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Fiwa`oao` Xcwv Fawjwvi| Viexc|j|q Wivvkieiovw mc| Aofajo Wgioj|ac  Lq Eynyof F/ Eyofdjfj $Q1::18:8! FIWA@O X\C@\JEEI AOFAJO AOWVAVYVI CM VIGDOCKC@Q+ NJOXY\ Byoi+ <8:: 

Master Of Design - Thesis at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

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Page 1: Master Of Design - Thesis at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

8/2/2019 Master Of Design - Thesis at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

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Fiwa`oao` Xcwv Fawjwvi| Viexc|j|q Wivvkieiovw mc|

Aofajo Wgioj|ac

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$Q1::18:8!

FIWA@O X\C@\JEEI AOFAJO AOWVAVYVI CM VIGDOCKC@Q+ NJOXY\

Byoi+ <8:: 

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Fiwa`oao` Xcwv Fawjwvi| Viexc|j|q Wivvkieiovw

mc| Aofajo Wgioj|ac

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vdi Fi`|ii cm 

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Yofi| vdi wyxi|}awaco cm 

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vc vdi

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X j ` i { a

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X j ` i { aa

Vc vdi }agvaew cm Ldyb Ij|vdzyjni+ <88:

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JGNOCPKIF@IEIOV

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djw i}ck}if m|ce j oj||cp fawgaxkaoi fijkao` pavd vdi ywi|w jof x|clkiew |ikjvif vc

vdi x|cfygv aovc j ejbc| oip jxx|cjgd vc fi}ikcxao` j wqwvie/ Am vigdockc`q aw vdi

giov|jk vioiv cm lywaoiww gykvy|i> jovd|cxckc`q+ g|ijva}avq+ jof jo clwiwwaco pavd ywi|w

yoeiv oiifw pakk aomc|e vdi myvy|i/

@|jvavyfi aw cmvio dj|fiwv iecvaco vc itx|iww jw ejoq djofw j|i jwwcgajvif ao

wc ejoq pjqw vdjv pi maof av fammagykv vc jgnocpkif`i vdie ao joq cvdi| ejooi| lyv

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`yafjogi pavd vdia| x|cmcyof nocpkif`i/ A vdjon jkk cm vdie mc| vdia| `yafjogi jof

iogcy|j`ieiov/

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@yafi X|cm/ Ncyeyfa Xjvak mc| di| `yafjogi jof vaeikq miifljgn jv jkk vdi wvj`iw cm eq

vdiwaw/ Pavdcyv di| wyxxc|v+ vdi x|cbigv pcykf dj}i `coi jwv|jq/ Wdi wdjkk jkpjqw li

coi cm vdi kyeaoj|aiw cm eq kami/ /

A pcykf jkwc kani vc vdjon eq m|aiof+ Wjjgda jof eq xj|iovw+ vc wyxxc|v ei

vd|cy`dcyv vdi bcy|oiq cm kjwv wi}io qij|w/

J wxigajk eiovaco cm eq m|aiofw> Jldavcwd+ Kcniwd+ Oiik+ X|j`je+ \cdav+ \agdj

jof Wafddj|vd> aw j eywv jw vdiq ejfi kjwv vpc qij|w jv AAVN vdi ecwv eiec|jlki xj|v

cm eq kami/

Eynyof F/ Eyofdjfj

Fiwa`o X|c`|jeei+

Aofajo Aowvavyvi cm Vigdockc`q+ Njoxy| 

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JLWV\JGV

Xcwv%fawjwvi| |igcowv|ygvaco aw j gcexkit x|cgiww/ Av |izya|iw eykva%wigvc|jkao}ck}ieiov+ }i|q wa`oamagjov |iwcy|giw jof j pafi |jo`i cm wnakkw/ Ejoq cm vdiwi wnakkw

j|i ocv vqxagjkkq j}jakjlki pavdao dyejoavj|ajo c|`joarjvacow/ Mc| j dyejoavj|ajo

j`iogq+ vdi figawaco vc io`j`i ao |igcowv|ygvaco $jof pdjv vqxi cm jwwawvjogi vc

x|c}afi! oiifw vc li vjnio gc`oarjov cm vdi gcexkitavaiw jof eywv |igc`oari vdi oiif

mc| itxi|v jf}agi/ Jv vdi cyvwiv cm vdi Ij|vdzyjni |iwxcowi+ vdi|i aw kaeavif wxigamag

`yafjogi |ijfakq j}jakjlki vc x|c}afi j m|jeipc|n mc| |igcowv|ygvaco/

I}i|q xcwv%fawjwvi| wavyjvaco aw yoazyi jof fyi vc vdi wgjki cm fi}jwvjvaco jof

yox|igifiovif ki}ikw cm myofao` j}jakjlki+ vdi x|cgiww ejq gdjo`i/ Vdaw aw vc akkywv|jvi

vdi |jo`i cm jgva}avq jof x|jgvagjk |ijkavaiw cm fika}i|ao` j wyggiwwmyk x|c`|jeei+

da`dka`dvao` liwv jof pc|wv x|jgvagiw jof |igc`oarao` vdjv vdi|i aw }jkafavq ao fammi|iov

jxx|cjgdiw pavdao vdi wjei |iwxcowi/

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Xj`i { }

Vjlki cm Gcoviovw

Gdjxvi| : //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :

:/: Aov|cfygvaco vc Fawjwvi| Eava`jvaco ao Aofaj /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :

:/< X|iwiov Wgioj|ac////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7

:/7 Clbigva}i ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =

:/6 X|cxcwif Eivdcfckc`q /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// = 

Gdjxvi| < //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4

</: Wvyfqao` Xcwv Fawjwvi| Wgioj|acw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4

</:/: Fimaoavacow /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4

</:/< Yx`|jfao` ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::

</< Wqwview cm viexc|j|q wdikvi|w ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :<

</7 Wy|}a}c|w‑ X|ac|avaiw $Itxigvjvacow! //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :7

</6 Wavi wikigvaco g|avi|aj mc| Viexc|j|q Wdikvi|w /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :7

</6/: Oyeli| cm |imy`iiw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :7

</6/< Myogvacojkavq //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :6

</6/7 Aom|jwv|ygvy|i ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :6

</6/6 Gcoma`y|jvaco /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :6

</6/9 Jggiwwalakavq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :6

</9 @yafikaoiw ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :9 

Gdjxvi| 7 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :=

7/: Yofi|wvjofao` Aofajo Fawjwvi| Eava`jvaco Immc|vw ////////////////////////////////////////////////// :=

7/< Ldyb Ij|vdzyjni cm <88:///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :=

7/7 Mcgyw @|cyx Fawgywwaco ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :0

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Xj`i { }a

7/6 Fjvj Gckkigvaco //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :4

7/9 Raj|jv Ij|vdzyjni cm <884/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// <7

7/= Gcexj|jva}i Wvyfq cm itawvao` viexc|j|q wdikvi|w //////////////////////////////////////////////// <=

7/=/: Gjwi Coi /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// <0

7/=/< Gjwi Vpc/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// <1

7/=/7 Gjwi Vd|ii //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7:

7/=/6 Gjwi Mcy| ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 77

7/=/9 Gjwi Ma}i /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 79

7/=/= Gjwi Wat ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 70

7/=/0 Gjwi Wi}io //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 71 

Gdjxvi| 6 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6:

6/: Wgcxi cm vdi x|cbigv /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6:

6/< C}i|}aip //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6:

6/7 Xkjooao` ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

6/7/: Gcovitv //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

6/7/< Jwwiwweiov ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

6/7/7 @c}i|ojogi ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

6/7/6 Myofao` //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

6/7/9 Lioimagaj|q wikigvaco /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

6/7/= Eivdcfw cm jwwawvjogi ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

6/7/0 Xj|voi|wdaxw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 69

6/7/4 Ojvy|jk djrj|fw /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 69

6/7/1 X|c`|jeei xkjo ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6=

6/6 Fiwa`o ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6=

6/6/: Wavi wikigvaco jof wy|}iqw /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6=

6/6/< Kjof vioy|i ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 60

6/6/7 Xdqwagjk xkjooao` ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 60

6/6/6 Zyjkavq ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 606/6/9 Vqxiw cm fixkcqeiov /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 64

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Xj`i { }aa

6/6/= Io}a|coeiov //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 64

6/6/0 Fawjwvi| |awn |ifygvaco ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 61

6/6/4 Fiwa`o cm wdikvi|w //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 61

6/6/1 Fiwa`o cm wgdcckw jof dijkvd giovi|w ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 616/6/:8 X|cbigv xkjo //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 98

6/9 X|cfygvaco jof Fixkcqeiov ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:

6/9/: Eivdcfw cm Aexkieiovjvaco /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:

6/9/< X|cbigv ejoj`ieiov /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9:

6/9/7 Ejvi|ajkw jof kc`awvagw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9<

6/9/6 Pc|nejowdax ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9<

6/9/9 Djofc}i| ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 97 

Gdjxvi| 9 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 96

Fiwa`o X|cgiww //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 96

9/: Jmmaoavq Faj`|je//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 96

9/< L|jaowvc|eao` /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 99

9/7 X|cgiww Mkcp ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 9=

9/6 Afijvaco //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =7

9/9 Gcogixv @ioi|jvaco ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =6

9/9/: Gcogixv : ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =6

9/9/< Gcogixv < ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =0

9/9/7 Gcogixv 7 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 08

9/= Jvv|alyviw Jojkqwaw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0<

9/0 X|cvcvqxi X|ixj|jvaco ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 48

9/0/: Wgjkif X|cvcvqxi ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 48

9/0/< Fiwa`o Gceeyoagjvaco //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 49 

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Xj`i { }aaa

Gdjxvi| = ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 41

Liqcof Wdikvi|2 Fi}ikcxao` j Wivvkieiov Wv|jvi`q /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 41

=/: Wavi Xkjooao` /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 41

=/< Wavi Xkjooao` % Xdjwi Coi ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1:

=/</: Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Coi /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1<

=/</< Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je cm x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// 17

=/</7 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je cm oip ywi|w ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 16

=/</6 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 19

=/</9 Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq xcwvw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1=

=/7 Ga|gykjvaco Kjqcyv % Xdjwi Coi //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 10

=/6 Wavi Xkjooao` % Xdjwi Vpc //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 11

=/6/: Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Vpc ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :87

=/6/< Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w ////////////////////////////////////////////////// :86

=/6/7 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| oip ywi|w ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :89

=/6/6 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// :8=

=/6/9 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :80

=/6/= Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq gdign xcwvw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :84

=/6/0 Ocawq # Zyaiv J|ijw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :81

=/6/4 Wavi Jgcywvagw Wgioj|ac //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::8

=/6/1 Oip Iov|jov‑w ]awaco /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::: 

Gdjxvi| 0 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::<

Gcogkywaco ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::<

Myvy|i Wgcxi cm Pc|n /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::7 

Jxxiofat % :////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::9

Zyiwvacooja|i //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::9

Jxxiofat % <////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::1

Xkjviw cm Gcogixvyjkarjvaco/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ::1

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Xj`i { at

\imi|iogiw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :77

Kawv cm Vjlkiw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :76

Kawv cm Xkjviw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :79

Kawv cm Ma`y|iw//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :7=

@kcwwj|q //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// :74 

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Xj`i { :

Gdjxvi| :

:/: Aov|cfygvaco vc Fawjwvi| Eava`jvaco ao Aofaj

Aofaj djw wiio avw wdj|i cm ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w ao vdi |igiov qij|w  ‗  m|ce vdi

ij|vdzyjni ao Ldyb ao <88: jof vdi vwyojea ao Gdiooja ao <886+ vc vdi |igiov

kjofwkafi ao Kjfjnd jof vdi <8:8 mkccf ao Ladj|/ Vdi Fawjwvi| Ejoj`ieiov

Gceeavvii pdagd aw cmvio x|jawif mc| avw immc|vw ao vdiwi wgioj|acw+ mckkcpw j ec|i

kc`agjk jxx|cjgd cm x|c}afao` mccf+ gkcvdiw jof wdikvi| $\cva+ Njxfj+ Ejnjjo! ao

vdjv c|fi|/ Vdi jecyov cm aexc|vjogi jof aeeifajgq cm j}jakjlakavq cm vdiwi

|iwcy|giw `ciw fcpo pavd ijgd ki}ik/ Jo aofixiofiov xwqgdckc`agjk wvyfq co

xicxki fawxkjgif jof v|jyejvarif lq ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w co eijwy|iw cm wikm immagjgq+

aovi|xi|wcojk gcexiviogi jof wcgajk fiwa|jlakavq x|c}if vdjv wdikvi|w j|i vdi wigcof

ecwv }jkyjlki x|cxi|vq vc vdi v|jyejvarif }agvaew oitv vc cokq dyejo kami/^:/:U

Vdi

ecva}jvaco lidaof vdi vdiwaw x|cbigv pjw vdi wgcxi cm aex|c}ieiov jof }jkyi

jffavaco vdjv aw xcwwalki ao vdaw g|avagjk j|ij/

Vdyw+ av djw liio vdjv i}io ao gjwi cm j wi}i|i fawjwvi| kani vdi vwyojea cm <886+

pdagd jvv|jgvif wylwvjovajk jecyovw cm myofw mc| |ikaim cxi|jvacow m|ce wvjvi jof

oco%wvjvi jgvc|w+ vdi |ikaim eijwy|iw+ ao vdi jmmigvif j|ijw cm Vjeak Ojfy+ wiie vc

dj}i liio wyxxkq%f|a}io |jvdi| vdjo liao` f|a}io lq vdi fiejofw c| oiifw cm vdi

}agvaew/ Ao vdi Jofjejo - Oagclj| Awkjofw+ vdi `c}i|oeiov jxxj|jvyw wiie vc

dj}i a`oc|if gcexkivikq vdi fammi|iovajk oiifw cm fawjlkif xicxki ao vdi pjni cm 

vdi vwyojea/ Waeakj|kq+ av pjw mcyof ao ejoq cm vdi jmmigvif j|ijw ao Vjeak Ojfy

vdjv vdi `c}i|oeiov jxxj|jvyw x|c}afao` |ikaim djf ocv vjnio aovc jggcyov vdifammi|iovajk oiifw cm pceio/

^:/<UDiogi+ vdi|i aw jo y|`iov oiif mc| mcgywao` vdi

|ikaim immc|vw co ecwv }ykoi|jlki wigvacow jeco` vdi jmmigvif xcxykjvaco/ Kjgn cm 

jggcyovjlakavq cm vdcwi aexkieiovao` vdi |ikaim eijwy|iw co vdi `|cyof aw coi cm 

vdi ejbc| |ijwcow mc| vdi kaeavif immigva}ioiww cm |ikaim cxi|jvacow/ Xicxki ao j

xj|vagykj| j|ij+ jmmigvif lq j xj|vagykj| fawjwvi|+ dj}i vdia| cpo pjq cm gcxao` pavd

vdjv+ wc av‑w iwwiovajk vc aogkyfi vdie ao xkjooao` vdi |ikaim cxi|jvacow jof a`oc|ao`

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Xj`i { <

vdia| oiifw jof wy``iwvacow gjo gcowv|jao vdi immigva}ioiww cm vdi |iwgyi jof |ikaim 

immc|vw wa`oamagjovkq/

Vdyw+ jw |i`j|fw ejoj`ieiov cm ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w+ jv ecwv ki}ikw+ mcgyw cm vdi

@c}i|oeiov ejgdaoi|q ao Aofaj djw liio co |iwgyi jof |ikaim cxi|jvacow cokq/ Vdi

@c}i|oeiov ejgdaoi|q kjgnw x|cxi| v|jaoao` ao fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov jof av aw akk

izyaxxif vc vjgnki ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w vd|cy`d immigva}i eava`jvaco jof x|ixj|ifoiww

eijwy|iw/ Pdaki vdi g|ygajk jwxigvw cm gcxao` pavd ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w+ kani+ fawjwvi|

eava`jvaco jof x|ixj|ifoiww+ dj}i jkpjqw liio a`oc|if+ i}io vdi xcwv%fawjwvi|

|iwxcowi cm vdi wvjvi vd|cy`d |iwgyi+ |ikaim jof |idjlakavjvaco eijwy|iw dj}i liio

mcyof aojfizyjvi ecwv cm vdi vaei/ C}i| vdi kjwv figjfi+ jgva}avaiw |ikjvif vc

fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov jv vdi xkjooao`# xckagq%ejnao` ki}ik ao vdi gcyov|q dj}i

itxjofif wa`oamagjovkq/

Vdi ojvacojk ki}ik fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov xkjow# xckagaiw mc|eykjvif lq vdi

oyei|cyw itxi|v gceeavviiw fc ocv wiie vc dj}i v|jowkjvif vc livvi| ejoj`ieiov

cm ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w ao x|jgvagi/ Ao vi|ew cm x|ac|avaiw mc| fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov+ pi

maof vdjv vdi jkkcgjvaco cm maojogajk |iwcy|giw lq vdi @c}i|oeiov $iwxigajkkq vdi

Giov|jk @c}i|oeiov! mc| kco`%vi|e eijwy|iw mc| eava`jvaco jof x|ixj|ifoiww djw

liio }i|q kavvki+ i}io fy|ao` vdi kjwv figjfi ao pdagd Aofaj wyxxcwifkq djw gdjo`if

avw jxx|cjgd vcpj|fw fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov/ Ao vdi |igiov `yafikaoiw cm vdi Giov|jk

@c}i|oeiov vc vdi Wvjviw+ av djw liio mcyof j ejofjvi mc| `a}ao` da`di| x|ac|avq vc

vdcwi co`cao` @c}i|oeiov%myofif x|cbigvw pdagd dj}i j xcviovajk mc| fawjwvi| |awn 

|ifygvaco+ jof aogkywaco cm fawjwvi| eava`jvaco ikieiovw aovc vdi co`cao` x|cbigvw

pdi|i av aw mijwalki vc fc wc+ dcpi}i|+ vdi|i aw oc x|c}awaco mc| gdjooikarao`

jffavacojk @c}i|oeiov myofw aovc x|cbigvw eijov mc| fawjwvi| eava`jvaco/

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Xj`i { 7

:/< X|iwiov Wgioj|ac

Aofaj |jonw wigcof ao vdi oyeli| cm ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w eiv pavd ljwif co vdi |ixc|v

lq Aovi|ojvacojk Wv|jvi`q mc| Fawjwvi| \ifygvaco $YO#AWF\! jof vdi Giov|i mc|

\iwij|gd co vdi Ixafieackc`q cm Ojvy|jk Fawjwvi|w/^:/7U

 

Gdaoj X \ix 7:

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m|ce vdi itxi|aiogiw cm vdi xjwv fawjwvi|w/ Di|i gceiw j oiif cm fiwa`oao` xcwv

fawjwvi| viexc|j|q wdikvi|w jof j gcexkivi igcwqwvie mc| Aofajo wgioj|acw pavd j

ywi| giov|ag jxx|cjgd wjvawmqao` jkk vdi wvjnidckfi|w/

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ejoj`ieiov m|ce vdi gc|xc|jvi wigvc|> dcpi}i|+ av |izya|iw j wv|co` xckavagjk pakk

jof gceeaveiov co vdi xj|v cm vdi `c}i|oeiov mc| x|i}iovaco cm jof eava`jvao`

kcwwiw m|ce ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w/

Vjlki :/: % Ojvy|jk Fawjwvi|w cggy||if ao |iwxigva}i gcyov|aiw

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Vdaw xcaovw cyv vc vdi oiif vc vjni j m|iwd kccn jv vdi fawjwvi| eava`jvaco x|cgify|i

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da`d gcexj|if vc cvdi| ojvacow+ vdi oyeli| cm ka}ikadccfw vdjv `iv jmmigvif lq j

ojvy|jk fawjwvi| aw jkwc ligcei da`d/ Vdaw aw jocvdi| |ijwco vdjv vdi eava`jvaco xkjo

oiifw vc li vjakc| ejfi mc| cy| gcyov|q/

Vdi eava`jvaco xkjo cm vdi `c}i|oeiov aw itxkjaoif jw mckkcpw/ Vdi ma|wv gcy|wi cm 

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ao j `|jfyjk ejooi|/ Ma|wv jafw jof cvdi| jeioavaiw jkco` pavd vdi fawv|alyvaco cm 

mccf jof gkcvdao` j|i j||jo`if di|i/ Ywyjkkq mccvljkk c| g|agniv `|cyofw c| joq

cvdi| xkjao mkjv j|ijw j|i gdcwio pdaki wgdcckw jof cvdi| wygd kj|`i wxjgiw j|i vdi

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Xj`i { =

Dcpi}i| wcei cm vdi x|clkiew gjo li eiv am vdi wivvkieiov avwikm aw |ifiwa`oif/ Ao

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nocpkif`i cm vdi itawvao` viexc|j|q wdikvi|w+ wcei gcogixvw jof mip wdikvi|w

pdagd dj}i liio fixkcqif co fawjwvi| waviw dj}i liio jojkqrif/

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Xj`i { 0

Wvyfqao` xcwv

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Xj`i { 1

J fawjwvi| ejoj`ieiov x|c`|jeei djw vdi mckkcpao` vaei xdjwiw/ Ijgd xdjwi aw

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Xj`i { :8

yxco vdi immagaiogq cm vdi jfeaoawv|jvaco+ vdi|i aw j wv|co` oiif cm wdikvi|w vc li

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c|`joarjvacow dj}i fi}ikcxif j wdikvi| wckyvaco vdjv fixkcqw jof vdi wdikvi| avwikm 

v|jowavacow vd|cy`d vdi }j|acyw xdjwiw cm |igc}i|q jof wvjqw pavd vdi |igaxaiov/

Vdaw vqxi cm v|jowavacojk wdikvi| |ifygiw vdi gcwvw cm |ifixkcqeiov jof x|c}afiw

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wigy|avq jof gykvy|jk mjgvc|w/

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wivvkieiov/ Vdaw pcykf li }i|q aexc|vjov mc| vdi }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw kani pceio+

gdakf|io jof ckf j`i xicxki/

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Xj`i { ::

Wiea%xi|ejoiov wdikvi|  % Vdaw fpikkao` pakk li itviofao` c}i| j |ikjva}ikq kco`i|

vaei/ Av pakk li j kco`%vi|e+ gceeyoavq%ljwif dcywao` vdjv djw wyxxc|va}i wi|}agiw

mc| dceikiww aofa}afyjkw/ Av pakk li wyxxc|va}i dcywao` pdagd iojlkiw fawxkjgif

xcxykjvacow vc ka}i jw aofixiofiovkq jw xcwwalki ao j xi|ejoiov wivvao`/ Vdi

wyxxc|va}i wi|}agiw ejq li x|c}afif lq vdi c|`joarjvaco ejoj`ao` vdi dcywao`

fixkcqeiov/ Wiea xi|ejoiov wivvkieiov gjo li x|c}afif ao coi wv|ygvy|i c| wi}i|jk

wv|ygvy|iw jv coi wavi c| ao eykvaxki wv|ygvy|iw jv wgjvvi|if waviw/

</:/< Yx`|jfao`

My|vdi| aex|c}ieiovw pakk li |izya|if vc li fcoi am vdi v|jowavacojk wdikvi|w dj}i

liio ywif mc| j wvjofj|f kamiwxjo cm av/ Vdi|i pcykf li mipi| gdjo`iw c|yx`|jfjvaco pavd vdi dikx cm pdagd vdi wjei wdikvi| gjo li ywif mc| jo jffavacojk

wxigamag vaei/

Yx`|jfao` pc|nw j|i |izya|if mc| wyl%wvjofj|f wdikvi|w vdjv j|i ocv mav%mc|%xy|xcwi+

wygd jw wdikvi|w vdjv gjoocv pavdwvjof vdi ecowcco+ da`d paofw> fc ocv dj}i x|cxi|

mcyofjvacow c| mkcc| wkjl+ dj}i wv|ygvy|jk fimagaiogaiw $yowjmi!> j|i x|coi vc

mkccfao` c| fc ocv dj}i jggiww vc jfizyjvi pjvi| jof wjoavjvaco/

Yx`|jfao` pc|nw j|i jkwc |izya|if vc l|ao` j wdikvi| ao kaoi pavd `c}i|oeiov

xckagq pdagd |imi|w vc Wxdi|i wvjofj|fw a/i/ aog|ijwao` vdi gc}i|if wxjgi/ Am av aw

aojfizyjvi+ |ixkjgieiov cm xkjwvag wdiivao` pavd ec|i fy|jlki jof jxx|cx|ajvi

ejvi|ajkw+ x|c}awaco cm ikigv|agavq+ ivg/

Ma`y|i </: % Wvj`iw cm j Wdikvi|

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Xj`i { :<

</< Wqwview cm viexc|j|q wdikvi|w

Ljwif co j fiejof jof gjxjgavq kc`ag vdi viexc|j|q wdikvi|w‑ wqwvie gjo li

fa}afif aovc vd|ii wyl%wqwview jw mckkcpw2%

  Viexc|j|q dcywao`/

  Viexc|j|q wcgajk ikieiovw/

  Viexc|j|q gceeco wi|}agiw c| mjgakavaiw/

Ijgd cm vdi jlc}i wyl%wqwview djw avw wxigamag wxjvajk yoavw jof vdiwi yoavw gjo li

cm vd|ii vqxiw jof vdiq j|i x|a}jvi vqxi+ wieax|a}jvi vqxi jof xylkag vqxi/

Av aw wy``iwvif vdjv vdiwi yoavw wdcykf li xkjooif+ ljwif yxco vdi mckkcpao`

eijwy|iw2%

  X|c}afao` j eaoaeye ki}ik cm gcemc|v jof pikmj|i/

  X|c}afao` vdi eiovjk wyxxc|v vc jmmigvif/

  Mckkcpao` vdi wvjofj|fw mc| }j|acyw myogvacow cm wxjgiw/

 C|`joarao` vdi wxjgiw ljwif co vdia| x|i%xkjooif myogvacow/

  Vjnao` aovc gcowafi|jvaco vdi kcgjk jof io}a|coeiovjk mjgvc|w/

  Gcowafi|ao` eykva%myogvacoao` mc| wcei wxjgiw+ am xcwwalki/

  G|ijvao` vdi viofiogq cm |ivy|oao` ljgn vc xi|ejoiov |iwafiogi/

  Gcowafi|ao` vdi wywvjaojlki fi}ikcxeiov x|aogaxkiw/

Mckkcpao` vdiwi eijwy|iw+ vdi cyvxyv pakk li livvi| jof vdi ljwag itxigvjvacow wiv

lq vdi Ywi|w jof vdi jfeaoawv|jva}i xjoik pakk li mykmakkif/ Wcei cm vdi x|ac|avaiw

dj}i liio wy``iwvif lq Dyejo \a`dvw+ YO Fawjwvi| \ikaim @ioi}j/  ^</7U

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Xj`i { :7

</7 Wy|}a}c|w‑ X|ac|avaiw $Itxigvjvacow! 

Wy|}a}c|w wdcp gi|vjao fawvaogv x|imi|iogiw mc| vdia| wdikvi| ao vdi jmvi|ejvd cm 

fawjwvi|/ Vdi i}afiogiw wy``iwv vdjv vdia| x|ac|avaiw j|i2%

  Vc |iejao jw gkcwi jw xcwwalki vc vdia| fjej`if c| |yaoif dceiw jof vdia|

eijow cm ka}ikadccf/

  Vc ec}i viexc|j|akq aovc vdi dceiw cm mjeakaiw c| m|aiofw/

  Vc aex|c}awi viexc|j|q wdikvi|w jw gkcwi jw xcwwalki vc vdi wavi cm vdia|

|yaoif dceiw/ Vdiwi wdikvi|w gjo li m|izyiovkq ao}ck}if aovc |ilyakv dcywiw/

  Vc cggyxq lyakfao`w pdagd dj}i liio viexc|j|akq fiejofif mc| ywi/

  Vc cggyxq viovw i|igvif ao c| oitv vc vdia| |yaoif dceiw/

  Vc li i}jgyjvif vc fawvjov kcgjvaco $gcexykwc|q i}jgyjvaco!/

</6 Wavi wikigvaco g|avi|aj mc| Viexc|j|q Wdikvi|w

Vc wikigv jo jxx|cx|ajvi wavi mc| viexc|j|q wdikvi|w wi}i|jk g|avi|aj djw liio

wy``iwvif lq }j|acyw wgdckj|w/ Vdiwi g|avi|aj gjo li wyeej|arif jw2%

  Oyeli| cm |imy`iiw

  Myogvacojkavq cm vdi wavi

  Aom|jwv|ygvy|iw j}jakjlki jv vdi wavi

  Gcoma`y|jvaco cm vdi wavi

  Jggiwwalakavq

</6/: Oyeli| cm |imy`iiw

Pavd |i`j|f vc oyeli| cm jmmigvif xicxki vpc ejao awwyiw wdcykf li gcowafi|if

pdagd j|i oyeli| cm xicxki ao fammi|iov wivvkieiov `|cyxw jof vdi ejtaeye

gjxjgavq cm ijgd gcexkit/ Lckc`oj^</6U

djw wy``iwvif vd|ii oyeli|w cm :88+ <98+

jof 688 jw jxx|cx|ajvi coi mc| vdi ejtaeye oyeli| cm xicxki ao wivvkieiov

`|cyxw+ fixiofao` co vdi vcvjk oyeli| cm dceikiww xicxki+ vdi oyeli| cm jaf

pc|ni|w jof vdia| gjxjlakavaiw+ wavyjvaco cm jaf/

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Xj`i { :6

</6/< Myogvacojkavq

\ikjva}ikq da`d immagaiogq+ eaoaeye jf}i|wi aovi|jgvaco pavd cvdi| gcexcoiovw cm 

vdi gavq pavd }j|acyw myogvacow jof itawviogi cm cxio j|ijw mc| |izya|if

fi}ikcxeiov j|i vdi awwyiw pdagd j|i vc li gcowafi|if pavd |i`j|f vc myogvacojkavq

cm vdi wavi/

</6/7 Aom|jwv|ygvy|i

Pjvi| jof pjwvipjvi| wqwview+ ioi|`q wyxxkq wqwvie+ wy|mjgi pjvi| f|jaoj`i

wqwvie jof gceeyoagjvaco wqwvie j|i vdi awwyiw |ikjvif vc vdi aom|jwv|ygvy|iw/

Xj|nw jof cvdi| xylkag `|iio j|ijw+ ejkkw+ wvjfaj jof xj|nao` kcvw j|i xcviovajkkq

`ccf xkjgiw+ pdagd ywyjkkq dj}i iocy`d aom|jwv|ygvy|iw/

</6/6 Gcoma`y|jvaco

Pavd |i`j|f vc vdi wavi gcoma`y|jvaco vdi kjof `iceiv|q+ `|cyof wkcxi jof

c|aiovjvaco wdcykf li vjnio aovc gcowafi|jvaco/ Ao vdi gjwi cm kaeavif wxjgiw mc|

viexc|j|q wdikvi|w+ vdi j|gdavigvy|jk fiwa`o |ckiw pakk li eygd aexc|vjov vc ejni

vdi liwv ywi cm vdi kaeavif j}jakjlki j|ij/

</6/9 Jggiwwalakavq

Fawvjogiw m|ce vdi iwwiovajk mjgakavaiw kani dcwxavjkw jof da`dpjqw j|i aexc|vjov

awwyiw pavd |i`j|f vc jggiwwalakavq/ Cvdi| aexc|vjov awwyiw ao vdaw |i`j|f j|i vdi

pafvd cm jggiww pjqw jof vdi v|jmmag gy||iov ao vdi jmvi|ejvd cm ij|vdzyjni/

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Xj`i { :9

</9 @yafikaoiw 

Ljwif co vdi ejvvi|w fawgywwif ao vdi x|i}acyw wigvacow av gjo li wjaf vdjv pavdcyv

gceeyoavq xj|vagaxjvaco oc viexc|j|q wdikvi| x|c`|jeei gjo li wyggiwwmyk/ Vdi

gceeyoavq xj|vagaxjvaco ocv cokq |iwykvw ao fig|ijwi ao vdi x|cbigv gcwvw lyv jkwcfig|ijwiw vdi gcowv|ygvaco vaei/ Mc| jvv|jgvao` vdi gceeyoavq xj|vagaxjvaco av aw

wy``iwvif vdjv vdi mckkcpao` xcaovw gjo li vjnio aovc gcowafi|jvaco2%

  Fiwa`oao` vdi wdikvi|w ljwif co vdi mjeakq wari/

  Gcowafi|ao` wcei iovi|vjaoeiov wxjgiw pavd ijwq jggiww ao vdi gcexkit/

  Gcowafi|ao` vdi gykvy|jk viofiogaiw cm }j|acyw `|cyxw cm xicxki jof

g|ijvao` wcei wxjgiw vc eiiv vdia| gykvy|jk oiifw/

  Xjqao` jvviovaco vc vdi viofiogq cm vdi xicxki vc dj}i ijwq jggiww vc vdi

fammi|iov jeioavaiw/

  V|qao` vc ywi vdi kcgjk ejvi|ajkw am vdiq gjo li ywif jxx|cx|ajvi ao

ij|vdzyjni |iwawvjov fiwa`o+ jof am ocv v|qao` vc aex|c}i vdia|

gdj|jgvi|awvagw/

  Ejnao` wxigajk immc|vw vc iowy|i vdi mykk jof izyjk xj|vagaxjvaco cm pceio

jof `a|kw/

  M|iifce cm vdcy`dv+ |ika`aco+ gcowgaiogi+ likaim+ cxaoacow jof itx|iwwacow/

  Vikkao` vc xicxki jlcyv vdi gcwvw cm viexc|j|q wdikvi|w cm }j|acyw wvqkiw/

Vdaw i}iovyjkkq pakk |iwykv aovc vdi wjvawmjgvaco cm vdi ywi|w jof vdio vdi|i pakk li

jo ao}ck}ieiov cm gceeyoavq/ Vdaw gjo jkwc dikx ao eaoaearao` }ackiogi jof vdimv

ao vdi wivvkieiov/

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Xj`i { :=

Gdjxvi| 7

7/: Yofi|wvjofao` Aofajo Fawjwvi| Eava`jvaco Immc|vw

Waogi vdi clbigva}i cm vdi x|cbigv aw vc fiwa`o j viexc|j|q wdikvi| mc| Aofajo

gcofavacow+ wvyfqao` wygd wgioj|acw ao Aofajo gcovitv pcykf x|c}i ec|i aowa`dvmyk

jof aomc|ejva}i m|ce vdi fiwa`o xcaov cm }aip/

7/< Ldyb Ij|vdzyjni cm <88:

Vdi kjwv aowvjogi cm j da`d \agdvi| ij|vdzyjni cggy||if ao @ybj|jv ao <88:/ Vdaw

aogafiov jof avw immigv co vdi xicxki ao vdi jmvi|ejvd jof vdi `c}i|oeiov‑w

eava`jvaco xkjow jof avw immagaiogq pi|i wvyfaif lq eijow cm kavi|jvy|i wy|}iqw jof

mcgyw `|cyx fawgywwacow pavd vdi }agvaew/

Vdi Ij|vdzyjni pjw cm ej`oavyfi =/1 co \agdvi|%Wgjki jof av dav vdi Piwvi|o

Aofajo Wvjvi cm @ybj|jv co vdi <=vd cm Bjoyj|q+ <88:/ Av gjywif itviowa}i fjej`i vc

kami - x|cxi|vq/ Vdaw pjw vdi ecwv fi}jwvjvao` ij|vdzyjni ao wgjki jof wymmi|ao` ao

xjwv 98 qij|w/ Vdi ixagiovi| cm vdi zyjni pjw kcgjvif jlcyv <8 ne Oc|vdijwv cm 

Ldyb Vcpo cm vdi Nyvgd fawv|agv ao Piwvi|o @ybj|jv/ Jv j fixvd cm cokq <7 new

likcp wy|mjgi vdaw zyjni `ioi|jvif aoviowi wdjnao` pdagd pjw mikv ao 08) |i`aco

cm Aofaj jof mj| liqcof ao oia`dlc|ao` Xjnawvjo jof Oixjk vcc/ Vdaw pjw mckkcpif

lq aoviowi jmvi|wdcgnw vdjv ligjei j gcovaoyif wcy|gi cm jotaivq mc| vdi

xcxykjvaco/ Av mjkkw ao Wiaweag Rcoi ]/ Ao kjwv <88 qij|w aexc|vjov fjej`ao`

ij|vdzyjniw cggy||if ao :4:1+ :466+ :469+ :49=+ :4=1+:19= ao vdi wjei }agaoavq jw

<88: ij|vdzyjni/ Vpiovq%coi cm vdi vcvjk <9 fawv|agvw cm vdi wvjvi pi|i jmmigvif ao

vdaw zyjni/ Vdi jmmigvif j|ijw i}io wx|ijf yx vc 788 ne m|ce vdi ixagiovi|/ Ao vdi

Nyvgd Fawv|agv+ mcy| ejbc| y|ljo j|ijw % Ldyb+ Jobj|+ Ljgdjy jof \jxj| wymmi|if

oij| vcvjk fiwv|ygvaco/ Vdi |y|jk j|ijw ao vdi |i`aco j|i jkwc }i|q ljfkq jmmigvif

pavd c}i| 698 }akkj`iw jkecwv vcvjkkq fiwv|cqif/^7/:U

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Xj`i { :0

7/7 Mcgyw @|cyx Fawgywwaco

J mcgyw `|cyx aw j mc|e cm zyjkavjva}i |iwij|gd ao pdagd j `|cyx cm xicxki j|i

jwnif jlcyv vdia| xi|gixvacow+ cxaoacow+ likaimw jof jvvavyfiw vcpj|fw j x|cfygv+

wi|}agi jof gcogixv/ Ao vdi wcgajk wgaiogiw jof y|ljo xkjooao`+ mcgyw `|cyxw jkkcpaovi|}aipi|w vc wvyfq xicxki ao j ec|i ojvy|jk wivvao` vdjo j coi%vc%coi aovi|}aip/

Ao gcelaojvaco pavd xj|vagaxjov clwi|}jvaco+ vdiq gjo li ywif mc| `jaoao` jggiww vc

}j|acyw gykvy|jk jof wcgajk `|cyxw+ wikigvao` waviw vc wvyfq+ wjexkao` cm wygd waviw+

jof |jawao` yoitxigvif awwyiw mc| itxkc|jvaco/ Mcgyw `|cyxw dj}i j da`d jxxj|iov

}jkafavq % waogi vdi afij aw ijwq vc yofi|wvjof+ vdi |iwykvw j|i likai}jlki/ Jkwc+ vdiq

j|i kcp ao gcwv+ coi gjo `iv |iwykvw |ikjva}ikq zyagnkq+ jof vdiq gjo aog|ijwi vdi

wjexki wari cm j |ixc|v lq vjknao` pavd wi}i|jk xicxki jv cogi/

Mcgyw `|cyx fawgywwaco x|cfygiw fjvj jof aowa`dvw vdjv pcykf li kiww jggiwwalki

pavdcyv aovi|jgvaco mcyof ao j `|cyx wivvao` % kawvioao` vc cvdi|w‑ }i|ljkarif

itxi|aiogiw wvaeykjviw eiec|aiw+ afijw jof itxi|aiogiw ao xj|vagaxjovw/ Vdaw aw

jkwc nocpo jw vdi `|cyx immigv pdi|i `|cyx eieli|w io`j`i ao j naof cm 

—gdjaoao`‑ c| —gjwgjfao`‑ immigv> vjkn kaonw vc+ c| vyelkiw cyv cm+ vdi vcxa gw jof

itx|iwwacow x|igifao` av/ @|cyx eieli|w fawgc}i| j gceeco kjo`yj`i vc fiwg|ali

waeakj| itxi|aiogiw/ Vdaw iojlkiw vdi gjxvy|i cm j mc|e cm ojva}i kjo`yj`i c|

}i|ojgykj| wxiigd vc yofi|wvjof vdi wavyjvaco/^7/<U

 

Dcpi}i|+ mcgyw `|cyxw jkwc dj}i fawjf}jovj`iw2 Vdi |iwij|gdi| djw kiww gcov|ck

c}i| j `|cyx vdjo j coi%co%coi aovi|}aip jof vdyw vaei gjo li kcwv co awwyiw

a||iki}jov vc vdi vcxag/ Vdi fjvj aw vcy`d vc jojkqri ligjywi vdi vjknao` aw ao

|ijgvaco vc vdi gceeiovw cm cvdi| `|cyx eieli|w/ Ec|ic}i|+ vdi oyeli| cm 

eieli|w cm j mcgyw `|cyx aw ocv kj|`i iocy`d vc li j |ix|iwiovjva}i wjexki cm j

xcxykjvaco/ Vdyw+ vdi fjvj clvjaoif m|ce vdi `|cyxw aw ocv oigiwwj|akq

|ix|iwiovjva}i cm vdi pdcki xcxykjvaco+ yokani vdi fjvj cm cxaoaco xckkw/ Mcgyw

`|cyx ao wcei gjwiw pakk li fawvy|lif lq vdi c}i|aofyk`iogi lq wcei eieli|w/

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Xj`i { :4

7/6 Fjvj Gckkigvaco

Diogi+ vc yofi|wvjof vdi Aofajo fawjwvi| eava`jvaco immc|vw+ j `|cyx fawgywwaco pjw

gcofygvif pavd j|cyof =8 xi|wcow ao Ldyb pdagd aw wavyjvif ao vdi Nyvgd fawv|agv cm @ybj|jv/

Vdi fjvj jof vdi gceeiovw lq `|cyx eieli|w gckkigvif lq vdi mcgyw `|cyx

fawgywwaco dj}i liio itxkjaoif jw mckkcpw2%

Vdi eava`jvaco immc|vw cm vdi `c}i|oeiov li`jo cmmagajkkq 7 fjqw jmvi| vdi aogafiov/

Vdaw pjw jvv|alyvif vc vdi mjgv vdjv Ldyb pjw kcgjvif ao j }i|q |iecvi xj|v cm vdi

wvjvi/ Dcpi}i| jmvi| vdi gceeyoagjvaco `jx pjw l|af`if+ vdi ma|wv jgva}avq jkco`

pavd vdi fika}i|q cm mccf jof gkcvdao` pjw vdi |iec}jk cm fil|aw jof fijf lcfaiw/

Ao vdi eijo vaei xicxki cm Ldyb djf wdamvif vc dy`i cxio `|cyofw ao wxavi cm vdi

gckf pijvdi| mc| pjov cm joq wyxxc|v/ Jkvdcy`d 78888 wdikvi|w pi|i oiifif+ vdi

}agvaew cokq `cv vdia| djofw co :9888 cm vdie+ jmvi| ec|i vdjo j ecovd/ Vdi ma|wv

gcowa`oeiov cm wdikvi|w j||a}if m|ce A|jo jof A|jz/ Dcpi}i| vdi fiwa`o pjw wc

gcexkagjvif vdjv vdiq aoavajkkq vccn jw kco` jw :< dcy|w vc gcowv|ygv/ Vdi wdikvi|wx|c}afif lq vdi Aofajo `c}i|oeiov faf ocv dj}i j ljwi jw ao vdi A|joajo ecfikw

pdagd eijov vdjv vdi kjof djf vc li mkjvvioif jof gkijoif mc| vdi wdikvi|/

Pdio vdi }agvaew cm vdi ij|vdzyjni pi|i aovi|}aipif+ vdia| }i|waco cm vdi wvc|q

gj||aif j kcv cm `|ai}jogiw jof gcexkjaovw/ Vdi vaei vjnio mc| dikx vc j||a}i pjw

g|avagarif lq coi jof jkk/ Jo aexc|vjov vdao` vc vjni ocvi cm di|i aw vdjv oc coi pjw

x|ixj|if mc| j wavyjvaco x|iwiovif lq j fawjwvi|/ Vdaw aw vdi |ijwco pdq vdi gc|xwiw

cm vdi }agvaew kjq yojvviofif yovak wcei aomc|eif dikx j||a}if/ Gkij|ao` vdi

gc|xwiw jof fil|aw pjw coi cm vdi ejao aview ao vdi j`iofj/ Jw mc| vdi `c}i|oeiov

jaf+ vdi viexc|j|q wdikvi|w x|c}afif pi|i ejfi cm vj|xjykao jof djf vc li

gcowv|ygvif pavd ljelcc/ Vdaw pjw ocv vdi afijk ejvi|ajk vc gcowv|ygv j wdikvi| ao

vdi gckf gkaejvi cm vdi |i`aco/ Jocvdi| x|clkie mjgif ao Ldyb pjw vdjv vdi

`c}i|oeiov pjw ocv jlki vc iwvaejvi vdi oyeli| cm xicxki jmmigvif |iwykvao` ao j

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cggy|+ vdia| xcviovajk aexjgv jof jxx|cx|ajvioiww cm }j|acyw |awn |ifygvaco

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lyakfao` eivdcfw jof lyakfao` |i`ykjvacow/

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|izya|iw j wv|jvi`q pdagd gjxavjkariw co vdi j}jakjlakavq cm myofw jof xckavagjk pakk+

jof aogkyfiw wcgajk jof maojogajk eijwy|iw |ikjvao` vc jpj|ioiww |jawao` jof

x|ixj|ifoiww/ Vdi cxxc|vyoavq vc |jvacojkari y|ljo xkjow vc aogkyfi i}jgyjvaco

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pdagd wdcykf x|c}afi wymmagaiov aomc|ejvaco vc iojlki wioac| ejoj`i|w vc `a}i

jxx|c}jk vc x|cgiif gc`oarjov cm vdi gcovitv+ vdi gjxjlakavaiw cm vdia| c|`joarjvaco

jof j}jakjlakavq cm |iwcy|giw/ Vdi x|c`|jeei xkjo gjo jkwc li ywif jw vdi ljwaw mc|

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wdj|if yofi|wvjofao` cm vdi x|cxcwif wdikvi| x|c`|jeei jv jkk ki}ikw pavdao jo

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vdiq pi|i x|i}acywkq kcgjvif c| |ikcgjvao` gceeyoavaiw vc |iwivvkieiov waviw+ vdi

wyavjlakavq cm vdi wavi mc| |igcowv|ygvaco wdcykf li }i|amaif/ Jfizyjvi wavi wikigvaco

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Xj`i { 60

wyavjlki mc| |igcowv|ygvaco+ jw vdiq gjo da`dka`dv j|ijw wylbigv vc djrj|fw wygd jw

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Ki`jk gi|vamagjvaco cm kjof aw j x|i%|izyawavi vc |igcowv|ygvaco+ qiv vdi wqwvie mc|

gi|vamagjvaco ejq ocv dj}i liio gcex|idiowa}i jof niq fcgyeiovw co kjof vavkiw c|

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cpoif aofa}afyjkkq+ gceeyojkkq c| lq vdi `c}i|oeiov/ Iwvjlkawdao` kjof vavkiw

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ocv vc itjgi|ljvi fammi|iogiw ao kjof }jkyiw/ Wxigamag gcowafi|jvaco eywv jkwc li

`a}io vc vdi |a`dvw cm viojovw c| aomc|ejk fpikki|w vdjv pi|i ocv x|i}acywkq kjof

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wi|}agiw+ xylkag lyakfao`w jof ka}ikadccf mjgakavaiw/

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vdjv zyjkavq aw yofi|wvccf m|ce vdi cggyxjov‑w xi|wxigva}i/ Vdia| x|aej|q gcogi|o

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Xj`i { 61

jof fawxcwjk cm vctag wylwvjogiw+ aojfizyjvi gcowafi|jvaco cm pjvi| jof wjoavjvaco

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pavdcyv wa`oamagjov gcwv aexkagjvacow+ am fawjwvi| |awn |ifygvaco wv|jvi`aiw j|i

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lyakv%ao wv|io`vd vc iowy|i gcovaoyavq cm cxi|jvaco mckkcpao` j myvy|i fawjwvi|/

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  Wjmivq rcoiw vc li figkj|if

  Xckagi xcwvw jof m|izyiov xjv|ckkao` 

  Oipw x|c}awaco # gceeyoagjvaco ao vdi wivvkieiov  

  Xjwv itxi|aiogiw jof x|igjyvacoj|q eijwy|iw 

  \i`ykjvif fawv|alyvaco 

 Gceeyoagjvaco pavd vdi cyvwafi pc|kf % Oipw Gdjooikw+ Oipwxjxi|w 

  Ywi cm |igc}i|if ejvi|ajkw % L|agnw+ eivjk jo`kiw+ gc||y`jvif wdiivw+ ivg/

:=/ Co Wavi Ejoj`ieiov

  Kjp jof c|fi| % Wigy|avq J`iogaiw

  Wjmivq cm xicxki+ wdikvi|w jof wvc|if ejvi|ajkw

  Wqwviejvag jof fawgaxkaoif fawv|alyvaco gdjao

 Wvc|j`i wxjgi % Xi|wcojk ywi jof co Wavi

:0/ Gceeyoagjvaco X|clkiew

  Ywi cm ocovigdoagjk gceeyoagjvaco % V|ygn F|a}i|w+ Wyxxkai|w+ ivg/

  @yafikaoiw x|aovif co vdi wdikvi| avwikm 

  Pc|f cm Ecyvd gceeyoagjvaco % Cxio wxjgi jw vdi xkjgi mc| wx|ijfao`

aomc|ejvaco lq ywao` —ldcxy‑ jof#c| —oj`j|j‑  

:4/ ]ckyovii|ao` jafw

  Iecvacojk aeljkjogi+ v|jyejvarif wvjvyw

  \i`awvi|ao` jof pc|nao` pavd iovdywajwvw‑ `|cyxw  

  Wivvkao` gcyowikc|w jof aowv|ygvc|w co wavi

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Xj`i { =<

:1/ Dyejo Mjgvc|w

<8/ Wxjgi Gcowi|}jvaco

  Vqxi cm wv|ygvy|i+ xjvvi|ow cm jwwielkq jof vdi ecfi cm v|jowxc|vjvaco

% wdcykf pc|n vc`ivdi|

  Wjmi Xjgnj`ao` % Xdqwagjk aexjgv cm v|jowxc|vjvaco co wdikvi| navw

  Aovi`|jvao` v|jowxc|vjvaco cm wdikvi|w pavd ljwaw wyxxkaiw cm oigiwwj|q vdao`w

kani mccf+ gkcvdiw+ eifagaoiw+ ivg/

<:/ Ywi|w‑ Itxigvjvacow 

  Ijwi cm aowvjkkjvaco jof v|jowxc|vjvaco co wavi

  Afiovamqao` fammi|iov yoavw lq gckc| % Eifagjk Giovi|w+ Vcakivw+ Wigy|avq

xcwvw+ wdikvi|w+ Ioi|`q wyxxkq yoavw+ ivg/

  ]awalakavq Ejvvi|w*

<</ \ijwwy|jogi jof \ilyakfao`

  Iovi|vjaoeiov gjo li mc| myof|jawao`

  Av wdcykf li fa}afif wvj`i pawi

  @c}aofj Ec}aiw # X|jqi|w # Ldjbjow

<7/ Viexc|jk Myogvacojkavq cm Wdikvi|w

<6/ Aovi|jgvaco livpiio Eag|c Wxjgiw

<9/ ]ykoi|jlki @|cyxw

  Vc li xkjgif wjmi jof wixj|jvif

  Oij|iwv jxx|cjgd vc ljwag jeioavaiw

  Yofi| gkcwi wy|}iakkjogi cm Wigy|avq xcwvw

<=/ Xylkag Dijkvd jof Wjoavjvaco

<0/ Wywvjaojlakavq $Xcwwalakavaiw co Wavi!

<4/ Wnikivco cm Wdikvi| 

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Xj`i { =7

9/6 Afijvaco

Afijvaco aw vdi ma|wv wvj`i cm }awyjkarjvaco ao j fiwa`o x|clkie pdi|i vdi oiif

wvjvieiov aw kccnif yxco m|ce fammi|iov jwxigvw cm fiwa`o fi}ikcxeiov+ ywj`i jof

ej|niv x|cecvaco vc dj}i j la|f‑w iqi }aip cm vdi iova|i igcwqwvie ao pdagd jx|cfygv pakk pc|n/ Vdi ma|wv itxkc|jvaco aw jo jffava}i x|cgiww pdi|i i}i|q afij

a||iwxigva}i cm avw zyjkavq aw nixv mc| my|vdi| |imi|iogi/ Vdi afijw vc li `ioi|jvif

eywv li ywi| giovi|if jof vdi ywi| oiifw wdcykf li `a}io niq gcowafi|jvaco/ Vdi

afijw eywv li ocvif fcpo jof fivjakw oiif ocv li pc|nif co jv vdaw wvj`i/ Vdaw

ywi| giovi|if fiwa`o xdakcwcxdq ejniw jo jvviexv vc cxvaeari vdi gcowyei|‑w

ywjlakavq lq yofi|wvjofao` vdi oiifw j|cyof+ |i`j|fao` dcp xicxki gjo+ pjov c|

oiif vc pc|n+ |jvdi| vdjo mc|gao` vdi gcowyei|w vc gdjo`i dcp vdiq pc|n vc

jggceecfjvi vdi oip fiwa`o x|cgiww jof fiwa`oi|‑w jxx|cjgd/ ^9/7U

Vdi wigcof itxkc|jvaco aw wylv|jgva}i+ pdi|i }j|acyw gcowv|jaovw j|i jxxkaif co vdi

itxkc|if wckyvacow ao c|fi| vc fivi|eaoi vdi wy|}a}jk cm vdi mavviwv ao vdi iei|`ao`

igcwqwvie/ Vdi afij |jgn aw my|vdi| itxkc|if mc| j wikigva}i x|cgiww vd|cy`d pdagd

vdi maojk gcogixv aw fi|a}if vd|cy`d viwvw fcoi ao |ijk wxjgi jof vaei pavd ywi|w

jof ej|niv xcwwalakavaiw/ Lq ocvao` fcpo jkk afijw jof vdio jojkqrao` vdie

jggc|fao` vc vdia| mijwalakavq+ pdagd gjo li aexkieiovif aeeifajvikq jof afijw

pdagd oiif vc li pc|nif my|vdi| co+ vdi oitv wvj`i cm fiwa`o x|cgiww pjw gj||aif+

a/i/2 Gcogixvyjkarjvaco/ Av gjo li fimaoif jw vdi x|cgiww cm afiovamqao` jof

gkj|amqao` gcogixvw+ vd|cy`d pdagd coi wxigamaiw pdjv coi eijow lq ywao` gi|vjao

vi|ew/ Vdi x|clkie aw pafi cxio jv vdaw wvj`i/ Itxkc|jvacow cm }j|acyw afijw pdagd

eiiv vdi oiifw j|i ocvif fcpo/ I}i|q afij aw ocvif fcpo jof wvc|if/ Vdaw wvc|j`i

cm afijw aw gjkkif jw —Afij \jgn‑/ Gcogixvyjkarjvaco aw fcoi vc gcei pavd oyeli| 

cm afijw wc jw vc eiiv vdi oiifw/

Vcc ejoq afijw pcykf jkwc kijf vc gcomywaco ao vdi wikigvaco x|cgify|i+ wc cogi

vdi afij |jgn djw wymmagaiov afijw $ocv kiww vdjo vd|ii!+ coi ec}iw vc vdi oitv wvix

cm fiwa`o/ Vdi oitv wvix ao}ck}iw wikigvaco cm gcogixvw+ fimaoao` avw mijvy|iw jof

fivjakao` av/ ^9/6U

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Xj`i { =6

9/9 Gcogixv @ioi|jvaco

9/9/: Gcogixv :

Gcogixv : vj|`ivw jv g|ijvao` j wxjvajk/ Vdi gcogixv aw ejfi yx cm j ljwag yoav

pdagd aw x|cfygif lq ywao` M\X $Mali| \iaomc|gif Xkjwvag!/

Vdi afij aw vc g|ijvi vdi wdikvi| lq ywao` vqxagjk eieli|w vc j}caf kio`vdq x|cgiww

cm fixkcqeiov/ Vdi wdikvi| djw liio wc gcogixvyjkarif vdjv mcy| vqxagjk eieli|w

j|i `cao` vc li ywif vc fixkcq j wdikvi| jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi :/ My|vdi| fawgywwaco

|ikjviw vc vdi ma`y|iw x|c}afif di|i pavd vdi gcogixv/

Yoav Coi aw `cao` vc li ywif jw pjkkw/ Vdaw yoav djw j vdagnoiww cm =―+ ligjywi av aw

`cao` vc li ywif jw j kcjf lij|ao` eieli|/ J —V‑ wdjxif ikieiov djw `cv aowi|vaco

xcaovw jv vdi vcx jof jv vdi lcvvce vc li makkif pavd vdi |ccm jof vdi ljwi

|iwxigva}ikq jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi </ Vdi :‑ da`d xj|v jv vdi lcvvce aw wyxxcwif vc li

aowi|vif aovc ij|vd jof jogdc|if lq ywao` wviik |cfw/ Vdi jogdc|j`i xcaovw j|i

wdcpo ao vdi iki}jvaco cm vdi wjei ikieiov/ Vdi =― vdagn dc|arcovjk xj|v aw

x|c}afif wc jw vc wvjlakari vdi pdcki ikieiov pdaki aowi|vif aovc ij|vd/ Vdi

aowi|vaco xcaov jv vdi lcvvce aw xkjgif 4― jlc}i vdi dc|arcovjk xj|v wc vdjv vdi

fawvjogi cm vdi ljwi m|ce vdi ij|vd aog|ijwiw/ Vdaw aw j wjmivq mjgvc| jw jmvi| jo

ij|vdzyjni+ vdi kjof pdagd pakk li j}jakjlki vc wivvki fcpo vdi viexc|j|q

aowvjkkjvacow gjo li |cgnq c| piv/ Vc j}caf vdaw yofykjvif kjof jof vdi piv |i`acow+

vdaw itv|ywaco pakk li j xcwava}i mjgvc|/

Vdi xj|v cm vdaw }i|vagjk eieli| pdagd aw 4‑ da`d+ pakk li jgvao` jw vdi aovi|ojk

pjkk cm vdi wdikvi|/ Vdi j}i|j`i dia`dv cm jo jfykv xi|wco ao Aofaj aw =‑ jof diogi+

vdaw 4‑ da`d xj|v pakk li x|c}afao` j gcemc|vjlki j|ij mc| j xi|wco ao wvjofao`

xcwavaco/ Ma}i paofcpw j|i x|c}afif co vdiwi }i|vagjk eieli|w vc x|c}afi jo

jexki jecyov cm ja| ga|gykjvaco/ Lcvd vdi pjkkw dj}i liio x|c}afif pavd

}iovakjvc|w jv vdi lcvvce vc g|ijvi j g|cww }iovakjvif io}a|coeiov ao vdi wdikvi|/

Vdiwi }i|vagjk eieli|w j|i vc li xkjgif wygd vdjv vdi fawvjogi livpiio vdi giov|i

kaoiw cm lcvd eieli|w pakk li :7‑ pdagd `a}iw jo aovi|ojk pafvd cm vdi ljwi+ :<‑ jw

wdcpo ao Xkjo ao Xkjvi </

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Xj`i { =9

Cogi vdi }i|vagjk eieli|w j|i matif+ oitv wvix aw vdi aowi|vaco x|cgiww cm vdi ljwi

jof vdi |ccm/ Ma|wv+ ljwi ikieiov pakk li aowi|vif aovc vdi wkcvw kimv jv lcvvce/ Vdi

}i|vagjk ikieiov cm vdaw xj|v pakk kcgn vdi xcwavaco jw av pakk ocv xjww vd|cy`dcyv vdi

wkcv/ Vdaw ejniw vdi fawvjogi livpiio mkcc| ki}ik jof `|cyof ki}ik <8― wjmi iocy`d

m|ce vdi x|clkiew fawgywwif jlc}i jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi </ Vdi aowi|vaco wkcvw kimv mc|

vdi |ccm jof vdi ljwi j|i x|c}afif =― jpjq m|ce vdi itvi|ojk xcaovw cm vdi }i|vagjk

eieli|w pdagd jkkcpw niixao` lcvd dc|arcovjk eieli|w matif jv vdia| xkjgiw/

Vdi dc|arcovjk yoav+ Yoav Vpc wdcpo ao Xkjvi 9+ pdagd aw `cao` vc li ywif jw j |ccm 

djw j vdagnoiww cm 6―/ Av aw kiww vdjo }i|vagjk eieli|w jw vdaw yoav aw ocv `cao` vc li

ywif jw j kcjf lij|ao` eieli|/ Vdaw jkwc dikxw ao eaoaearao` vdi itgiwwa}i ywi cm 

ejvi|ajkw/ Vdaw yoav pakk li aowi|vif aovc vdi wkcv kimv jv vdi vcx jof j`jao+ vdi

}i|vagjk ikieiov cm vdaw yoav pakk dikx vc mat vdi xcwavaco cm jkk mcy| yoavw ywif vakk

ocp/ Vc iowy|i wvjlakavq+ vdi }i|vagjk eieli|w pakk li vaif faj`cojkkq pavd ikjwvag

|cxiw jw wdcpo ao |ij| iki}jvaco ao Xkjvi </ Vdaw yoav djw j oj}i jv vdi iof pdagd

pakk li dikxmyk mc| vdi |jao pjvi| dj|}iwvao` x|cgiww pdagd g|ijviw j wckyvaco mc|

vdi wgj|gavq cm pjvi| jv wygd fakjxafjvif xkjgi/

Vdi x|cgiww cm aowi|vaco aw akkywv|jvif ao vdi iki}jvaco cm jwwielkq ao Xkjvi 9/ Vdaw

jwwielkq `a}iw j gc}i| m|ce mcy| wafiw/ Vdi m|cov jof vdi |ij| wafi cm vdi wdikvi|

j|i `cao` vc li gc}i|if pavd Gjo}jw wdiivw jw wdcpo ao vdi |ij| jof m|cov iki}jvaco

ao Xkjvi </ Vdi gjo}jw wdiiv pdagd aw `cao` vc li ywif jv vdi m|cov wafi djw liio

x|c}afif pavd j fcc| jof vpc paofcpw pdagd aex|c}i vdi ja| ga|gykjvaco ao vdi

wdikvi|/

Vdaw wdikvi| x|c}afiw j gj|xiv j|ij cm $:<‑ T ::‑! pdagd x|c}afiw j wxjgi mc| = vc 4

xi|wcow vc wkiix ao/ Vdaw j|ij pakk jkwc li |iwxcowalki mc| vdi g|ijvaco cm miikao` cm 

likco`ao` jof pdagd gjo li gjkkif jw j xkjgi vc ka}i/ Vc yvakari vdi aooi| wy|mjgi cm 

vdi pjkk+ j xkjvmc|e aw x|c}afif co ijgd pjkk/ Vdaw xkjvmc|e aw dyo` co ijgd pjkk/

Vdaw bcaoi|q jkkcpw av vc li |cvjvif pdio ocv oiifif/ Vdi xkjvmc|e aw jv j dia`dv cm 

<‑ pdagd aw wymmagaiov mc| av vc li ywif jw j pc|nao` fiwn/ Vdaw xkjvmc|e pakk li

dikxmyk mc| vdcwi eieli|w cm vdi mjeakq pdc j|i wagn c| oiif j wixj|jvi wxjgi vc

wkiix/ Vdi jkvi|ojvi j||jo`ieiov cm vdiwi xkjvmc|ew co vdi pjkkw x|c}afiw jexkiwxjgi ao livpiio vc aovi|jgv jw pikk jw vc wkiix/ Pdaki liao` ywif jv oa`dv vc wkiix+

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Xj`i { ==

vdi dia`dv cm vdi ki`w pakk ocv fawvy|l vdi x|ijkkcgjvif wxjgiw pdagd j|i wyxxcwif

vc li ywif vc wkiix lq cvdi| eieli|w/

Lyv+ vdaw j|ij pakk ocv li jlki vc x|c}afi j wxjgi mc| xi|wcojk wvc|j`i/ Diogi+ jo

itviowaco djw vc li fiwa`oif vc mykmakk vdiwi |izya|ieiovw/ Diogi+ mckkcpao` vdi

|a`dv djof wafi itvi|ac| x|cmaki cm vdi wdikvi|+ jo itviowaco lct aw fiwa`oif pdagd

 x|c}afiw j gj|xiv j|ij cm $9‑<― T 0‑6―! jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi 7/ Vdaw wxjgi aw wyxxcwif

vc li x|c}afif vc vdcwi xicxki c| mjeakaiw pdc |izya|i av mc| wvc|j`i/ Vdaw

—itviowaco lct‑ gjo jkwc li dikxmyk mc| vdi jfeaoawv|jvaco j|ij jof vdi mccf

x|ixj|jvaco lkcgn/ Vdaw jvvjgdeiov `a}iw vdi wdikvi| jocvdi| faeiowaco vc vdi

fiwa`o cm vdi pdcki wqwvie pdagd g|ijviw vdi xcwwalakavaiw cm livvi| wavi ejv|at/

X|c}afao` wdikvi|w ao j gkywvi| g|ijviw j oia`dlc|dccf wiowi jof mip gceeco

wxjgiw gjo jkwc li x|c}afif/ Vdaw jvvjgdeiov pakk g|ijvi fammi|iov gkywvi|w vc li

fixkcqif co wavi jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi 6/

Jmvi| vdi wdikvi| aw fixkcqif+ av djw wcei |iejaoao` wigvacow cm ijgd dc|arcovjk

eieli|/ Vdi xj|v cm ljwi pdagd itviofw liqcof vdi pjkk kaoi gjo li ywif vc wav jw

wdcpo ao |ij| iki}jvaco ao Xkjvi </ Jof+ vdi itviofif xj|vw cm |ccm pakk li ywif vc

vai mip |cxiw pdagd gjo li ywif jw gkcvdiwkaoiw/

Co vdi ejoj`ieiov m|cov+ fammi|iov j`iogaiw j|i ao}ck}if ao x|cfygvaco jof

v|jowxc|vjvaco cm vdiwi yoavw/ Jw vdi yoavw j|i vqxagjk+ kij}ao` mip aowi|vaco fivjakw+

av pakk li jo ijwai| vjwn vc x|cfygi wygd yoavw jv j kj|`i| wgjki/ Cogi vdi ecykf aw

|ijfq+ x|cfygvaco pakk li immagaiov iocy`d vc dikx vdie ejni jo ao}iovc|q mc|

fawjwvi| eava`jvaco x|c`|jeei/

Co vdi cvdi| djof+ vdi yoavw pakk jkwc li dikxmyk ao jo immagaiov pjq cm wvc|j`i jof

v|jowxc|vjvaco/ Jw wdcpo ao Xkjvi 6+ vdi wvjgnao` j||jo`ieiov cm vdiwi eieli|w

pakk li ywif vc aovi`|jvi v|jowxc|vjvaco cm cvdi| oigiwwj|q ejvi|ajkw pavd vdiwi

ikieiovw/ Vdi `jxw ao livpiio vdi ikieiovw j|i 4― vdagn pdagd `a}iw j wymmagaiov

wxjgi mc| jlcyv 4 ejvv|iwwiw vc li v|jowxc|vif pdaki vdi ao}iovc|q aw liao`

v|jowxc|vif/ 

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Xj`i { =0

9/9/< Gcogixv <

Gcogixv < vj|`ivw jv g|ijvao` oigiwwj|q wxjgiw pavd vdi dikx cm vikiwgcxag

eigdjoawe cm vd|ii wigvacow/ Vdi gcogixv aw ywao` M\X $Mali| \iaomc|gif Xkjwvag!

jw j x|cfygvaco ejvi|ajk/

Vdi afij aw vc g|ijvi j ka}ao` wxjgi lq ywao` vd|ii lctiw Xj|v :+ Xj|v < jof Xj|v 7

pdagd j|i matif lq j wkafao` eigdjoawe ao ijgd cvdi| vc j}caf kio`vdq x|cgiww cm 

fixkcqeiov/

\imi||ao` vc vdi xkjow cm ijgd lct wdcpo ao Xkjvi 4+ xkjo cm Xj|v Coi wdcpw vdjv

vdi aovi|ojk gj|xiv j|ij aw $=‑=― T :8‑! pdagd aw wymmagaiov mc| vpc xi|wcow vc wkiix/

Vdaw wxjgi pakk jkwc x|c}afi jo jexki j|ij mc| = vc 4 xi|wcow vc wav jof wdj|i vdia|

itxi|aiogiw/ J wxjgi cm $=‑=― T 7‑=―! `ivw kimv i}io jmvi| vpc xi|wcow j|i wkiixao`

ao vdaw xj|v/ Vdaw itv|j wxjgi gjo li ywif jw j xi|wcojk wvc|j`i wxjgi pdi|i |iwgyif

j|vagkiw gjo li nixv/ Xj|v Coi aw x|c}afif pavd mcy| paofcpw co lcvd wafiw pdagd

niix vdi wxjgi }iovakjvif/

Xj|v vpc djw j gj|xiv j|ij cm $9‑=― T 1‑6―!/ Jw vdaw xj|v aw kcgjvif jv vdi aowafi cm 

vdi wdikvi|+ vdi wxjgi pakk li jlki vc jggceecfjvi pcejo jof j gdakf cm vdi wjei

mjeakq/ Vdaw g|ijviw j miikao` cm |iwxcowalakavq mc| vdi cvdi| eieli|w cm vdi mjeakq/

Am vdaw wdikvi| aw `cao` vc li ywif mc| vdi }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw+ vdaw j|ij pakk x|c}afi j

wxjgi mc| ikfi| coiw/ Xj|v Vpc aw x|c}afif pavd mcy| paofcpw co lcvd wafiw pdagd

niix vdi wxjgi }iovakjvif/

Xj|v Coi jof Xj|v Vpc j|i x|c}afif pavd }iovakjvc|w jv vdi lcvvce co lcvd wafiw

pavd vdi dikx cm pdagd j `ccf zyjkavq cm g|cww }iovakjvaco aw jwwy|if/

Xj|v vd|ii aw x|c}afif pavd j gj|xiv j|ij cm $7‑4― T 4‑4―!/ Vdaw xj|v djw liio

fa}afif aovc vd|ii ki}ikw lq x|c}afao` vai|w jv vpc xcaovw jkco` vdi dia`dv cm vdi

xj|v jw wdcpo ao vdi wigvaco ao Xkjvi 4/ Vdaw j||jo`ieiov gjo li |imi||if vc vdi

vqxagjk x|c}awaco cm la|vdw ao j |jakpjq gcjgd/ Vdaw j||jo`ieiov dikxw vc yvakari vdi

dia`dv cm vdi xj|v/

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Xj`i { =4

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:1 = = 1 9 78 78 69

<8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8

<: 9 1 9 1 69 4: 69

<< = 0 = 0 6< 61 6<

<7 1 1 1 = 96 96 96

<6 9 9 9 4 68 68 68

Pia`dvj`i

mc| ̀ |cyxw

$p!

Gcogixv :

$j!

Gcogixv <

$l!

Gcogixv 7

$g!

Vcvjk %

Gcogixv :

$p T j!

Vcvjk %

Gcogixv <

$p T l!

Vcvjk %

Gcogixv 7

$p T g!

:4 7:0 740 794 908= =1== =666

:9 :40 :4< <<6 <489 <078 77=8

:8 :0: :0: :67 :0:8 :0:8 :678

:< :9< :64 :0: :4<6 :00= <89<

4 78 78 69 <68 <68 7=8

:6 :4: <<6 :4: <976 7:7= <976

:64:1 :=994 :=:48

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X j ` i { 01

Jmvi| dj}ao` jkk mcy| miifljgnw jof vdi |iwxigva}i gjkgykjvacow+ vdi vcvjk xcaovw cm ijgd

gcogixv gjo li jffif vc maof cyv pdagd gcogixv djw `cv vdi da`diwv vcvjk/ 

Diogi+ lq jojkqrao` jkk gcogixvw co vdi ljwaw cm jvv|alyviw+ Gcogixv Coi x|c}iw vc li

ec|i mijwalki+ ywi| m|aiofkq jof j }ajlki gcogixv vc `c jdijf pavd/

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X j ` i { 48

9/0 X|cvcvqxi X|ixj|jvaco

Limc|i j x|cfygv aw vc li xyv aovc ejww x|cfygvaco+ avw x|cvcvqxi aw ejfi jof aw

i}jkyjvif mc| avw xi|mc|ejogi jof vdi |awn jojkqwaw aw fcoi/ X|cvcvqxi ejnao` aw

oigiwwj|q jw `ioi|jvif 7F ecfikw+ gjf f|jpao`w jof wnivgdiw kccn }i|q fammi|iov m|cevdi jgvyjk x|cvcvqxiw/ Av aw fammagykv vc }awyjkari vdi wdjxi vd|cy`d wnivgdiw jof gcexyvi|

fawxkjqw/ Vdi xi|mc|ejogi cm joq x|cfygv gjoocv li fivi|eaoif c| x|ifagvif pavd

gi|vjaovq pavdcyv viwvao` av/ Wc+ j x|cvcvqxi aw ejfi jof avw xi|mc|ejogi aw i}jkyjvif/

J fiwa`oi| ejq dj}i mip kaeavjvacow jof xi|wcojk kaniw jof fawkaniw/ Jof+ diogi di c|

wdi aw ocv jkpjqw ao j xcwavaco vc vdaon cm jkk vdi x|cfygv jvv|alyviw ao}ck}if ao vdi

fiwa`o/ Wcei yonocpo xj|jeivi|w vcc ejq vy|o yx vc ejni vdi x|cfygv ocv `ccf

iocy`d mc| vdi iof ywi|w/ Vdi|imc|i+ vdi|i aw jvv|avaco fy|ao` vdi x|cvcvqxi xdjwi

pdi|iao wcei fiwa`ow j|i ocv jxx|c}if jof fawgj|fif/

Mc| vdi aoavajk xdjwi cm viwvao`+ wgjkif x|cvcvqxi aw ejfi vc gdign vdi i|`coceag mjgvc|w

gcowafi|if pdaki fiwa`oao`/ Pdi|ijw+ da`d mafikavq x|cvcvqxi aw wceivdao` kccnif jv ao

vdi myvy|i vc gdign vdi myogvacojkavq jof maojk ywj`i jwxigvw cm vdi x|cfygv/

9/0/: Wgjkif X|cvcvqxi

Vdi ejao |ijwco vc ejni vdi x|cvcvqxi pjw vc gdign vdi }ckyei jof x|cxc|vacow cm 

vdi mc|e `ioi|jvif/ Av pjw jkwc oigiwwj|q vc gdign pdivdi| vdi mc|e `ioi|jvif pjw

jlki vc li jwwcgajvif jw j wxjgi vc ka}i jof vc wdj|i oia`dlc|dccf kami lq vdi

|iwafiovw c| ocv/ Mc| vdaw xdjwi cm x|cvcvqxi ejnao`+ vdi wdikvi| ecfik pjw ejfi ao

da`d fiowavq xkqpccf wdiivw+ jggc|fao` vc vdi gjf f|jpao`w/ Pccf pjw x|imi||if

mc| ejnao` vdaw x|cvcvqxi aowvijf cm XY mcje c| vdi|ecgck jw av oiifif dj|fi| jof

dij}ai| ejvi|ajk vc viwv jof miik vdi x|cvcvqxi/ Vdi pccfio ecfik pjw djof g|jmvif

jw xi| vdi fivjakif gjf f|jpao`w pavdcyv joq vitvy|i c| jgvyjk gckc| `a}io vc av/

Jw vdi jgvyjk faeiowacow cm vdi fiwa`o j|i $:<‑ T :<‑ T :9‑6―!+ vdi wgjki mc|

x|cvcvqxi ejnao` pjw vjnio jw :2=> pdagd eijow j kaoi cm kio`vd =‑  wdcykf li

gcowafi|if jw :‑/  

Cogi vdi x|cvcvqxi pjw |ijfq+ av pjw gcjvif pavd j kjqi| cm wy|mjgi jof xyvvq vc

`a}i av j maoawdif kccn/ Vdi aej`iw cm vdi x|cvcvqxi j|i jw mckkcpw2%

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X j ` i { 4:

Ma`y|i 9/9 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % M|cov Iki}jvaco

Ma`y|i 9/= % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % \a`dv Wafi Iki}jvaco

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X j ` i { 4<

Ma`y|i 9/4 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Vcx ]aip $Cxio!

Ma`y|i 9/0 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Kimv Wafi Iki}jvaco

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X j ` i { 47

Ma`y|i 9/:: % Xcwavaco cm xkjvmc|e co kimv pjkk

Ma`y|i 9/1 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Aovi|ac| ]aip $Cxio!

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X j ` i { 46

Ma`y|i 9/:< % Iov|jogi aovc itviofif wvc|i |cce

Ma`y|i 9/:8 % Xkjvmc|e liao` ywif

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X j ` i { 49

9/0/< Fiwa`o Gceeyoagjvaco

Vdi gyiao` cm x|cfygv myogvacojkavq jof vdi wvixw ao}ck}if ao vi|ew cm avw

jxxkagjvaco jkwc oiifw vc li gco}iqif/ Mc| vdaw awwyi+ j wvix lq wvix x|cgify|i cm 

vdi fixkcqeiov cm vdi wdikvi| oiifw vc li itxkjaoif vd|cy`d }awyjk xagvc`|jew c|

akkywv|jvacow/ Vdaw akkywv|jvaco pakk li x|aovif co gdj|vw mc| vdi iof ywi|+ pdagd

ea`dv li vdi jmmigvif c| j eieli| m|ce fixkcqeiov vije+ vc |ijf vdi fivjakif

x|cgiww pdagd aw vc li aexkieiovif lq vdie pdaki fixkcqeiov/

Vdaw xdjwi wvj|vif lq p|avao` vdi fivjakif wvix lq wvix x|cgiww pdagd oiifw vc li

fcoi vc i|igv j gcexkivi wdikvi|/ Vdaw aw vdio mckkcpif lq |iofi|ao` vdi

akkywv|jvacow |izya|if mc| ijgd wvix/

Vdi aowv|ygvaco ejoyjk diogi fiwa`oif aw jw mckkcpw2% 

Ma`y|i 9/:7 % \iwxigva}i Xcwavacow cm Paofcpw jof ]iovakjvc|w

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X j ` i { 4=

Ma`y|i 9/:6 % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i :!

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X j ` i { 40

Ma`y|i 9/:9 % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i <!

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X j ` i { 44

Ma`y|i 9/:= % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i 7!

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X j ` i { 41

Gdjxvi| =

Liqcof Wdikvi|2 Fi}ikcxao` j Wivvkieiov Wv|jvi`q

J `ccf wivvkieiovw x|c`|je aw aovi`|jvif jof eykva%wigvc|jk/ Vdi ejao mijvy|iw cm 

j `ccf wivvkieiovw wv|jvi`q aogkyfi liao` wdikvi|%kif> eykva%wigvc|jk+ |imkigvao` vdi

eykva%mjgivif gdj|jgvi| cm gcovitv> cxxc|vyoawvag pavd |i`j|f vc ka}ikadccf

x|cecvaco> gc`oarjov cm `iofi|+ io}a|coeiov+ kcgjk c|`joarjvacow jof wcgajk

|ikjvacow> v|jowavacojk+ lq kaonao` |ikaim jof fi}ikcxeiovjk gcogi|ow jof

jggcyovjlki vc kcgjk `c}i|oao` wv|ygvy|iw/^=/:U

 

=/: Wavi Xkjooao`

Fivi|eaoao` wavi ejv|at aw vc gdign pdjv xcwwalakavaiw jof x|clkiew ea`dv cggy| co

vdi wavi wikigvif mc| vdi viexc|j|q wivvkieiov/ Vdaw aogkyfiw gcowafi|jvaco cm 

gcowv|jaovw ao |ikjvaco vc myofao`+ kjof j}jakjlakavq jof kcgjk gjxjgavq+ jw pikk jw

vdi cxxc|vyoavq vc lyakf ljgn livvi| jof pavd vdi jlakavq vc pavdwvjof myvy|i

fawjwvi|w/ Vdi cyvxyv cm vdaw xdjwi wdcykf li j figawaco jw vc pdivdi| jof dcp vc

xj|vagaxjvi ao |igcowv|ygvaco gc`oarjov cm vdi gcovitv+ gjxjlakavaiw cm vdi

c|`joarjvaco jof j}jakjlakavq cm |iwcy|giw/

J Wavi ejv|at wdcykf dj}i j vqxagjk kjqcyv cm }j|acyw lkcgnw/ Vdaw dikxw ao }j|acyw

ejooi|w/ Mc| aowvjogi+ am vdi fixkcqeiov vijew j|i wyxxcwif vc wiv viexc|j|q waviw

jv fammi|iov xkjgiw vdio jmvi| wivvkao` coi c| vpc waviw+ vdi vijew pakk dj}i j

x|jgvagi jof i}io vdia| cpo pjq cm fixkcqeiov/ Jkwc+ vdi vqxagjk kjqcyv dikxw vdi

wyxxkqao` j`iogaiw jw vdi xcaov cm wyxxkaiw pakk li jv vdi wjei xkjgi co ijgd wavi/

M|ce |iwafiovw‑ xcaov cm }aip+ vdaw naof cm kjqcyv pcykf dikx vdie ao miikao`

mjeakaj| pavd vdi wavi/ Vdiwi lkcgnw j|i iwwiovajk xj|vw cm joq vqxi cm dyejo

wivvkieiov+ pdivdi| av aw j |imy`ii gjex c| j viexc|j|q wivvkieiov mc| fawjwvi|

jmmigvif xcxykjvaco/

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X j ` i { 18

Vdi wxjgiw wdcykf li wc g|ijvif vdjv j xi|wco+ pdc djw mjgif j ljf itxi|aiogi ao

vdi fawjwvi| jof ea`dv dj}i kcwv daw#di| mjeakq> pakk li jlki vc gjke fcpo/ Vdi

iwwiovajk vdao`w j dyejo liao` oiifw ao j fjakq kami wdcykf li x|c}afif co wavi/

Vdaw aogkyfiw fjakq oiifw wygd jw j wdikvi|+ wxjgiw vc aovi|jgv pavd cvdi|w+ pjvi|

mjgakavaiw mc| lcvd vc f|aon jof vc pjwd/ Vdaw jkwc aogkyfiw mip xkjgiw pdagd pakk

niix dae#di| gjke jof gcoviov wygd jw j wigy|avq oivpc|n pavdao jof cyvwafi vdi

wavi jof j xkjgi pdagd x|c}afiw xijgi cm eaof/

Vdaw iti|gawi djw liio fcoi ao vpc xdjwiw+ }ar/ Xdjwi : jof Xdjwi </ Ma|wv xdjwi

kccnif yxco vdi wxjgi ejoj`ieiov jof kcp lyf`ivj|q gcowv|jaovw/ Co vdi cvdi|

djof+ xdjwi < xaoxcaovif vdi wywvjaojlakavq awwyiw jof vdi wxjgi ejoj`ieiov pdagd

aw `cao` vc dikx Aexkieiovao` J`iogaiw vc x|c}afi j livvi| wckyvaco pavdao j

kaeavif vaeikaoi/

Vc wvj|v pavd+ j }i|q aexc|vjov lkcgn lyv pdagd `ivw a`oc|if jv vdi vaei cm 

iei|`iogq+ jo Ioi|`q wyxxkq yoav+ pjw gcowafi|if/ Vdi kawv piov co mckkcpao` vdi

vdcy`dv x|cgiww jof vdi fjvj `jvdi|if m|ce gjwi wvyfaiw/ Vdi maojk kawv aw jw

mckkcpw2%

:/  Ioi|`q wyxxkq xcaovw xi| gkywvi|/ $@ioi|jvc|+ Myik+ ivg/!

</  Vcakivw#Ljvd|ccew

7/  Pjvi| Wyxxkq $F|aon#Pjwd!

6/  Wdikvi|w

9/  @jvdi|ao`#Gceeco aovi|jgvaco wxjgi

=/  \i`awv|jvaco Giov|i A Fawv|alyvaco Giov|i A Wvc|iw

0/ 

Eifagjk Giov|i4/  Jfeaoawv|jvaco Lkcgn 

1/  Mccf x|ixj|jvaco jof fawv|alyvaco j|ij

:8/ Xijgi Mcyofjvaco

::/ Wigy|avq Xcwvw

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X j ` i { 1:

=/< Wavi Xkjooao` % Xdjwi Coi

Vdaw aw vdi ma|wv xdjwi cm wavi xkjooao`/ Vdi aogkywaco cm }i|q ljwag lkcgnw jof

wxjgiw `j}i jo afij cm ga|gykjvaco/ Mckkcpao` vdi x|i%fivi|eaoif kawv cm lkcgnw co

wavi jv vdi vaei cm iei|`iogq aw `cao` vc dikx vdi j`iogaiw jof vdi |iwafiovw+ vcc/Vdaw kawv ejq `iv gdjo`if c| itxjofif fixiofao` yxco vdi ojvy|i cm wavi j}jakjlki

jof vdi vcxc`|jxdq cm jmmigvif rcoi/

Vdaw aw mckkcpif lq vdi fivi|eaojvaco cm }j|acyw ga|gykjvaco faj`|jew jof vdi

xcwavacow cm ijgd lkcgn pavd |iwxigv vc vdi oia`dlc|ao` coiw/ Vdi pafvdw cm 

aovi|ojk |cjfw jof fawvjogiw livpiio vdi lkcgnw dj}i liio figafif lq mckkcpao`

vdi wvjofj|f fjvj j}jakjlki/ $Oiymi|v‑w Wvjofj|fw! Vdaw dikxif ao niixao` jkk cm vdi

lkcgnw pikk }iovakjvif/

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X j ` i { 1<

Ma`y|i =/: % Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Coi

=/</: Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Coi

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X j ` i { 17

Ma`y|i =/< % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| |i`awvi|if ywi|w

=/</< Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je cm x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w

Vdaw ejwvi| xkjo wdcpw vdi xjvd j ywi| pakk dj}i vc mckkcp vc `iv fammi|iov

fjakq vjwnw fcoi co wavi/ Vdaw xkjo wdcpw ec}ieiovw cm lcvd+ mjeakaiw jof

}ykoi|jlki `|cyxw/

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X j ` i { 16

=/</7 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je cm oip ywi|w

Vdaw ejwvi| xkjo wdcpw vdi xjvd+ j oip ywi| pakk dj}i vc mckkcp vc `iv |i`awv|jvaco

x|cgiww fcoi/ Pdaki av `ivw fcoi+ di#wdi pakk gcei vc nocp jlcyv vdi }j|acyw

lkcgnw fixkcqif co wavi pdagd pakk dikx ao `ivvao` mjeakaj| pavd vdi xkjgi/

Ma`y|i =/7 % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| oip iov|jovw

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X j ` i { 19

=/</6 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

Vdaw xkjo wdcpw vdi x|imi||if |cyviw vc li mckkcpif lq vdi wyxxkq j`iogaiw/ Vdi

gj|vw c| j }idagki pakk li iovi|ao` aovc vdi gkywvi| m|ce vdi iov|q x|c}afif jv vdi

ljgn pdagd dikxw j}cafao` fawvy|ljogi vc ecwv cm vdi |iwafiovajk rcoi/

Ma`y|i =/6 % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

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X j ` i { 1=

=/</9 Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq xcwvw

Vdaw xkjo wdcpw vdi x|imi||if |cyviw vc li mckkcpif lq vdi wyxxkq j`iogaiw/ Vdi

gj|vw c| j }idagki pakk li iovi|ao` aovc vdi gkywvi| m|ce vdi iov|q x|c}afif jv vdi

ljgn pdagd dikxw j}cafao` fawvy|ljogi vc ecwv cm vdi |iwafiovajk rcoi/

Ma`y|i =/9 % Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq xcwvw co wavi

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X j ` i { 10

=/7 Ga|gykjvaco Kjqcyv % Xdjwi Coi

X|i|i`awvi|if ywi|w j|i vdcwi pdc dj}i liio jkkcvvif j wxjgi vc ka}i ao iei|`iogq

wivvkieiov/ Vdiq gjo li cm joq `|cyx a/i/ |iwgyif mjeakaiw+ wioac| gavario+ wixj|jvif

pceio c| gdakf|io/ Vc `iv vdia| |cyvaoi pc|nw fcoi+ vdiq j|i wyxxcwif vc `c vcfammi|iov lkcgnw x|c}afif/ Diogi+ j ljwag `|af mc|ejv pjw mckkcpif/ Vdaw aw vc

iowy|i jo immagaiov pjq cm oj}a`jvao` vd|cy`d wxjgiw x|c}afif co wavi/ Jof+ jw vdi

ga|gykjvaco faj`|je pjw vc li fiwa`oif mc| jkk vdi `|cyxw eiovacoif jlc}i+ av djw

vc li waexki iocy`d vc j}caf gcomywaco jof gdjcw/

Wc+ vdi ga|gykjvaco faj`|jew+ jw wdcpo+ wvj|v m|ce vdi ejao iov|jogi pdagd djw

liio x|c}afif mc| gceeco ywi/ Vdaw vdio `ivw gcooigvif pavd vdi ejao j|vi|ajk

|cjfw pdagd j|i `cao` vcpj|fw }j|acyw lkcgnw/ Ma|wv aw vdi gceeco |iwafiovajk j|ij

pdi|i |iwgyif mjeakaiw+ pceio jof wixj|jvif gdakf|io pakk li x|c}afif pavd vdi

|iwxigva}i jecyov cm wxjgi/ Vdaw |iwafiovajk j|ij cxiow cyv vc jo jexki wxjgi

pdagd gjo li ywif lq vdiwi ywi|w mc| fammi|iov xy|xcwiw wygd jw jo aovi|jgva}i

`jvdi|ao` ao vdi i}ioao` vc wdj|i vdia| itxi|aiogiw/ Vdi kjof kimv mc| vdaw xy|xcwi

gjo jkwc li ywif mc| iei|`iogq itxjowaco fyi vc jmvi|wdcgnw c| cvdi| wygd

fawjwvi|w/

Jw j x|igjyvacoj|q eijwy|i mc| jmmigvif wioac| gavariow+ j wixj|jvi |iwafiovajk rcoi

djw liio x|c}afif/ Vdaw aw fcoi mckkcpao` vdi x|i}acyw itxi|aiogiw cm oi`ka`iogi

ao wygd wgioj|acw ao Bjxjo jof Gdaoj/ J eifagjk giov|i djw liio xkjgif ao m|cov cm 

vdi wjei lkcgn/ Vdaw ejniw vdi fawvjogi livpiio vdi vpc lkcgnw wdc|vi| jof co vdi

cvdi| wafi+ jfbyogvw vdi ma|wv |iwafiovajk j|ij/ Vdaw aw vc iowy|i vdjv vdi wioac|

gavariow j|i liao` v|ijvif pikk eifagjkkq jw pikk jw xwqgdckc`agjkkq/ Am j |iwafiov

m|ce ma|wv |iwafiovajk rcoi pjovw vc dikx joq wioac| gavario+ vdi x|ctaeavq cm vdi

vpc rcoiw pakk mjgakavjvi vdi aovi|jgvaco/ Vdi xkjgieiov cm vdaw lkcgn jkwc

eaoaeariw vdi fawvjogi m|ce kj}jvc|q j|ij/ Vdi wioac| gavario `|cyx pakk li

jkkcpif vc ywi vdi `jvi x|c}afif jv vdi |ij| wafi cm wavi/ Vdaw rcoi djw jkwc liio

x|c}afif pavd jo cxio wxjgi ao livpiio vpc lkcgnw/ Vdaw pakk li j zyaiv wxjgi pavd

kcp eclakavq rcoi/

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X j ` i { 14

Mckkcpao` j wqwvieag |i`awv|jvaco x|cgiww+ vdi jmmigvif xicxki pakk li io|ckkif jof

jkkcpif vc ka}i ao vdi gkywvi|/ Vdi x|cgiww ao}ck}iw vpc wvixw+ |i`awv|jvaco jof

djofao` c}i| vdi fcojvif c| wyxxkaif vdao`w wygd jw lif wdiivw+ lkjonivw+ ivg/

Vdiwi ejvi|ajkw j|i wyxxcwif vc li nixv ao j wjmi xkjgi vc j}caf vdimv/ Jof diogi+

vdi |i`awv|jvaco nacwnw+ fawv|alyvaco giov|i jof j wvc|i j|i nixv jfbjgiov vc ijgd

cvdi| ao rcoi wat/

Co wavi+ vdi |i`awv|jvaco x|cgiww gjo |iwykv aovc gkc``if ec}ieiov c| j gdjcvag

wavyjvaco ejq cggy|/ Niixao` vdaw ao eaof+ j|ij wat djw liio wy||cyofif lq vd|ii

wigy|avq xcwvw/ Jeco`wv vdie+ coi djw liio x|c}afif jv vdi |ij| iof cm wvc|i lkcgn/

Co vdi giov|jk xj|v cm wavi+ vdi mccf x|ixj|jvaco jof fawv|alyvaco j|ij djw liio

xkjgif/ Vdi ga|gykjvaco cm xicxki pdaki dj}ao` eijkw pakk li |iwv|agvif lq j

ljelcc eiwd x|c}afif co vdi giov|i kaoi cm vdi xijgi mcyofjvaco/ Vdaw j|ij aw nixv

gkcwi| vc lcvd |iwafiovajk rcoiw wc jw vc j}caf kco`i| fawvjogiw/ Vdaw rcoi aw xkjgif

jfbjgiov vc wafipjkk cm vdi wavi/ Vdaw iowy|iw j fa|igv wyxxkq cm pjvi| pdagd pakk li

|izya|if mc| gccnao` jof pjwdao` xy|xcwiw/ Vdaw dikxw ao eaoaearao` vdi pafvdw cm 

|cjfw jfbjgiov vc mccf x|ixj|jvaco j|ij jw wyxxkai|w pakk ocv dj}i vc iovi| vdaw wavi/

Liao` j ljwag |izya|ieiov+ kj}jvc|aiw j|i x|c}afif jv vdi iof cm wavi/ Vdi lkcgnw

j|i wc j||jo`if vdjv wixj|jvi wxjgiw dj}i liio x|c}afif mc| eio jof pceio/ J

wxjgi aw fa}afif aovc vpc xj|vw pavd vdi dikx cm pjvi| wvc|j`i yoav jv vdi giov|i/

Vdaw yoav pakk x|c}afi pjvi| mc| ljvdao` jof pjwdao` xy|xcwiw/ Pceio‑w j|ij djw

liio nixv jv vdi m|cov wc vdjv vdiq fc ocv dj}i vc `c vc vdi iof cm wavi/

J f|aonao` pjvi| wvc|j`i yoav aw xkjgif oij| vdi |iwafiovajk j|ij/ Vdi yoav aw nixv

oitv vc vdi ckfj`i |iwafiovajk j|ij/ Vdaw yoav pakk li x|c}afao` wjmi f|aonao` pjvi|

vc vdi |iwafiovw jof vdi jfeaoawv|jvaco wvjmm jkwc/

J wejkk xijgi mcyofjvaco gcex|awao` cm bywv j pdavi yoav nixv aowafi+ aw xkjgif

oij| vdi mccf fawv|alyvaco j|ij/ Vdi yoav pakk jgv jw j xkjgi vc pc|wdax/ Jw vdi xkjgi

pakk li makkif pavd xicxki m|ce fammi|iov |ika`acyw ljgn`|cyofw+ vdi xijgi

mcyofjvaco pakk ocv li dj}ao` joq wvjvyi c| xdcvc/ Vdi mcyofjvaco pakk li bywv jgjke jof wccvdao` xkjgi/ Ijgd gkywvi| pakk oiif j |i`ykj| wyxxkq cm mccf+ myik+

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X j ` i { 11

myofw jof fcojvif ejvi|ajkw wygd jw lkjonivw+ eifagaoiw+ ivg/ Vdaw wyxxkq gdjao lq

fammi|iov j`iogaiw pakk li |iwv|agvif vc iovi| vdi wavi m|ce vdi |ij| `jvi cokq/ Vdaw

|iwv|agvaco aw vc niix ocawi jof gco`iwvaco yofi| gcov|ck/ Vdaw |cyvi pakk eaoaeari

vdi v|j}ikkao` fawvjogi cm }idagkiw jof pakk niix ecwv cm vdi j|ij cm wavi xckkyvaco

m|ii/ Vdi ioi|`q wyxxkq yoav djw liio x|c}afif jv vdi itv|iei iof cm vdi wavi/ Av

pakk li |iwxcowalki mc| vdi wyxxkq cm ikigv|agavq vc ijgd |izya|if xcaov/ Vdaw pakk

jkwc dj}i j wvc|j`i wxjgi mc| myik pdagd aw j xj|v cm mccf x|ixj|jvaco ao}iovc|q/

Vdi kcgjvaco cm vdaw yoav iowy|iw wjmivq m|ce ma|i djrj|fw/

Mc| vdi liwv xi|mc|ejogi cm ijgd gkywvi|+ mcy| wigy|avq xcwvw j|i x|c}afif/ Ijgd

xcwv djw avw cpo j|ij cm |iwxcowalakavq/ Vdiwi xcwvw pakk li ecoavc|ao` j weccvd

mkcp cm jgva}avaiw co wavi jof gjo jkwc `yafi vdi oip ywi|w/

=/6 Wavi Xkjooao` % Xdjwi Vpc

Gcov|jfagvao` vdi x|i%fimaoif wckyvaco gceiw cyv pavd wcei yomc|iwiio

ga|gyewvjogiw/ Vdiwi ga|gyewvjogiw j|i eywv vc li |iwck}if limc|i vdi wckyvaco

`ivw fixkcqif mc| vdi ywi|w/ Diogi+ avi|jvao` vdi ga|gykjvaco ejx m|ce ma|wv xdjwi

ioga|gkif wcei cm vdi xcwwalakavaiw pdagd ejq djexi| vdi xi|mc|ejogi cm gkywvi|w/

Ma`y|i =/= % Avi|jvao` Ejwvi| Xkjo cm Xdjwi Coi

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X j ` i { :88

Vdi x|clkiew pdagd ejq cggy| ao mckkcpao` vdi ma|wv wckyvaco jof jo immagaiov

wckyvaco mc| vdi wjei j|i fawgywwif likcp/

j!  Vdi ma|wv ejwvi| xkjo djw vpc |iwafiovajk rcoiw gcex|awao` cm jkk vdi `|cyxw+

}ar/ mjeakaiw+ ikfi|kq+ wixj|jvif pceio jof gdakf|io/ Lyv+ niixao` wixj|jvif

pceio jof gdakf|io ao vdi gco`kcei|jvif rcoi ejq |iwykv aovc }ackiogi j`jaowv

vdie/ Pceio jof gdakf|io j|i jv da`d |awn cm xdqwagjk jlywi jof itxkcavjvaco+

ao xj|vagykj| wityjk }ackiogi+ ao vdi gcovitv cm vdi dyejoavj|ajo g|awaw/

C}i|g|cpfao` jof vdi kjqcyv cm wivvkieiovw aog|ijwi vdi |awn cm wityjk

}ackiogi/ Ejoq gjexw kjgn jfizyjvi dq`aioi jof wjoavjvaco mjgakavaiw vc jkkcp

pceio jof `a|kw x|a}jgq/ Kjgn cm ka`dvao` jkwc ejniw pceio jof `a|kw

}ykoi|jlki vc jwwjykv jof }ackiogi jv oa`dv/

—J pceio‑w `|jww|ccvw c|`joarjvaco fijkao` pavd vdi eifagjk jof

xwqgdckc`agjk oiifw cm |jxi }agvaew |ixc|vif :1 gjwiw cm |jxi ao cokq coi wejkk

wigvaco cm vdi la` ejniwdamv gjex kcgjvif ao Gdjex%fi%Ej|w/ Vdi|i aw j

`ioi|jk miikao` cm aowigy|avq aowafi jof j|cyof vdi gjexw+ xj|vagykj|kq jv oa`dv/

Pceio jof `a|kw ka}ao` ao ejniwdamv wdikvi|w miik }ykoi|jlki jof j|i jm|jaf cm 

jvvjgnw/‑^=/<U

 

Wc+ vdi|i aw j oiif cm wi`|i`jvao` pceio jof gdakf|io m|ce vdi |iwafiovajk j|ij

jkkcvvif vc vdi mjeakaiw/ Diogi+ vdaw |iwykvw aovc wdamvao` j lkcgn m|ce ma|wv

|iwafiovajk j|ij vc vdi |iwafiovajk j|ij cm ckfj`i xicxki/ Vdaw i}iovyjkkq

gco}i|vw vdi kjvvi| coi aovc j rcoi mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyx/

l! 

Vdi wjei aogafiogi eiovacoif jlc}i kijfw vcpj|fw vdi gdjo`i ao fiwa`o cm kj}jvc|aiw jof vdia| |iwxigva}i kcgjvacow/ Diogi+ ma|wv+ vdi kcgjvacow cm kj}jvc|aiw

x|c}afif mc| eio jof pceio dj}i vc li aovi|gdjo`if/ Jof+ vdi pjvi| wyxxkq

yoav pakk li fa}afif aovc djk}iw vc li nixv wixj|jvikq mc| eio jof pceio/

Niixao` pceio‑w kj}jvc|aiw co vdi gc|oi| pakk `iv vdie gkcwi| vc vdi gdign 

xcwv/ Vdaw pakk iowy|i fammi|iov |cyviw vc li mckkcpif lq wixj|jvi `|cyxw/ Vdi

pceio‑w wigvaco pakk li wy||cyofif lq wao`ki l|agn pjkkw cm wi}io miiv dia`dv/

Vdaw pakk wy|ikq lkcgn vdi }awaco m|ce joq xcaov co wavi/

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X j ` i { :8:

Ocp+ vdi wavi djw avw ioi|`q wyxxkq yoav jfbjgiov vc vdi oipkq wdamvif pjvi|

wyxxkq yoav x|c}afif mc| vdi eio‑w kj}jvc|aiw/ Vdaw gdjo`i x|c}afif j wjmivq

wckyvaco mc| jo yowiio x|clkie/ Vdi ioi|`q wyxxkq yoav djw `ioi|jvc| jof myik

wvc|if aowafi/ Yomc|iwiio ga|gyewvjogiw+ wygd jw jmvi|wdcgnw+ gjo |iwykv aovc jo

jggafiov/ Diogi+ pjvi| wyxxkq yoav x|c}afif mc| vdi eio‑w kj}jvc|aiw pakk li

jgvao` jw j wjmivq eijwy|i co wavi/

g!  Ao vdi ma|wv xdjwi+ vdi eifagjk giov|i djf mccf x|ixj|jvaco jof fawv|alyvaco

lkcgn+ jof |iwafiovajk j|ij mc| cvdi|w+ jw avw oia`dlc|ao` lkcgnw/ Vdi vpc

eiovacoif lkcgnw j|i wyxxcwif vc g|ijvi ocawi jof iwxigajkkq+ mccf j|ioj pakk

li j g|cpfif rcoi mc| jlcyv ia`dv dcy|w ao j fjq $L|ijnmjwv+ Kyogd jof

Faooi|!/ Vdaw |iaomc|giw j oiif cm wdamvao` eifagjk giov|i vc j zyaivi| wxjgi

pdi|i vdi xjvaiovw jfeavvif pakk dj}i j gjke io}a|coeiov/ Lyv+ jw vdi|i j|i

gcowv|jaovw yxco j|ij cm wavi jwwyeif+ vdi eifagjk giov|i pakk li wdamvif ao

m|cov cm vdi oipkq mc|eif }ykoi|jlki `|cyx‑w |iwafiovajk j|ij/ Vdaw xcwavaco

ei|ikq aog|ijwiw vdi fawvjogi livpiio vdi ma|wv |iwafiovajk j|ij jof vdi eifagjk

giov|i/ Vdaw aw mckkcpif lq |if|jmvao` vdi cxio wxjgi pdagd pakk jgv jw j lymmi|

rcoi mc| eifagjk giov|i/ Vdi x|cgiww `a}iw j — ‑ $|cy`dkq R! wdjxif j|ij pdagd

pakk li jgvao` jw jo cxio wxjgi mc| vdi |iwafiovw co wavi jw wdcpo ao Ma`/ =/=/

Vdaw xkjgieiov cm eifagjk giov|i jof cxio wxjgi djw wdamvif vdi mccf

x|ixj|jvaco jof fawv|alyvaco j|ij jv vdi |a`dv wafi cm vdi wavi/ Lyv+ vdaw djw ocv

djexi|if vdi myogvacoao` cm vdi wxjgi ligjywi wvakk vdaw lkcgn pakk li jvvjgdif

vc vdi wafipjkk pdagd iowy|iw fa|igv pjvi| wyxxkq/ Gcowizyiovkq+ ga|gykjvaco cm 

xicxki pdaki dj}ao` eijkw pakk j`jao li |iwv|agvif lq j xj|vavaco co vdi giov|i

kaoi cm vdi fawv|alyvaco gcyovi|/

Vdi xijgi mcyofjvaco pakk li wdamvif lidaof vdi eifagjk giov|i pdi|i av pakk li

dj}ao` j zyaivi| wy||cyofao`/ Vdi cxio wxjgi diogi g|ijvif pakk li j xj|v cm 

|iwafiovajk j|ij fiwa`oif mc| mjeakaiw/ Vdaw j|ij gjo wvakk li ywif mc| vdi

itxjowaco cm wivvkieiov/

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X j ` i { :8<

Diogi+ vdi ga|gykjvaco ejxw cm xdjwi vpc mckkcpao` vdi immagaiov wckyvacow fi|a}if

m|ce vdi avi|jvaco x|cgiww j|i f|jmvif/ Ijgd ejx aw vdio j||jo`if jw xi| vdi

gcogkywacow m|ce vdaw x|cgiww/

Mc| xdjwi vpc+ mip ec|i gcowafi|jvacow pi|i ejfi wygd jw fivi|eaoao` j|ijw

fixiofao` yxco vdi ocawi liao` x|cfygif+ ga|gykjvaco cm vdi ywi|w m|ce }ykoi|jlki

`|cyx jof j faj`|je aovi|x|ivao` vdi oip iov|jov‑w }awaco gcoi pdio di#wdi iovi|w

vdi wavi/

Vdi ga|gykjvaco ejxw pdagd j|i vc li mckkcpif co wavi j|i jw mckkcpw2 %

:/  Ejwvi| Xkjo % Xdjwi Vpc

</  Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w

7/  Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| oip ywi|w

6/  Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw

9/  Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

=/  Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq gdign xcwvw

0/  Ocawq#Zyaiv J|ijw

4/  Wavi Jgcywvagw Wgioj|ac

1/   Oip iov|jov‑w }awaco 

Vdiwi ejxw pakk li jgvao` jw `yafikaoiw mc| vdi j`iogaiw pdagd j|i jxxcaovif jw

vdi |idjlakavjvaco vijew co vdi wavi cm iei|`iogq/ Vdi ejxw pakk dikx vdie vc xkcv

vdi ga|gykjvaco co wyavjlki waviw/ Vdi j|ij cm wavi pakk li fa|igvkq jmmigvao` vdi

oyeli| cm lkcgnw vc li fixkcqif/ Jw vdi yoavw pakk li mkitalki iocy`d vc itxjof jw

xi| |izya|ieiov+ ec|i ywi|w gjo li io|ckkif mc| vdi wjei gkywvi|/

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X j ` i { :87

=/6/: Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Vpc

Ma`y|i =/0 % Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Vpc

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X j ` i { :86

=/6/< Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w

Ma`y|i =/4 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w

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X j ` i { :89

=/6/7 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| oip ywi|w

Ma`y|i =/1 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| oip ywi|w

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X j ` i { :8=

=/6/6 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw

Ma`y|i =/:8 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw

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X j ` i { :80

=/6/9 Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

Ma`y|i =/:: % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

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X j ` i { :84

=/6/= Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq gdign xcwvw

Ma`y|i =/:< % Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq xcwvw

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X j ` i { :81

=/6/0 Ocawq # Zyaiv J|ijw

Ma`y|i =/:7 % Jkkcgjvaco cm ocawq#zyaiv j|ijw co wavi

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X j ` i { ::8

=/6/4 Wavi Jgcywvagw Wgioj|ac

Vdaw akkywv|jvaco wdcpw vdi aoviowavq cm wcyof liao` x|cfygif lq }j|acyw wcy|giw

jfbcaoao` vdi wavi/ Diogi+ vc j}caf wygd x|clkie pdagd ejq fawvy|l |iwafiovw+

vdi wioac| gavariow‑ wdikvi|w jof vdi eifagjk giovi| dj}i liio xkjgif jv vdi gc|i

j|ij cm wavi/

Ma`y|i =/:6 % Wavi Jgcywvagw Wgioj|ac

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7/: % dvvx2##ppp/`ybj|jvxkyw/gce#oipw#j|gda}iw#j|g46/dvek

7/< % dvvx2##io/panaxifaj/c|`#pana#McgywS`|cyx'Lioimavw

7/7 % dvvx2##ppp/ndjfaewzyivvj/gce#3x5741

7/6 % dvvx2##ppp/wdikvi|x|cbigv/c|`#fcpokcjfw#ejomaikf:/xfm 

7/9 % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#9==#`jkki|q#7049

7/= % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#=6#`jkki|q#:970

7/0 % dvvx2##ppp/vy}ai/gce#wij|gd#fawjwvi|.wdikvi|

7/4 % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#98<#`jkki|q

7/1 % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#4=1#`jkki|q

7/:8 % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#79<#`jkki|q

7/:: % dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#gcexivavacow#0#iov|aiw#40:#`jkki|q

9/: % dvvx2##io/panaxifaj/c|`#pana#L|jawvc|eao`

9/< % dvvx2##ppp/eaofvcckw/gce#xj`iw#j|vagki#oipVEGS4=/dve

9/7 % X|cfygv Fiwa`o % G|ijva}avq+ Gcogixvw jof Ywi|w $Xj|v <! % X|cm/ X/ Nyej|

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Xj`i { :76

9/6 % X|cfygv Fiwa`o % G|ijva}avq+ Gcogixvw jof Ywi|w $Xj|v <! % X|cm/ X/ Nyej|

9/9 % dvvx2##ppp/fcloiq/gce#Gcobcaov#gcobcaovSfiwa`o/dve

=/: % dvvx2##ppp/ywjaf/`c}#

=/< % dvvx2##ppp/jeoiwvq/c|`#io#oipw%jof%yxfjviw#

Kawv cm Vjlkiw

Vjlki :/: % Ojvy|jk Fawjwvi|w cggy||if ao |iwxigva}i gcyov|aiw

Vjlki :/< % Cggy||iogi cm Ojvy|jk Fawjwvi|w ao <886 jof <889 pc|kfpafi

Vjlki :/7 % X|cxcwif Eivdcfckc`q mc| vdi x|cbigv

Vjlki 7/: % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi :

Vjlki 7/< % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi <

Vjlki 7/7 % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi 7

Vjlki 7/6 % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi 6

Vjlki 7/9 % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi 9

Vjlki 7/= % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi =

Vjlki 7/0 % Lioimavw jof fawjf}jovj`iw cm Gjwi 0

Vjlki 9/: % Jvv|alyviw jojkqwaw $Xj|v :!

Vjlki 9/< % Jvv|alyviw jojkqwaw $Xj|v <!

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Xj`i { :79

Kawv cm Xkjviw

Xkjvi : % Afijvaco wnivgdiw mc| gcogixv coi

Xkjvi < % Gjf F|jpao`w :

Xkjvi 7 % Gjf F|jpao`w <

Xkjvi 6 % Gjf F|jpao`w 7

Xkjvi 9 % Gjf F|jpao`w 6

Xkjvi = % Gjf F|jpao`w 9

Xkjvi 0 % Afijvaco wnivgdiw mc| gcogixv vpc

Xkjvi 4 % Gjf F|jpao`w :

Xkjvi 1 % Gjf F|jpao`w <

Xkjvi :8 % Gjf F|jpao`w 7

Xkjvi :: % Afijvaco wnivgdiw mc| gcogixv vd|ii

Xkjvi :< % Gjf F|jpao`w :

Xkjvi :7 % Gjf F|jpao`w <

Xkjvi :6 % Gjf F|jpao`w 7

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Xj`i { :7=

Kawv cm Ma`y|iw

Ma`y|i </: % Wvj`iw cm j Wdikvi| Yx`|jfjvaco

Ma`y|i 7/: % X|ac|avaiw pdaki fawv|alyvao` wdikvi|w

Ma`y|i 7/< % \iwxigva}i gcofavacow cm Ldyb jmvi| fawjwvi|

Ma`y|i 7/7 % Fiwa`o aowa`dvw cm vdi wdikvi|w fixkcqif jmvi| fawjwvi| jv Ldyb

Ma`y|i 7/6 % \iwxigva}i gcofavacow cm Raj|jv jmvi| fawjwvi|

Ma`y|i 7/9 % Fiwa`o aowa`dvw cm vdi wdikvi|w fixkcqif jmvi| fawjwvi| jv Raj|jv

Ma`y|i 7/= % —Gj|v jof Lif‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#! 

Ma`y|i 7/0 % —Kaej‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#!

Ma`y|i 7/4 % —Dj}io‑ $dvvx2##ppp/vy}ai/gce#!

Ma`y|i 7/1 % —Ecfykj| Wdikvi|‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#!

Ma`y|i 7/:8 % —T Lct‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#!

Ma`y|i 7/:: % —Viexc|j|q Wdikvi|‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#!

Ma`y|i 7/:< % —\ynjo‑ $dvvx2##ppp/fiwa`o<:wfo/gce#! 

Ma`y|i 9/: % X|cfygao` gceeco vdieiw m|ce j kj|`i jecyov cm aomc|ejvaco

Ma`y|i 9/< % Jmmaoavq Lcj|f :

Ma`y|i 9/7 % Jmmaoavq Lcj|f <

Ma`y|i 9/6 % Wxjgi |izya|if mc| v|jowxc|vjvaco

Ma`y|i 9/9 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % M|cov Iki}jvaco

Ma`y|i 9/= % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % \a`dv Wafi Iki}jvaco

Ma`y|i 9/0 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Kimv Wafi Iki}jvaco

Ma`y|i 9/4 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Vcx ]aip $Cxio!

Ma`y|i 9/1 % X|cvcvqxi jwwielkif co j fyeeq wavi % Aovi|ac| ]aip $Cxio!

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Xj`i { :70

Ma`y|i 9/:8 % Xcwavaco cm xkjvmc|e co kimv pjkk

Ma`y|i 9/:: % Xkjvmc|e liao` ywif

Ma`y|i 9/:< % Iov|jogi aovc itviofif wvc|i |cce

Ma`y|i 9/:7 % \iwxigva}i xcwavacow cm Paofcpw jof ]iovakjvc|w

Ma`y|i 9/:6 % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i :!

Ma`y|i 9/:9 % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i <!

Ma`y|i 9/:= % Aowv|ygvaco Ejoyjk $Xj`i 7!

Ma`y|i =/: % Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Coi

Ma`y|i =/< % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| |i`awvi|if ywi|w

Ma`y|i =/7 % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| oip iov|jovw

Ma`y|i =/6 % Ga|gykjvaco Faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

Ma`y|i =/9 % Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq xcwvw co wavi

Ma`y|i =/= % Avi|jvao` Ejwvi| Xkjo cm Xdjwi Coi

Ma`y|i =/0 % Ejwvi| Xkjo mc| Xdjwi Vpc

Ma`y|i =/4 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| x|i%|i`awvi|if ywi|w

Ma`y|i =/1 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| oip ywi|w

Ma`y|i =/:8 % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| }ykoi|jlki `|cyxw

Ma`y|i =/:: % Ga|gykjvaco faj`|je mc| wyxxkq j`iogaiw

Ma`y|i =/:< % Xcwavacow cm wigy|avq gdign xcwvw

Ma`y|i =/:7 % Jkkcgjvaco cm Ocawq#Zyaiv j|ijw

Ma`y|i =/:6 % Wavi Jgcywvagw Wgioj|ac

Ma`y|i =/:9 % Oip Iov|jov‑w ]awaco 

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gcovitv+ vdjv dj}i liio ywif m|izyiovkq ao vdaw |ixc|v/

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kami jof fivi|ac|jvaco ao dijkvd jof dijkvd wi|}agiw co j wgjki

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xdioceioco pdagd gjo aomkagv fjej`i vc kami jof x|cxi|vq

lq gjywao` j fawjwvi|/ Djrj|f aw j vd|ijv pdaki fawjwvi| aw jo

i}iov/

7/ ]ykoi|jlakavq Av |imi|w vc vdi itviov vc pdagd jo aofa}afyjk+ c| j `|cyx cm 

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fa|igv jof x|aogaxjk gjywiw mc| ojvy|jk fawjwvi|w j|i vdi

mc|giw cm ojvy|i/

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Xj`i { :71

9/ Fawjwvi| Eava`jvaco Av aogkyfiw xckagaiw jof jgvacow yofi|vjnio jv j vaei fawvjov

m|ce $a/i/+ eygd limc|i vdi cggy||iogi cm! jo jgvyjk fawjwvi|

wavyjvaco+ ao c|fi| vc x|i}iov c| |ifygi vdi aexjgv cm vdifawjwvi|/

=/ Fawjwvi|

X|ixj|ifoiww

Av aogkyfiw vdi wvixw jof eijwy|iw vdjv wdcykf li

yofi|vjnio ao vdi aeeifajvi vaei xi|acf limc|i vdi

cggy||iogi cm j fawjwvi| ao j xj|vagykj| kcgjkavq+ a/i/+ pdio vdi

x|cljlakavq cm j fawjwvi| ao vdi kcgjkavq ao vdi aeeifajvi

myvy|i aw }i|q da`d/ Itjexkiw cm fawjwvi| x|ixj|ifoiww

eijwy|iw pcykf li vdi awwyjogi cm pj|oao`w+ i}jgyjvaco cm 

xicxki vc wjmi| j|ijw+ ivg/

0/ Fawjwvi| \iwxcowi Av gjo l|cjfkq |imi| vc vdi |iwgyi jof |ikaim eijwy|iw

yofi|vjnio ao vdi jmmigvif j|ij jmvi| j fawjwvi| djw wv|ygn/

Wygd eijwy|iw j|i aoviofif vc gcxi pavd vdi gcowizyiogiw

cm j fawjwvi| lq c|`joarao` vaeikq jof immigva}i |iwgyi

cxi|jvacow+ x|c}awaco cm |ikaim jof jxx|cx|ajvi xcwv%fawjwvi|

jwwawvjogi vc vdi jmmigvif xicxki/

4/ Fawjwvi|

Ejoj`ieiov

Av gcex|awiw jkk jwxigvw cm x|i%fawjwvi| jof xcwv%fawjwvi|

jgva}avaiw/ Vdyw+ av gc}i|w vdi xckagq%ejnao`#xkjooao` x|cgiww

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ao vdi aeeifajvi vaei xi|acf limc|i j fawjwvi| wv|aniw+ jw

jkwc vdi |iwxcowi cm vdi wvjvi jof vdi jmmigvif gceeyoavq vc

vdi cggy||iogi jof gcowizyiogiw cm j fawjwvi|/

1/ F|cy`dv F|cy`dv+ ao Aofaj+ aw `ioi|jkkq gcowafi|if vc li cggy||ao`

pdio vdi x|aogaxjk ecowcco+ a/i/ Wcyvd%Piwv Ecowcco mc|

vdcwi xj|vw pdagd j|i fixiofiov co Wcyvd%Piwv Ecowcco

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Xj`i { :68

jof Oc|vd%Ijwv Ecowcco mc| j|ijw fixiofiov co Oc|vd%Ijwv

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yofyi dj|fwdax vc vdi |y|jk jof y|ljo gceeyoavq/ Vdi|i awoc x|c}awaco mc| figkj|jvaco cm f|cy`dv lq @c}i|oeiov cm 

Aofaj/ F|cy`dv aw figkj|if mc| ijgd Wvjvi c| xj|v cm vdi Wvjvi

lq vdi Wvjvi @c}i|oeiovw yofi| vdi \ikaim Ejoyjkw c|

waeakj| fcgyeiovw cm vdi Wvjvi @c}i|oeiovw/

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vc vdi mkccfxkjao ocv oc|ejkkq gc}i|if lq pjvi|/ Jggc|fao`

vc pjvi| lcfaiw+ vdi mkccfw j|i gkjwwamaif jw |a}i| mkccfw+ kjni

mkccfw+ |iwi|}ca| mkccfw+ co wijgcjwv mkccfw+ mkccfw ao eaoiw+

ivg/ Mkccfw gjywi kj|`i%wgjki kcww cm x|cxi|vq+ ka}iw+ g|cxw+

jof faw|yxv kjof%vc%kjof gceeyoagjvaco/

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m|ce yofi|`|cyof ec}ieiov jkco` j mjykv xkjoi c| m|ce

}ckgjoag jgva}avq/ Ij|vdzyjniw j|i gcowafi|if vc li coi cm 

vdi pc|wv ojvy|jk djrj|fw pdagd cmvio vy|o aovc fawjwvi|

gjywao` pafiwx|ijf fiwv|ygvaco jof kcww vc dyejo ka}iw/

:</ Gqgkcoi J gqgkcoi aw jo j|ij cm kcp x|iwwy|i j|cyof pdagd vdi paofw

mkcp gcyovi|gkcgnpawi ao vdi Oc|vdi|o Dieawxdi|i jof

gkcgnpawi ao vdi Wcyvdi|o Dieawxdi|i/ Vdi gqgkcoi aw

jggcexjoaif lq xcpi|myk vdyofi|wvc|ew/ Ecwv fjej`i

m|ce gqgkcoiw aw gjywif lq vdi wv|co` paofw+ vc||iovajk |jao

jof da`d wvc|e vafiw/ Mkccfw `ioi|jvif lq gqgkcoag |jaomjkk

j|i ec|i fiwv|ygva}i vdjo vdi paofw/

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Xj`i { :6:

:=/ Kjofwkafi J kjofwkafi aw vdi |jxaf wkafao` cm kj|`i ejwwiw cm lif|cgnw/

Pdioi}i| ecyovjao wkcxiw j|i wviix vdi|i aw j xcwwalakavq cm 

kj|`i fawjwv|cyw kjofwkafi/ Ij|vdzyjniw c| wyffio |cgn

mjaky|iw v|a``i| kjofwkafiw/

:0/ Vwyojea Coi c| j wi|aiw cm dy`i wij pj}iw x|cfygif lq j wyl%ej|aoi

ij|vdzyjni+ kjofwkafi+ c| }ckgjoag i|yxvaco/ Vdiwi pj}iw

ejq |ijgd ioc|ecyw faeiowacow jof dj}i wymmagaiov ioi|`q

vc v|j}ik jg|cww iova|i cgijow/ Vwyojeaw wdcykf ocv li

gcomywif pavd vafjk pj}iw+ jw vdiq dj}i ocvdao` vc fc pavd

vafiw/ Vdi pc|f vwyojea aw cm Bjxjoiwi c|a`ao+ eijoao`

—dj|lc| pj}i‑/