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8/3/2019 Master Gardeners Invasives Hybrid
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Learn how to identifyLearn how to identify common invasivecommon invasive plantplant speciesspecies Learn how to identify and report EDRR speciesLearn how to identify and report EDRR species Learn characteristics of invasive plant speciesLearn characteristics of invasive plant species Learn plantLearn plant removal/controlremoval/control strategiesstrategies Learn about additionalLearn about additional resourcesresources
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Non-Native - "Exotic","alien", and "non-indigenous" to a region
I
nvasive those that spread into areas where they
are not native & are ecosystem altering Ecosystem Altering those that replace native
vegetation greatly changing the character ofecosystems, affecting wildlife, water quality, etc.
Noxious regulatory designation; species orgroups of species that have been legally designatedas serious invasives, injurious to agricultural and/orhorticultural crops, natural habitats and/or
ecosystems, and/or humans or livestock.
AA weedweed is generally defined as a plant growing where youis generally defined as a plant growing where youdont want it todont want it to
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Rapid growth and maturity
Prolific seed production
Highly successful seed dispersal, germinationand colonization
Rampant vegetative growth
Ability to out-compete native species
High cost and effort to remove or control
Some allelopathic chemically change soil
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Oregon (38%)
North Dakota (85%)California (45%)Utah (43%)
Washington (42%)
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AcresInfested
Preventionor
Eradicationsimple
(save $$)
Local control andmanagement only
(Expensive)
Con
trolCosts
Time
Introduction
Detection: focus resources here
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HumansHumans
PetsPets
WildlifeWildlife WaterWater
WindWind
VehiclesVehicles
MachineryMachinery WildflowerWildflower mixesmixes
We plant themWe plant them
Soil disturbanceSoil disturbance
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Early detection and rapid response is the most low-impact andcost-effective way to address the problem invasive plants,
short of preventing the problem in the first place.
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Class A EDRR-top priority;Class B wide spread
Class T Target Weeds
Local EDRR programs direct most control efforts.
Class A Weeds Class B Weeds
Images courtesy of Tim
Butler, Oregon Dept. ofA riculture
Photo by Eric Coombs,
Oregon Department ofA riculture
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SilverFalse Brome, Pokeweed, Garlic Mustard, Spurge laurel, ButterflyBush, Yellow Flag Iris, Purple Loosestrife, Knotweed, TravelersJoy, Scots Broom, Ivy, Giant Hogweed, Himalayan Blackberry,
Gorse, Meadow Hawkweed, Pampas/jubata grass, Spotted andDiffuse Knapweed, Policemans Helmet
GoldShining and Robert Geranium, Hedge Bindweed, Lesser
Celandine, Scots Brome, Evergreen blackberry, Norway Maple*,Tree-of-heaven*, English Holly* (*Large trees exempt for gold butnot for Platinum level), Yellow Archangel, Purple Star Thistle
PlatinumSpatulaleaf Loosestrife, Large and Small-leaf Periwinkle, Fennel,Reed Canarygrass, Creeping buttercup.
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Buy clean seed/birdfeed; donBuy clean seed/birdfeed; dont plant weeds!t plant weeds!
Clean yard equipment after working on weedyClean yard equipment after working on weedy
sitessites Dont invite weedsDont invite weeds amend and plant disturbedamend and plant disturbed
areas quicklyareas quickly
Use mulch materialsUse mulch materials
or weed matsor weed mats
Pull weeds earlyPull weeds earlybefore they go to seed!before they go to seed!
Be cautious at garden swapsBe cautious at garden swaps
Research exotic ornamentalsResearch exotic ornamentals
Prevention is the most effective practice of all!
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Annuals - Plants that perform their entire life cycle from seed toflower to seed within a single growing season. All roots, stems andleaves of the plant die annually. Only the dormant seed bridges thegap between one generation and the next.
Biennials - Plants which require two years to complete their lifecycle. First season growth results in a small rosette of leaves nearthe soil surface. During the second season's growth stemelongation, flowering and seed formation occur followed by theentire plant's death.
Perennials - Plants that persist for many growing seasons. Vegetative Reproduction - Vegetative reproduction is a form of
asexual reproduction in plants. It does not involve flowers,pollination and seed production. Instead, a new plant grows from avegetative part, usually a stem, of the parent plant.
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Mechanical Mowing, hand pulling, cutting, burning
Cultural Shading, plant appropriate competitive
vegetation
Biological Parasites, predators, and pathogens;
typically a slow processChemical Spraying, painting, usually most effective in
fall; FOLLOW THE LABEL
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WMSWCD recommends utilizing a licenced contractor. If utilizing over-the-counter products read and follow the
label carefully! Understand toxicity:
Grow SmartGrow Safehttp://www.oregonmetro.gov/index.cfm/go/by.web/id=24199/level=1
MSDS Safety Sheets http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/
Understand the herbicide your using (& its surfactants) andthe best time to apply!
Watch the weather before you apply herbicide (wind &precipatation).
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Five leaflets
Deciduous to partially
evergreen
Spread by seeds,
rhizome,tips
Images: www.kingcounty.g
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Woody shrub to 10 ft tall
Showy, yellow flowers
Small leaves
Ridged bark
Seeds in pods that burst and
scatter
Image: www.kingcounty.gov
Image: Eric Coombs,ODA .
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Up to 15 ft tall, deciduous
Very Pretty pink, violet, or blue
flower spikes
Leaves velvety, lance-shaped,
gray-green
Image: Tom Forney,ODA
Image: OSU
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Deciduous shrub or small
tree to 15 ft tall with
smooth, pale gray bark
Leaves are 3-lobed, flowersare white and showy, dark
red berries
Stout thorns up to 1 inch!
Image:
KingCounty
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Tall tree to 80 ft with
smooth gray bark and
large compound leaves
Leaves are comprised
of 11-41 leaflets/leaf
Flowers are yellow-
pink borne in clusters,
developing into dry,
reddish-brown fruits.
Fruits are papery-
winged w/ a single seed
in center.
Allelopathic Paul Wray, Iowa StateUniversity
Chuck Bargeron,The University ofGeorgia
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, InvasivePlant Atlas of New England,University of Connecticut
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Biennial forb
Allelopathic
Most abundant in
Oregon in our area
Spread by people,
animals, equipment
Nate Woodward
Chris Evans, River to
River CWMA,Bugwood.org
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March of 1st yearthrough March of 2nd
year1 6 tall
Flowers mid-AprilFull height
Up to 4 ft tall
Late March toEarly April in
Second Year thePlant Bolts
Seed pods byMid-May
Dry stalks by July
Nate Woodward
Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.orgLeslie J. Mehrhoff,University of Connecticut,Bugwood.org
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Shiny, round, obtusely lobed leaves
that turn red toward the end of
summer.
Leaves have
waxy sheen
Tiny
pink-purpleflowers
Red stems
Flowers from spring until late July.
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Deeply dissectedleaves that turn
red in the fall
Emits odor whencrushed
Sticky feel
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Perennial forb
Several species
Spreads very quickly in
rivers, streams
Very, very hard to killSteve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
Barbara Tokarska-Guzik, University of Silesia, Bugwood.orgMark Folsom, Bugwood.org
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Japanese
P. cuspidatum
King CountyClallam Co, WA
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1 to 4+ ft tall
Sword-like
leaves, spongy
midrib
Leaves in a fan-
like, overlappingarrangement.
3-sided, shiny
green fruit Blooms late
spring/earlySummer
Nancy Loewenstein,
Auburn University,Bugwood.org
Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.or
Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California - Davis,Bugwood.org
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Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
(Check out Oaks Bottom or Sauvie Island for real live specimens!)
Sauvie Island
Loosestrife family (Lythraceae)*Native to Eurasia
Stems
square 4 sided
Leaves lance shaped,stalkless and opposite or
whorledFlowers July Sept. 5-7
Petals
California Dept. ofFood & Agriculture
Ohio State Weed Lab ArchiveThe Ohio State University,Bugwood.org
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LOOK FOR: Dark green, shiny leaves Yellow flowers with eight
petals Pale colored blublets on
stem WHEN
March throughMay WHERE
It typically grows on moistforested floodplains, insome drier upland areas,and seems to prefer sandy
soils.USECAUTION
Caltha papalustris (marsh marigold) = colored sepalsRanunculus ficaria = sepals and petalsSo if it looks like it DOESN'T have sepals, it's Caltha.*Another lookalike (C. leptosepela) but has white-greenish flowers.
*And anotherDeer Cabbage (Fauria crista-galli) w/ leaf lobe bases that dont overlapand very different, white fused flowers (different family: Menyanthaceae)
Tom Forney, ODA
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Vigorous woody perrenial
Small white flowers in tightclusters
Spread by birds & stem
fragments Wear gloves sap may
cause dermatitis Is really, really, really evil!
Nate Woodard
Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org
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Perennial, deciduous, woody vine
Usually five leaflets
Blankets vegetation
On the increase in our area
White, puffy seed tails
Jan Samanek, State Phytosanitary Administration,Bugwood.org
King county
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Herbaceous vine
Smothers plants, very tough on
young plantings
Very fast growing, even aftercut back
Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University,Bugwood.org
Tom Heutte, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Brian Sugerman, The Ohio State University,Bugwood.org
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Herbacious, evergreenperennial.
Grows dense trailing mat.
Flowers small, yellow andhooded growing inclusters around the stem.
Leaves opposite, oval and
hairy w/ coarsely tootededges.
King County
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WHAT TOLOOK FOR Hairy leaves
Spikelets on short stalks
Chartreuse-colored squatty bunches
SIMILAR SPECIES Columbia brome (Bromus vulgaris) Blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus)
WHEN TOLOOK Throughout the year
WHERETOLOOK False brome grows primarily in coniferous
forest understory, but is also invading riparianforests, forest edges, and upland prairies.
OSU
BruceNewhouse
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Erect perrennial herb 4-10 feet tall
finely dissected,almost feathery
leaves strong anise scent flowers are yellow
and small (one-
quarter inchacross), and areclustered in large,rounded, umbrella-like groups
John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
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Smooth purplish stem
Leaves alternate, simple and entire
10-celledfleshy berryw/ crimson
juice
Up to 10 ft
Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS.
PokeweedPytolacca americana
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Photos Provided by: Michigan Department of Agriculture, Pesticide, Plant Pest
Management Div. & U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Animal & Plant Health InspctionService Plant Protection & Quarantine
WHAT TO LOOK FOR Massively tall plant (15-20 ft). Large umbrella shaped flowers. Hollow stalks with red-purple blotches thathave a single erect hair in the center. Large (2.5-3ft wide) deeply incised leaves Seeds almost inch!
WHEN TO LOOK Look for flowers in May through July.
WHERE TO LOOK Unmaintained urban areas, vacant lots,and areas near know establishments,roadsides, streams, rivers, and riparian
areas.
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Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum)Soft & Fuzzy Hair
Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea)
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Photos Provided by: Michigan Department of Agriculture,Pesticide, Plant Pest Management Div. & U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service PlantProtection & Quarantine
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Leaves alternate and spirally
arranged and cluster at the shoottips.
Leaves dark green and shiny ontop and lighter on the underside.
yellow-green, bell-shaped flowersthat emit a honey-like fragrance.
Green unripe and black ripeberries.
WHEN
It is found year-round, bloomingMarch - May.
CAUTION! TOXIC
Daphne laureola (Thymelaeaceae Family) *Native to Europeand Mediterranian region
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Inventory the plants on yourproperty & determine goals
Do you have a weed
problem? Why?
What can youchange about the
way you manageyour property todecrease the weedpopulation?
ENGLISH IVYENGLISH IVY
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Determine appropriate controls,goals and a maintence plan (try totackle your property piece by piece
protect the best first!)
Monitor for invasive plants manyneed multiple years of treatment
Quickly plant/cover disturbed areasthat have been treated
Remember that land stewardshipis ongoing
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Put fresh noxious andperennial weed material inyour garbage
Dont add it to yourcompost bin or yard debriscart; especially seeds orroot material
Dont leave any root partsor seeds in wet areas; theywill sprout!
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Know the enemy & teach others about them Grow native & non-invasive wherever possible
Help others to do the same
Help the public with information on treatment
Monitor and report new invaders Check clothes, vehicles, pets when out & about
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Dont share unless you know its not invasive
Check seed mixes before you buy them
Stay away from generic wildflower mixtures Watch for hitchhikers in nursery stock
Use weed-free soil and mulch
Watch introductions for aggressive behavior
Dont dump your yard clippings in the wild!
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Deadhead faithfully
Use root barriers
Dispose of plant material properlybaggedin the garbage or burned (completely)
Please dont share your invader with others!
Contain it, control it, or cage it!
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Always wash new introductions (think snails)
Keep water garden separate from native waters
Never dump water garden materials or waterinto native waters
Research your plants for invasive potential
many commonly used aquatics are!
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Spring Trainings Coming Soon! Clackamas:
March 21, Oregon City OR
March 28, Canby OR Multnomah:
TentativelyMay 11th & 12th,Portland
Check CWMAWebsite foradditional opportunities:http://4countycwma.org/events/
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Weeds of theWestWestern USCooperative Extension ServicesTom Whitson, Editor; 2001
NorthwestWeedsRonald J. Taylor; 2003
Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Jim Pojar and Andy Mackinnon; 1994
Flora of the Pacific NorthwestHitchcock & Cronquist; 1973
Handbook of Northwestern PlantsHelenGilkey and LaRea J. Dennis; 2001
Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific NorthwestArthur Kruckeberg; 2003
Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest GardensJohnGrant, et. al.; 2003
GardenSmart OregonPortland BES
Urbanizing Flora of Portland 1806-2008Christy et. Al. 2009
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A complete list of links, a copy of my PowerPoint slide show, Weed Watcher trainings and other resources:
y 4-County Cooperative Weed Management Area: http://4countycwma.org/
State Noxious Weed Lists and Descriptions:
y Oregon State Noxious Weed List: http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/PLANT/WEEDS/lists.shtml
y Washington State Noxious Weed List:http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_list/weed_list.htm
General invasive species information including control information, descriptions and photos:
y Oregon Invasive Species Council:http://www.oregon.gov/OISC/index.shtml
y Oregon Flora Project:http://www.oregonflora.org/
y Noxious Weeds, King County:
y http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsandplants/noxious-weeds.aspx
y The Nature Conservancy Stewardship Abstracts:http://www.imapinvasives.org/GIST/ESA/index.html
y Western Invasives Network: http://www.westerninvasivesnetwork.org/
y Pacific Northwest Invasive Plants Council:http://www.pnw-ipc.org/index.shtml
y Center for Invasive Plant Management:http://www.weedcenter.org/index.html
y Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook: http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/
y National Invasive Species Clearinghouse: www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov
y USDA PLANTS Database: http://plants.usda.gov/java/\
y Invasive.org:http://www.invasive.org/
Reporting EDRR Weeds:
y Oregon Invasives Hotline:www.oregoninvasiveshotline.org
Published Guides to Pacific Northwest invaders and environmentally friendly alternatives:
y GardenSmartOregon: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1620.pdf
y
Plant it Right: http://www.plantright.org/y GardenWise Washington: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/education/Western_Garden_Wise_Web.pdf
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Mary Logalbo, [email protected]
503-238-4775
GeneralCWMA Questions:
ElenaCronin, 4CountyCWMACoordinator