3
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Research Questions, Methodological Approach ............................................................................................. 7
2. State of Research ................................................................................................................................................11
3. Note on Transliteration, Dates, Footnotes and Text Structure ..................................................................14
Chapter 1.......................................................................................................................................................................16
Cathedral of Christ the Savior and Russian Identity in Tsarist Russia ...............................................................16
1.1. Cathedral of Christ the Savior as a National Church ................................................................................17
1.2. First Plan of the Cathedral .............................................................................................................................19
1.3. Second Plan for the Cathedral.......................................................................................................................22
1.3.1. Description ...............................................................................................................................................22
1.3.2. National Style ...........................................................................................................................................24
1.3.3. National Style and National Identity – Byzantine Heritage or Russian Sovereignty? ..................27
1.3.4. Reception of Ton’s Cathedral and the Legacy of Russian-Byzantine Style in the Context of
Russian “National Self-perception” ................................................................................................................33
Concluding Remarks ..............................................................................................................................................36
Chapter 2.......................................................................................................................................................................38
Palace of the Soviets: Rupture and Continuity. ......................................................................................................38
2.1. The Cathedral from its Consecration to the Revolution ..........................................................................38
2.2. Destruction .......................................................................................................................................................39
2.3. Search for a New Symbol of Soviet Identity ...............................................................................................40
Concluding Remarks ..............................................................................................................................................44
Chapter 3.......................................................................................................................................................................46
Reconstructing the Cathedral. The Search for Post-Soviet Russian Identity. ...................................................46
3.1. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior as a Symbol of New Russia .............................................................47
3.1.1. Coming to Terms with Soviet Past and Proposals for New Russian Identity ...............................47
3.1.2. El’cin’s Speech and its Analysis .............................................................................................................49
3.2. Orthodoxy in the New Russian Identity, Cathedral as a Sign of Desecularization ..............................52
3.3. Project of the Construction. Public Debate between its Opponents and Defenders. .........................57
Concluding Remarks ..............................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 4.......................................................................................................................................................................64
The Cathedral as a Stage for Protest. Re-formulation of Russian Identity. .......................................................64
4
4.1. Description of the Incident ...........................................................................................................................65
4.2. Orthodox Hierarchy and Russian Government .........................................................................................67
4.3. Official Discourse............................................................................................................................................72
4.4. Reaction of the Public ....................................................................................................................................76
4.5. Participants’ Comments .................................................................................................................................78
As a Conclusion: ..........................................................................................................................................................83
Cathedral of Christ the Savior in the longue durée Approach .................................................................................83
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................87
General Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................87
Sources ......................................................................................................................................................................94
Sources Chapter 1 ..............................................................................................................................................94
Sources Chapter 2 ..............................................................................................................................................95
Sources Chapter 3 ..............................................................................................................................................96
Sources Chapter 4 ..............................................................................................................................................99
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 103
Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................................................... 105
Annex ......................................................................................................................................................................... 106
Tables ..................................................................................................................................................................... 106
Texts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 109
Illustrations ........................................................................................................................................................... 115
