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PT.PLN(Persero)UIP2B
RENEWABLEENERGYINTERMITTENTINTEGRATIONTOJAVABALISYSTEM
EkoYudo Pramono – GMPLNP2B
GENERATION READINESSup to AUGUST 2018
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JAVA BALI SYSTEM OPERATION EVALUATIONEXECTUTIVE SUMMARY up to August 2018
Energy ProductionCumulative : 122.424 GWh, 100,14 % based on Annual
Planning (ROT), Oil Fueled 0,51 %Growth : 4,04 %Generation Availability (EAF)Cumulative : System 83,51 %, Coal Fired Power Plant 79,12 %
CumulativeLoadFactor :80,64%PeakLoad201826.834 MWTuesday,2-10-201818.00
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JAVA BALI SYSTEM NIGHT PEAK LOAD TREND2013 – OCt. 2018
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JAVA BALI SYSTEM DAY PEAK LOAD TREND2013 – OCt. 2018
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612MW 1572MW
561MW
22MW
999MW
212MW
33
NIGHT LOAD FLOW28 AUGUST 2018 18:00; 26.035 MW
APB JBR - APB JKB MW APB JTD - APB JBR MW APB JTM - APB JTD MWGI CIANJUR - LEMBUR SITU -276 GI BREBES - PLTU CEP -274 GI CEPU - BOJONEGORO 23GI CIANJUR - BOGOR BARU -38 GI MAJENANG - BANJAR -43 GI SRAGEN - NGAWI -24GI BEKASI - SUKATANI 15 GITET PEMALANG - MANDIRANCAN 926 GITET KRIAN- UNGARAN 322GITET MUARATAWAR - CIBINONG 47 GITET KESUGIHAN - TASIKMALAYA 963 GITET KEDIRI - PEDAN 561GITET SAGULING - CIBINONG -157 1,572 GITET NGIMBANG - UNGARAN 22GI TAMBUN - PONDOK KELAPA -192 PLTU PACITAN - NGUNTORONADI 95GITET MUARATAWAR - CAWANG 534 999GITET TASIKMALAYA - DEPOK 679
612 APB JTM - APB BLI MWGI BANYUWANGI - GILIMANUK 212
212
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DAY LOAD FLOW28 AUGUST 2018 13:30; 25.463 MW
1185MW
677MW
20MW
1165MW
153MW
1935MW
APB JBR - APB JKB MW APB JTD - APB JBR MW APB JTM - APB JTD MWGI CIANJUR - LEMBUR SITU -262 GI BREBES - PLTU CEP -201 GI CEPU - BOJONEGORO 33GI CIANJUR - BOGOR BARU -38 GI MAJENANG - BANJAR -26 GI SRAGEN - NGAWI -20GI BEKASI - SUKATANI 15 GITET PEMALANG - MANDIRANCAN 1,019 GITET KRIAN- UNGARAN 383GITET MUARATAWAR - CIBINONG 22 GITET KESUGIHAN - TASIKMALAYA 1,143 GITET KEDIRI - PEDAN 677GITET SAGULING - CIBINONG 99 1,935 GITET NGIMBANG - UNGARAN 20GI TAMBUN - PONDOK KELAPA -199 PLTU PACITAN - NGUNTORONADI 71GITET MUARATAWAR - CAWANG 567 1,165GITET TASIKMALAYA - DEPOK 981
1,185 APB JTM - APB BLI MWGI BANYUWANGI - GILIMANUK 153
153
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JAVA BALI SYSTEM ENERGY PRODUCTION2013 – Aug 2018
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JAVA BALI SYSTEM LOAD FACTOR2013 – Aug. 2018
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LOADSTACKING & COMPOSITION28 AUGUST 2018
Data Source: Rapsodi P2B 2018
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GENERATION ENERGY PRODUCTIONs.d. August 2018
Data Source : P2B Annual Planning & Settlement Department
GWh CONTRIBUTION (%) GWh CONTRIBUTION (%)
Indonesia Power 45.173 36,90% 47.021 38,46% 96,1% 2,84%
Pemb. Jawa Bali 33.319 27,22% 31.867 26,07% 104,6% 6,09%
UP Tj Jati B 12.737 10,40% 13.275 10,86% 95,9% 11,33%
IPP 31.194 25,48% 30.085 24,61% 103,7% 0,96%
HYDRO 4.268 3,49% 4.835 3,96% 88,3% -21,25%
GEOTHERMAL 6.402 5,23% 6.334 5,18% 101,1% 2,37%
COAL 82.406 67,31% 85.550 69,98% 96,3% 4,80%
BBG 20.513 16,76% 20.371 16,66% 100,7% 4,12%
LNG 7.492 6,12% 5.120 4,19% 146,3% 5,69%
CNG 716 0,58% 0 0,00% - 39,16%
SUBTOTAL NON-OIL FUELED 121.796 99,49% 122.210 99,97% 99,7% 3,56%
MFO 229 0,19% 30 0,02% 761,2% 647,67%
HSD 398 0,33% 8 0,01% 5190,1% 1050,60%
SUBTOTAL OIL FUELED 628 0,51% 38 0,03% 1660,5% 861,33%
TOTAL SYSTEM 122.424 100,00% 122.248 100,00% 100,14% 4,04%
POWER PLANT
ACTUAL ANNUAL PLANNING%
PLANNING GROWTH (%)
UTILITY COMPANY
PRIMARY ENERGY
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE POWER PLANTS
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Background
1. 35000 MW project is to support economic growth as main infrastructure
2. Nationwide energy mix from renewable energy is targeted at 23% at 2025. (25% in electricity utility)
3. Renewable Energy technology has been commercially mature
4. Government target in lowering average system cost (BPP)
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Scope
1. Capacity of intermittent renewable power plant which can be operated in Java Bali system and still keep maintaining reliability/security, quality and economic aspects.
2. Power system operation considering intermittent power plant integration.
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System Operation Criteria
ECONOMIC
QUALITYRELIABLE
Reliability/security:System ability to withstand unplanned condition without any power outageQuality:System ability to keep all constrain to meet the electricity qualityEconomic:Power system optimization without violation in reliability and quality
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SUB SYSTEM SUPPLY CONDITIONNIGHT PEAK LOAD 26.834 MW02 OCTOBER 2018 18.00 WIB
Sumber Data : Data Logsheet BOPS P2BAPB JAKBAN APB JABAR APB JATENG APB JATIM APB BALI
63%
15%
22%
53%
47%
73%
27%
50%
50%
34%
66%
53%
36%
11%
82% 18%
48%
49%
3%
81%
19%
79% 21%
71%29%
86% 14%
45%
19%36%
62%
19%
19%
49%
51%
84% 16%
80% 20%
80%
20%
72% 27%
1%KITCLBWG- KITIPBALI- KabelLaut
KRIAN3-4KITGRSIK- GRESIK1-
KRIAN1-2KITRBANG- KITTBROK-UNGAR3- TJATI1-2
KITTJWAR-NGIMBANG1-2PEDAN1-2
KITPCTAN- KEDIRI2-3
KITCLCAP- KITMRICA- KIT
TBROK- UNGAR1-2
KEDIRI1
KITCEPWR-MANDIRANCAN1-2 KITGRATI- GRATI1-2-
PAITON1-2-3
KITDRJAT3- TASIK1-2
KITKMJNG- KITDRJAT-UJUNGBERUNG1-2
KITIDMYU-KITJTLHR-CIBATU3-4
KITBKPWR- KITCLNDO- CIBATU1-2
KITPTUHA-CIRATA1-2
KITPRIOK-CAWANG1-BEKASI2-4
CIBINONG3-BEKASI1-3
KITPRATU-KITSALAK-
CIBINONG1-2- DEPOK 2
KITMKRNG-GANDUL1-3
KITLNTAR- BALARAJA3-4 -KEMBANGAN1-2
DEPOK1 -CAWANG2-3
KITWYNDU-BANDUNGSELATAN1-2
KITCLGON- KITLBUAN- CILEGON
BARU1-2
BALARAJA1-2
GANDUL2-4SURALAYA1-2-CiILEGONBARU3
70%
7%
23%
47%
48%
5%
82% 18%
52%
34%
14%58%
16%
26%
67%
18%
15% 86%14%
45%
55%
78%
14%
8%
27%
73%
PEDAN3-4
APB BALI
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MUST RUN GENERATION
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
TOPEnergiPrimer TOPKontrak Penyaluran Beban
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System Reliability
1. Reliability Criteria : maintain reserve margin at minimum 30%Reserve Margin 15 September 2017 :RM=(Nett Capacity-Peak Load)/Peak Load= (33.439 – 25.225)/ 25.225 = 32,7%
2. Normal System Operation Criteria : Normal Criteria is Spinning Reserve fulfilled at least as same as the biggest unit size of power plant
in Java Bali system. (Grid Code OC 2.2) In Java Bali = 815 MW
3. Alert Condition Criteria : maintain System Reserve at least as twice as the biggest unit size. (1630 MW)
4. Defense Scheme Protection : Manual Load Shedding (f<49,5 Hz)UFR (48,4 < f < 49,0 Hz, in 7 steps)Islanding Mode (48,1 < f < 48,3 Hz)Over Generation SheddingOver Load Shedding
5. Grid Limitation / Constraint :network configuration (building sub-system)
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Service Quality
1.Voltage Stability (Grid Code OC 4.0) :150 kV and 66 kV system : +5% and -10%500 kV system : +/- 5%
How to keep voltage stability :- Reactive power management (generation side and compensation)- Transmission operation management
2. Frequency Stability (Grid Code OC 3.0) : 49.80 – 50.20 Hz (97,7% achieved in one year 2016)Load Frequency Control ( approx ± 250 MW )Governor Free Mode ( participant < 30% of 250 unit )
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Economic Operation of Java Bali System
System Constraint :1. Stability (System Inertia)2. Primary energy Take or Pay Contract and Pipe Line Pack limitation (gas,
geothermal)3. Transmission congestion 3. Long distance power transfer (voltage stability)4. Losses
Power Plant Constraint :1. Power plant mode of operation (base load, load follower or peaker)2. Availibility condition of power plant (FOR, derating)3. Minimum technical loading
Economic Dispatch :1. Hydro thermal coordination2. Merit order
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Defect to FrequencyOne characteristic of Wind Power Plant is lowestcertainty of energy availability compared to other typeof power plant thus variation of its load will affectsystem frequency
Solar power plant load is extremely fluctuated (fullload to no load in seconds) thus will significantlyaffect frequency quality.
Sumber :SMA German, 2017
Solar PV
Household
Wind Generation
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Renewable Energy – Constraint System
Types or renewable energy power plant:− Planned control /dispatchable (hydro/PLTA,geothermal/PLTP)− Unplanned control /intermittent /non-dispatchable
(solar/PLTS,wind/PLTB),whichneedtobebacked-upbysystemwith:
• Load Frequency Control 200MW• Spinningreserve (1biggestunit – 813 MW)with response rate at5MWperminute
• Standbyreserve (2xspinningreserve – 1.626 MW),with responsetime around 30minutes
• Peaker (GasTurbin/PLTGopencycle with response time 10minutes)
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Renewable Energy – Grid Constraint• In sub-system, capacity of intermittent units is limited by capability of inter-bus transformer (IBT) with residual
capacity equal with capacity of intermittent unit• Grid capability of sub system should be maintain its reliability as N-1 therefore adding intermittent unit will be
limited to N-1 of grid• Thus, intermittent unit can only be connected to 150kV or 20kV grid and not to 500kV gridExample :
• Pedan Subsistem : could only accommodate maximum 200MW (PPA Wind/PLTB Samas 70 MW)• Cirata Subsistem : maximum 100 MW• Bali Subsistem : maximum 50 MW• Madura Island (Krian Subsistem 1,2) : maximum 10 MW
• Intermittent unit could not provide adequate reactive power thus can not be transmitted in long distance• Capacity of intermittent unit can be allowed if system reserve is ready
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Intermittency
- Intermittent units are non-dispatchable,
- Operation depends on energy source availability which is uncontrollable,- Intermittent power plant penetration to power system will affect :
§ Quality of frequency and voltage
§ Economic aspect§ System stability
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Stability
One characteristic of Intermittent unit is not having inertia thuspenetration to grid will lower system inertiaImpact on non intermittent unit trip when intermittent unit is inoperation is higher than when intermittent unit is not in operation.Intermittent unit needs energy storage as pumped storage or battery
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Economic Aspect
- Because of Intermittent Unit impact on system frequency, it need tobe prepared a Special Reserve (Special Spinning Reserve) tomaintain system reliability.
- Special reserve comes from thermal unit with very fast ramp rate(Gas/PLTG and Diesel/PLTD) which has very high operation cost.
- Consequently with this special reserve, average cost of operationwill increase
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Solar Energy Potential
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Wind Power Plant Potentioal
Sumber :windprospecting
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Intermittent Power Plant Proposal Proposed (MoU FS)TypeofPowerPlant PNominal(MW) Rencana LokasiSolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 100 GI(Substation)150kVNegara,BaliSolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 100 GI150kVAmplapura, BaliSolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 100 GI150kVKubu,BaliSolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 100 GI150kVCirataSolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 600(150) (SwitchingStationLineHarapanIndah– KandangSapi)SolarPowerPlant(PLTS) 500 Scaterred inJavaBaliWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 70 GI150kVWates,SamasWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 250 SukabumiWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 20 P. NusaPenida/NusaLembongan/NusaCeninganWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 150 GarutWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 103 LebakWindPowerPlant(PLTB) 102 Ciemas,SukabumiHybridPLTSdan PLTB 220 TegalHybridPLTSdan PLTB 140 TubanPLTS &PLTD/MG(Hybrid) MaduraIsolasiPLTS &PLTD/MG(Hybrid) Gili KetapangPLTS &PLTD/MG(Hybrid) BaweanPLTS &PLTD/MG(Hybrid) Karimun, JawaTengahTOTAL 2.555
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Fast response and flexible power plant to compensate RE Intermittent
Load
&NetLoa
d(M
W)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
Load, Wind & Solar Profiles --- Base ScenarioJanuary 2020
Net_Load Load Wind Total Solar
Wind&Solar(M
W)
6,700 MW in 3-hours
7,000 MW in 3-hours
12,700 MW in 3-hours
NetLoad=Load- Wind- Solar
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Defect to Voltage
Voltage from Wind Power Plantdepends on wind speed, thus it isunpredictable
The entry of PV Power Plant into grid couldmake voltage range variate higher than withoutpenetration of PV Power plant
Sumber : - ELP and Power Grid International- Researchgate 2016
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Voltage RegulatorAccording to voltage characteristic at intermittent power plant, it will beneeded voltage regulator (Volt-VAR Control). Volt-VAR control will actas profile voltage buffer and supporting electromechanical voltageregulator.
Sumber : ELP and Power Grid International
1. Downward ramping capability Thermal resources operating to serve loads at night must be ramped downward and potentially shut down to make room for a significant influx of solar energy after the sun rises.
2. Minimum generation flexibilityOvergeneration may occur during hours with high renewable production even if thermal resources and imports are reduced to their minimum levels. A system with more flexibility to reduce thermal generation will incur less overgeneration.
3.Upwardrampingcapability
Thermalresourcesmustrampquicklyfromminimumlevelsduringdaytimehoursandnewunitsmayberequiredtostarttomeethighnetpeakdemandoccurringshortlyaftersundown.
4.Peakingcapability
Thesystemwillneedenoughresourcestomeetthehighestnet-loadswithsufficientreliability
Power plant characteristic to compensate Intermittent RE Power Plant
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60MW
Back Up Unit
Because of renewable power plant intermittency, fast response power plants (GasFired Power Plant/PLTG or Diesel Fired Power Plant/PLTD) are needed as a backup when the load of RE power plant is decreasing
PLTS Unit Back Up
TML
60MW
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Example Duck Curve in California regarding withIntermittent Renewable penetration
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Maximum capacity in one time
Maximum capacity of Intermittent Units are limited by: 1. Ramp up/ down ability of thermal power plant2. Thermal power plant technical minimum load + regulator power plant3. Start up/down speed of thermal power plant4. Capacity of power plant which can act as frequency regulator
Power Plant RampRate
CoalFiredSteamPowerPlant(PLTU) 1– 5MW/minutes
GasFiredSteamPowerPlant(PLTGU) 5– 8MW/minutes
GasFiredPowerPlant(PLTG) 15– 20MW/minutes
HydroPowerPlant(PLTA) 20– 50MW/minutes
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Quota of acceptable Intermittent Power Plant capacity to be integrated to Java Bali System
Phase Year Load(MW)
RM Quota(MW)
Constraint
∆AverageCost
Prasyarat
1 2018– 2020 30.792 36% 200 LFC ≈ LFC
2 2020– 2022 34.581 38% 1000 Spinningreserve,MustRununit
+
+AGC,WeatherMonitoringSystem,FastResponse(10minutesfullload)andflexible
3 2022– 2024 38.150 44% 3000 Peakerpowerplantcapacity
≈
+PumpStorage UpperCisokan,StorageSystem,FSRU/CNGTerminal
4 >2024 44.518 30%20%PeakLoad
USCCFSPPTML,FastResponse Unit
- +PowerMarket
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Java Bali System Duck Curve
19524
22906
25665
31007
23424
27482
30792
44518
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
0.30
1.00
1.30
2.00
2.30
3.00
3.30
4.00
4.30
5.00
5.30
6.00
6.30
7.00
7.30
8.00
8.30
9.00
9.30
10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
16.30
17.00
17.30
18.00
18.30
19.00
19.30
20.00
20.30
21.00
21.30
22.00
22.30
23.00
23.30
24.00
2020
ENERGIPLTS
2027
2017
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Recommendation1. Building cooperation and knowledge sharing with well-experienced Sister Company
(abroad)2. Grid Code Revision 3. Weather Monitoring System is needed4. Fast Response (Pump Storage)5. Flexibility in Gas supply/facility (FSRU/CNG Terminal)6. Power plants with lower technical minimum load and capability of start/stop operation7. Transmission bottlenecking clearance8. Electric Vehicle usage promotion (Green to Green)9. System Stability (HVDC Link)10. Evolving existing energy transaction to power market
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