Materi - reezeki2011 | Tutorial & Bahan pengembangan Diri ... · Security. Ad hoc queries ... Contoh laporan yang terintegrasi Weekly Sales Analysis 2/01/04 ... Project cost report

Materi

1. Era Informasi2. Strategi dan Peluang Yang Kompetitif3. Database dan Database Warehouse4. Desain Database5. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dan Sistem Cerdas6. E-Commerce

DATABASE DAN DATA WAREHOUSE

Pertemuan 04

3 SKS

Data Base & Data Warehouse

• Pendahuluan• Relational Database• Queries• Merancang Database• Data warehouse• Membuat Form dengan Access• Mengintegrasikan informasi

Pendahuluan• Sebagian besar perusahaan saat ini sudah menggunakan

database / datawarehouse sebagai tempat menyimpan datanya. Data ini kemudian diolah menjadi informasi yang bisa digunakan sebagai bahan dalam pengambilan keputusan

• Model pendukung pengambilan keputusan:–OLTP Online transaction processing

• Informasi yang diproses secara online seperti: payroll, pembuatan order penjualan dan lain-lain.

• OLTP termasuk mengumpulkan informasi serta– OLAP Online Analytical processing

• Digunakan untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Yaitu dengan memanipulasi informasi untuk mendukung keputusan

DatabaseDBMS

Programs

Sales and transaction data

Reports and

ad hoc queries

Pendahuluan

Data

DatabaseManagement

System

Program Program

Business Operations

Ad Hoc Queriesand Reports

ProgrammerAnalyst

Database Administrator

Business Needs

Programs& Revisions

Managers

(Standards, Design, and Control)

Data Collectionand TransactionProcessing

Pendahuluan

Character = bagian terkecil dari sebuah informasiField = gabungan dari beberapa character

(contoh ; nama, produk , dll)Record = gabungan dari satu atau beberapa fieldFile = hubungan secara logika dari record-2

Physical Logical

Bit

Byte

Word

Tech

nolo

gyin

terfa

ce

Character

Field

Record

File

Database

Data warehouse

Pendahuluan

Pendahuluan• Database adalah : Gabungan informasi yang

diorganisasi dan di akses sesuai dengan strukturnya

• Logical structure : mengunakan sebuah database , mengorganisasi dan mengakses sesuai dengan struktur logika, bukan struktur phisik

• Data dictionary : Berisi informasi struktur logika dalam database

Pendahuluan• Database management system (DBMS): software

yang secara khusus digunakan untuk mengorganisasi database dan mengaksesnya

• DBMS berisi 5 komponen software penting, yaitu : 1. DBMS engine 2. Data definition subsystem 3. Data manipulation subsystem4. Application generation subsystem5. Data administration subsystem

Membuat dan merubah struktur logika

Melakukan Query

Menu, data entry, laporan dan software aplikasi

Siapa yang dapat menggunakan informasi, bagaimana metode backup dan recovery, Perubahan struktur

Data definition

Data manipulation

App. Generation

Data Administration

DBM

S en

gine

Database

Pendahuluan

Model Database1. Relational database2. Object oriented database3. Hierarchical database4. Network database

Phone Name Address City312-555-1234 Jones 123 Main Chicago502-555-8876 Smith 456 Oak Glasgow602-555-9987 Juarez 887 Ribera Phoenix612-555-4325 Olsen 465 Thor Minneapolis

Customer Table

Customer Date Salesperson Total_sale502-555-8876 3/3/04 2223 157.92602-555-9987 4/4/04 8876 295.53612-555-4325 4/9/04 8876 132.94502-555-8876 5/7/04 3345 183.67

Orders Table

TablesRowsColumnsPrimary keys

Data typesTextDates & timesNumbersObjects

1. Relational Database

Permasalahan dalam Programming

Data and programTidak terdokumentasiMultiuserPerubahan-perubahan

InvoiceProgram

BillingProgram

file 1

customers

file A

file B


Focus on dataStable dataPrograms change.

Data independenceChange programs without altering data.

Data integrityAccuracy.Time.Concurrency.Security.

Ad hoc queriesSpeed of development

Report writers.Input forms.Data manipulation.

Flexibility & Queries

Keuntungan :

All Data Files

Database ManagementSystem

InvoiceProgram

BillingProgram


Single TableComputationsJoining Tables

1) Output apa yang akan dilihat?2) Table apa saja yang terkait?3) Apa yang sudah diketahui? (constraints)4) Bagaimana join masing masing table?

4 pertanyaan dalam membuat query

Query

Single Table

CID Name Phone City AccountBalance28764 Adamz 602-999-2539 Phoenix 197.5487535 James 305-777-2235 Miami 255.9344453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver 863.3929587 Smitz 206-676-7763 Seattle 353.76

Sample Data

Access Query Screen (QBE)

Query

Sample Data

Access Query Screen (QBE)


Query: customer di kota Denver yang mana yang memiliki balance lebih dari $200?

Query

Query: customers yang mana yang mempunyai balance lebih dari$200?SQL: SELECT CID, Name, Phone, City, AccountBalance

FROM CustomersWHERE AccountBalance > 200 ;

Query: customers di kota Denver yang mana yang mempunyai balance lebih dari$200?SQL: SELECT CID, City, AccountBalancel

FROM CustomersWHERE AccountBalance > 200 and City = “Denver”ORDER BY Name ASC ;


SQL (structure query language)Query

SELECT columns

FROM tables

JOIN link columns

WHERE conditions

GROUP BY column

ORDER BY column (ASC | DESC)

Aturan dalam SQL

Query

Sum

Avg

Min

Max

Count

StDev

Var

Perhitungan SELECT Count(C#), AVG(AccountBalance)FROM Customers ;

Query

Group & Sub total QBE

SELECT City, AVG(AccountBalance)FROM CustomersGROUP BY City ;

SQL

City AVG(AccountBalance)Chicago 197.54Denver 863.39Miami 255.93Phoenix 526.76Seattle 353.76

Sample Output

Query

CID Name Phone City AccountBalance12345 Jones 312-555-1234 Chicago $197.5428764 Adams 602-999-2539 Phoenix $526.7629587 Smitz 206-656-7763 Seattle $353.7644453 Kolke 303-888-8876 Denver $863.3987535 James 305-777-2235 Miami $255.98

Customers

SID Name DateHired Phone Commission225 West 5/23/75 213-333-2345 5452 Zeke 8/15/94 213-343-5553 3554 Jabbar 7/15/91 213-534-8876 4663 Bird 9/12/93 213-225-3335 4887 Johnson 2/2/92 213-887-6635 4

ItemID Description Price1154 Corn Broom $1.002254 Blue Jeans $12.003342 Paper Towels--3 rolls $1.007653 Laundry Detergent $2.008763 Men's Boots $15.009987 Candy Popcorn $0.50

OrderID CID SID Odate Amount117 12345 887 3/3/2004 $57.92125 87535 663 4/4/2004 $123.54157 12345 554 4/9/2004 $297.89169 29587 255 5/5/2004 $89.93178 44453 663 5/1/2004 $154.89188 29587 554 5/8/2004 $325.46201 12345 887 5/28/2004 $193.58211 44453 255 6/9/2004 $201.39213 44453 255 6/9/2004 $154.15215 87535 887 6/9/2004 $563.27280 28764 663 5/27/2004 $255.32

OID ItemID Quantity117 1154 2117 3342 1117 7653 4125 1154 4125 8763 3157 7653 2169 3342 1169 9987 5178 2254 1

Salespeople

Items

Orders

ItemsSold

Beberapa table

Link table

Contoh query

QBE

SQL

HasilCID ODate44453 6/9/200444453 6/9/200487535 6/9/200428764 6/27/2004

SELECT CID, ODateFROM OrdersWHERE Odate >= #6/1/2004# ;

Customer (CID) yang mana yang terdaftar diatas tgl 1 juni 2004?

CustomersCID name city home business fax service11 Jones Chicago 111-1111 222-2222 222-35534 876-345622 Smith Chicago 111-4567 444-535333 James Chicago 111-2567 222-897644 Ricci Chicago 333-8765

CID name city11 Jones Chicago22 Smith Chicago33 James Chicago44 Ricci Chicago

Customers(CID, name, city)CID phone_type number11 home 111-111111 business 222-222211 fax 222-353411 service 876-345622 home 111-458722 service 444-535333 home 111-256744 fax 333-8765

Phones(CID, phone_type, number)

Primary keysSatu nilai dalam setiap cellColumn tergantung kepada key

Merancang Database

Table name

Primary key

Table columns

Customer (CustomerID, Phone, Name, Address, City, State, ZipCode)

CustomerID Phone LastName FirstName Address City State ZipCode1 502-666-7777 Johnson Martha 125 Main Street Alvaton KY 421222 502-888-6464 Smith Jack 873 Elm Street Bowling Green KY 421013 502-777-7575 Washington Elroy 95 Easy Street Smith's Grove KY 421714 502-333-9494 Adams Samuel 746 Brown Drive Alvaton KY 421225 502-474-4746 Rabitz Victor 645 White Avenue Bowling Green KY 421026 615-373-4746 Steinmetz Susan 15 Speedway Drive Portland TN 371487 615-888-4474 Lasater Les 67 S. Ray Drive Portland TN 371488 615-452-1162 Jones Charlie 867 Lakeside Drive Castalian Springs TN 370319 502-222-4351 Chavez Juan 673 Industry Blvd. Caneyville KY 4272110 502-444-2512 Rojo Maria 88 Main Street Cave City KY 42127

Notasi :

Merancang Database

Input screen :Text/Labels Data Variables

Scrolling Region/Subform

CommandButtons

Record Selectors- Subform- Main

Report writer :

Report header, Page header, Break/Group header, Detail, Footers

Contoh laporan :

Membuat menu untuk user :

1. Setup Choices2. Data Input3. Print Reports4. DOS Utilities5. Backups

Main MenuDaily Sales ReportsFriday Sales MeetingMonthly Customer Letters

Quit

Customer Information

Setiap orang dalam suatu perusahaan termasuk manajer, sales dan lainnya menginginkan untuk mengakses data yang sama dalam organisasi tersebut

Mengintegrasikan Informasi

Daily Sales Report February 7, 2004

Department Item# Q-sold Price ValueHouse 1153 52 2.95 153.40

5543 13 0.59 7.67W.Clothing 5563 1 87.32 87.32

7765 4 54.89 219.569986 2 15.69 31.38

Shoes 1553 2 65.79 131.586673 1 29.39 29.39

Total Sales: 660.30

Returned Merchandise LogFebruary 7, 2004

Item# Q Price Value1153 3 2.95 8.853353 6 27.59 165.544453 2 15.95 31.908878 1 24.95 24.95

Total 12 231.24

Commissions February 7, 2004

Emp# Name Dept Sales Rate Amount1143 Jones House 543.95 5% 27.202895 Brown M.Clothing 775.35 4% 31.014462 Smith W.Clothing 1,544.52 5% 77.237893 Torrez Shoes 876.93 6% 52.629963 Cousco M.Clothing 589.47 5% 29.47

Contoh

Contoh laporan yang terintegrasi

Weekly Sales Analysis 2/01/04 - 2/07/04

Department AnalysisDept Sales Returns Commissions NetHouse 4,113.58 25.35 205.68 3,882.55W.Clothing 54,221.92 998.52 3,024.64 50,198.76M.Clothing 28,664.48 356.24 1,421.58 26,886.66Shoes 10,225.31 853.47 592.36 8,779.48Total: 97,225.29 2,233.58 5,244.26 89,747.45

Sales & Net Sales

0200004000060000

House W. Cloth. M. Cloth. Shoes

MIS pada tahun 1960 - 1970

Purchasing:Orders

Sales:Orders

Production:MRP

Marketing:Forecasts

Accounting:Integrated DataSeparateReports

35

Perubahan Pada MIS

salesdata

3 reports(printed) weekly reports

1970sSalesTerminals

SalesTerminals

Centralcomputer:

create reports

Manager:Integrate, graph

analyze Secretary:type & revise

Management

salesdata

3 reports(printed) weekly reports

1980sSalesTerminals

SalesTerminals

Centralcomputer:

create reports

Manager:Integrate, graph

analyze

Management

personal computer

salesdata

1990sSalesTerminals

SalesTerminals

DBMS:On-line data

Personal ComputerWeekly reports &ad hoc queries(applications)

Managementquery

data

Integrasi informasi pada tahun 2000

salesdata

SalesTerminals

SalesTerminals

DBMS

Executive InformationSystem

Personal ComputerOr PDA

Or Browser

Management

query

data

Suppliers

Banks

Production/Service

Enterprise Resource Planning

Business integration

Vendors Customers

Design &Engineering

Marketing

Distribution

Manufacturing

Purchasing

Administration & Management

HRM Accounting Finance MIS

Just-in-Time

Quality control & Custom orders

QuickResponse

Designs and Quality

MassCustomization

Demand-pull

Design feasibility& production costs

product planning

partnerships& jointdevelopment

partnerships& jointdevelopment

planning& monitoring

planning& monitoring

Intergrasi ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning)

Database

Headquarters(France)

Database

Subsidiary(Spain)

Financial dataGeneral ledgerPayroll…

ManufacturingProduct detailsInventory…

Use inventory item.Deduct quantity.Update inventory value.

Check for reorder point.Order new item through EDI.Update Accounts payable.

Project cost report.Daily production report.

Weekly financial status.Cash flow.Budget versus actual cost.

ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning)• Integrated systems• Examples

– SAP– Peoplesoft– Lawson– J.D. Edwards– Dll.

• Basic features included– Accounting– Purchasing– HRM– Investment management

• International environment– Multiple currencies– Multiple languages– Procedures and practices– Follows local (national) rules– Follows consolidation rules

SAP• Pertama di Jerman,

sekarang sudah mendunia• Mendukung transaksi

internasional dan perusahaan multinasional

• Dapat dijalankan pada beberapa platform database dan hardware

• Dapat menangani perusahaan kecil / besar

• Mahal, tetapi harga itu relative.

• Financials• Logistics• Human

resource management

SAP Financial• Treasury

– Cash management– Treasury management– Market risk management– Funds management

• Enterprise Control– Executive information

system– Business planning and

budgeting– Profit center accounting– Consolidation

• Financial Accounting– General ledger– Accounts receivable/payable– Special ledgers– Fixed assets– Legal consolidation

• Investment Management– Investment planning/budgeting/control– Depreciation

forecast/simulation/calculate• Controls

– Overhead cost– Activity based costing– Product cost– Profitability analysis

SAP Logistik• Product data management

– Master data management– Design and change process– Product structure– Development projects

• Sales and distribution– Sales activities– Sales order management– Shipping and transportation– Billing– Sales information system

• Production planning and control– Production planning– Material requirements planning– Production control and capacity planning– Costing– Order information system– Shop floor information system

• Project system– Work breakdown structures– Network planning techniques,

milestones– Cost, revenue, financial, schedule, and

resource management– Earned value calculation– Project information system

SAP Logistik• Materials management

– Purchasing– Inventory management– Warehouse management– Invoice verification– Inventory controlling– Purchasing information system

• Quality management– Quality planning– Quality inspections– Quality control– Quality notifications and

certificates– Quality management information

system

• Plant maintenance– Structuring technical

systems– Maintenance resource

planning– Maintenance planning– System for technical and

cost accounting data– Maintenance information

system

SAP Logistik• Service management

– Customer installed base administration– Service contract management– Call management– Billing– Service information system

• Integration– When the clerk enters a sale, bills are generated

automatically (mail, fax, or EDI).– Sales and revenue are instantly updated in

financial and control modules.– The sales information system and EIS provide

various up-to-date views and reports.

SAP HRM (Human Resources management)

• Personnel management– HR master data– Personnel

administration– Information systems– Recruitment– Travel management– Benefits administration– Salary administration

• Organizational management– Organization structure– Staffing schedules– Job descriptions– Planning scenarios– Personnel cost

planning

• Payroll accounting– Gross/net accounting– History function– Dialog capability– Multi-currency

capability– International solutions

• Time management– Shift planning– Work schedules– Time recording– Absence

determination– Error handling

• Personnel development

– Career and succession planning

– Profile comparisons

– Qualifications assessments

– Additional training determination

– Training and event management

Design Team

Client HQConnecticut

Finance & Management Team

- Consulting HQ California

Design Projectorigination

Singapore Design Plans

Changes

Changes& Corrections

Problems &Suggestions

Costs & Budgets

Changes &Costs

Cost Analysis Cost targets& comments

Changes &Suggestions

MessageSupplierContact

Database

DesignProposals

SupplierContact

Database

MessageDesign

Proposals

CostAnalyses

1

2

3

4Message

Contoh Workgroup

Praktek :Menggunakan aplikasi Access untuk mengelola database

Documents

Materi - reezeki2011 | Tutorial & Bahan pengembangan Diri ... · Security. Ad hoc queries ... Contoh laporan yang terintegrasi Weekly Sales Analysis 2/01/04 ... Project cost report