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MARSMARS
in 2005in 2005
MARS MARS 20052005
Opposition: 7 Nov….Opposition: 7 Nov….
MARS MARS 20052005
Opposition: 7 Nov….Opposition: 7 Nov….
Closest: Closest: 30 Oct….30 Oct….
MARS MARS 20052005
Opposition: 7 Nov….Opposition: 7 Nov….
Closest: Closest: 30 Oct….30 Oct….
Hurricane Wilma interfered with many observers at oppostion
MARS MARS 20052005
Opposition: 7 Nov….Opposition: 7 Nov….
Closest: Closest: 30 Oct….30 Oct….
43.7 Million Miles43.7 Million Miles
20.2 arc20.2 arc--secondsseconds
44 Million Miles
20.2”
63 million miles
Perihelic (2001)
42 Million Miles
20.5”
35 Million Miles
25.2”
44 Million Miles
20.2”
55 million Miles
15.8”
Dec 24, 2007
EARTHLIKE MARSEARTHLIKE MARS
Mars Day = 24 h 39 mMars Day = 24 h 39 m
(A Little Slower Than Earth)(A Little Slower Than Earth)
EARTHLIKE MARSEARTHLIKE MARS
Mars Day = 24 h 39 mMars Day = 24 h 39 m
… Rotates only 350… Rotates only 350°°°°°°°° / 24 hrs./ 24 hrs.
Central Longitude “Backs” AroundCentral Longitude “Backs” Around
~ 10° per day~ 10° per day
Need Observers Around the WorldNeed Observers Around the World
Takes 36 Days to Takes 36 Days to
Get Back to Original LongitudeGet Back to Original Longitude
SO:
INTERNATIONAL MARS PATROLINTERNATIONAL MARS PATROL
MARS 2005MARS 2005
> 4,5004,500 ObservationsObservations
144 144 ObserversObservers
23 23 CountriesCountries
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
Czech Rep.
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Mexico
Netherlands
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Romania
Singapore
Slovenia
Spain
U.K.
U.S.
Venezuela
MARS 2005… MARS 2005…
AN INTERNET APPARITIONAN INTERNET APPARITION
MARS 2005… MARS 2005…
AN INTERNET APPARITIONAN INTERNET APPARITION
WWW.BIG-UNS.COM
http://www.mars.dti.ne.jp/~cmo/oaa_mars.html
http://elvis.rowan.edu/marswatch/
Professional Advisors:Professional Advisors:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/marsobservers/
2005: 1400 Members!2005: 1400 Members!
7052
3281
4500
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
# Observations
1988 2003 2005
MARS OBSERVATIONS, A.L.P.O.
2005 APPARITION COVERAGE:2005 APPARITION COVERAGE:
77% of a MARS YEAR77% of a MARS YEAR
12 Feb 2005
159°°°° Ls
(Ikemura)
July 6 2006
76°°°° Ls
(Ulowetz)
VISUAL
PHOTO
CCD
VISUAL
CCD
VISUAL
CCD
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988 2003 2005
Fast Frame Rate:Fast Frame Rate:
“Beat the Seeing”“Beat the Seeing”
WEBCAMSWEBCAMS
Visual observations are still …
… the backbone of our work
N. Biver
2005 apparition coverage
MARS 2005MARS 2005
S. SpringS. Spring S. SummerS. Summer
J. BeishJ. Beish
S. AutumnS. Autumn
Courtesy J. Beish
MARS 2005MARS 2005
SOUTH POLAR CAPSOUTH POLAR CAP
S. Spring through SummerS. Spring through Summer
SPC is offset ~5°°°° near 45°°°°W. longitude
NPC 1960's, 1980's, 1990's
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1993, 95, 97, 99
1980, 82, 84
1963, 65, 67, 69
Ls °°°°
Areocentric
Latitude (
ββ ββ)°°°°
Mars Global Surveyor found SPC shrinkage 1999-2005
“Mars is undergoing global warming and we don’t know why …”
David Malin, MGS team leader
Courtesy
K. Edgett,
M. Malin, JPL
POLAR CAP RIFTS & “OUTLIERS”POLAR CAP RIFTS & “OUTLIERS”
Mountains of Mountains of MitchelMitchel ThylesThyles MonsMons
246°°°° - 248°°°° Ls 252°°°° Ls
Rima Angusta
259°°°° - 262°°°° Ls
POLAR HOODSPOLAR HOODS
AUTUMN AND WINTERAUTUMN AND WINTER
SPC SPC
NPHNPH
S. Summer … N. Winter
MARS 2005MARS 2005
SOUTH POLAR HOODSOUTH POLAR HOOD
Appears in Late S. SummerAppears in Late S. Summer
MARS 2005MARS 2005
SOUTH POLAR HOODSOUTH POLAR HOOD
Appears in Late S. SummerAppears in Late S. Summer
Early Southern Autumn, 2006Early Southern Autumn, 2006
Cap may form from the hood as it dissipates
Mars Global Surveyor
Feb – April, 2005Deposition of the SPC from the SPH
Thin hood, no SPC underneath Hood thickens SPC forms
Oct 18, 2005 D. ParkerOct 18, 2005 D. Parker
Northern Winter N. Polar Hood
CLOUDS !!CLOUDS !!
MARS HAS AN ATMOSPHEREMARS HAS AN ATMOSPHERE
EARTHLIKE MARSEARTHLIKE MARS
MARS HAS WEATHERMARS HAS WEATHER
Arsia
Pavonis
Ascraeus
Olympus
Water Ice Crystal Clouds
2005: 3042005: 304°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… S. MidS. Mid--SummerSummer
304°°°° Ls … (mid S. Summer)
132°°°° Ls … (mid N. Summer)
180180°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… S. Vernal EquinoxS. Vernal Equinox
Early Northern Spring … Few Orographics
MARS: POLAR CAPS
NPC = CO + H O Core
SPC = CO
2 2
2 (Mostly)
ArgyreArgyre
Mar 11 2006Mar 11 2006
D. ParkerD. Parker
7 Dec 20057 Dec 2005
Larry OwensLarry Owens
CC--14, 14, AtikAtik--II
Hellas
N. SpringN. Spring--SummerSummer S. SpringS. Spring--SummerSummer
Beish and Parker, J. Geophysical Res. 95, B9 (1990)
62°°°° Ls … Late N. Spring
117°°°° Ls … Early N. Summer
4 Sept. 20054 Sept. 2005
D. ParkerD. Parker
282°°°° Ls … Early S. Summer
OlympusOlympus
ArsiaArsia
AscraeusAscraeus
PavonisPavonis
4 Sept. 20054 Sept. 2005
D. ParkerD. Parker
Arsia Cloud: 2003 … Mid S. Spring
Arsia cloud near local noon
Arsia cloud near local 1 PM
Arsia cloud near local 2 PM
Arsia cloud near local 3 PM
Arsia cloud near local 3:30 PM
Arsia cloud near local late afternoon
Arsia cloud near local sunset
Arsia cloud at local sunset
Arsia Mons Arsia Mons OrographicOrographic 2005: Early S. Summer2005: Early S. Summer
4141°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… Mid Northern SpringMid Northern Spring
ELYSIUM OROGRAPHIC CLOUDELYSIUM OROGRAPHIC CLOUD
March 30, 2006… Early N. SpringMarch 30, 2006… Early N. Spring
D. Parker
5.7 arc-secs
N. Summer
S. Summer
MARS …MARS …
ALWAYS HAS SURPRISESALWAYS HAS SURPRISES
DUST!
MARTIAN DUST STORMSMARTIAN DUST STORMS
•• Bright in Bright in RED RED LightLight
•• Moving ObscurationsMoving Obscurations
•• Anomalous Albedo FeaturesAnomalous Albedo Features
The 2001 Dust Storm…The 2001 Dust Storm…
The Syrtis Major RegionThe Syrtis Major Region
19 Km
(Schmude)
MARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATIONMARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATION
�LOCAL: Major Axis < 2000 Km
L. J. Martin
MARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATIONMARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATION
L. J. Martin
�REGIONAL: > 2000 Km - Not Encircling
MARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATIONMARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATION
L. J. Martin
�PLANET-ENCIRCLING / GLOBAL
2001
The Great 1971 Dust Storm
MARS PLANET MARS PLANET -- ENCIRCLINGENCIRCLING
DUST STORMS SINCE 1877DUST STORMS SINCE 1877
19091909
19241924
19561956
1971197119731973
19751975
19771977
19771977
19821982
20012001
… from R. … from R. McKIMMcKIM
N. Spring-Summer S. Spring-Summer
Beish and Parker, JGR 1990, Icarus 1999
MARS 2005MARS 2005
5 Dust Storms, Aug. 5 Dust Storms, Aug. –– Nov.Nov.
4 Localized, 1 Regional4 Localized, 1 Regional
S. Spring-Summer
Late S. Spring: Late S. Spring: 313°°°°-317°°°° Ls
2005: Aug. 2 2005: Aug. 2 -- 1212
2005: Oct. 13 2005: Oct. 13 -- 1515
Mid S. Summer: Mid S. Summer: 304°°°°-307°°°° Ls
Local Dust Storm … 13-15 Oct, 2005
304°°°°-307°°°° Ls
Oct. 13, 2005
Oct. 14, 2005
Oct. 15, 2005
Regional Dust Storm … 17-26 Oct, 2005
308°°°°-313°°°° Ls
Max long axis ≅≅≅≅ 2200 Km
3.7 x 106 Km2
Oct. 17, 2005
Oct. 18, 2005
Oct. 19, 2005
Oct. 21, 2005
Oct. 22, 2005
Oct. 24, 2005
Oct. 26, 2005
2005: Oct. 17 2005: Oct. 17 –– 26: 26: 308°°°°-313°°°° Ls
Rolf MeierRolf Meier
Local Dust Storm(s) … 26 Oct – 1 Nov, 2005
313°°°°-317°°°° Ls
Max long axis ≅≅≅≅ 1360 Km
1.4 x 106 Km2
Oct. 27, 2005
Oct. 28, 2005
Oct. 29, 2005
Oct. 30, 2005
Oct. 31, 2005
Nov. 1, 2005
2005: Oct. 26 2005: Oct. 26 -- Nov. 1Nov. 12005: Oct. 26 2005: Oct. 26 –– Nov. 1: Nov. 1: 313°°°°-317°°°° Ls
R. Schmude
3 STORMS: Oct 13 – Nov 1
… Maybe just one storm with multiple foci … ?
2005: Nov. 22 2005: Nov. 22 –– 23: 23: 328°°°°-329°°°° Ls
Localized Storm
Albedo FeaturesAlbedo Features
1941 1956 1971 1986
Solis Lacus
Lowell
Parker
P
Parker
Serpentis 2003
Serpentis 2003
2-8 July, 2003: 214°°°° - 218°°°° LS
13-30 Dec, 2003: 315°°°° - 325°°°° LS
Aug. 2003 D. Parker
Tharsis Volcanoes
OLYMPUS MONS, 2005OLYMPUS MONS, 2005
400 miles
17 miles
Sept 4, 2005Sept 4, 2005 Nov 7, 2005Nov 7, 2005
“Opposition Effect”“Opposition Effect”
Olympus Mons:Olympus Mons:
Adrian JonesAdrian Jones
Phobos and Deimos
Adrian JonesAdrian Jones
Opportunity Lander:Opportunity Lander:
“HOLD STILL, LARRY … IT’S TAKING ANOTHER PICTURE”“HOLD STILL, LARRY … IT’S TAKING ANOTHER PICTURE”
Solar Eclipse by Phobos as seen by Opportunity