material-handling-1223701879516200-9

8/11/2019 material-handling-1223701879516200-9

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Material handling

Defined as the art and science of moving, packing

and storing of substances in any form.

Creation of time and place utility

Movement and storage of material at the lowest

possible cost through the use of proper methods and

equipments.

Lifting, shifting and placing of materials which effect a

saving in money, time and place

Art and science of conveying, elevating, positioning,

transporting, packaging and storing of materials


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Importance of M H

Efficient material handling is important to

manufacturing operations. Materials sent by

vendors must be unloaded, moved through

inspections and production operations to

stores and finally to the shipping department.

These movements do not add value to the

product but they do add value to the cost


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Material handling analysis is a subset of plant

layout. Method study, plant layout and materialhandling are all part of the design of a production

facility Material handling system and plant layout

enhance effectiveness of each other.

Efficient operation of appropriate material

handling methods reduces costs and enablesmaximum capabilities to be derived from a given

production facility


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Objectives

Main objective is to reduce the number of

handlings as well as the overall cost of

material handling equipment and reducing the

distances through which the materials are

handled.

The other objectives:


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Lower unit material handling costs Reduction in manufacturing cycle time through faster

movement of materials and by reducing the distance throughwhich the materials are moved. Reduction in manufacturing

cycle time results in reduced workinprogress inventory

costs.

Improved working conditions and greater safety in movementof materials

Contribute to better quality by avoiding damage to products

by inefficient handling

Increased storage capacity through better utilisation ofstorage areas

Higher productivity at lower manufacturing cost


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Material handling principles Eliminate handling

If not, make handling distance as short as possible Keep moving

If not, reduce the time spent at terminal points of a route asshort as possible

Use simple patterns of material flow

The simplest path is a straight line, if not, avoid back tracking,cross overs

Carry pay loads both ways

If not, minimise time spent on transport empty by changingspeed in return route

Carry full loads-- If not, decrease carrying capacity by lowering the speed

Use gravity

If not use, use a cheaper power source


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Material handling costs

Cost of owning and maintaining the

equipment

Cost of operating the system

This is generally elusive


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The product will not be worth any more to the

customer simply because it was moved

Reduction of the cost

Eliminating the handling itself whenever,

wherever possible.

Mechanising, largely by power conveyors,

whatever handling still remains

Making the necessary handling more efficient.


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Organisation for materials handling

The structure varies with industry, type of

manufacturing process, the product manufactured,

its bulk and its value

In small firms, it may be one of the functionsassigned to the plant engineer, purchasing manager

or production manager.

Big firms , a separate dept. itself is developed to

study procedures and devise better handling

techniques. When thus organised, they form part of

industrial engineering division.


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Unit load concept Unit load is a number of items, or bulk material, so

arranged that the mass can be picked up and movedas a single object, too large for manual handling.

Advantages:

Disadvanatages: Cost of unitising & de unitising

Equipment

Bare weight of unitising medium

Problem of returning empty pallet

Transfer equipment often not available at both ends of the

move


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Flow pattern

When drawn on paper, the flow pattern

becomes a flow chart, which will help locate

needless criss crossing and back tracking of

material movements. Once unwanted

movements are known, steps can be taken to

eliminate or reduce such moves.


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Advantages of a good flow pattern Increased efficiency of production

Better utilisation of floor space

Simplified handling activities

Better equipment utilisation, less idle time

Reduced in-process time

Reduced in-process inventory

More efficient utilisation of work force

Reduced product damage

Reduced walking distance Minimal accident hazards

Basis for an efficient layout

Faster supervision


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Minimal back tracking

Smooth production flow

Improved scheduling process

Reduced crowded conditions

Better house keeping

Logical work sequencing


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Types of material handling equipments

Conveyors

Belt conveyors, Chain conveyors, Roller conveyors,

Pneumatic conveyors, bucket conveyors, screw

conveyors, pipeline conveyors, vibratory

conveyors, chute or gravity conveyors.

Do not require operators, inexpensive to operate

Cranes, Elevators and Hoists

Cranesoverhead rails or ground rails or wheels

Elevators

between floors

vertically

Hoists - vertically, horizontallylimited area

electric or chain hoist

Industrial trucks


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Miscellaneous Handling equipments

Pipe lines

Automatic transfer devices

Automatic Guided vehicles

No operators, flexibility in paths, signals through

wires on floor. A remote control computer reqd.

Industrial Robots

Built in controlcan be programmedhence very

versatile

Documents

material-handling-1223701879516200-9