Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 1

ZOONOTIC DISEASESTartu

10.3.-11.3.2004

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 2

DEFINITION

diseases from animals to humans or visa versa

directly from animals by inhalation, contact or bites

indirectly by contaminated soil or other material

by vectors (insects)

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 3

IMPORTANCE in industrialised countries by

food or drinks (water, milk etc) as occupational diseases rare

– in animal contact– in environments where animals

are

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 4

IN EU Council Directive 92/117/EEC:

– yearly report on the zoonoses situation in the country

the following is based on the Finnish zoonoses report in 1995 - 1999

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 5

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS (BOVINE TBC)

TBC free status of bovine herds– eradicated in 1960´s for the most part– latest detection 1982

no TBC isolated from deer, swine or zoo animals in 2002

in man M. bovis found 0-1 times a year

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 6

BRUCELLOSIS brucellosis free status of bovine herds latest case in cattle in 1960 brucellosis free status of ovine (sheep)

and caprine (coat) herds– never recorded in Finland

porcine brucellosis has been recorded in Finland

0-2 human cases a year; mostly from food eaten abroad

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 7

SALMONELLA in 2002 found in two broiler breeding

flocks and in one turkey breeding flock no cases in egg production in 9 herds of cattle none in swine in man 500 - 1 300 domestic cases

yearly; 2500 - 3500 abroad no occupational cases known

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 8

TRICHINELLA

trichinellosis has been detected in a few domestic swine every year during the last 20 years

in 2002 two cases in over 2 million samples none found in horses two in farmed wild boars in wild animals 55 positive of 296 samples no human cases in 2002

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 9

RABIES since 1991 Finland is free of rabies no positive cases in 2002 vaccination programme:

– to immunise wild animals coming from Russia

– 80 000 immunisation baits spread by plane in south-eastern border area of 250 km long and 20-30 km wide

no human cases

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 10

LISTEROSIS listed as a zoonotic disease even if it is

mostly a microbe of the soil for animals Listeria rarely causes diseases importance in food-chain:

– it can grow in temperatures found in refrigerators commonly found in soil and animal faeces commonly by food, very rarely by direct

contact to sick animal

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 11

YERSINOSIS the third most common cause of bacterial

gastrointestinal infections (after Campylobacter and Salmonella)

2002 695 cases reported by food or drinks according to the serologic studies

occupational exposure is evident, but clinical disease?

Occupational nature no shown

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 12

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS

found in reindeer close to the Russian border and from imported horses

in 2002 in 21 reindeer out of 65 358 samples tested

none found in cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, pigs, horses or moose in 2002

no human cases in 2002

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 13

TOXOPLASMOSIS found in cats, wild animals etc causes abortions and malformations in

humans 34 human cases reported in 2002 it has been estimated that each year about

50 children are borne with toxoplasmosis no reported cases as an occupational

disease in Finland

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 14

EHEC 1 definition disputable verocytotoxic E. coli (serotype O157) new cattle is the main reservoir animals are not effected in 1997 1,3 % of all herds were

positive

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 15

EHEC 2 EHEC dies in heating but can survive

freezing and stands well acid environment (German type sausages)

in humans the toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) causes the symptoms

hemorrhagic diarrhoea mortality 5 % in children under 5 y

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 16

EHEC 3 in the beginning 1990 only a few

sporadic cases from abroad in 1996-1997 the disease spread to

Finland in 2002 at slaughter 9 positive samples

out of 195 17 human cases

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 17

EHEC 4 not known occupational diseases but cases of children living in farms

have been reported children living in farms are in risk

Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004 18

ERYSIPELOTHRIX common microbe in soil causes typical disease in swine about 5000 cases in swine yearly in abattoirs and in farms can be an

occupational diseases:– causes skin infection in damaged skin

septic form rare