Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 1 AAT-A Date: 12/10/13 SWBAT add and multiply radicals Do Now: Rogawski #77a get the page 224 Complete HW Requests:Adding

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 1

AAT-A

Date: 12/10/13 SWBAT add and multiply radicals

Do Now: Rogawski #77a get the page 224 CompleteHW Requests:Adding Subtracting Multiplying Radicals Worksheets

Continue Vocab sheetClosure-check answersStudents will work pg 254 #43-48

HW: Complete Division of Radicals WSAnnouncements : Math Team Cancelled Wed.

Tutoring: Tues. and Thurs. 3-4

"Do not judge me by my successes,

judge me by how many times

I fell down and got back up again.“

Nelson Mandela


Simplifying Radical Expressions


Rationalizing the denominator -rewrite a radical quotient with the radical confined to ONLY the numerator. There is no radical in the denominator!

Process: Multiply the quotient by a form of 1 to eliminate the radical in the denominator.

Rationalizing the Denominator


Rationalize the denominator.

2

3

2

2

3 9

6

3

3

3

3

22

23

2

6

33

3

39

3 6

3

3

27

3 6

3

3 6 33 3 2


Example


To simplify rational quotients with a sum or difference of terms in a denominator, rather than a single radical.

Process: Multiply by the conjugate of the numerator or denominator (which ever one we are rationalizing).

The conjugate uses the same terms, but the opposite operation (+ or ).

Conjugates


Rationalize the denominator.

32

23

332322

3222323

32

32

32

322236

1

322236

322236


Example

§ 15.4

Multiplying and Dividing Radicals


nnn abba

0 if b b

a

b

an

n

n

n a n bIf and are real numbers,

Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions


Simplify the following radical expressions.

xy 53 xy15

23

67

ba

ba

23

67

ba

ba44ba 22ba

Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions

Example

§ 15.3

Adding and Subtracting Radicals


Sums and Differences

Rules in the previous section allowed us to split radicals that had a radicand which was a product or a quotient.

We can NOT split sums or differences.

baba

baba


“like” terms- terms with the same variables raised to the same powers can be combined through addition and subtraction.

Like radicals are radicals with the same index and the same radicand.

Like radicals can be combined with addition or subtraction by using the distributive property.

Like Radicals


373 38

24210 26

3 2 42 Can not simplify

35 Can not simplify

Adding and Subtracting Radical Expressions

Example


Simplify the following radical expression. 331275

3334325

3334325

333235

3325 36

Example



Simplify the following radical expression.

91464 33

9144 3 3 145

Example



Simplify the following radical expression. Assume that variables represent positive real numbers.

xxx 5453 3 xxxx 5593 2

xxxx 5593 2

xxxx 5533

xxxx 559

xxx 59 xx 510

Example



Square Roots

Opposite of squaring a number is taking the square root of a number.

A number b is a square root of a number a if b2 = a.

In order to find a square root of a, you need a # that, when squared, equals a.


The principal (positive) square root is noted as

a

The negative square root is noted as

a

Principal Square Roots


Radical expression is an expression containing a radical sign.

Radicand is the expression under a radical sign.

Note that if the radicand of a square root is a negative number, the radical is NOT a real number.

Radicands


Finding the nth rootof a number

Finding the square root of a number involves finding a number that, when squared, equals the given number.

In other words, finding such that b2 = a.Some vocabulary involved with nth roots:

snn is the index of the expression.

The index tells us what amount of

factors we should look for in order to

simplify a quantity.

Examples:

If n = 3, we are looking for some

value r such that r3 = s.

If n = 4, we are looking for some

value r such that r4 = s.

This is called a

radical symbol.

s is called the radicand of the radical

expression. If the index n is even, then s

must be positive. This is because there is no

value of r such that r2 = -s.

a b


The nth root of a is defined as abba nn ifonly

If the index, n, is even, the root is NOT a real number when a is negative.If the index is odd, the root will be a real number.

nth Roots

*


49 7

16

25

4

5

4 2

Radicands

Example


Square roots of perfect square radicands simplify to rational numbers (numbers that can be written as a quotient of integers).

Square roots of numbers that are not perfect squares (like 7, 10, etc.) are irrational numbers.

IF REQUESTED, you can find a decimal approximation for these irrational numbers.

Otherwise, leave them in radical form.

Perfect Squares


Radicands might also contain variables and powers of variables.

To avoid negative radicands, assume for this chapter that if a variable appears in the radicand, it represents positive numbers only.

1064x 58x

Perfect Square Roots

Example


Simplify the following.

20225 ba 105ab

39

364

b

a3

4

b

a

nth Roots

Example


The cube root of a real number a

abba 33 ifonly

Note: a is not restricted to non-negative numbers for cubes.

Cube Roots


3 27 3

3 68x 22x

Cube Roots

Example


Using the absolute value with radicals

Let b = 1, then

Now, let b = -1

but

To make sure that the answer is positive we add an absolute value.

If b is positive there is no problem, however, if b is negative we need |b|

§ 15.2

Simplifying Radicals


baab

0b if b

a

b

a

a bIf and are real numbers,

Product Rule and Quotient Rule for Square Roots



Factor radicand, isolate perfect squares, then simplify

40 104 102

16

5 16

5

4

5

15 No perfect square factor, so the radical is already simplified.


Example



7x xx6 xx6 xx3

16

20

x

16

20

x

8

54

x 8

52

x


Example


nnn baab

0 if n

n

n

n bb

a

b

a

n a n bIf and are real numbers,

Product and Quotient Rule for Radicals



Factor radicand, isolate perfect squares, then simplify

3 16 3 28 33 28 3 2 2

3

64

3 3

3

64

3

4

33


Example

§ 15.5

Solving Equations Containing Radicals


Power Rule (text only talks about squaring, but applies to other powers, as well).

If both sides of an equation are raised to the same power, solutions of the new equation contain all the solutions of the original equation, but might also contain additional solutions.

A proposed solution of the new equation that is NOT a solution of the original equation is an extraneous solution.

Extraneous Solutions


Solve the following radical equation.

51 x

2251 x

251x

24x

24 1 5

525 true

Substitute into the original equation.

So the solution is x = 24.

Solving Radical Equations

Example



55 x

2255 x

255 x

5x

5 55 525

Does NOT check, since the left side of the equation is asking for the principal square root.

So the solution is .



Example


Steps for Solving Radical Equations1) Isolate one radical on one side of equal sign.

2) Raise each side of the equation to a power equal to the index of the isolated radical, and simplify. (With square roots, the index is 2, so square both sides.)

3) If equation still contains a radical, repeat steps 1 and 2. If not, solve equation.

4) Check proposed solutions in the original equation.




011 x

11 x

2211 x

11x

2x

2 1 1 0 011

011 true


So the solution is x = 2.


Example



812 xx

xx 281

22281 xx

2432641 xxx 2433630 xx )421)(3(0 xx

213 or 4

x


Example


Substitute the value for x into the original equation, to check the solution.

3 32( ) 1 8 846 true

21 21 14

24

8

84

25

2

21

82

5

2

21

82

26 falseSo the solution is x = 3.

Example continued



Solve the following radical equation.425 yy

22425 yy

44445 yyy

445 y

44

5 y

22

44

5

y

416

25y

16

89

16

254 y


Example



5 289 891

46 16

16

252

16

169

4

52

4

13

4

3

4

13 false So the solution is .

Example continued



Solve the following radical equation.24342 xx

43242 xx

2243242 xx

43434442 xxx

4343842 xxx

43412 xx

22 43412 xx6448)43(16144242 xxxx

080242 xx

0420 xx

20or 4x


Example



2( ) 4 3( 4 24 4) 2164

242

true

2( ) 4 3( ) 420 20 2

26436

286

true

So the solution is x = 4 or 20.

Example continued


§ 15.6

Radical Equations and Problem Solving


Pythagorean Theorem

In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse.

(leg a)2 + (leg b)2 = (hypotenuse)2

leg ahypotenuse

leg b

The Pythagorean Theorem


Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle when the length of the two legs are 2 inches and 7 inches.

c2 = 22 + 72 = 4 + 49 = 53

53c = inches

Using the Pythagorean Theorem

Example


By using the Pythagorean Theorem, we can derive a formula for finding the distance between two points with coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).

212

212 yyxxd

The Distance Formula


Find the distance between (5, 8) and (2, 2).

212

212 yyxxd

22 28)2(5 d

22 63 d

5345369 d

The Distance Formula

Example


15.1 – Introduction to Radicals

15.2 – Simplifying Radicals

15.3 – Adding and Subtracting Radicals

15.4 – Multiplying and Dividing Radicals

15.5 – Solving Equations Containing Radicals

15.6 – Radical Equations and Problem Solving

Chapter Sections

Documents

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 1 AAT-A Date: 12/10/13 SWBAT add and multiply radicals Do Now: Rogawski #77a get the page 224 Complete HW Requests:Adding