici e Biologici per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali: 20° Congresso Nazionale, Roma, 18 Dicembre 1998. Atti del Workshop, Abaco Edizioni, Roma (2001). pp.75-81

Anon., International Seminar on Materials and Thermal Properties in Cultural Heritage: Book of Abstracts, Università degli Studi "La Sapienza,,” Roma (1996). Various pagings.

J.C. Arthur, "Properties of Graft and Block Copolymers of Fibrous Cellulose," Advances in Chemistry Series 99 321-339 (1971).

H.E. Bair, "Quantitative Thermal Analysis of Polyblends," Polymer Engineering and Science 10 No.4 247-250 July (1970).

K.F. Baker, "Determination of Moisture in Effervescent Tablets," Thermal Analysis Application Brief TA-51 Wilmington, Delaware, E.I. DuPont (undated). 2pp.

P. Bataille and B.T. Van, "Mechanism of Thermal Degradation of Poly(vinyl Acetate)" Journal of Thermal Analysis 8 No.1 141-153 (1975).

F.C. Beall and H.W. Eickner, Thermal Degradation of Wood Components: a Review of the Literature, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison May (1970). 26pp.

W. Berger, C. Otto, K.D. Ahlers, and D. Kuprat, "Testing the Thermostabilization of Polyamide 6," Faserforschung und Textiltechnik 23 No.12 512-518 (1972).

R.L. Blaine, "Oxidative Stability of Oils and Greases," DuPont Thermal Analysis Application Brief TA 41 (undated). 2pp.

R.E. Boy, R.M. Schulken, and J.W. Tamblyn, "Crystallinity in Secondary Cellulose Esters," Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 2453-2465 (1967).

F. Branda, F. Arcobello, M. Vandini, and C. Piccioli, "Characterization of Glassy Fragment from the Ninfeo of Punta Epitaffio in Baia," In Metodi Chimici, Fisici e Biologici per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali: 20° Congresso Nazionale, Roma, 18 Dicembre 1998. Atti del Workshop, Abaco Edizioni, Roma (2001). pp.56-62

W.P. Brennan, "Characterization and Quality Control of Engineering Thermoplastics by Thermal Analysis," Thermal Analysis Application Study 22 1-16 August (1977).

W.P. Brennan, "Characterization of Polyethylene Films by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," Thermal Analysis Replication Study No.24 Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Connecticut (1978). 8pp.

W.P. Brennan, "Tg and copolymers," Thermal Analysis Application Study 14 1-10 May (1974).

M.E. Brown, Introduction to Thermal Analysis: Techniques and Applications, Chapman and Hall, New York (1988). viii + 211pp.

D.C. Bugada and A. Rudin, "Characterization of Poly(vinyl Alcohol-Acetate) by C N.M.R. and Thermal Analyses," Polymer 25 No.12 1759-1766 (1984).

K.E. Cabradilla and S.H. Zeronian, "Effect of Changes in Supramolecular Structure on the Thermal Properties and Pyrolysis of Cellulose," In

Modified Cellulosics, R.M. Rowell and R.A. Young, Editors, Academic Press, New York (1978). pp.321-340.

T.A. Calamari, D.J. Donaldson, and J.V. Beninate "The Effect of Added Wool on the Thermal Degradation of Cotton/Wool Blends as Measured by Thermal Analysis," American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers No.4 (1986).

D. Campbell and J.R. White, Polymer Characterization. Physical Techniques, Chapman and Hall, New York (1989). viii + 362 pp.

G.W. Carriveau, "The Examination and Analysis of Oriental Lacquer," In Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art. Proceedings of the Seminar: September 7-9, 1983, P.A. England and L. Van Zelst, Editors, Museum of Fine Arts. The Research Laboratory, Boston (1985). p.125

B. Cassel, "Characterization of Thermosets," Perkins-Elmer Thermal Analysis Application Study No. 19 (1977). 9pp.

B. Cassel, "Polymer Testing by TMA," Perkin-Elmer Thermal Analysis Application Study No.20 (1977). 7pp.

J. Chiu, "Applications of Thermogravimetry to the Study of High Polymers," Proceedings of the Applied Polymer Symposia No.2 (1966). pp. 25-43. (Also, DuPont Instruments Reprint No. RL-48).

Corporate Author, "Dynamics and Morphology of Wax-Copolymer Blends," TAPPI 54 No.8 1289-1292 (1971).

J.P. Creedon, "Quality Control of Polymers," Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Allied Spectroscopy (1970). 11pp. (offprint)

J.P. Creedon, "The Correlation of TMA Data with ASTM Modulus Data," DuPont Instruments Thermal Analysis Application Brief TA 37 (undated). 2pp.

J.S. Crighton and W.M. Findon, "Thermoanalytical Study of Treated Wools," Journal of Thermal Analysis 11 No.2 305-321 (1977).

J.S. Crighton, W.M. Findon, and F. Happey, "Application of thermoanalytical methods in the study of keratin and related proteins," Applied Polymer Symposia 18 No.2 847-856 (1971).

J.S. Crighton and F. Happey, "Differential Thermal Analysis of Keratin and Related Protein Fibres," In Symposium on Fibrous Proteins, Plenum Press, New York (1968). Pp. 409-420

W.A. Cruickshank, A Comparative Investigation of Two Polycyclohexanone Resins: Ketone Resin N and Laropal K80, Queen's University (Kingston Ont.), Master of Art Conservation Research Report 95, Queen's University, Kingston (1985). vi + 97pp.

T.C. Daniels, Thermal Analysis, Wiley, New York (1973). 272pp.

J.W. Dodd and K.H. Tonge, Thermal Methods: Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1987). 337pp.

A.L. Draper and L.K. Sveum, "The Analysis of Thermal Data," Thermochimica Acta 1 345-365 (1970).

E.I. DuPont, "Polymer Quality Control," Thermal Analysis Application Brief No.2 August 25, 1967, 5pp.

E.I. DuPont, "Moisture Determination by TGA," Thermal Analysis Application Brief, No.19, March 15, 1968, 3pp.

E.I. DuPont, "Characterization of Expandable Polystyrene by Thermal Analysis," Thermal Analysis Apllication Brief No. 23, November 8, 1968, 5pp.

E.I. DuPont, "Determination of Purity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," Thermal Analysis Application Brieg No. 900B35, February 1973, 4pp.

A.A. Duswalt, "Thermal Analysis Study of Paper Permanence," In Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value, J.C. Williams, Editor, American Chemical Society, Washington (1977). pp.352-361.

T.S. Ellis and F.E. Karasz, "Interaction of Epoxy Resins with Water: the Depression of Glass Transition Temperature," Polymer 25 No.5 664-669 May (1984).

P.D. Garn, Thermoanalytical Methods of Investigation, Academic Press, New York (1965). xvi + 606pp.

P.D. Garn, O. Menis, and H.G. Weidemann, "Reference Materials for Thermogravimetry," Journal of Thermal Analysis 20 185-204 (1981).

N. Grassie and J.D. Fortune, "Thermal Degradation of Copolymers of Methyl Methacrylate and n-butyl Acrylate. 1. Thermal Analysis," Die Makromolekulare Chemie 162 93-101 (1972).

N. Grassie, I.C. McNeill, and J.N.R. Samson, "The Thermal Degradation of Polymethacrylamide and Copolymers of Methacrylamide and Methyl Methacrylate," European Polymer Journal 14 No.11 931-937 (1978).

N. Grassie, A. Scotney, and L. Mackinnon, "Observation of the Photothermal Degradation of Polymethacrylates by Using Thermal Volatilization Analysis," Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 No.1 251-254 (1977).

N. Grassie, "Application of Some Modern Analytical Techniques to Thermal Degradation

Studies," British Polymer Journal 16 No.4 244-252 December (1984).

P.H. Greaves, "Fibre content testing," Wool Science Review 68 1-24 (1992).

A.R. Haly and J.W. Snaith, "Differential Thermal Analysis of Wool: the Phase-Transition Endotherm Under Various Conditions," Textile Research Journal 37 898-907 (1967).

R.L. Hassel, "Determination of Moisture in Acrylonitrile/ Butadiene/Styrene Polymer," DuPont Thermal Analysis Application Brief TA 52 (Undated). 2pp.

R.L. Hebert, M. Tryon, and W.K. Wilson, "Differential Thermal Analysis a Some Papers and Carbohydrate Materials," TAPPI 52 No.6 1183-1188 June (1969).

R.L. Hebert, M. Tryon, and W.K. Wilson, "Differential Analysis of Some Papers and Carbohydrate Materials," TAPPI 52 No.6 1183-1188 June (1969).

R.M. Holsworth, "Application of Thermal Methods of Analysis to Organic Coatings and Related Materials, " Journal of Paint Technology 41 No. 530 167-178 (1969).

G. von Hornuff and G. Müller, Contributions to the Thermal Analysis of Cellulose Fibers, S.N., S.l. July (1973). 29pp.

Textile Institute, Identification of Textile Materials, Vol. 5, The Textile Institute, Manchester (1967) 203pp.

E. Iliescu and R. Zeidman, "Study of the Natural Impurities in Cotton by Differential Thermal Analysis," Industria Textila 24 No.4 207-211 (1973).

International Confederation for Thermal Analysis, Thermal Analysis Reviews and Abstracts, London: (Interscience Communications) Interscience Communications (1989).

R.K. Jain, K. Lal, H.L. Bhatnagar, "Thermal Degradation of Cellulose and its Esters in Air," Indian Journal of Textile Research 7 49-55 June (1982).

L.A. Kanis, F.C. Viel, J.S. Crespo, J.R. Bertolino, and A.T.N. Pires, and V. Soldi, "Study of Poly(ethylene Oxide)/Carbopol Blends through Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy," Polymer 41 No.9 3303-3309 January (2000).

R. Karimian, "Thermal Analysis Study of the Degradation of Gum Tragacanth," In European Symposium on Thermal Analysis (2nd). Proceedings, (1981). pp.211-214.

B. Ke, "Characterization of Polyolefins by Differential Thermal Analysis," Journal of Polymer Science.42 15-23 (1960).

Z.B. Komarova, "Use of Diffrential Thermal Analysis for Determining the Heat Resistance of Cellulose Acetate," Khimicheskie Volokna 15 No.3 67-68 (1973).

V.K. Kulshrestha, "Differential Thermal Studies of Plant Gums," Journal of Polymer Science 58 791-808 (1962).

P.F. Levy, "Thermal Analysis: An Overview," American Laboratory 2 January, 1970. Dupont Instruments Reprint RL-32, 10pp.

R.C. MacKenzie, Editor, The Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays, Central Press, Aberdeen, Scotland (1966 Reprint with corrections of 1957 Edition). xii + 456pp.

R.C. Mackenzie, Differential Thermal Analysis, Academic Press, New York (1970). 2 v.

E.E. Marti, "Purity Determination by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," Thermochimica Acta 5 173-220 (1972). (offprint).

W.J. Miller, "The Measurement of Fatty Solids by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 46 No.7 341-343 (1969).

R.M. Perkins, G.L. Drake, Jr., and W.A. Reeves, "DTA and TGA Studies of Flame-resistant Fabrics," Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966). DuPont Instruments Reprint No. RL-21.

M. Mauro, G.G.T. Guarini, and L. Dei, "A Thermal Method for Quantitative Determination of Potassium Nitrate in Wall Paintings," Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 6 No.1 35-41 January (2000).

C.W. McGlinchey, "Thermal Analysis of Fresh and Mature Oil Paint Films: The Effect of Pigments as Driers and the Solvent Leaching of Mature Paint Films," In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II: Symposium held April 17-21, 1990, San Francisco, California, USA, P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik, and G.S. Wheeler, Editors, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1991). pp.93-103.

B. Miller, Thermal Analysis: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Thermal Analysis, Wiley, New York (1982). 2 vols., xxvii + 1530pp.

B.D. Mitchell, A.C. Birnie, and J.K. Syers, "The Thermal Analysis of Lichens Growing on Limestone," Analyst 91 783-789 December (1966).

J. Mitchell Jr. anf J. Chiu, "Analysis of High Polymers," Analytical Chemistry 41 248-298 (1969).

G. Müller, "Investigations on Cellulose Fiber Materials by Differential Thermal Analysis," Wiss. Z. Tech. University of Dresden 20 No.3 699-705 (1971).

B.W. Müller, "Voraussage und Nachweis von Inkompatibilitäten mit Hilfe der Differentialthermoanalyse, Dargestellt an Zubereitungen mit Polyäthylenglykolen," Acta Pharmaceutica Technologica 23 No.4 257-266 (1977).

C.B. Murphy, "Thermal Analysis," Analytical Chemistry 36 No.5 347-354 April (1964).

M. Odlyha and A. Burmester, "Preliminary Investigations of the Binding Media of Paintings by Differential Thermal Analysis," Journal of Thermal Analysis 33 No.4 1041-1052 (1988).

M. Odlyha and A. Burmester, "A Study of the Binding Media of Paintings by Differential Thermal Analysis (Summary Only)," In Workbook; Fourth European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ESTAC-4, B. Wilhelmi, Editor, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena (1987) p.2

M. Odlyha, "A Novel Approach to the Problem of Characterizing the Binding Media in Early Italian Paintings (13th/16th Century)," In ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 26-31 August 1990: Preprints, K. Grimstad, Editor, ICOM Committee for Conservation, Paris (1990). pp.57-61

M. Odlyha, Preservation of Cultural Heritage : The Application of Thermal Analysis and Other Advanced Analytical Techniques to Cultural Objects - Special Issue, Thermochimica acta, Elsevier, Amsterdam January (2000). 204pp.

M. Oosterbroek, R.J. Lammers, L.G.J. van der Ven, and D.Y. Perera, "Crack formation and stress development in an organic coating," Journal of Coatings Technology 63 No.797 55-60 June (1991).

T. Ozawa, "Kinetic Analysis of Derivative Curves in Thermal Analysis," Journal of Thermal Analysis 2 301-324 (1970).

E.J. Parks, "Thermal Analysis of Modified Cellulose," TAPPI 54 No.4 537-544 April (1971).

G.A. Petropavlovskii, G.M. Mikhailov, and G.G. Vasil'Eva, "Characteristics of Differential Thermograms of Cellulose," Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 6 No.6 617-626 (1972).

F. Preusser, "Study of Works of Art and Culture by Differential Thermal Analysis. I. Age Determination of Oil Paintings," Journal of Thermal Analysis 16 No.2 277-213 (1979).

F. Preusser, "Differential Thermal Studies of Painting Materials," In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Archaeometry and Archaeological Prospection, Bonn, 14-17 March 1978; Archaeo-Physika, Band 10, Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn, Rheinland-Verlag GmbH, Köln (1979). p.259

F. Preusser, Differential Thermal Analysis: A New Method Used in the Examination of Paintings, Secretary of State, Multilingual Services Division, Translation Bureau, Ottawa, Canada May (1984) 16 pp.

F. Preuszer, "Differential Thermal Analysis of Paint Samples," In ICOM Committee for Conservation. 5th Triennial Meeting, Zagreb, 1 - 8 Oct. 1978. Preprints, International Council of Museums, Paris October (1978). pp.4

J. Robredo, "Application of Differential Thermal Analysis to Glass Technology and Research," Verres Refract 21 No.6 539-549 (n.d.).

I.M. Sarasohn, "Thermoanalytical Instrumentation: Differential Thermometry," DuPont Instruments Reprint RL-20 (undated).

E. Schaffer, "Thermal Analysis Study of the Deterioration of Ethnographic Caribou Sinew and Suggested Treatment," ICOM Committee for Conservation; 4th Triennial Meeting, Venice; Preprint, International Council of Museums, Paris (October 1975)

E. Schaffer, "Thermal Analysis of the Deterioration of Ethnographic Caribou Sinew and Suggested Treatment," In ICOM Committee for Conservation. 4th Triennial Meeting, Venice, 13-18 October. Preprints, ICOM, Paris (1975). p. 15.

R.F. Schwenker Jr., "Application of Differential Thermal Analysis and Dynamic Thermogravimetric Analysis in Textile Research," American Dyestuff Reporter 53 817-826 (1964).

M.Z. Sefain, S.F. El-Kalyoubi, and N. Shukry, "Thermal Behaviour of Holo- and Hemi-Cellulose Obtained from Rice Straw and Hagasse," Journal of Polymer Science-Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 No.5 1569-1577 (1985).

F. Shafizadeh and A.G.W. Bradbury, "Thermal Degradation of Cellulose in Air and Nitrogen at Low Temperatures," Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 No.5 1431-1442 (1979).

W.J. Smothers and Y. Chiang, editors, Differential Thermal Analysis, Chemical Publishing Co., New York (1958). 444pp.

D. Stajkowska. "Modern Methods of Study of Fibers," Pr. Zakresu Towarozn. Chem., Wyzsza Szk. Ekon. Poznaniu, Lesz. Nauk.,Ser. 1 (1971).

B.H. Stuart and P.S. Thomas, "The Characterisation of Plastic Used in a Gabo Sculpture," Polymer Testing 19 No.8 953-957 September (2000).

E. Tálas-Rohonczy and F. Horkay, "Thermal investigations of varnishes and paints by differential thermal analysis. III-Identification of paint media in painting materials," Farbe und Lack 944-947 (1973).

Textile Institute, Identification of Textile Materials, Sixth edition, Textile Institute, Manchester, England (1970). 233pp.

E.A. Turi, Thermal Analysis in Polymer Characterization: Selected Papers Presented at the Eastern Analytical Symposium, New York City, November 1980, Heyden, Philadelphia (1981). viii + 159pp.

I.K. Varma and R.K. Sadhir, "Thermal Analysis of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) and Poly(vinyl Acetate) Fractions," Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 46 No.650 1-10 (1975).

H.P. Vaughan and J.P. Elder, "Advances in Quantitative Differential Thermal Analysis," American Laboratory 6 53-60 January (1974).

G. Von Hornuff and G. Müller, "The Thermal Analysis of Cellulose Fibers," Faserforschung und Textiltechnik 23 No.11 466-477 (1972).

W.W. Wendlandt, Thermal Methods of Analysis, 2nd Edition, Chemical Analysis 19, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1974). xvii + 505pp.

H.G. Wiedemann, "The Investigation of Ancient Oriental Materials and Artifacts by Thermal Analysis," Thermochimica Acta 148 95-115 (1989).

H.G. Wiedemann, "Thermoanalytical Study on Ancient Materials and Light it Sheds on the Origin of Letters and Words," Thermochimica Acta 100 283-314 (1986).

B. Wunderlich, Thermal Analysis, Academic Press, Boston (1990). xiii + 450pp.

F. Zitomer, "Thermogravimetric-Mass Spectrometric Analysis," Analytical Chemistry 40 No.7 1091-1095 (1968).

M. Zurawska and Z. Kubacki, "Thermal Analysis and its Use in the Textile Industry," Przeglad Wlokienniczy 27 No.4 170-176 (1973).

See Also: Chromatographic Methods: PyGC; Polymer Characterization.

X-ray Diffraction

L.E. Alexander, X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science, New York (1969). xv + 582pp.

L.V. Azaroff and M.J. Buerger, The Powder Method in X-ray Crystallography, McGraw-Hill, New York (1958). 324pp.

M.H. Battey, Mineralogy for Students, Second Edition, Longman, London and New York (1981) See Chapter 5.

I.Y. Borg, Calculated X-ray Powder Patterns for Silicate Minerals, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO (1969). x + 896pp.

C.F. Bridgman, S. Keck and H.F. Sherwood, "The Radiography of Panel Paintings by Electron Emission," Studies in Conservation 3 175-182 (1958).

C.F. Bridgman, P. Michaels and H.F. Sherwood, "Radiography of a Painting on Copper by Electron Emmision," Studies in Conservation 10 1-7 (1965).

G. Brown, editor, The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Society, London (1961). 544pp.

M.J. Buerger, Elementary Crystallography: An Introduction to the Fundamental Geometrical Features of Crystals, Wiley, New York (1956). 528pp.

E.N. Caner and N.J. Seeley, "X-ray diffraction and Microprobe Studies on the Alteration of Limestones from Historical Monuments," Conservation Stone Proceedings Intvitational Symposium, 1975, 1, 23-26 (1976).

D. Carroll, Clay Minerals: A Guide to their X-ray Identification, Geological Society of American, Boulder, CO (1970). vii + 80pp.

B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1978).

R.W.M. D'Eye and E. Wait, X-ray Powder Photography in Inorganic Chemistry, Academic Press, New York (1960). 222pp.

S.E. Filippakis, B. Perdikatis and K. Assimenos, "X-ray Analysis of Pigments from Vergina, Greece (Second Tomb)," Studies in Conservation 24 54-58 (1979).

A. Guinier, X-ray Diffraction: In Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies, Translated by W.H. Freeman, New York (1963). 378pp.

R. Jenkins, "New Dimensions in X-ray Powder Diffraction," Industrial Research/Development (November 1979). p. 112ff.

R. Jenkins and C.R. Hubbard, "A Preliminary Report on the Design and Results of the Second Round Robin to Evaluate Search/Match Methods for Qualitative Powder Diffractometry," Advances in X-ray Analysis 22 133-142 (1979).

M. Kakudo, X-ray Diffraction by Polymers, Elsevier, New York (1972). xii + 464pp.

B. Keish, "X-ray Diffraction and the Composition of Lead White," Studies in the History of Art, National Gallery, Washington (1972).

H.P. Klug and L.E. Alexander, X-ray Diffraction Procedures, Wiley and Sones, New York (1954). 716pp.

B. Knight, "Imaging the Design on Corroded Mediaeval Window Glass by Beta - Backscatter Radiography," Studies in Conservation 34 207-211 (1989).

H.S. Lipson, Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns, St. Martin's Press, New York (1970). 335pp.

K.Y. Lonsdale, Crystals and X-rays, G.Bell, London (1948). 199pp.

W.C. McCrone, "Authenticity of a Medieval Document," Analytical Chemistry 48 No.8 676A-679A (1976).

National Bureau of Standards, Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analysis Equipment. Handbook 111, no date.

C.E. Pflugger, "X-ray Diffraction," Analytical Chemistry 50 No.5 161R-166R (1978).

S. Pollack and R.L. Feller, "On the Crystallography of Chrome Orange," Journal of Coatings Technology 48 No.618 68 (1976).

S. Profy, L. Weier and S.E. Filippakis, "X-ray Analysis of Greek Bronze Age Pigments from Mycenae," Studies in Conservation 19 No.2 105-112 (1974).

S. Profy, L. Weier and S.E. Filippakis, "X-ray Analysis of Greek Bronze Age Pigments from Knossos," Studies in Conservation 21 No.1 34-39 (1976).

R. Rudman, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Division of Chemical Education, American Chemical Society, Easton, PA. Reprint from the January-June 1967 issues of The Journal of Chemical Education, unpaginated.

L.H. Schwartz and J.B. Cohen, Diffraction from Materials, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York (1987). xv + 588pp.

D.A. Skoog and D.M. West, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Fourth Edition, Saunders College Publications, Fort Worth, TX (1992) See Chapter 14.

G.H. Stout, X-ray Structure Determination: A Practical Guide, Second Edition, Wiley, New York (1989). xv + 453pp.

B.K. Tanner, X-ray Diffraction Topography, Pergamon Press, New York (1976). xooo + 174pp.

M.S. Tite, Methods of Physical Examination in Archaeology, Seminar Press, New York (1972). pp.285-288.

H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, Jr. and J.A. Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Seventh Edition, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA (1988) See Chapter 8.

W.H. Zachariasen, Theory of X-ray Diffraction in Crystals, Dover, New York (1967). 255pp.

X-ray Fluorescence

E.P. Bertin, Principles and Practice of X-ray Spectrometric Analysis, Second Edition, Plenum Press, New York (1975). xxxii + 1079pp.

E.P. Bertin, An Introduction to X-ray Spectrometric Analysis, Plenum Press, New York (1978). xiv + 485pp.

O. Birguel, M. Diksic and L. Yaffe, "X-ray Fluourescence Analysis of Turkish Clays and Pottery," Archaeometry 21 No. 2 203-218 (1979).

M. Brown, X-ray Methods, Watford-Merrow (1971). 58pp.

K.G. Carr-Brion and K.W. Payne, "X-ray Fluorescence Analysis: a Review," The Analyst 95 No.1137 977-991 (1970).

G.F. Carter, "X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Roman Coins, Analytical Chemistry 36 No.7 1264-1268 (1964).

G.F. Carter, "Preparation of Ancient Coins for Accurate X-ray Fluorescence Analysis," Archaeometry 7 106-113 (1964).

G.F Carter, "Analysis of Copper and Brass Coins of the Early Roman Empire," Science 151 No. 3707 196-197 (1966).

G.F. Carter, "Ancient Coins as Records of the Past," Chemistry 39 No.11 14-19 (1966).

G.F. Carter, "How Accurate are X-ray Fluorescence Analyses of Ancient Copper Coins?" North American Journal of Numismatics 6 No.6 181-187 (1967).

G.F. Carter, "Compositions of Some Copper-Based Coins of Augustus and Tiberius," Science and Archeology 114-130 (1971).

G.F. Carter, "Reproducibility of X-ray Fluorescence Analyses of Septimius Severus Denarii," Archaeometry 19 (Part 1). 67-73 (1977).

G.F Carter, "Precision in the X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Sixty-One Augustus Quadrantes," Journal of Archaeological Science 5 No.3 293-300 (1978).

G.F. Carter and W.H. Carter, "Chemical Analysis of a Plautia Denarius," Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin No. 560 58-60 (February 1965).

G.F Carter and W.H. Carter, "Chemical Compositions of Ten Septimius Severus Denarii," Archaeometry 10 (Part 2). 201-209 (1975).

D.F. Caulfield, "Small X-ray Scattering by Paper," TAPPI 56 No.3 (1973).

R. Cesareo, F.V. Frazzoli, C. Mancini, M. Marabelli and S. Sciuti, "Rapid Nondestructive Analysis of Ancient Bronzes," International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 23 No.4 198-201 (1972).

R. Cesaro, S. Sciuti and M. Marabelli, "Non-Destructive Analysis of Ancient Bronzes," Studies in Conservation 18 No.2 64-80 (1973).

W.T. Chase, "Science in Art, " McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 1971; McGraw-Hill, New York (1972). pp. 10-23.

F. Claisse and T. P. Thinh, "Differential Delta-Coefficient Method for the Correction of Matrix Effects in X-ray Fluorescence Analysis," Analytical Chemistry 51 No.7 954-957 (1979).

J.A. Cooper, "Interpretation of Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectra," American Laboratory 8 No.11 35ff (1976).

A.S. Darling and J.F. Healy, "Micro-probe Analysis and the Study of Greek Gold-Silver-Copper Alloys," Nature 231 433-444 (1971).

T.G. Dzubay, Editor, X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples, Ann Arbor, MI (1977) ix + 310pp.

R. Frankel, "Detection of Art Forgeries by X-ray Fluourescence Spectroscopy," Isotopes and Radiation Technology 5 No.1 65-68 (1970).

R.S. Frankel and D.W. Aiken, "Energy Dispersive X-ray Emission Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 24 No.6 557-566 (1970).

J.F. Hanlan, "The EDX Spectometer in Museum Use," IIC-AG Bulletin 11 No.2 85-90 (1971).

J.F. Hanlan, N. Stolow. J.M. Grant and R.W. Tolmie, "Application of Non-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis to the Study of Works of Art," IIC-AG Bulletin 10 No.2 25-40 (1970).

V.F. Hanson, "Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Art Objects by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy 27 No.5 309-333 (1973).

A.J. Herbert and K. Street, Jr., "Nondispersive Soft X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer for Quantitative Analysis of the Major Elements in Rocks and Minerals," Analytical Chemistry 46 2-3-207 (1974).

C.R. Howdon, R.J. Dudley and K.W. Smalldon, "The Nondestructive Analysis of Single Layered Household Paints Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry," Journal of the Forensic Science Society 17 Nos. 2/3 161-167 (1977).

M.J. Hughes and J.A. Hall, "X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Late Roman and Sassanian Silver Plate," Journal of Archaeological Science 6 No. 4 321-344 (1979).

J.P. Hurley, V.L. Da Gragnano and J.M. Mathiesen, "Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy," Research and Development 14-17 (December 1970).

R. Jenkins, An Introduction to X-Ray Spectrometry, Heyden, London (1974). xi + 163pp.

R. Jenkins, Practical X-ray Spectroscopy, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York (1969). x + 190pp.

R. Jenkins, "A Comparison of Wavelength Dispersive and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluourescence Analysis," Norelco Reporter 25 No.3 12-16 (1978).

R. Jenkins, "A Comparison of Wavelength Dispersive and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis with Reference to the Detection of Elements," Science and Industry 13 1-4 (1979).

R. Jenkins and J.L. de Vries, Practical X-Ray Spectrometry, Springer-Verlag, New York (1967).

R. Jenkins and B. de Vries, Worked Examples in X-Ray Spectrometry, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York (1970). 135pp.

C. Lehanier, "Non-destructive Analysis of Art Works by X-ray Microfluorescence at the Laboratory of Museum Research, France." Collog. Int. Methodes Anal. Rayonnem. 10 No.4 170-176 (1977).

C. Lehanier, "Determination by Chemical Element of the Thickness of the Layer Analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence," Pact 1 31-40 (1977).

H. Liebhafsky, X-ray Absorption and Emission in Analytical Chemistry: Spectrochemical Analysis with X-rays, Wiley, New York (1960) ix + 357pp.

H. Mabuchi and Y. Emoto, "Determination of Iron, Rubidium, Strontium and Zirconium Content in Earthenware and Roofing Tiles by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry," Science for Conservation No.16 1-5 (1977). In Japanese with English summary.

D.M. Metcalf and F. Schweitzer, "Milliprobe Analysis of Some Visigothic, Sueric and Other Gold Coins of the Early Middle Ages," Archaeomtery 14 (Part 2). 177-198 (1972).

P.R.S. Moorey and F. Schweizer, "Copper and Copper Alloys in Ancient Iraq, Syria and Palestine: Some New Analyses," Archaeometry 14 (Part 1). 111-119 (1972).

PACT, "X-ray Microfluorescence Analysis Applied to Archaeology," Journal of the European Study Group on Physical, Chemical and Mathematical Techniques Applied to Archaeology 1 (1977).

M. Picon, M. Vichy and E. Meille, "Composition of the Lezoux, Lyon and Arezzo Samian Ware," Archaeometry 13 No.2 191-208 (1971).

D.E. Porter and R. Woldseth, "X-ray Spectroscopy," Analytical Chemistry 45 No.7 604A-614A (1973).

M.E. Salmon, "X-ray Fluorescence Method for Micro Samples," IIC-AG Technical Papers, 196801970, IIC-AG, New York (1970). pp. 31-46.

F. Schweizer and A.M. Friedman, "Comparison of Methods of Analysis of Silver and Gold in SIlver Coins," Archaeometry 14 (Part 1). 105-109 (1972).

N. Stolow, J.F. Hanlan and R. Boyer, "Element Distribution for Computing Tables of X-ray Mars Attenuation Coefficients," X-ray Spectrometry 8 No.2 85-91 (1979).

T. Warashina, Y. Kamaki and T. Higashimura, "Sourcing of Sanukite Implements by X-ray Fluorescence Analysis II," Journal of Archaeological Science 5 No.3 283-291 (1978).

R. Woldseth, "X-ray Energy Spectroscopy," American Laboratory 79-86 (March 1972).

R. Woldseth, D.E. Porter and R.S. Framkel, "The Analytical X-ray," Industrial Research (February 1971).

H. Yakowtiz, An Annotated Bibliography on Soft X-ray Spectroscopy, Nattional Bureau of Standards, Washington (1962). 108pp.

X-ray Radiography

N.P. Altukhov and E.D. Altukhov, "Enlarged X-ray Photographs of Paintings Made by Means of X-ray Unit with Microfocal X-ray Tube BS-I," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/1/8/1-4.

J.K. Aman. G.M. Cornery. D. McBride and R.E. Turner, "Fundamentals of Radiography," Materials Evaluation 36 No.6 24-30 (1978).

D. Ankmer, "Roentfenuntersuchungen an Riegseeschwerten," Archaeologie und Naturwissenschaften 1 268-459 (1977).

Anon., "Fundamentals of Radiography," Materials Evaluation 36 No. 6 24-30 (May 1978).

J.R. Bailey, "Radiography on a Shoestring," Photomethods 42-44, 69 (September 1976).

R.J. Blancato, "Radiography Finds 'Broken Bones' in Cape Hatteras' Lighthouse," Materials Evaluation (March 1980). pp. 13-15.

A.R. Bleich, The Story of X-rays from Röntgen to Isotopes, London (1960). 186pp.

C.F. Bridgman, "The Use of Dental X-ray Equipment and Film," Bulletin AIC 13 No.1 33 (1972).

C.F. Bridgman, S. Keck and H.F. Sherwood, “The Radiography of Panel Paintings by Electron Emission,” Studies in Conservation 3 175-182 (1958).

C.F. Bridgman, P. Michaels and H.F. Sherwood, “Radiography of a Painting on Copper by Electron Emmision,” Studies in Conservation 10 1-7 (1965).

D. Brothwell, et al, "The Application of X-rays to the Study of Archaeological Materials," In Science in Archaeology, London (1969). pp. 513-525.

A. Burroughs, "Notes on the Principles and Process of X-ray Examination of Paintings," Smithsonian Report for 1927, Washington (1928). pp. 529-533.

E.T. Clarke, "Radiographing the Liberty Bell," Foundary Trades Journal 141 No.3091 223-228 (1976).

B. Dibner, The New Rays of Professor Röntgen, Burndy Library, Norwalk, CT (1963). 56pp.

R.J. Gettens, S.J. Clarke and W.T. Chase, "Two Early Chinese Bronze Weapons with Meteoritic Iron Blades," Freer Gallery Occasional Papers 4 No.1 (1971).

A. Gilardoni, R.A. Orsini and S. Taccani, X-rays in Art: Physics-Techniques-Applications, Second Edition, Mandello Lario, Lecco, Italy (1994). 342pp.

B. Hallert, X-ray Photogrammetry, Elvsevier, New York (1970). 154pp.

J.E. Harris, X-raying the Pharoahs, McDonald and Company, London and New York (1973). 195pp.

D.M. Hart, "X-ray Investtigation of Buildings," Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology 5 No.1 9-21 (1973).

D.M. Hart, "X-ray Analysis of the Narbonne House," Bulletin, Association for Preservation Technology 6 No.1 (1974).

D.M. Hart, "X-ray Inspection of Historic Structutes," Technology and Conservation 2 No.2 10-13, 27 (1977).

R. Hauser, "Nondestructive Examination of Bookbindings; Using Radiography for Documentation of a Craft," Technology and Conservation 2 No.2 34-36 (1977).

F. Hellwig, "Die röntgenographische Untersuchung von Musikinstrumenten," Maltechnik-Restauro 84 No.2 103-115 (1978).

M. Hours, Les Secrets des chefs d'oeuvre, Second Edition, Laffont, Paris (1988). pp. 81-113.

B. Knight, “Imaging the Design on Corroded Mediaeval Window Glass by Beta-Backscatter Radiography,” Studies in Conservation 34 207-211 (1989).

A.I. Kosolapov, "The Quality Criterium and the Optimal Contrast Ration Calculation for X-ray Radiography of Painting," In ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/1/7/1-8.

H. Lank, "A Vertically Mounted X-ray Installation," Studies in Conservation 23 No.1 42-44 (1978).

W.J. McGonnagle, Nondestructive Testing, McGraw-Hill, New York (1961) See Chapter 6: "X-ray Radiography."

R.C. McMasters and H.L. Hoyt, "Xeroradiography in the 1970's," Materials Evaluation 29 No.12 96 (1972).

P. Meyers, "Interim Report on the Technical Study of Sasanian Silver Objects from the Stermitage Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art," Bulletin of the American Group of the International Institute for Conservattion of Historic and Artistic Works 12 No.2 96 (1972).

P. Meyers, "Applications of X-ray Radiography in the Study of Archaeological Objects," Advances in Chemistry Series 171 79-96 (1978).

Museums Association, "The Application of X-rays, Gamma rays, Ultraviolet and Infra-red Rays to the Study of Antiquities," Handbook for Museum Curators, Part B, Section 4.

L.A. Museus, "Using X-ray Photography for Examination of Paintings," In ICOM Committee for Conservation, Fifth Triennial Meeting, Zagreb (1978). 78/16/8/1-9.

S.M. Poudrier, "Radiography on the March," Materials Evaluation 35 No.4 30-32 (1977).

I. Rawlins, From the National Gallery Laboratory, Preface by Sir William Bragg, London (1940). 10pp.

W.E. Reed, Non-Destructive Testing: X-ray Photography and Radiography, NTIS, PS-78/1058 (1978). 248pp.

S. Rees Jones, "An Introduction to the Study of Paintings by Radiography," Burlington Magazine 4-28 (March 1969).

B. Schmidt, "Theoderich der Grosse und die damaszierter Schwerter der Thüringer," Ausgrabungen und Funde 14 No.1 38-40 (1969).

J.G. Schneeman, Industrial X-ray Interpretation, Intex Publishing, Evanston, IL (1968). 263pp.

U. Schultze-Frentzel, "Keramische Antiquitaeten im Roentgenbild," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren, Jahrgang 5, No.1 Grüppe 19 13-22 (1972).

H.E. Seemann, Physical and Photographic Principles of Medical Radiography, Wiley, New York (1948). xi + 132pp.

H.R. Splettstosser, "The Visibility of Detail Obtainable with Industrial X-ray Film," Materials Evaluation 25 No.11 245-253 (1967).

R.E. Turner, "Big Shot," Industrial Research 43-45 (August 1976).

United States Naval Medical School, Fundamentals of Radiologic Technology, Bethesda, MD (1971). various paginations.

B. Urbon, "Röntgen und in-sito-Bergung," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren No.2 Grüppe 19 3-6 (1969).

See Also: Image Analysis; Image Analysis: Paintings.