CLF June 2016

Baltimore City, MD

DEMOGRAPHICS Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Population, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 622,271 5,887,776 10.57% 4

% Population Change, 2000-2010b -4.6% 9.0% 24

Number of Households, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 597,830 5,747,580 10.40% 4

Population Density (People / Square Mile), 2010b 7,671.87 594.77 1

% Non-Hispanic, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 95.5% 91.2% 14

◼ % White Alone 28.1% 53.6% 23

◼ % Black or African American Alone 62.5% 29.0% 2

◼ % Asian Alone 2.5% 5.8% 10

% Hispanic (any race), 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 4.5% 8.8% 11

Median Household Income, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea $41,819 $74,149 22

Self-Sufficiency Standard (2 Adults, 2 School-Age Children), 2012c,1 $51,466 (U) 18

% Individuals Below 185% of Federal Poverty Level, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimate; Household of 4=$44,123)a,2

42.65% 20.74% 1

% Individuals Below 200% of Federal Poverty Level, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimate; Household of 4=$47,700)a,2

45.35% 22.80% 1

% Unemployment, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 13.9% 8.0% 1

% Households without Vehicle, 2010-2014 ACS Five-Year Estimatea 30.0% 9.4% 1

Demographics

HEALTH STATISTICS Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Overall Mortality / 100,000 Population (Age-Adjusted), 2013d 991.8 708.3 1

Heart Disease Mortality / 100,000 Population (Age-Adjusted), 2013d 242.7 171.7 4

Diabetes Mortality / 100,000 Population (Age-Adjusted), 2013d 30.1 19.6 2

Rate of Obesity, 2013e 35.85% 28.30% 3

Rate of Diabetes, 2013e 10.82% 10.00% 8

Health Statistics

Maryland Food System Profile II

These county profiles present the data compiled by the Maryland Food System Map Project, at the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future. They are intended to be used for education, research, policy development, and community organizing purposes. For more information go to: www.mdfoodsystemmap.org.

FOOD AVAILABILITY - FOOD ACCESS Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Population Living in a Baltimore Food Deserthf,9† 25.0% (U)

% Population Living in a USDA Food Desert, 2010i,10 51.55% 27.34% 2

% Population that is Food Insecure, 2013j,11 22.7% 12.8% 1

Average Cost of a Meal ($), 2013j,12 $3.10 (U) 9

FOOD AVAILABILITY - FOOD STORES AND RESTAURANTS Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Total Number of Food Stores, 2014f 1,028 3,784 27.17% 1

◼ Number of Supermarkets3 50 696 7.18% 5

◻ Supermarkets / 1,000 Population 0.08 0.12 22

◻ % Supermarkets (Number of Supermarkets / Total Food Stores) 4.86% 18.39% 24

◼ Number of Convenience Stores (Chains, Gas Stations, Drug Stores, and Dol-lar-Discount)5

316 1,700 18.59% 1

◼ Number of Small Grocery Stores ("Mom and Pop" Stores, Corner Stores)6 654 1,124 58.19% #N/A

◻ Number of Corner Stores† 479

◻ Number of Behind Glass Corner Stores7† 138

◼ Number of Other Food Stores8 8 63 12.70% 3

Number of Fast Food Chain Restaurants, 2013g 208 1,757 11.84% 3

◼ Fast Food Chain Restaurants / 1,000 Population 0.33 0.30 13

Food Availability

50

316654

8

Supermarkets

Convenience Stores

Small Grocery Stores

Other Food Stores

Food Stores by TypeFood Stores by Type

2 BALTIMORE CITY FOOD SYSTEMS PROFILE

FOOD AVAILABILITY - NUTRITION ASSISTANCE Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Average Number of Monthly SNAP Participants, 2014k 212,471 788,871 26.93% 1

% Population Participating in SNAP, 2015 State Fiscal yearl 32.6% 13.0% 1

% SNAP Participation Among Low-Income Residents, 2015 State Fiscal yearl 80.6% 65.90% 5

Number of SNAP Authorized Stores, 2014m 796 3,405 23.38% 1

◼ SNAP Authorized Stores / 1,000 population 1.28 0.58 1

Number of WIC Authorized Stores, 2015n 192 717 26.78% 1

Number of Pantry & Free Meal Sites, 2013g 225 1,069 21.05% 1

URBAN AGRICULTURE Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Number of Farmers Markets, 2015o 14 145 3

Total Number of Urban Farms Selling Food Locally, 2015h,13† 18 18

◼ Number of Baltimore Farm Alliance Members14 11 11

◼ Number of Urban Farms with Laying Hens 0 0

◼ Number of Urban Farms with Honey Bees 2 2

◼ Number of Urban Farms Raising Fish 2 2

◼ Number of Urban Farms Growing Fruit 5 5

◼ Number of Urban Farms Growing Vegetables 14 14

◼ Number of Urban Farms that are USDA Certified Organic 0 0

◼ Number of Urban Farms that sell at Farmers Markets 14 14

◼ Number of Urban Farms that Sell at Farm Stands 4 4

◼ Number of Urban Farms that Sell Through Wholesale 11 11

Urban Agriculture

BALTIMORE CITY FOOD SYSTEMS PROFILE 3

PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Total Number of Food Processing Facilities, 2015h,15* 72 623 11.56% 1

◼ Number of Facilities that Process Dairy 6 51 11.76% 1

◼ Number of Facilities that Process Seafood 6 168 3.57% 10

◼ Number of Facilities that Process Meat 19 145 13.10% 1

Animal Slaughter Facilities, 2015h,15* 1 69 1.45% 14

Food Distribution and Warehouses, 2015h,15* 34 521 6.53% 6

◼ Number of Distributors that Source Locally 0 65 0.00% 17

Processing and Distribution

INSTITUTIONS Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Number of Hospitals, 2015p 15 63 23.81% 1

Number of Colleges/Universities, 2015q 11 56 19.64% 1

Number of Public K12 Schools, 2012-2013r 199 1,437 13.85% 2

% Students Free and Reduced-Lunch Eligible, 2015-2016s 87.71% 45.13% 1

Number Participating in Maryland Meals for Achievement, 2014-2015t,16 467 0.00% 23

% Eligible Participating in Maryland Meals for Achievement, 2014-2015t,16 54.0% 23

Breakfasts and Lunches Served Annually, 2012-2013u 13,940,482 89,013,961 15.66% 2

Institutions

0

2

2

5

14

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Laying Hens

Honey Bees

Fish

Fruit

Vegetables

Products on Urban Farms (by number of farms)Products on Urban Farms (by number of farms)

4 BALTIMORE CITY FOOD SYSTEMS PROFILE

ENVIRONMENT - LAND PRESERVATION Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Maryland DNR and Conservation Easements, Total Acreage, 2013v 0.00 532,721.06 0.00% 24

MALPF Easements, Total Acreage, 2013v 0.00 299,946.00 0.00% 24

Maryland Environmental Trust Easements, Total Acreage, 2013v 35.71 129,693.13 0.03% 24

Maryland Rural Legacy Properties, Total Acreage, 2014w 0.00 81,796.03 0.00% 24

Maryland Rural Legacy Areas, Total Acreage, 2014w 0.00 902,580.62 0.00% 24

Environment

ENVIRONMENT - AIR AND WATER QUALITY Baltimore City Maryland % of MD Total County Ranking

Ammonia from Fertilizer Application (Tons), 2011x 0.00 2,827.17 0.00% 24

Ammonia from Livestock Waste (Tons), 2011x 0.00 19,886.77 0.00% 24

Airborne PM~2.5~ from Crop and Livestock Dust (Tons), 2011x,17 0.00 2,791.47 0.00% 24

% Population on Private Well, 2010y 0.0% 18.5% 24

Total Number of Watersheds, 2012z,18 5 123 4.07% 21

◼ Number in Good Health* 0 2 0.00% 4

◼ Number in Fair Health 1 59 1.69% 21

◼ Number in Poor Health 4 62 6.45% 13

1

4

Watershed Health

Good Health

Fair Health

Poor Health

Watershed Health

BALTIMORE CITY FOOD SYSTEMS PROFILE 5

6 | Baltimore City Food Systems Profile

The data sources for the Maryland Food System County Profiles are as follows: The data sources for the Maryland Food System County Profiles are as follows: (a) The American Community Survey, 2010-2014 Five-Year Estimates(b) The United States Census, 2010(c) Center for Women’s Welfare, 2012(d) Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2013(e) Maryland Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013(f) Center for a Livable Future’s Maryland Food System Map Project, 2014(g) Center for a Livable Future’s Maryland Food System Map Project, 2013(h) Center for a Livable Future’s Maryland Food System Map Project, 2015(i) USDA Food Access Research Atlas, 2010(j) Feeding America, 2013 (k) Maryland Hunger Solutions, 2014(l) Maryland Hunger Solutions, 2015(m) USDA Food and Nutrition Service SNAP Retailer Locator, 2014(n) Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2015(o) Maryland Farmers Market Association, 2015(p) Maryland State Archives, 2015(q) Maryland Higher Education Commission, 2015(r) Maryland Public School System websites, 2013(s) Maryland Department of Education, 2015-2016(t) Maryland Hunger Solutions, 2014-2015(u) Maryland Department of Education, 2013(v) Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 2013(w) Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 2014(x) United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2011(y) United States Geological Survey, 2010(z) Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 2012

Footnotes1. The Self-Sufficiency Standard determines the amount of income required for working

families to meet basic needs at a minimally adequate level, taking into account family composition, ages of children, and geographic differences in costs. This does not include public subsidies or informal/private assistance.

2. Eligibility criterion for food and other federal supplement programs and benefits varies by household size, based on a percentage of the Federal Poverty Level.

3. “Supermarkets” are large-format grocery stores with all food departments present, including produce, meats, seafood, canned goods and packaged goods. Supermarkets are typically chain stores; these stores have annual sales of $2 million or more and have 3 or more cash registers.

4. The “Small Food Stores” category includes small-format stores in the following cat-egories: convenience stores (gas station and chain stores), small grocery stores, and international food stores.

5. The “Convenience Stores” category includes a variety of stores that sell food products, but food is not their main business. These stores include chain convenience stores, gas station convenience stores, pharmacies, and discount/dollar stores. They are typically chain operated.

6. “Small Grocery Stores,” sometimes called “mom & pop” stores or corner stores, are small format grocery stores that are typically independently owned and operated. They have annual sales of less than $2 million and have limited food departments.

7. “Behind Glass Corner Stores” are stores meet the same criteria as the “Small Grocery/Corner Store” category, but all of the goods for sale and the clerk are physically behind plexiglass. As there are over 40 of these stores in Baltimore, CLF chose to identify them in a distinct category. These data are from 2009.

8. The “Other Food Stores” category include Conventional Club stores (i.e. BJ’s), Military Commissaries, mixed markets, and public markets.

9. Baltimore Food Deserts are defined by CLF as an area where the distance to a supermar-ket or supermarket alternative is more than 1/4 mile, the median household income is at or below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level, over 30% of households have no vehicle available, and the average Healthy Food Availability Index (HFAI) score for all food stores is low.

10. USDA Food Deserts are defined as low-income census tracts where residents are >0.5 miles (urban) or >10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket.

11. Feeding America’s Map the Meal Gap’s food insecurity rates are determined using data from the 2001-2013 Current Population Survey on individuals in food insecure house-

7 | Baltimore City Food Systems Profile

holds; 2009-2013 American Community Survey five year estimates on median house-hold incomes, poverty rates, homeownership, and race and ethnic demographics; and 2013 American Community Survey one year estimates on unemployment rates.

12. The average dollar amount spent on food/week by food secure individuals is divided by 21 (3 meals per day x 7 days per week) weighted by the “cost-of-food index” to derive a localized estimate. Food expenditures for food secure individuals were used to ensure that the result best reflected the cost of an adequate diet.

13. Farms that grow food in Baltimore City. These farms range in size and by type of prod-ucts produced, and by farming practices. They differ from community gardens, as the food is grown for sale, not personal consumption. The list is derived from online re-search, last updated in summer 2015.

14. The Baltimore Farm Alliance is a network of farmers in Baltimore City who share resourc-es and abide by a set of common farm practices and standards. There are other Balti-more Farm Alliance members who are not included in these data because they do not grow food for consumption.

15. Food processing and distribution facility lists were derived from multiple federal, state and county level food permit lists. Categories of food processing facilities, slaughter facilities, and distribution and storage facilities are neither mutually exclusive nor an exhaustive list of every possible type of facility.

16. Baltimore City Schools use a different program for funding breakfast in the classroom. 17. Data for crop and livestock dust emissions of Particulate Matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5).18. The number of watersheds comprises all watersheds present in the county, including

those that cross county borders.

Symbols(U) Data unavailable *Many Maryland counties (and Baltimore City) do not have any data or locations in this cate-gory, making the County Ranking for this category deceptively high for counties that have a value of 0. For example, there are only 4 dairy cow CAFOs in Maryland so any county with 0 CAFOs is tied for 5th place.† Data for Baltimore City only

The Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future promotes research and develops and communicates information about the complex interrelationships among diet, food production, the environment and human health. We advocate for policies that protect health, the global environment and the ability to sustain life for future generations.

Image credit: “2006 09 19 - Annapolis - Sunset over State House” by Thisisbossi - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006_09_19_-_Annapolis_-_Sunset_over_State_House.JPG#/media/File:2006_09_19_-_Annapolis_-_Sunset_over_State_House.JPG

CLF June 2016