MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS - Province of Manitobacontent.gov.mb.ca/mit/hpd/pdf/project_p4/chapters/master_toc.pdf · PROJECT 4 – ALL-SEASON ROAD ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT MASTER

PROJECT 4 – ALL-SEASON ROAD ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS

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GLOSSARY, UNITS, AND ABBREVIATIONS

Chapter 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ......................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 The Proponent – Manitoba East Side Road Authority ..................................................... 1-1

1.1.1 Contact Information ........................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Corporate and Management Structures ............................................................. 1-2 1.1.3 Document Preparation ....................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Project Overview .............................................................................................................. 1-3 1.2.1 The East Side Transportation Initiative .............................................................. 1-7

1.3 Project Location ............................................................................................................... 1-9 1.3.1 Coordinates ......................................................................................................... 1-9 1.3.2 Current Land Use ................................................................................................ 1-9 1.3.3 Proximity to Federal Lands ............................................................................... 1-11 1.3.4 Environmental Significance of the Area ........................................................... 1-11 1.3.5 Proximity to Environmentally Sensitive Areas .................................................. 1-11 1.3.6 Proximity to Local and Aboriginal Communities, Treaty Lands, and

Reserves ............................................................................................................ 1-12 1.4 Regulatory Framework and the Role of Government ................................................... 1-12

1.4.1 Federal Regulatory Requirements .................................................................... 1-12 1.4.2 Provincial Regulatory Requirements ................................................................ 1-15

1.5 Environmental Impact Assessment Overview ............................................................... 1-17 1.6 Report Organization ....................................................................................................... 1-18

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Proposed P4 All-Season Road Alignment ........................................................................ 1-4 Figure 1-2: Junction of P1 All-Season Road Alignment at Berens River First Nation ......................... 1-5 Figure 1-3: Proposed P4 All-Season Road Terminus at Poplar River First Nation .............................. 1-6 Figure 1-4: Regional Transportation Network of Planned All-Season Roads on the East Side

of Lake Winnipeg in the Large Area Transportation Network Study ............................... 1-8 Figure 1-5: Land Cover in the Vicinity of the Proposed P4 Project .................................................. 1-10 Figure 1-6: Regional Parks and Protected Areas .............................................................................. 1-13 Figure 1-7: Locations of Major Water Crossings .............................................................................. 1-14 Figure 1-8: Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment Approach .......................................... 1-18



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Chapter 2

2.0 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED .................................................. 2-1 2.1 Project Need and Purpose ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1.1 Project Need ....................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Background ......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.3 Purpose of the Project ........................................................................................ 2-3

2.2 Project Alternatives ......................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.1 Alternative Transportation Options .................................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 Road Route Alignment ........................................................................................ 2-5 2.2.3 Watercourse Crossings ....................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.4 Other Components ............................................................................................. 2-9

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Alternative Surface and Air Transportation Modes ......................................................... 2-4 Table 2.2: Chronology of Alignment Revisions to the P4 All-Season Road Route Options

(Refer to Figure 2-1) ......................................................................................................... 2-7

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2 1: History of the P4 All-Season Road Alignment Alternatives Table .................................... 2-6

Chapter 3

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Scope of the Project ......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Project Phases .................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2.1 Planning Phase .................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 Design Phase ....................................................................................................... 3-3 3.2.3 Construction Phase ............................................................................................. 3-3 3.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Phase .................................................................... 3-5 3.2.5 Decommissioning ................................................................................................ 3-5

3.3 Project Components ........................................................................................................ 3-5 3.3.1 All-Season Road .................................................................................................. 3-6 3.3.2 Watercourse Crossings ....................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.3 Temporary Access ............................................................................................. 3-16



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3.3.4 Temporary Construction Staging Areas ............................................................ 3-16 3.3.5 Temporary Construction Camps ....................................................................... 3-17 3.3.6 Quarries and Borrow Areas .............................................................................. 3-17 3.3.7 Facilities for the Storage of Explosives ............................................................. 3-20

3.4 Project Activities ............................................................................................................ 3-20 3.4.1 Right-of-Way Clearing Activities ....................................................................... 3-20 3.4.2 Blasting Activities .............................................................................................. 3-20 3.4.3 Road Construction Activities ............................................................................. 3-22 3.4.4 Alterations to Linked Roadways ....................................................................... 3-22 3.4.5 Bridge Construction Activities........................................................................... 3-23 3.4.6 Culvert Installation Activities ............................................................................ 3-24 3.4.7 Closure and Reclamation of Temporary Components ...................................... 3-24 3.4.8 Road Maintenance Activities ............................................................................ 3-25 3.4.9 Bridge and Culvert Maintenance Activities ...................................................... 3-26

3.5 Construction Vehicles and Equipment ........................................................................... 3-26 3.6 Project Construction Materials ...................................................................................... 3-27 3.7 Fuel and Hazardous Materials ....................................................................................... 3-29 3.8 Potable Water Supply .................................................................................................... 3-29 3.9 Waste and Hazardous Materials Handling, Disposal and Treatment ............................ 3-29 3.10 Project Workforce .......................................................................................................... 3-30 3.11 Project Schedule ............................................................................................................ 3-31 3.12 Project Funding .............................................................................................................. 3-31

LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Geometric Design Criteria for the Proposed P4 Project .................................................. 3-7 Table 3.2: List of Watercourse Crossings and Proposed Crossing Standards ................................... 3-9 Table 3.3: Crossing Structures with Navigation Requirements ...................................................... 3-10 Table 3.4: Project Activities Expected During Construction and Operation and Maintenance

Project Phases ................................................................................................................ 3-21 Table 3.5: Expected Construction Equipment and Vehicles Used for Project Components .......... 3-26 Table 3.6: Expected Construction Materials List ............................................................................ 3-27 Table 3.7: Projected Quantities of Raw Materials Required for P4 Construction .......................... 3-28 Table 3.8: Expected Fuels and Hazardous Materials List ................................................................ 3-29 Table 3.9: Planned Schedule for the P4 All-Season Road ............................................................... 3-31



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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Proposed P1 and P4 All-Season Roads on the East Side of Lake Winnipeg ..................... 3-2 Figure 3-2: Proposed P4 All-Season Road Alignment ........................................................................ 3-4 Figure 3-3: P4 All-Season Road Proposed Watercourse Crossings .................................................... 3-8 Figure 3-4: Locations of Bridge Crossings ........................................................................................ 3-11 Figure 3-5: Example of Culvert Installation Method for Boreal Fen and Bog Areas (after

Louisiana Pacific et al. 2014) .......................................................................................... 3-15 Figure 3-6: Potential Construction Quarry Sites .............................................................................. 3-19

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 3-1: Typical Multi-Span Bridge with Piers – Longbody Creek (P1 All-Season Road) ...... 3-13 Photograph 3-2: Typical Clear-Span Bridge – Loon Creek (P1 All-Season Road) ................................ 3-13 Photograph 3-3: Typical Multi-Culvert Stream Crossing .................................................................... 3-14 Photograph 3-4: Typical Single-Culvert Stream Crossing ................................................................... 3-14 Photograph 3-5: Typical All-Season Road 60 Metre-Wide Right-of-Way Clearing for

Construction ............................................................................................................ 3-22 Photograph 3-6: Typical Road Construction along an All-Season Road Right-of-Way ....................... 3-23

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 3-1: Project Drawings Appendix 3-2: Representative Watercourse Crossing Design Drawings Appendix 3-3: Potential Quarry Site Locations Appendix 3-4: Examples of Erosion and Sedimentation Control Methods Appendix 3-5: Culvert Installation at Environmentally Sensitive Watercourse Crossings Appendix 3-6: ESRA’s Native Seed Mix for Revegetation

Chapter 4

4.0 ABORIGINAL AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Aboriginal and Public Engagement Objectives and Approaches ..................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Engagement Methods ......................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.3 Traditional Knowledge ........................................................................................ 4-5

4.2 Engagement History on the East Side of Lake Winnipeg ................................................. 4-6

4.2.1 Initial Provincial Engagement Steps .................................................................... 4-6



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4.2.2 The East Side of Lake Winnipeg All-Weather Road Feasibility Study ................. 4-8 4.2.3 Large Area Transportation Network Study ....................................................... 4-11 4.2.4 Project Level Planning and Design – Road Alignment Selection and

Refinement ....................................................................................................... 4-14 4.3 The P4 Aboriginal and Public Engagement Program ..................................................... 4-16

4.3.1 Round 4 (April 2015) – P4 Project Overview and Environmental Impact Assessment ....................................................................................................... 4-17

4.3.2 Round 5 (May 2015) – EIA: Valued Components, Potential Effects and Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 4-19

4.3.3 Round 6 (August/September 2015) – EIA: Potential Effects and Mitigation Confirmation ..................................................................................................... 4-22

4.4 Additional Engagement Information ............................................................................. 4-26

4.4.1 Aboriginal Communities ................................................................................... 4-27 4.4.2 Government Engagement ................................................................................. 4-33 4.4.3 Other Stakeholder Engagement ....................................................................... 4-34

4.5 Summary of Key Engagement Activities ........................................................................ 4-34

4.6 Summary of Questions/Comments and Responses ...................................................... 4-36

4.7 Future Engagement Activities ........................................................................................ 4-38

LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Aboriginal and Public Engagement and Coordination Methods Used by ESRA for

Projects on the East Side of Lake Winnipeg Including Project 4...................................... 4-4 Table 4.2: Summary of Community Comments Related to Existing and Future Road

Networks Compiled by the Feasibility Study (Dillon Consulting Limited and H.N. Westdal & Associates 2000) .......................................................................................... 4-10

Table 4.3: Summary of Key Round 3 Meetings with Berens River and Poplar River First Nations ........................................................................................................................... 4-15

Table 4.4: Training Courses Delivered to Berens River and Poplar River First Nations Community Members .................................................................................................... 4-29

Table 4.5: Summary of P4 All-Season Road Engagement Activities ............................................... 4-35 Table 4.6: Summary of Key Comments Received, Response and Reference Location in the

EIA .................................................................................................................................. 4-37 Table 4.7: Summary of Proposed Future Engagement Activities & Notifications .......................... 4-39



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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4-1: Steps to Select, Design and Construct an All-Season Road ............................................. 4-2 Figure 4-2: Areas of TK that Inform the EIS ........................................................................................ 4-6 Figure 4-3: Key Elements of the East Side Planning Initiative ............................................................ 4-7 Figure 4-4: Summary of ESRA’s All-Season Road Planning Process and Rounds of Public

Engagement ................................................................................................................... 4-12 Figure 4-5: Regional Transportation Network of Planned All-Season Roads on the East Side

of Lake Winnipeg in the Large Area Transportation Network Study ............................. 4-13 Figure 4-6: Community Input into Potential Effects and Proposed Mitigation ............................... 4-23

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 4-1: Berens River First Nation/NAC In-Community Meeting (Round 4) ......................... 4-18 Photograph 4-2: Poplar River First Nation In-Community Meeting (Round 4) .................................. 4-19 Photograph 4-3: Berens River First Nation/NAC In-Community Meeting (Round 5) ......................... 4-21 Photograph 4-4: Winnipeg Public Open House (Round 5) ................................................................. 4-22 Photograph 4-5: Poplar River First Nation In-Community Meeting (Round 6) .................................. 4-25 Photograph 4-6: Winnipeg Public Open House (September 2015) .................................................... 4-26

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 4-1: Round 1 APEP Questions and Comments Appendix 4-2: Round 2 APEP Questions and Comments Appendix 4-3: Round 3 APEP Meeting Information Appendix 4-4: Round 4 APEP Questions and Comments Appendix 4-5: Round 5 APEP Questions and Comments Appendix 4-6: Round 6 APEP Questions and Comments Appendix 4-7: Community Interest in Project 4 Appendix 4-8: Project Comments from First Nations Community Engagement and ESRA Responses Appendix 4-9: Project Comments from Manitoba Metis Federation and ESRA Responses

Chapter 5

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ..................................... 5-1 5.1 ESRA’s Environmental Program ....................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Environmental Protection - Project Planning .................................................................. 5-9

5.2.1 Design Mitigation and Community and Stakeholder Input ................................ 5-9



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5.3 Environmental Protection - Construction Planning ....................................................... 5-11

5.3.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ......................................................... 5-11 5.3.2 Environmental Protection Procedures (EPPs) .................................................. 5-13

5.4 Environmental Protection – Construction ..................................................................... 5-13

5.4.1 Contract Specifications ..................................................................................... 5-13 5.4.2 Contractor-Required Plans ............................................................................... 5-11

5.5 Environmental Protection – Operations and Maintenance ........................................... 5-12

5.6 Management Structure, Compliance and Reporting ..................................................... 5-13

5.6.1 Project Design ................................................................................................... 5-13 5.6.2 Project Construction ......................................................................................... 5-13 5.6.3 Contractor’s Requirements ............................................................................... 5-14

5.7 Commitment to Sustainable Development ................................................................... 5-14

LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1: Design Mitigation Resulting from Community Feedback Related to Changes in

the P4 All-Season Road Route Options .......................................................................... 5-10

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5 1: ESRA’s Environmental Program across Project Stages .................................................... 5-3 Figure 5-2: ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Structure ........................................... 5-12

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 5-1: ESRA’s Environmental Protection Policy Appendix 5-2: Framework for ESRA’s Environmental Management Plan Appendix 5-3: ESRA’s Environmental Protection Procedures Appendix 5-4: ESRA’s GR130s Environmental Protection Specifications Appendix 5-5: ESRA’s GR140s Workplace Safety and Health Specifications Appendix 5-6: ESRA’s Safe Work Plan Appendix 5-7 Sustainability Assessment of the Proposed P4 All-Season Road Project



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Chapter 6

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND APPROACH ......................................... 6-1 6.1 Scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................ 6-1 6.2 Project Assessment Boundaries ....................................................................................... 6-3

6.2.1 Area Boundaries.................................................................................................. 6-3 6.2.2 Temporal Boundaries .......................................................................................... 6-6

6.3 Information Sources for the Environmental Impact Assessment .................................... 6-6 6.3.1 Other Environmental Assessments ..................................................................... 6-8 6.3.2 Baseline Studies and Site Visits ........................................................................... 6-9 6.3.3 Traditional Knowledge, Land Use & Heritage Resource Studies ........................ 6-9 6.3.4 Aboriginal and Public Engagement ................................................................... 6-10 6.3.5 Other Local Area Information Sources ............................................................. 6-10

6.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Methods ................................................................ 6-10 6.4.1 Selection of Valued Components ..................................................................... 6-11 6.4.2 Identification of Potential Environmental Effects of the Project Prior to

Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 6-13 6.4.3 Initial Screening of Potential Environmental Effects ........................................ 6-14 6.4.4 Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 6-14 6.4.5 Determining Significance of Residual Effects ................................................... 6-14

LIST OF TABLES Table 6.1: Information Sources for the EIA ...................................................................................... 6-7 Table 6.2: Factors Considered in Determining Potential Environmental Effects ........................... 6-13 Table 6.3: Description of Assessment Criteria and Levels of Potential Environmental Effects ...... 6-16

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 6-1: Local Assessment Area ..................................................................................................... 6-4 Figure 6-2: Regional Assessment Area ............................................................................................... 6-5

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 6-1: Valued Components (VCs) and Rationale for Selection



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Chapter 7

7.0 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 Climate and Climate Change ............................................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 7-4 7.1.3 Physiography ....................................................................................................... 7-4 7.1.4 Surface Water and Groundwater ..................................................................... 7-11 7.1.5 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................... 7-17 7.1.6 Valued Components ......................................................................................... 7-17

7.2 Environmental Effects and Mitigation ........................................................................... 7-18 7.2.1 Valued Components and Project Interactions .................................................. 7-18 7.2.2 Assessment of Potential Effects ........................................................................ 7-20 7.2.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 7-20 7.2.4 Effects on Surface Water, Air Quality and Noise .............................................. 7-21

7.3 Summary of Project Residual Effects and Conclusion ................................................... 7-38 7.3.1 Surface Water ................................................................................................... 7-38 7.3.2 Air Quality ......................................................................................................... 7-41 7.3.3 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................... 7-43

LIST OF TABLES Table 7.1: Monthly Temperature, Rainfall and Snowfall Data from the Berens River Climate

Station (1981-2010) ......................................................................................................... 7-2 Table 7.2: Surficial Geology of the Local Assessment Area .............................................................. 7-9 Table 7.3: Key Attributes of River Crossings in the Local Assessment Area ................................... 7-14 Table 7.4: In situ Water Quality Measured at Major Watercourse Crossings along the

Proposed All-Season Road (July 2014) ........................................................................... 7-16 Table 7.5: Physical Environment Valued Components and Selection Rationale ............................ 7-18 Table 7.6: Key Project Activity Interactions with Physical Environment Valued Components ...... 7-19 Table 7.7: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Surface Water ............................ 7-24 Table 7.8: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Surface

Water and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................................................................... 7-25 Table 7.9: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Air Quality .................................. 7-31 Table 7.10: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Air Quality

and Proposed Mitigation Measures .............................................................................. 7-32 Table 7.11: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects of Noise

and/or Vibration and Proposed Mitigation Measures................................................... 7-37 Table 7.12: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Surface

Water ............................................................................................................................. 7-40



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Table 7.13: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Air Quality ...... 7-42 Table 7.14: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Noise and

Vibration ........................................................................................................................ 7-44

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7-1: Wind Roses for the Berens River and Poplar River Airports (Meteoblue 2015a,b) ......... 7-3 Figure 7-2: Ecological Land Classification in the Project Area ........................................................... 7-5 Figure 7-3: Bedrock Geology in the Project Area ............................................................................... 7-7 Figure 7-4: Historical, Current and Proposed Quarry Areas in the Local Assessment Area .............. 7-8 Figure 7-5: Surficial Geology in the Project Area ............................................................................. 7-10 Figure 7-6: Soils in the Project Area ................................................................................................. 7-12 Figure 7-7: Location of Major Water Crossings................................................................................ 7-13 Figure 7-8: Historical Daily Discharge Graph for the Berens River at Outlet of Long Lake

(05RD007) Hydrometric Station (1957-1992) ................................................................ 7-14

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 7-1: Asatiwisipe Construction (Poplar River) Quarry ........................................................ 7-9

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 7-1: Water Quality at Five Proposed Stream Crossings Appendix 7-2: Summary of Potential Construction and Operations and Maintenance Effects on

Physical Environment Valued Components Prior to Mitigation

Chapter 8

8.0 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.1 Traditional Knowledge ........................................................................................ 8-5 8.1.2 Fish Habitat ......................................................................................................... 8-5 8.1.3 Fish Community ................................................................................................ 8-11 8.1.4 Mussels ............................................................................................................. 8-13 8.1.5 Aquatic Species at Risk...................................................................................... 8-14 8.1.6 Valued Components ......................................................................................... 8-19

8.2 Environmental Effects and Mitigation ........................................................................... 8-19 8.2.1 Valued Components and Project Interactions .................................................. 8-19



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8.2.2 Assessment of Potential Effects ........................................................................ 8-21 8.2.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 8-22 8.2.4 Effects on Fish Habitat, Harvested Fish Species and Aquatic Species at Risk ... 8-23

8.3 Summary of Project Residual Effects and Conclusion ................................................... 8-37

LIST OF TABLES Table 8.1: List of Watercourse Crossing Sites ................................................................................... 8-3 Table 8.2: Summary of Fish Habitat Classification at Watercourse Crossing Sites in the Local

Assessment Area ............................................................................................................ 8-10 Table 8.3: Known Fish Species Present in Major Watercourses of the Local Assessment

Area ................................................................................................................................ 8-12 Table 8.4: Potential Species at Risk in the Local Assessment Area ................................................ 8-15 Table 8.5: Key Project Activity Interactions with Aquatic Environment Valued Components ....... 8-20 Table 8.6: Summary of Net Fish Habitat Change Due to Construction of the P4 All-Season

Road ............................................................................................................................... 8-31 Table 8.7: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Fish Habitat, Harvested Fish

Species and Aquatic Species at Risk ............................................................................... 8-32 Table 8.8: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Fish

Habitat, Harvested Fish Species and Aquatic Species at Risk and Proposed Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................... 8-33

Table 8.9: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Fish Habitat, Harvested Fish Species and Aquatic Species at Risk ........................................ 8-39

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 8-1: Aquatic Environment Study Area and Watercourse Crossings ........................................ 8-2 Figure 8-2: Freshwater Mussel Reproductive Cycle (Freshwater Mussel Conservation Society

2015) .............................................................................................................................. 8-14

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 8-1: Berens River – Upstream view at the proposed crossing site, July 2014 .................. 8-6 Photograph 8-2: Okeyakkoteinewin Creek – Upstream view at the proposed crossing site,

July 2014 .................................................................................................................... 8-7 Photograph 8-3: Unnamed Tributary of Okeyakkoteinewin Creek– Upstream view at the

proposed crossing site, July 2014 .............................................................................. 8-8 Photograph 8-4: Unnamed Drainage at Site 14 – Small intermittent channel within a boreal

wetland with no downstream connection, July 2014 ............................................... 8-9 Photograph 8-5: Lake Sturgeon .......................................................................................................... 8-16



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Photograph 8-6: Mapleleaf Mussel .................................................................................................... 8-17 Photograph 8-7: Shortjaw Cisco ......................................................................................................... 8-18

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 8-1: Aquatic Environment Report Appendix 8-2: Summary of Potential Construction Effects on Aquatic Valued Components Prior

to Mitigation Appendix 8-3: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance Effects on Aquatic Valued

Components Prior to Mitigation

Chapter 9

9.0 TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................. 9-1 9.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.1 Traditional Knowledge ........................................................................................ 9-6 9.1.2 Vegetation......................................................................................................... 9-10 9.1.3 Wildlife .............................................................................................................. 9-20 9.1.4 Valued Components ......................................................................................... 9-33

9.2 Environmental Effects and Mitigation ........................................................................... 9-34 9.2.1 Valued Components and Project Interactions .................................................. 9-36 9.2.2 Assessment of Potential Effects ........................................................................ 9-39 9.2.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................................... 9-39 9.2.4 Effects to Vegetation ........................................................................................ 9-41 9.2.5 Effects to Wildlife .............................................................................................. 9-55

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 9-1: Fire History in the Vegetation Regional Assessment Area .............................................. 9-5 Figure 9-2: Vegetation Assessment Areas ....................................................................................... 9-12 Figure 9-3: Wildlife Assessment Areas ............................................................................................. 9-22

LIST OF TABLES Table 9.1: Area and Proportion of Vegetation Cover Classes among Vegetation Assessment

Areas .............................................................................................................................. 9-14 Table 9.2: Area and Proportion of Land Cover Classes for Potential Quarry Sites Within

Vegetation Assessment Areas ....................................................................................... 9-14



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Table 9.3: Area and Proportion of Land Cover Classes for Potential Access Routes within the Project Footprint and Vegetation Local Assessment Areas .................................... 9-15

Table 9.4: Area and Proportion of Wetland Types among Vegetation Assessment Areas ............ 9-16 Table 9.5: Summary of ARU Results of Bird Species Heard in 2014 in the All-Season Road

Local Assessment Area ................................................................................................... 9-27 Table 9.6: Summary of ARU Results of Bird Species Heard In 2015 in the All-Season Road

Local Assessment Area ................................................................................................... 9-28 Table 9.7: Results of the 2014 Manitoba Breeding Bird Atlas Survey ............................................ 9-29 Table 9.8: Terrestrial Environment Valued Components and Selection Rationale ........................ 9-33 Table 9.9: Key Project Activity Interactions with Terrestrial Environment Valued

Components ................................................................................................................... 9-37 Table 9.10: Percent (%) of Vegetation Removal in the Local and Regional Assessment Areas

by Right-of-Way Clearing ............................................................................................... 9-45 Table 9.11: Percent (%) of Vegetation Removal from Local and Regional Assessment Areas

for Potential Quarries .................................................................................................... 9-45 Table 9.12: Percent (%) of Vegetation Removal from Local and Regional Assessment Areas

for Potential Temporary Access Routes ......................................................................... 9-46 Table 9.13: Amount of Vegetation that will be Re-Established in the Wildlife Local and

Regional Assessment Areas due to Regeneration of Vegetation Along the Decommissioned Winter Road ...................................................................................... 9-47

Table 9.14: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Vegetation Communities and Plant Species of Special Interest ............................................................................. 9-48

Table 9.15: Summary of Construction-Related Potential Environmental Effects on Vegetation Communities and Plant Species of Special Interest and Proposed Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................... 9-49

Table 9.16: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance -Related Environmental Effects on Vegetation Communities and Plant Species of Special Interest and Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................... 9-53

Table 9.17: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Vegetation Communities and Plant Species of Special Interest ....................................................... 9-54

Table 9.18: Collared Wolf Travel Distances on Natural and Anthropogenic Linear Features within the Regional Assessment Area ........................................................................... 9-59

Table 9.19: Linear Density within the P4 Local Assessment Area and Regional Assessment Area ................................................................................................................................ 9-61

Table 9.20: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Ungulates .................................. 9-62 Table 9.21: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Moose

and Proposed Mitigation Measures .............................................................................. 9-64 Table 9.22: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance Related Environmental

Effects on Moose and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................................................. 9-70 Table 9.23: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Moose ............ 9-73 Table 9.24: Percent Disturbance in Summer and Winter Core Areas .............................................. 9-79



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Table 9.25: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Boreal Woodland Caribou and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................... 9-82

Table 9.26: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Environmental Effects on Boreal Woodland Caribou and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................... 9-89

Table 9.27: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Boreal Woodland Caribou ......................................................................................................... 9-92

Table 9.28: Potential Beaver Habitat within the Local Assessment Area......................................... 9-95 Table 9.29: Percentage of Total Beaver Habitat Lost within the Local Assessment Area Due

to Clearing in the Project Footprint and GHA 17B, and Percentage of Habitat Gain Due to Winter Road Reclamation .......................................................................... 9-95

Table 9.30: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Furbearers ................................. 9-96 Table 9.31: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Aquatic

Furbearers and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................................ 9-97 Table 9.32: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Environmental

Effects on Aquatic Furbearers and Proposed Mitigation Measures .............................. 9-99 Table 9.33: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Aquatic

Furbearers .................................................................................................................... 9-101 Table 9.34: Potential Marten Habitat within the Local Assessment Area ...................................... 9-104 Table 9.35: Percentage of Total Marten Habitat Lost within the Local Assessment Area Due

to Clearing of the Project Footprint and GHA 17B, and Percentage of Habitat Gain Due to Winter Road Reclamation ........................................................................ 9-104

Table 9.36: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Furbearers ............................... 9-105 Table 9.37: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Terrestrial

Furbearers and Proposed Mitigation Measures .......................................................... 9-106 Table 9.38: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Environmental

Effects on Terrestrial Furbearers and Proposed Mitigation Measures ....................... 9-108 Table 9.39: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Terrestrial

Furbearers .................................................................................................................... 9-110 Table 9.40: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Migratory Forest Birds ............ 9-116 Table 9.41: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on Forest

Birds and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................................................................... 9-117 Table 9.42: Summary of the Percentage of Habitat Gain for Forest Birds Due to

Decommissioning of Winter Road ............................................................................... 9-119 Table 9.43: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance -Related Environmental

Effects on Forest Birds and Proposed Mitigation Measures ....................................... 9-120 Table 9.44: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Forest

Birds ............................................................................................................................. 9-122 Table 9.45: Summary of the Percentage of Habitat Loss or Altered for Waterbirds Due to

Clearing in the Project Footprint ................................................................................. 9-127 Table 9.46: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on

Waterbirds and Proposed Mitigation Measures ......................................................... 9-128 Table 9.47: Summary of the Percentage of Habitat Gain Due to Winter Road Reclamation ......... 9-130



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Table 9.48: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Environmental Effects on Waterbirds and Proposed Mitigation Measures ........................................ 9-131

Table 9.49: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Waterbirds ... 9-133 Table 9.50: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Environmental Effects on

Environmentally Sensitive Wildlife Sites and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............ 9-139 Table 9.51: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Environmental

Effects on Environmentally Sensitive Wildlife Sites and Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................................... 9-142

Table 9.52: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Environmentally Sensitive Wildlife Sites ...................................................................... 9-144

Table 9.53: ESRA’s Protection Procedures and Specifications for Herptiles Species at Risk .......... 9-148 Table 9.54: Summary of Potential Construction and Operations and Maintenance-Related

Environmental Effects on Herptile Species at Risk and Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................................... 9-149

Table 9.55: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Herptile Species at Risk .............................................................................................................. 9-152

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 9-1: An Aerial View of the Extent of a 2003 Fire in the Boreal Forest of

Manitoba, Canada ............................................................................................... 9-4 Photograph 9-2: Red Osier Dogwood ............................................................................................ 9-7 Photograph 9-3: Manitoba Blueberries ......................................................................................... 9-7 Photograph 9-4: High Bush Cranberries ........................................................................................ 9-9 Photograph 9-5: Black Bear ......................................................................................................... 9-10 Photograph 9-6: Bog Swamp Transition to Treed Rock Island .................................................... 9-13 Photograph 9-7: Treed Bog .......................................................................................................... 9-16 Photograph 9-8: Shrub Bog .......................................................................................................... 9-16 Photograph 9-9: Treed Poor Fen .................................................................................................. 9-17 Photograph 9-10: Graminoid Fen .................................................................................................. 9-17 Photograph 9-11: Riparian Shrub................................................................................................... 9-17 Photograph 9-12: Shrub Poor Fen ................................................................................................. 9-17 Photograph 9-13: Swamp Fen ........................................................................................................ 9-17 Photograph 9-14: Meadow Marsh ................................................................................................. 9-17 Photograph 9-15: Flooded Jellyskin ............................................................................................... 9-19 Photograph 9-16: Arethusa Orchid Observed in a Graminoid Fen ................................................ 9-20 Photograph 9-17: Canada Lynx ...................................................................................................... 9-24 Photograph 9-18: Grey Wolf .......................................................................................................... 9-25 Photograph 9-19: Red-Sided Garter Snake .................................................................................... 9-26 Photograph 9-20: Mallard Ducks ................................................................................................... 9-31 Photograph 9-21: Winter Road ...................................................................................................... 9-47



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Photograph 9-22: Moose ............................................................................................................... 9-56 Photograph 9-23: Barricades and Signage Installed in the P1-All-Season Road Corridor

During the Construction Phase to Discourage hunters .................................... 9-59 Photograph 9-24: Boreal Woodland Caribou ................................................................................. 9-75 Photograph 9-25: Beaver ............................................................................................................... 9-93 Photograph 9-26: Marten ............................................................................................................ 9-102 Photograph 9-27: Canada Warbler .............................................................................................. 9-111 Photograph 9-28: Common Nighthawk ....................................................................................... 9-112 Photograph 9-29: Eastern Whip-Poor-Will .................................................................................. 9-113 Photograph 9-30: Olive-Sided Flycatcher .................................................................................... 9-114 Photograph 9-31: Trumpeter Swans Observed in the Local Assessment Area ........................... 9-123 Photograph 9-32: Yellow Rail ....................................................................................................... 9-124 Photograph 9-33: Canada Geese ................................................................................................. 9-125 Photograph 9-34: Seven Year Old Black Bear in Den with Cubs .................................................. 9-134 Photograph 9-35: Wolverine in Northern Manitoba ................................................................... 9-136 Photograph 9-36: Common Snapping Turtle ............................................................................... 9-145

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 9-1: Wildlife Technical Report Appendix 9-2: Vegetation Characterization and Effects Assessment Report Appendix 9-3: Botanical and Vegetation Resource Survey Field Report Appendix 9-4: Mammal Species List Appendix 9-5: Amphibian and Reptile Species List Appendix 9-6: Bird Species List Appendix 9-7: Terrestrial Species at Risk in the Local Assessment Area Appendix 9-8: Breeding Evidence Maps for Selected Bird Species at Risk Appendix 9-9: Summary of Potential Construction Effects on Terrestrial Valued Components

Prior to Mitigation Appendix 9-10: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance Effects on Terrestrial Valued

Components Prior to Mitigation

Chapter 10

10.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................ 10-1 10.1 Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 10-5

10.1.1 Local Landscape ................................................................................................ 10-5 10.1.2 Socio-Economic and Cultural History ................................................................ 10-5 10.1.3 Overview of Regional Communities ................................................................. 10-6 10.1.4 Berens River First Nation and Poplar River First Nation Communities............. 10-9



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10.1.5 Land and Resource Use ................................................................................... 10-18 10.1.6 Traditional Knowledge and Land Use ............................................................. 10-31 10.1.7 Valued Components ....................................................................................... 10-44

10.2 Socio-Economic and Cultural Effects and Mitigation................................................... 10-45 10.2.1 Valued Components and Project Interactions ................................................ 10-45 10.2.2 Assessment of Potential Effects ...................................................................... 10-47 10.2.3 Mitigation........................................................................................................ 10-47 10.2.4 Effects on the Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ............................. 10-49

10.3 Summary of Project Residual Effects and Conclusion ................................................. 10-81 10.3.1 Tourism ........................................................................................................... 10-81 10.3.2 Hunting, Trapping, Fishing and Gathering ...................................................... 10-83 10.3.3 Travel Routes .................................................................................................. 10-86 10.3.4 Cultural, Heritage and Archaeological Resources ........................................... 10-88 10.3.5 Human Health and Safety ............................................................................... 10-88

LIST OF TABLES Table 10.1: On-Reserve Population and Population Growth ........................................................... 10-9 Table 10.2: Population Demographics for Berens River First Nation and Poplar River First

Nation ............................................................................................................................ 10-9 Table 10.3: Select Local Businesses in Berens River and Poplar River First Nation ........................ 10-11 Table 10.4: Overview of Infrastructure and Utilities – Berens River First Nation/NAC and

Poplar River First Nation .............................................................................................. 10-14 Table 10.5: Services Inventory – Berens River First Nation/NAC and Poplar River First Nation .... 10-17 Table 10.6: Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Valued Components and Selection

Rationale ...................................................................................................................... 10-44 Table 10.7: Key Project Activity Interactions with Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Valued Components..................................................................................................... 10-45 Table 10.8: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Tourism

and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 10-51 Table 10.9: Summary of Potential Operation and Maintenance-Related Socio-Economic

Effects on Tourism and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................. 10-52 Table 10.10: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Hunting,

Trapping, Fishing and Gathering, and Proposed Mitigation Measures ....................... 10-54 Table 10.11: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Socio-Economic

Effects on Hunting, Trapping, Fishing and Gathering, and Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................................... 10-59

Table 10.12: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Travel Routes and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................................................................ 10-63

Table 10.13: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Travel Routes and Proposed Mitigation Measures ..................................... 10-65



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Table 10.14: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Cultural, Heritage and Archaeological Resources and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............. 10-67

Table 10.15: Summary of Potential Construction-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Human Health and Safety and Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................... 10-73

Table 10.16: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance-Related Socio-Economic Effects on Human Health and Safety and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................. 10-79

Table 10.17: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Tourism ........ 10-82 Table 10.18: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Hunting,

Trapping, Fishing and Gathering .................................................................................. 10-84 Table 10.19: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Travel

Routes .......................................................................................................................... 10-87 Table 10.20: Summary of Residual Project Effects and Significance Conclusions for Human

Health and Safety ......................................................................................................... 10-89

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 10-1: Socio-Economic Local Assessment Area ....................................................................... 10-2 Figure 10-2: Socio-Economic Regional Assessment Area .................................................................. 10-4 Figure 10-3: Berens River Businesses ............................................................................................... 10-12 Figure 10-4: Poplar River Businesses ............................................................................................... 10-13 Figure 10-5: Berens River Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 10-15 Figure 10-6: Poplar River Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 10-16 Figure 10-7: Regional Infrastructure ................................................................................................ 10-21 Figure 10-8: Traditional Land Use Planning Areas in the Vicinity of the P4 All-Season Road

Alignment ..................................................................................................................... 10-22 Figure 10-9: Regional Parks and Protected Areas ............................................................................ 10-24 Figure 10-10: Pimachiowin Aki – Proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site ........................................ 10-25 Figure 10-11: Registered Traplines in the Local Assessment Area .................................................... 10-29 Figure 10-12: Game Hunting Areas in the Regional Assessment Area .............................................. 10-35

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 10 1: Trapping Cabin South of Berens River ............................................................ 10-37 Photograph 10-2: Travelling via Snowmobile to a Trapline ......................................................... 10-42

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 10-1: Asatiwisipe Aki Land Use Planning Area Appendix 10-2: Summary of Heritage Resource Impact Assessment Studies Appendix 10-3: Summary of Potential Construction Effects on the Socio-Economic and Cultural

Environment Valued Components Prior to Mitigation



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Appendix 10-4: Summary of Potential Operations and Maintenance Effects on the Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Valued Components Prior to Mitigation

Appendix 10-5: List of Species/Groups Important to the Current Use of Lands and Resources of Aboriginal Peoples

Chapter 11

11.0 EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE PROJECT ............................................................. 11-1 11.1 Weather Conditions ....................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2 Flooding ......................................................................................................................... 11-2 11.3 Forest Fires ..................................................................................................................... 11-2 11.4 Permafrost and Subsidence Risk .................................................................................... 11-3 11.4.1 Permafrost ..................................................................................................................... 11-3 11.4.2 Subsidence Risk .............................................................................................................. 11-3 11.5 Climate Change .............................................................................................................. 11-4 11.6 Seismic Events ................................................................................................................ 11-4 11.7 Assessment Summary .................................................................................................... 11-4

LIST OF TABLES Table 11 1: Evaluation of Effects of the Environment on the Project .............................................. 11-5

Chapter 12

12.0 ACCIDENTS AND MALFUNCTIONS ...................................................................................... 12-1 12.1 Accidental Release of Hazardous Substances ................................................................ 12-1 12.2 Fires and Explosions ....................................................................................................... 12-3 12.3 Accidental Collisions ...................................................................................................... 12-4 12.4 Accidental Encroachments ............................................................................................ 12-4 12.5 Emergency Measures ..................................................................................................... 12-5 12.6 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................. 12-5

LIST OF TABLES Table 12.1: Potential Accidents and Malfunctions, Mitigation Measures, and Evaluation of

Environmental Risk ........................................................................................................ 12-7



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Chapter 13

13.0 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ....................................................................................................... 13-1 13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13-1 13.2 Scoping ........................................................................................................................... 13-2

13.2.1 Valued Components ......................................................................................... 13-2 13.2.2 Spatial and Temporal Boundaries ..................................................................... 13-5 13.2.3 Physical Activities .............................................................................................. 13-7

13.3 Analysis of Potential Cumulative Effects ..................................................................... 13-11 13.3.1 Air Quality: Greenhouse Gases ...................................................................... 13-12 13.3.2 Moose ............................................................................................................. 13-13 13.3.3 Boreal Woodland Caribou ............................................................................... 13-14

13.4 Mitigation ..................................................................................................................... 13-15 13.5 Significance Conclusions .............................................................................................. 13-16 13.6 Follow-up ..................................................................................................................... 13-17

LIST OF TABLES Table 13.1: Past, Present and Future Physical Activities Considered in the Cumulative Effects

Assessment .................................................................................................................... 13-8 Table 13.2: Other ESRA All-Season Road Projects and Schedule ................................................... 13-10 Table 13.3: Criteria for Magnitude of Adverse Cumulative Effects for VCs ................................... 13-12 Table 13.4: Total Percentage of Cumulative Habitat Disturbance over Time for the Atikaki-

Berens Boreal Woodland Caribou Management Unit ................................................. 13-15 Table 13.5: Cumulative Environmental Effects Significance Conclusions for Air Quality,

Moose and Caribou ...................................................................................................... 13-17

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 13-1: Approach to Scoping and Screening of VCs for further Cumulative Effects

Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 13-4 Figure 13-2: Cumulative Effects Assessment Spatial Area ................................................................. 13-6

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 13-1: VCs Predicted to Experience Residual Environmental Effects of the Project Appendix 13-2: VC Scoping Criteria for Cumulative Effects Analysis Appendix 13-3: Temporal Distribution of Projects and Activities Appendix 13-4: VCs Potentially Affected by Past, Existing and Future Physical Activities



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Appendix 13-5: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment for East Side Road Authority All-Season Road Projects

Appendix 13-6: Mineral Disposition Sites

Chapter 14

14.0 MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UP ........................................................................................ 14-1 14.1 Monitoring Program ...................................................................................................... 14-1

14.1.1 Management Structure .................................................................................... 14-1 14.1.2 Design & Construction Plan Oversight .............................................................. 14-3 14.1.3 Construction Monitoring .................................................................................. 14-3 14.1.4 Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................................ 14-3 14.1.5 Post-Construction Monitoring and Follow-up .................................................. 14-4 14.1.6 Reporting .......................................................................................................... 14-6

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 14-1: Activities of ESRA's Operations and Maintenance Phase .............................................. 14-2

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 14-1: Mitigation Inspections at Watercourse Crossings

Chapter 15

15.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 15-1 15.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 15-1

15.1.1 All-Season Road Network ................................................................................. 15-1 15.1.2 Proposed Project............................................................................................... 15-1 15.1.3 Environmental Setting ...................................................................................... 15-2 15.1.4 Engagement Program ....................................................................................... 15-3 15.1.5 Environmental Impact Assessment .................................................................. 15-3 15.1.6 Environmental Protection ................................................................................. 15-3

15.2 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 15-4



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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 13-1: Approach to Scoping and Screening of VCs for further Cumulative Effects

Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 13-4 Figure 13-2: Cumulative Effects Assessment Spatial Area ................................................................. 13-6 Figure 13-1: Approach to Scoping and Screening of VCs for further Cumulative Effects

Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 13-4 Figure 13-2: Cumulative Effects Assessment Spatial Area ................................................................. 13-6

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 15-1: Environmental Impact Assessment Summary Table

Chapter 16

16.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 16-1 16.1 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 16-1 16.2 Personal Communications ........................................................................................... 16-18

Documents

MASTER TABLE OF CONTENTS - Province of Manitobacontent.gov.mb.ca/mit/hpd/pdf/project_p4/chapters/master_toc.pdf · PROJECT 4 – ALL-SEASON ROAD ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT MASTER