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Markets and Economic
and Economic Research
Centre
Research
SOUTH AFRICAN FRUIT TRADE FLOW
Compiled by Heidi Phahlane
Table of Contents
1. Background ................................
2. Overview of the pineapple season
2.1 Global pineapple production season 2012/2013
2.2 Global pineapple trade
2.3 South Africa’s pineapple production in the 2012/2013 season
2.4 South Africa’s pineapples export and domestic market sales
3 Preview of the watermelon
3.1 Global watermelon production
3.2 South Africa’s watermelon production season
3.3 Global watermelon trade
3.4 South African watermelon exports
3.5 Watermelon fruit sales in the domestic markets
4. Overview of the Paw paw/Papaya season
4.1 Global production of the paw paw season
4.2 Global Paw paw trade
4.3 South Africa’s paw paw production season
4.4 South Africa’s domestic market and exports of Paw paw
REFERENCES ................................
USEFUL LINKS: ................................
SOUTH AFRICAN FRUIT TRADE FLOW
Issue No. 12, December 2013
Heidi Phahlane, Yolanda Potelwa and Masego Moobi
................................................................................................
Overview of the pineapple season ................................................................
Global pineapple production season 2012/2013 ................................
Global pineapple trade ................................................................
South Africa’s pineapple production in the 2012/2013 season .............................
South Africa’s pineapples export and domestic market sales ...............................
Preview of the watermelon fruit season ................................................................
Global watermelon production ................................................................
South Africa’s watermelon production season ................................
Global watermelon trade ................................................................
South African watermelon exports ................................................................
Watermelon fruit sales in the domestic markets ................................
Overview of the Paw paw/Papaya season ................................................................
Global production of the paw paw season ............................................................
Global Paw paw trade ................................................................
h Africa’s paw paw production season ................................
South Africa’s domestic market and exports of Paw paw ................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
SOUTH AFRICAN FRUIT TRADE FLOW
Masego Moobi
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1. Background
South Africa’s diverse weather and climatic conditions enable the country to cultivate and
produce a variety of fruits. The country is known globally as a producer and exporter of
citrus, deciduous and subtropical fruits. This issue of the Fruit Trade Flow looks at
pineapples, watermelon and pawpaw. The main focus is the current season’s analysis of the
performance of these fruits on both export and domestic markets, compared to the previous
season. This report also assesses the global production of these fruits and offers a
perspective on South Africa’s production and export rankings (as a share of global
production and exports).
2. Overview of the pineapple season
2.1 Global pineapple production in the 2012/2013 season
Figure 1 shows the top ten pineapple producing countries (or producers), expressed in
values and volumes. Pineapple production represents about 20 per cent of the world’s
production of tropical fruits. It is vital to note that about 70 per cent of pineapple production is
consumed as fresh. Brazil, Thailand, Philippines and China produce about 50 per cent of
world production. Over the last 50 years, world pineapple production has risen by 400 per
cent (FAO, 2013). Over the past ten years of production, Brazil has been the largest
producer, but in 2011 Thailand was the largest producer of pineapples. In South Africa, the
production of pineapples has been on the decrease over the past ten years and 2011
experienced the lowest production, at 98 511 tons (which might be linked to fertiliser
contamination). From 2011 to 2012, production increased by 10 %.
Figure 1: Global pineapple production trends
Source: FAO, 2013
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
Thaila
nd
Bra
zil
Costa
Ric
a
Phili
ppin
es
Indonesia
India
Nig
eria
Chin
a,
main
land
Mexic
o
Vie
t N
am
Glo
bal P
rod
ucti
on
Valu
e:
$1000
Glo
bal P
rod
ucti
on
Vo
lum
e:
MT
Production (MT) Production (Int $1000)
2.2 Global pineapple trade
Figure 2 shows the leading exporters of pineapples in the world. Costa Rica is by far the
largest world exporter of pineapples, followed by the Netherlands and Belgium. The leading
African exporter of this product is Cote d’Ivoire, as indicated in Figure 2. This is interesting,
considering that Costa Rica is the 3rd biggest producer. According to Costa Rica's Foreign
Trade Corporation (Procomer), exports have increased by 650 per cent since 2000, when
they amounted to $121 million. The increased export demands can be attributed to a
replacement of the pineapple variety, increased per capita consumption at the national and
international levels, which led producers with crops that were unprofitable to begin replacing
them. According to Procomer, statistics reveal that the country exported pineapple to 16
nations in the year 2000, a number that had increased to 32 different destinations by the
year 2006 and to 42 countries in 2012. Costa Rican pineapple industry figures reveal that,
with over $791 million income from the sale of fresh pineapples in 2012, Costa Rica is the
largest exporter of this fruit in the world.
Figure 2: Global pineapple export trends Source: ITC, trade map 2013
Figure 3 shows the world’s leading importers of pineapples. The United States of America is
the largest pineapple importer (26 % share of world imports), followed by the European
Union (mostly the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and France),
Japan, Canada, and France.
Figure 3: Global pineapple import trends Source: ITC, trade map 2013
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Costa
Ric
a
Neth
erlands
Belg
ium
Unite
d S
tate
s
of A
merica
Phili
ppin
es
Panam
a
Hondura
s
Germ
any
Côte
d'Iv
oire
Ecuador
Exp
ort
s '1000' o
f R
an
d
2010 2011 2012
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Unite
d S
tate
s
of A
merica
Neth
erlands
Germ
any
Belg
ium
Japan
Unite
d
Kin
gdom
Italy
Canada
Spain
Fra
nce
import
s '1
000' o
f R
and
2010 2011 2012
2.3 South Africa’s pineapple production in the 2012/2013 season
The main producing areas of pineapples in South Africa are the northern KwaZulu-Natal and
the Eastern Cape and, on a smaller scale, the Limpopo Province. It is one of the most
important subtropical crops cultivated in the country. Smooth Cayenne is the main pineapple
variety produced in South Africa (mainly in the Eastern Cape) for canning, and the Queen
variety (mainly in Hluhluwe) is also produced for the local and fresh fruit export market. The
Smooth Cayenne is used for both canning and fresh fruit. About 75 % of the production goes
to the export market. Production of the Queen variety is relatively more costly and
accordingly there is shift towards the Smooth Cayenne variety. In addition, the new MD2
variety is planted in small quantities in both regions and is aimed at fresh fruit markets, as
well as ready to eat products for export. According to DAFF (2011), 99 % of the fresh
pineapples sold in South Africa are the Queen variety.
Figure 4 shows the production trend of the pineapples in South Africa for the past 12 years.
Following the cadmium contamination experienced in 2006, production decreased from 2006
to 2012 by 5.9% Compound Annual Growth Rate.
Figure 4: South Africa’s pineapples production Source: DAFF, 2013.
2.4 South African pineapple export and domestic market sales
Figure 5 shows the distribution of pineapple production over ten years. South Africa exports
more than 9 % of its pineapple production to international markets. The cadmium
contamination experienced in 2006 has now slowly worked its way out of the system and it is
evident that exports increased by 8 % from 2006 to 2012. Processing also increased by
4.7 % from 2006 to 2012 CAGR.
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
2001/1
2/3
1
2002/1
2/3
1
2003/1
2/3
1
2004/1
2/3
1
2005/1
2/3
1
2006/1
2/3
1
2007/1
2/3
1
2008/1
2/3
1
2009/1
2/3
1
2010/1
2/3
1
2011/1
2/3
1
2012/1
2/3
1
To
n
Total production (t)
Figure 5: South Africa’s domestic marketSource: DAFF, 2013
Figure 6 shows South Africa
Produce Market from January to October in the 2013 season
seasons as at the month of October. The 2013 season’s price for pineapples sold
than that in 2012 by 12 %, and lower than the record sales of the 2011 season by 5.4
Figure 6: Comparison of price trend of Source: DAFF, 2013.
Figure 7 represents South Africa
countries and the Middle East regional markets
the 2012 season, the European markets
of pineapples.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2001/1
2/3
1
2002/1
2/3
1
2003/1
2/3
1
2004/1
2/3
1
R/T
on
Sales R/ton Exports R/T
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
6000.00
8000.00
JA
NU
AR
Y
FE
BR
UA
RY
Rand/ton
2011
domestic market trends
shows South African price trends for pineapples sold at the Johannesburg
arket from January to October in the 2013 season, compared to the two previous
at the month of October. The 2013 season’s price for pineapples sold
and lower than the record sales of the 2011 season by 5.4
price trend of pineapples for the period 2011 – 2013
presents South Africa’s pineapple exports to various markets.
Middle East regional markets are the key markets for pineapple
the European markets accounted for 52 % of the total South African
2004/1
2/3
1
2005/1
2/3
1
2006/1
2/3
1
2007/1
2/3
1
2008/1
2/3
1
2009/1
2/3
1
2010/1
2/3
1
2011/1
2/3
1
2012/1
2/3
1
Exports R/T processing R/T Production value (R/Ton)
MA
RC
H
AP
RIL
MA
Y
JU
NE
JU
LY
AU
GU
ST
SE
PT
EM
BE
R
OC
TO
BE
R
2012 2013
Johannesburg Fresh
compared to the two previous
at the month of October. The 2013 season’s price for pineapples sold is higher
and lower than the record sales of the 2011 season by 5.4 %.
exports to various markets. The European
pineapple exports. In
% of the total South African export
020000400006000080000100000120000140000160000180000200000
2012/1
2/3
1
Pro
ductio
n (
R/ton)
Production value (R/Ton)
OC
TO
BE
R
NO
VE
MB
ER
DE
CE
MB
ER
2013
Figure 7: South Africa’s total exports of Source: ITC, trade map 2013
3 Preview of the watermelon
3.1 Global watermelon production
According to FAO Stats (2011), China is the world’s leading producer of watermelon. The top twenty leading producers of watermelon produced a92.7 million metric tons in 2011commanded a production share (of the 20 leading producers) of 4.7respectively, in 2011.
Table 1: World’s leading producers of watermelon
Countries
China
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Turkey
Brazil
United States of America
20 Leading producers of watermelon total
Source: FAO, 2011
3.2 South Africa’s watermelon production season
Watermelons are a warm season horticultural crop. South Africa yielded 69
2012, which is declined from 76
produced by South Africa between 2010 and 2013. This trend shows that the highest volume
of watermelons are produced during the Oct
during Jul-Sept, and this is largely attributed to
fruit. South African watermelon production has been declining over the years
showing the leading production volumes. Between Jan
declined by 32 % (declining by 8
United Arab Emirates
9 %
Saudi Arabia8.5 %
South Africa’s total exports of pineapples per market in the 2012/2013 season
watermelon fruit season
Global watermelon production
According to FAO Stats (2011), China is the world’s leading producer of watermelon. The leading producers of watermelon produced a collective volume of approximately
92.7 million metric tons in 2011, of which China produced 75 %. Turkey, Iran and Brazil commanded a production share (of the 20 leading producers) of 4.7 %, 3.5
World’s leading producers of watermelon
2011
Production (Int $1000)
Production (MT)
7 453 542 68 893 000
370 236 3 250 000
307 566 3 864 489
250 465 2 198 624
179 987 1 688 040
20 Leading producers of watermelon total 9 801 595 92 690 817
South Africa’s watermelon production season
Watermelons are a warm season horticultural crop. South Africa yielded 69
declined from 76 631 tons produced in 2011. Figure 8
produced by South Africa between 2010 and 2013. This trend shows that the highest volume
are produced during the Oct-Dec quarter, while the least are produced
this is largely attributed to the warmer temperature requirements of the
fruit. South African watermelon production has been declining over the years
leading production volumes. Between Jan – Sep 2010 and 2013
% (declining by 8 % year-on-year).
Netherlands35.2 %
Swirtzerland16.3 %
Zimbabwe7.9 %
per market in the 2012/2013 season
According to FAO Stats (2011), China is the world’s leading producer of watermelon. The volume of approximately
%. Turkey, Iran and Brazil %, 3.5 % and 2.4 %,
Production Production (Volume% share
68 893 000 74.33
3.51
4.17
2.37
1.82
92 690 817 86.19
Watermelons are a warm season horticultural crop. South Africa yielded 69 304 tons in
shows watermelon
produced by South Africa between 2010 and 2013. This trend shows that the highest volume
while the least are produced
warmer temperature requirements of the
fruit. South African watermelon production has been declining over the years, with 2010
Sep 2010 and 2013, production
Figure 8: South Africa’s watermelon production trend Source: DAFF, 2013
3.3 Global watermelon trade
Global demand for watermelons (imports expressed in value terms) increased by 9.3 %, with
the USA and Germany leading in the importation of the product. China’s demand for the fruit
increased the fastest between 2011 and 2012, while the Netherlands declined by 2 %.
Global exports grew by 19 %, with Mexico being the main supplier of watermelon, accounting
for 23 % of world exports.
Table 2: Leading importers and exporters of watermelon in 2011 and 2012
Importers Value in R’000 Exporters Value in R’000
2011 2012 2011 2012
World 8 339 407 9 113 754 World 8 176 153 9 729 823
USA 1 685 383 2 145 347 Mexico 2 320 420
Germany 1 074 516 1 250 662 Spain 1 847 574 2 189 577
Canada 731 425 944 419 USA 833 380 1 031 220
France 449 260 561 901 Italy 490 296 657 690
Netherlands 543 190 530 291 Netherlands 556 212 575 682
China 349 433 486 919 Greece 231 673 382 698
UK 297 898 348 609 Viet Nam 626 378 829
Source: Global Trade Atlas, 2013
3.4 South African watermelon exports
South African watermelon exports increased significantly by 251 % between 2010 and 2012
(See figure 9), even though South African production volume of this product has declined.
The Netherlands is South Africa’s main watermelon destination, commanding 45 % share of
South African exports in 2012, followed by the UK (31 %) and Switzerland (9.5 %). South
Africa exported a value of R19.9 million to its 5 leading export destinations in 2012.
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Jan-Mrt Apr-Jun Jul-Sept Oct-Dec annual
volu
me in
tons
2010 2011 2012 2013
Figure 9: South Africa’s watermelon export destinationSource: Global Trade Atlas, 2013
Figure 10 shows the provinces
exports in 2012. Mpumalanga is
the value of R17.2 million.
Figure 10: South African Export regions of watermelon: 2012Source: Quantec, 2013
3.5 Watermelon fruit sales in the domestic markets
Figure 11 highlights the volumes of watermelon
South Africa in 2012 and 2013 (Jan
South Africa sold 1355.7 kg less than it did in 2012.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2010
SA
export
s R
'000
Netherlands
Mozambique
Western Cape 9%
South Africa’s watermelon export destinations : Global Trade Atlas, 2013
provinces in South Africa that were accountable for total watermelon
exports in 2012. Mpumalanga is the leading South African province, exporting
South African Export regions of watermelon: 2012
Watermelon fruit sales in the domestic markets
volumes of watermelon sold in national fresh produce markets
South Africa in 2012 and 2013 (Jan-Aug: 2013). Between January – August 2012 and 2013
g less than it did in 2012. Sales during 2012 (Jan
2011 2012
United Kingdom Switzerland
Seychelles World
Mpumalanga
Gauteng 8%
Kwazulu Natal 3%
in South Africa that were accountable for total watermelon
, exporting watermelon to
sold in national fresh produce markets of
August 2012 and 2013,
during 2012 (Jan-Aug) grew by
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
SA
world e
xport
s R
'000
Switzerland
World
Mpumalanga80%
6.3 % month-on-month, while in 2013 during the same months, sales declined by 30 %
month-on-month. In 2012, sales grew the fastest in the last quarter of the year, compared to
the first three quarters of the year. Local sales grew on average by 219.9 % in the last
quarter, while between January and September sales grew on average by 0.88 %.
Figure 11: South African watermelon domestic sales trend: 2012-2013 Source: DAFF, 2013
4. Overview of the Pawpaw/Papaya season
4.1 Global production of the pawpaw season
Pawpaw is estimated to be produced in 60 countries across the globe and large quantities
are produced in developing countries. According to FAO, Asia is the leading producing
region, followed by South America, Africa, Central America, North America and Oceania.
Figure 12 shows the production trends of Papaya/Pawpaw from 2000 to 2011. Pawpaw has
gained popularity worldwide and is now ranked as third largest (15.36 %) in total subtropical
fruit production, behind mango and pineapple. India remains the largest producer of
pawpaw, with a total amount of 418 million tons in 2011. The second largest producer is
Brazil, with a 16.1 % share, and then Indonesia with a share of 8.2 % in 2011. Over the past
few years the production of pawpaw has been rising, with a 44.3 % growth increase between
2006 and 2012. Global pawpaw production has grown significantly over the last few years,
mainly as a result of increased production in Asia.
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
ly g
row
th r
ate
(%
)
Volu
mes in
Kg
Kg 2012 Kg 2013 Growth 2012 Growth 2013
Figure 12: Production trends of the leading
Source: FAO, 2013
4.2 Global pawpaw trade
Figure 13 shows the leading exporters of
currently estimated to show a
previous season. The growing trend of
demand for healthy food products and consumer concern
Figure 13: Global leading exporters of papaya (2000
Source: FAO, 2013
4.3 South Africa’s pawpaw production
South Africa is ranked 30th
production for the 2012/13 season was estimated at 14
production trends of pawpaw
significant increase of 16.1
attributed to the favourable weather condition
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2000 2001 2002
Quantit
ies in m
illio
n t
ons
IndiaDominican RepublicDRCPhilippines
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Mexic
o
Bra
zil
US
AValu
es i
n m
illio
n R
an
d
2010
of the leading global producers of papaya (2000 – 2011)
awpaw trade
the leading exporters of pawpaw in the world. Global pawpaw
show a significant increase of 21.79 %, compared with the 3
previous season. The growing trend of pawpaw exports is attributed
demand for healthy food products and consumer concern over healthy products.
leading exporters of papaya (2000 – 2011)
South Africa’s pawpaw production
in the production of pawpaw globally. South Africa’s total
production for the 2012/13 season was estimated at 14 767 tons. Figure
for a period of seven years and the 2012/13 season showed a
%, compared to the previous season. This increase was
the favourable weather conditions and low pest/disease incidence
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Brazil IndonesiaNigeria MexicoThailand GuatemalaColombia China
US
A
Neth
erlands
Mala
ysia
Guate
mala
Beliz
e
India
Ecuador
2011 2012
2011)
pawpaw exports are
compared with the 3 % of the
exports is attributed to the increasing
healthy products.
globally. South Africa’s total
Figure 14 shows the
2012/13 season showed a
compared to the previous season. This increase was
incidence. During the
2009 2010 2011
IndonesiaMexicoGuatemalaChina
Ecuador
Jam
aic
a
Phili
ppin
es
2012
recession, pawpaw production showed a decline of 21%
costs.
Figure 14: South African papaya
Source: DAFF, 2013
4.4 South Africa’s domestic market and exports of
Figure 15 shows that 62 % of South Africa’s
leaving only 5 % for export market
imports decreased from 4 000
of pawpaw fruit products. Only 33
such as fruit juice and jam.
Figure 15: South African Papaya
Source: DAFF, 2013 and author’s calculations
Figure 16 represents South Africa’s
quantities to Saudi Arabia increased from 23
the 2012/13 season. Zimbabwe and
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2006/07 2007/08
Valu
es in m
illio
n R
and
Value
Export5%
Processing 33%
production showed a decline of 21%, which was due
papaya production trends
South Africa’s domestic market and exports of pawpaw
% of South Africa’s pawpaw production is sold in the local market
% for export markets. According to the Global Trade Atlas, South African
000 kg in 2010 to 0 kg in 2012, making the country
fruit products. Only 33 % of fresh pawpaw is processed into secondary
Papaya fruit distribution pattern
: DAFF, 2013 and author’s calculations
represents South Africa’s pawpaw exports to various markets. The exported
increased from 23 406 kg in the 2011/12 season to 40
2012/13 season. Zimbabwe and the United Kingdom showed significant decline
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Value quantity
Local market62%
Export
Processing
which was due to rising input
production is sold in the local market,
Global Trade Atlas, South African
kg in 2012, making the country a net exporter
is processed into secondary products,
to various markets. The exported
2011/12 season to 40 356 kg in
United Kingdom showed significant declines of
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2012/13
Thousand to
ns
Local market62%
36.6 % and 44.26 %, respectively,
season. The total value of the main market
R2 million for 2012/13 season
Figure 16: South African Papaya
Source: Trade map, 2013
Figure 17 shows a comparison of two seasonal price trends for
local markets recorded the highest price in October because
harvesting period. In October of 2011/12
2012/13 season, one ton of pawpaw
Figure 17: South African papaya
Source: DAFF, 2013
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Saudi A
rabia
Export
ed q
uantie
s in K
G
2010/11
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
R/ton
TON 2012
, respectively, for 2012/13 season in comparison
season. The total value of the main markets for South Africa exports
million for 2012/13 season.
paya exports per market in 2013 season
comparison of two seasonal price trends for pawpaw
recorded the highest price in October because of the commencement of the
harvesting period. In October of 2011/12, one ton of pawpaw sold for R5 992.89, while in
pawpaw sold for R6 938.53.
African papaya sold in local markets in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons.
UA
E
Moza
mbiq
ue
Zim
babw
e
UK
2011/12 2012/13
TON 2013 R/TON 2012
with the previous
ica exports was valued at
awpaw. Pawpaw sold in
commencement of the
992.89, while in the
sold in local markets in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons.
Zam
bia
2012/13
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Ton
R/TON 2013
REFERENCES
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). 2012. Local market fruit sales
data. Directorate of Agricultural Statistics, Pretoria.
Hortgro Services. 2013. Raisins and cherry fruit export data. Information and Value Chain
Division, Paarl.
South African Subtropical Growers’ Association (Subtrop): 2013. Litchi seasonal & export
data, Tzaneen.
USEFUL LINKS:
Citrus Growers’ Association (CGA): www.cga.co.za
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF): www.daff.gov.za
Fresh Produce Exporters’ Forum (FPEF): www.fpef.co.za
Hortgro Services: www.hortgro.co.za
National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC): www.namc.co.za
Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB): www.ppecb.com
South African Subtropical Growers’ Association (Subtrop): www.subtrop.co.za
South African Table Grape Industry (SATI): www.satgi.co.za
Quantec www.quantec.co.za
Food and Agriculture Organisation http://www.fao.org/docrep/
DISCLAIMER
Information contained in this document results from research funded wholly or in part by the NAMC acting in good faith.
Opinions, attitudes and points of view expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the NAMC.
The NAMC makes no claims, promises or guarantees regarding the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of the contents of
this document and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions regarding the content thereof. No warranty of any kind,
implied, expressed or statutory, including but not limited to the warranties of non-infringement of third party rights, title,
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or freedom from computer virus is given with respect to the contents of this
document in hard copy, electronic format or electronic links thereto. References made to any specific product, process and
service by trade name, trade mark, manufacturer or another commercial commodity or entity are for informational purposes
only and do not constitute or imply approval, endorsement or favouring by the NAMC.
For Correspondence:
Ms Heidi Phahlane
+27 (0) 12 341 1115
Private Bag X935
Pretoria
0001
