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Marx and Darwin Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution Revolution and Evolution

Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

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Page 1: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

Marx and DarwinMarx and Darwin

Revolution and EvolutionRevolution and Evolution

Page 2: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

Agency and DeterminismAgency and Determinism

1818thth Century Centuryreasonreasonprogress = history of rational actorsprogress = history of rational actors

1919thth Century Centuryirrational / natural forcesirrational / natural forcesprogress = expression of determinantsprogress = expression of determinants

Power and moralityPower and morality

Page 3: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

I. The Socialist CritiqueI. The Socialist Critique

From communes to CommunismFrom communes to Communism

Arise, wretched of the earthArise, wretched of the earthArise, convicts of hungerArise, convicts of hungerReason thunders in its volcanoReason thunders in its volcanoThis is the eruption of the endThis is the eruption of the endOf the past let us wipe the slate cleanOf the past let us wipe the slate cleanMasses, slaves, arise, ariseMasses, slaves, arise, ariseThe world is about to change its foundationThe world is about to change its foundationWe are nothing, let us be allWe are nothing, let us be all

- - thethe InternationaleInternationale

Page 4: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

A. Damn Liberals!A. Damn Liberals!

1.1. Challenge to laissez-faire ethicChallenge to laissez-faire ethic- Haunted by Revolution(s)- Haunted by Revolution(s)

2.2. Twin goalsTwin goals- political democracy (middle class)- political democracy (middle class)- economic justice (working class)- economic justice (working class)

3.3. Fear / self-preservationFear / self-preservation- slaves to the IR- slaves to the IR

Page 5: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

B. UtilitarianB. Utilitarian

1.1. Rejection of Natural RightsRejection of Natural Rights- rights conflict- rights conflict

- Principle of Utility Jeremy Bentham- Principle of Utility Jeremy Bentham

2.2. Pursue economic needs of majorityPursue economic needs of majority- communal good v. private good- communal good v. private good

Page 6: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

C. UtopianC. Utopian

1.1. Isn’t it Romantic?Isn’t it Romantic? - rationalism = equality- rationalism = equality

- free individual for creative talents - free individual for creative talents

2.2. Collective abundanceCollective abundance- Henri de Saint-Simone: “specialists” v. “capitalists”- Henri de Saint-Simone: “specialists” v. “capitalists”- Charles Fourier: “phalansteries”- Charles Fourier: “phalansteries”

Cooperation instead of competitionCooperation instead of competition

Page 7: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

33. . Theory to actionTheory to action- - Robert OwenRobert Owen

44. . Limits of UtopianismLimits of Utopianism- motivation- motivation- animosity of capitalists- animosity of capitalists- elites- elites

Control of the mode of production?Control of the mode of production?

Page 8: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

D. The Road to D. The Road to RevolutionRevolution

1.1. Reject Utopian Socialism Reject Utopian Socialism- fear of self-interest- fear of self-interest- burden of “False Consciousness”- burden of “False Consciousness”

2.2. The Communist ManifestoThe Communist Manifesto 18481848- history / society governed by scientific laws- history / society governed by scientific laws- mode of production = power (materialism)- mode of production = power (materialism)

Friedrich Engels Scientific SocialismFriedrich Engels Scientific Socialism

Page 9: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

3.3. Dialectical Materialism Dialectical Materialism - “History…is the history of class struggle”- “History…is the history of class struggle”

- industrial capitalism is creating its own antithesis- industrial capitalism is creating its own antithesis- rise of the Bourgeoisie - rise of the Bourgeoisie

G.F. HegelG.F. Hegel

4.4. Marx the ProphetMarx the Prophet- judgment day worker’s paradise- judgment day worker’s paradise “from each according to his abilities, to each according“from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs” to his needs”

- trained revolutionaries to read the signs- trained revolutionaries to read the signs- class consciousness defeats nationalism- class consciousness defeats nationalism- material culture → human nature- material culture → human nature

Page 10: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

II. Darwin’s Dangerous IdeaII. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea

The transposition of the Victorian mindThe transposition of the Victorian mind

““There is grandeur in this view There is grandeur in this view of of life”life”

- Charles Darwin- Charles Darwin

Page 11: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

A. This Old EarthA. This Old Earth

1. Science and exploration1. Science and exploration- Alex. Von Humboldt; Charles Lyell- Alex. Von Humboldt; Charles Lyell- ecology / geology “historical”- ecology / geology “historical”- Transmutation of Species- Transmutation of Species

HMS BeagleHMS Beagle

Page 12: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

B. Reluctant B. Reluctant RevolutionaryRevolutionary

1. The “Dismal Science”1. The “Dismal Science”- Galapagos journey 1835- Galapagos journey 1835- un-Romantic; deterministic; conflict- un-Romantic; deterministic; conflict- Alfred Russell Wallace- Alfred Russell Wallace

2. 2. On the Origin of the SpeciesOn the Origin of the Species 18591859

- Natural Selection- Natural Selection

- “place” / “niche”- “place” / “niche”- “divergence”- “divergence”

Page 13: Marx and Darwin Revolution and Evolution. Agency and Determinism 18 th Century reason progress = history of rational actors 19 th Century irrational

C. The UpshotC. The Upshot

1. 1. The Descent of Man The Descent of Man 18711871

- cosmological revolution- cosmological revolution

2. Social Darwinism2. Social Darwinism- Herbert Spencer- Herbert Spencer

Racism/ Anti-SemitismRacism/ Anti-Semitism

Class exploitation / ImperialismClass exploitation / Imperialism

Ecological AwarenessEcological Awareness


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