Introducing…

MARY SHELLEY

• Born in London in 1797• Parents: Mary

Wollstonecraft & William Godwin

• Mother died of a fever soon after the baby was born.

• One half-sister, Fanny (3 years older)

BIRTH

Mary Wollstonecraft

William Godwin

THE PARENTS

Both parents were considered “intellectual rebels” of their time.

*Resented Mary’s close relationship with her father.*Did not encourage Mary’s education *Made Mary do household chores.*Regularly invaded Mary’s privacy. *Kept Mary from spending time with her dad.

STEPMOTHER TROUBLES

*Mary’s dad sent her to stay with friends in Scotland.

*She experienced two things there: the love of happy family and the beautiful Scottish scenery.

*Both of these elements played important roles later when she wrote Frankenstein.

TRIP TO SCOTLAND

* Disciple of her father’s philosophical ideas*Married to Harriet Westbrook Shelley*Highly educated*Writer and Poet*Wealthy*Idealistic*Became dissatisfied with his wife*Mary and Percy declared their love for each other in June of 1814

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY

*Godwin forbade Percy to come to the house.

*Percy attempted suicide.

*Mary ran away with him to France (her step-sister Jane came too!).

RUNAWAY

• Mary wrote in her journal on 19 December 1822: "France--Poverty--a few days of solitude & some uneasiness--A tranquil residence in a beautiful spot--Switzerland--Bath--Marlow--Milan--The Baths of Lucca--Este--Venice--Rome--Naples--Rome & misery--Leghorn--Florence Pisa--Solitude The Williams--The Baths--Pisa--These are the heads of chapters--each containing a tale, romantic beyond romance."

TRAVEL

*Mary gave birth to 4 children (only one survived to adulthood) and had a miscarriage with her 5th pregnancy.*Her half sister Fanny committed suicide.*Percy’s wife Harriet committed suicide.

BIRTH, DEATH, MOTHERHOOD

On 19 March 1815 she recorded in her journal: "Dream that my

little baby came to life again--that it had only been cold & that we

rubbed it before the fire & it lived."

BIRTH, DEATH, MOTHERHOOD

*Spring of 1816*Lake Geneva, Switzerland: Lord Byron, her step sister, Byron’s physician, Percy, and Mary.*Ghost Stories*Ch. 5 of the novel –her original short story*Finished full novel- 1817*Published 1818

THE BIRTH OF FRANKENSTEIN

*Scientists discovering the potential of electricity.*Luigi Galvani- experiments with animal tissue

SCIENCE OF FRANKENSTEIN

Original title for Frankenstein: The Modern Promethus

Promethus- Greek myth; brought fire to man; symbol of creative striving

Percy Shelley wrote poetic drama – Promethus Unbound

MYTHOLOGY OF FRANKENSTEIN

*Wrote a novella: Mathilda*Grew apart from Percy.*1822- Percy dies in a boat accident.*Wrote more novels and some non-fiction biographies.*Published Percy’s poetry with long biographical notes.*Supported her father financially.*Died from a brain tumor in 1851.

AFTER FRANKENSTEIN

ROMANTICISM

•1798-1832•Post revolutionary period: economic suffering and social disorder•Industrial Revolution•Movement in art and literature was based in part on the feeling of optimism about human possibilities that was present in Western culture after the American and French Revolutions.

ROMANTIC MOVEMENT

• Innovation • Freedom of thought and expression• Spontaneity• Idealization of Nature (nature

poets)• Visionary Imagination (sometimes

nightmarish)

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTICISM

“The Romantic discovers what he hopes are new values, new

experience patterns, and his impulse is to rebel against any restriction upon that process of

discovery, that quest for new and higher truth.”

http://theliterarylink.com/prerom.html

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTICISM

William BlakeJohn KeatsLord Byron

Percy ShelleySamuel Taylor Coleridge

William Wordsworth

FAMOUS ROMANTIC

POETS

Purpose: To evoke terror and show the dark side of

human nature

GOTHIC

ELEMENTS OF GOTHIC LITERATURE

• Often set in a medieval society or has medieval elements (castle)

• Mysterious disappearances• Horrifying events or the threat of them• Supernatural occurrences• Protagonist is solitary, egocentric, and passion-

driven• Heroine with a tendency to faint and a need to

be rescued–frequently• Nature is used to create mood/atmosphere

ELEMENTS OF GOTHIC LITERATURE

• Dungeons, underground passages, crypts, and catacombs, spooky basements or attics.

• Labyrinths, dark corridors, and winding stairs

• Shadows, a beam of moonlight in the blackness, a flickering candle, or the only source of light failing

• Extreme landscapes and extreme weather

NATURE IS USED TO CREATE MOOD/ATMOSPHERE

William GodwinAnn Radcliffe

Horace WalpoleMatthew Gregory Lewis

Clara Reeve

OTHER GOTHIC WRITERS