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MarketingoftheOfficialMusicChartsintheNordicCountriesHowsocialmediacouldimprovethemarketingofthecharts?TiiaHeikkiläBachelor’sthesisSeptember2016SchoolofBusinessandServiceManagementDegreeProgrammeinMusic&MediaManagement
Description
Author(s)Heikkilä,Tiia
TypeofpublicationBachelor’sthesis
DateSeptember2016Languageofpublication:English
36
Permissionforwebpubli-cation:x
TitleofpublicationMarketingoftheOfficialMusicChartsintheNordiccountriesHowsocialmediacouldhelptoimprovethemarketingofthecharts?
DegreeprogrammeMusic&MediaManagement
Supervisor(s)Luck,HeidiAssignedbyMusiikkituottajat–IFPIFinlandry
Abstract
TheofficialmusicchartsinNordiccountriesproduceaccuratedataweeklyandannuallyofmusicsalesnationally.Thedatachartsproduceisimportanttothelabelsandthemusicindustryingeneral.Forexample,thechartsgiveinformationofthestateoftheindustry.Forthepublicthechartsshowhowtrendschangeandwhatisatthemomentthemostpopularmusic.
Thepurposeofthisworkwastoexaminehowsocialmediacouldhelptoimprovethemar-ketingoftheofficialmusicchartsinthefollowingcountries:Finland,Sweden,NorwayandDenmark.Theobjectivesweretofindoutifthecountrieshadcreatedclearstrategiesforsocialmediachannelsusedineachcountryandhowtheyhadimplementedthepossiblestrategiesorplanscreated.Anotherobjectivewastoconsiderthedifferencesbetweenthecountriesinordertofindoutwhatcouldbeimplementedinothercountries,too.
Thestudywasqualitativecasestudythatutilizedmixedmethodsfordatacollectionlikeasemi-structuredinterview,whichhadfourparticipants.TheinterviewwasheldinHelsinkionthe26thMay2016.Inaddition,thesocialmediachannelsusedbythecountriestomar-ketthechartswereobservedforatwo-monthperiodfromJunetoJuly.
Thestudyrevealedthatthecountrieshadnotcreatedanystrategiesforthesocialmedia.Moreover,thesocialmediapresenceofthechartswaslow.Thegreatestproblemforthemarketingofthechartswasdeemedtoberesources,forexample,lackoftime,personnelandmissingsponsors/partnerships.Inconclusion,awrittenstrategyforthesocialmediawouldbeasolutionforimprovingthemarketingandthesocialmediapresenceofthecharts.
Keywords/tags(subjects)Musiccharts,socialmediamarketing,strategyMiscellaneous
Kuvailulehti
Tekijä(t)Heikkilä,Tiia
JulkaisunlajiOpinnäytetyö,AMK
PäivämääräSyyskuu2016
Sivumäärä36
JulkaisunkieliEnglanti
Verkkojulkaisulupamyönnetty:x
TyönnimiVirallistenlistojenmarkkinointipohjoismaissaKuinkasosiaalinenmediavoisiparantaalistojenmarkkinointia?
Tutkinto-ohjelmaMusic&MediaManagement
Työnohjaaja(t)Luck,HeidiToimeksiantaja(t)Musiikkituottajat–IFPIFinlandry
TiivistelmäPohjoismaissavirallisetlistattuottavattarkkaadataaviikoittainettävuosittainmyydyim-mistääänitteistämaittain.Listojentuottamadataonyleisestitärkeääsekäyhtiöilleettäkokomusiikkiteollisuudelle,esim.Listatantavattietoamusiikkiteollisuudensenhetkisestätilasta.Yleisöllelistatnäyttävätkuinkatrenditmuuttuvatjamikäonjuurisillähetkellämyydyintämusiikkia.
TarkoitusolitutkiakuinkasosiaalinenmediavoisiauttaaparantamaanvirallistenlistojenmarkkinointiaSuomessa,Ruotsissa,NorjassajaTanskassa.Tavoitteinaolitutkia,ovatkomaatluoneetselviästrategioitasosiaalisenmediankanavillejatutkiamitenmaatovattoteuttaneetmahdollisetstrategiat.Yhtenätavoitteenaolimyösverrataeroavaisuuksiasosiaalisenmedianmarkkinoinnissamaidenvälillä,jatutkiamitävoitaisiinhyödyntäämuissamaissa.
Tutkimustoteutettiinluomallahaastattelu,jossaolineljäosallistujaa.Haastattelutoteutet-tiin26.5.2016Helsingissä.Yhtenätutkimusmenetelmänäkäytettiinmyöshavainnointia,jonkakohteenaolivatsosiaalisenmediankanavat,joitaerimaatkäyttävät.Havainnointitoteutettiinkesä-heinäkuunaikana.
Tutkimuspaljasti,etteivättutkitutmaatolleetluoneetsuunnitelmiasosiaalistamediaavartenjaettäsosiaalisenmediannäkyvyysoliheikkoakaikissamaissa.Suurimmaksion-gelmaksipaljastuivatpuutteetresursseissamm.ajan,henkilöstönjasponsoreidensuh-teen.Tuloksienperusteellakirjallisenstrategianluontisosiaalistamediaavartenvoisiollaratkaisu,jokaparantaisivirallistenlistojenmarkkinointiajasosiaalisenmediannäkyvyyttä.
Avainsanat(asiasanat)Musiikkilistat,sosiaalinenmedia,markkinointistrategia
Muuttiedot
Content
1Introduction.............................................................................................................2
2StrategicSocialMediaMarketing&Branding..........................................................4
2.1Definitions.....................................................................................................4
2.2SocialMediaStrategy....................................................................................7
2.3Co-branding&Co-marketing......................................................................10
3Methodology..........................................................................................................12
3.1ResearchQuestion.......................................................................................12
3.2Objectives....................................................................................................13
3.3Methods......................................................................................................13
4Researchresults.....................................................................................................18
4.1Interview......................................................................................................18
4.2Observation.................................................................................................20
5Discussion...............................................................................................................22
6Conclusion..............................................................................................................26
References..................................................................................................................27
Appendices..................................................................................................................31
2
1Introduction
Thepurposeoftheofficialmusicchartsistomonitorthemusicsalesofanationand
toproduceaccuratedataforthepublic,labelsandtheindustryingeneralona
weeklybasis.Thechartswillalsoproduceimportantdatafortheannualstatistics
gatheredbasedonthemusicsalesoftheyear.Theofficialmusicchartsareformed
byIFPI–theInternationalFederationofPhonographicIndustryinthefollowing
countries:Finland,Sweden,NorwayandDenmark.Asaglobalorganization,IFPIaims
tosecuretheoperatingconditionsofthemusicindustryworldwidebymonitoring
anddevelopinglegislationinorderformusicproducerstohavesufficientlegal
protectionandtobeabletocompetefreelyinthetraditionalmarketsandinthenew
digitalenviroment(ifpi.fi).Eachofthecountriesgatherdifferentchartsbasedonthe
salesoftheircountry.
Theearlierstudiesontheofficialmusicchartshasfocusedmoreontheformation
anddevelopmentofthechartsindifferentcountries.Forexample,suchtopicsas
chartpositioningandpopularmusicindifferentdecades(Achterberg,Heilbron,
Houtman,Aupers2011)andhowdigitalization/filesharinghasaffectedthemusic
charts(Bhattacharjee,Gopal,Lertwachara,Marsden,Telang2007)havebeenwidely
researchedinmanycountries.Thepurposeofthisstudywastofindoutwhetherthe
marketingoftheofficialchartshadbeenimplementedsuccessfully.Incaseitwas
not,theaimwastoexaminewhyandhowitcouldhavebeendonedifferentlyin
ordertoreachthedesiredoutcomes.
TheOfficialchartshaveexistedforquiteawhilenowandtheyhavebeendelivering
informationtothepublicindifferentways.Theofficialmusicchartscanbeseenas
servicesthatoffervaluableinformationnotonlyforthepublicbutalsoforthelabes
andtheartists.Thepublicwillreceiveinformationaboutwhatmusiciscurrentlythe
mostpopularnationally.Digitalizationhasbecomeanimportantpartofall
3
businessesinthewaytheywork,communicateandconnectwiththeiraudiences
throughvarioussocialmedianetworkingchannels,suchas,Facebook,Twitter,
YouTube,LinkedIn,WordPressandInstagram.Thelistofthesocialmediaisgrowing
allthetime,duetothefactthatnewandfasterwaysofsharingcontentalloverthe
worldaredevelopedbytheprofessionals.
Inthisstudy,thefocuswasonthestrategiesandtheoriesconcerningsocialmedia
marketing.Thereweretwomainreasonsforthis.Thefirstreasonwasthatthestudy
wasassignedbytheMusiikituottajat–IFPIFinlandrywhichutilizesthesocialmedia
toimplementazerobudgetmarketingstrategyinmarketingtheOfficialChartsof
Finland.Thesecondreasonwasthedigitalchangethathaspushedthe
customers/targetaudiencestothesocialmediaforquickinformationandforthe
opportunitytointeractwitheachother.Theprinciplesofmarketinghavestayedthe
same,buttherangeoftoolsusedhasgrownexponentiallywithinthepastfewyears.
Duetothenatureofthestudy,itwasimplementedbyusingqualitativeresearch
methods,inotherwords,byobservingandanalysingthesocialnetworkingsitesused
bytheofficialmusicchartsineachcountry.Thethesisprocessalsoincludedasemi-
structuredinterviewthatwasaimedatthepersonnelforming,publishingand
marketingthechartsintheresearchedcountries.Theaimofthisthesiswasalsoto
revealwhethertherewereclearlydevelopedstrategiesthathadbeenimplemented
bythecountriesandwhethertherewasawaytoimprovethemarketingwiththe
socialmedia.
4
2StrategicSocialMediaMarketing&Branding
Changesintechnologiesandespeciallyinthedigitalareahavetransformedtheways
inwhichmarketingtriestoreachandengagethetargetaudiencesandcommunicate
tothemaboutthevaluecreatedfortheservices/products.Theoldtraditionaltools
ofmarketing(forexample,televisionandmagazines)havenotdisappeared,butthe
understandingofthenewtechnologyandthepossibilitiesthatthenewinteractive
mediahaveopenedforthemarketersisvital.Interactivemediahavemadeit
possibletoengageandinteractwithusersinawaythatrequirestheusers’inputs
(Investopedia).Theseinteractivemedia,suchassocialnetworkingsites,are
discussedbelowwiththemarketingperspective.
ThedevelopmentofWeb2.0(WorldWideWeb)hastransformedone-way-
communicationintotwo-way-communication.Thishasalsogivenpeoplethe
freedomtoconnectwitheachotherontheWeb.Inotherwords,thesparkforthe
socialmediacamefromthedevelopmentofWeb2.0.Thisgaveanopportunityto
multiplenetworkingchannelstodevelop.Suddenly,peoplewereabletodiscusswith
othersfromtheirhomecomputers,whichthenlateronspreadtomobiledevices.
Nowin2016,nearly80%ofthetimepeopleuseonsocialmediaisusedonmobile
applications(Sterling2016).Moreover,fromthemarketingperspective,the
developmentsintheinteractivemediahavechangedthewaymarketing
professionalscommunicateandengagewiththeiraudiencesbyopeningstraight
accesstocustomersandtheiropinions(Smith&Zook2011).
2.1Definitions
TheactualdefinitionofthesocialmediabyKotler,Keller,Brady,Goodmanand
Hansen(2012)is“agroupofinternet-basedapplicationsthatbuildontheideological
andtechologicalfoundationsofWeb2.0andthatallowthecreationandexchangeof
user-generatedcontent.”Thedefinitionofsocialnetworkinginthesamebookis“the
5
groupingofindividualsintospecificgroups,likesmallrularcommunitiesora
neighbourhoodsubdivision,mostlycarriedout,initsmostpopularform,online.”
(Kotleretal.2012).Onsocialmediaandthenetworkingchannels,theusersareable
toconnect,shareanddiscusstheirinterestswithlike-mindedpeopleallaroundthe
world(Barefoot&Szabo2010).
Eventhough,thesocialmediahavechangedthewaysmarketerscommunicateand
engagewithcustomers,thecoreideasofmarketinghavenotchangedradicallyover
thepastyears.However,thetoolsusedinmarketinghaveexpandedinduringthe
lastfewyears.Especiallythesocialmediaasamarketingtoolhavebecomeoneof
themostwidely-usedinmarketingamongindustries.Theleadingsocialnetworks
havebeenrankedeveryyearbasedontheactiveaccounts.Facebookisthebiggest
ofthenetworkingsites,buttherearealsootherpopularsites,suchas:Twitter,
Whatsapp,Tumblr,Pinterest,Instagram,SnapchatandLinkedIn(Statista2016).
Beforedefiningwhatsocialmediamarketingis,thetermmarketingshouldbe
defined.PhilipKotler(2013)definesmarketingasfollows:“Marketingisthescience
andartofexploring,creating,anddeliveringvaluetosatisfytheneedsofatarget
marketataprofit.”
Hehasalsostatedthemostimportantconceptsofmarketingtobe“segmentation,
targeting,positioning,needs,wants,demand,offerings,brands,valueandsatisfac-
tion,exchange,transactions,relationshipsandnetworks,marketingchannels,supply
chain,competition,themarketingenvironment,andmarketingprograms.”(Kotler,
2003).Inotherwords,marketingaimstocreatevaluetobothservices/productsand
thecompanyintheeyesofthetargetaudiences.Simultaneously,italsorespondsto
theneedsandwantsofthetargetaudiences.
Nowthatbothsocialmediaandmarketinghavebeendefinedastwoseparateenti-
ties,thefocusshouldturntosocialmediamarketing.Atitscoresocialmediamarket-
ingmeanspromotingproductsorcompaniesonsocialmediachannels.Socialmedia
marketingcanbeseenaspartoftheelectronicwordofmouthmarketing,whichis
6
betterknownasviralmarketing(Barefoot&Szabo2010).Sincethenatureofsocial
mediaisenablingpeopletoconnectwithlike-mindedpeopleandtoshareuser-
generatedcontent,itisalsovitaltounderstandwhatviralmarketingactuallymeans.
Viralmarketingisaholisticcommercialapproachbyacompanyaimingtocreatepos-
itiveconversationsamongthecustomersaboutproducts,brandsorservices.Dueto
itscheapnatureandabilitytoreachmillionsofpeoplefast,viralmarketinghasmade
itoneofthemosteffectivesocialmediamarketingmethodsamongthemarketers
(Wilde2014).Simplyput,itisaboutpeoplediscussingandsharingtheiropinions
aboutproductsorservicesthattheyhavetriedwithothers.
However,sincesocialmediahavebecomemarketingtooluseddailybythe
marketersandcustomers,itisimportantforeverymarketertounderstandhowto
harnessthesocialmedia.Ifonedoesnotunderstandthefundamentalsofthetools,
thenthosecannotbeusedtotheirfullpotential.Forexample,usingsuchonline
applicationsasFacebook,Twitter,YouTube,Instagram,Wordpress,Redditand
Linkedininmarketing,canexpandthemarketingtoatotallynewlevelbyreaching
andengagingthetargetgroupswhilemaintainingrelationshipswiththem.(CIRP
2016.)
Thesocialmediachannelsmentionedintheaboveparagraphareallbasedonuser-
generadedcontent.Theuser-generatedcontenthasgivenfreedomtotheusersof
thesechannelstopublishwhattheywant.Thecontenthasbecomeincreasingly
importantwhenconsideringthesocialmediamarketing.Socialnetworkingsiteshave
becomeaplacewherepeoplesharetheiropinions,reviews,videoswiththeirclosest
friends,familyandevenstrangers.Thecontenthasalwaysplayedabigroleinthe
marketing,butnowithasincreaseditspopularitysincecreatingjustmentalimagesis
notsufficient.Forexample,sharinginterestingarticlessimilartothecontentofa
certainpageattractsmoreattentiontothepage.Contentmarketingisdefinedas
followsbytheContentMarketingInstitute:“Contentmarketingisastrategicmarket-
ingapproachfocusedoncreatinganddistributingvaluable,relevant,andconsistent
contenttoattractandretainaclearly-definedaudience—and,ultimately,todrive
profitablecustomeraction.”Whenunderstandingthetargetaudience,itiseasierto
7
understandwhatkindofcontenttheywanttoseeontheirsocialmediafeeds.Since
thefocusisonthemusicindustryandthecharts,assumptionscanbemadethatthe
targetgroupsareinterestedinmusic-relatedcontentandthenewsthatarefreshon
thefield.
2.2SocialMediaStrategy
Strategyisoftenseenasanoutcome-orientedprocessthatsetsspecificobjectivesandgoalsforthemarketingpersonnel.Nevertheless,itisaplanthat
“integratesanorganization’smajorgoals,policies,decisionsandsequencesofactionintoacohesivewhole.Itcanapplyatalllevelsinanorganizationandpertaintoanyofthefunctionalareasofmanagement.Thustheremaybeproduction,financial,marketing,personnelandcorporatestrategies,justtonameafew.Ifwelookspecificallyatmarketingthentheremaybepricing,product,promotion,distribution,marketingresearch,sales,advertising,merchandising,etc.strategies.Strategyisconcernedwitheffectivenessratherthanefficiencyandistheprocessofanalysingtheenvironmentanddesigningthefitbetweentheorganization,itsresourcesandobjectivesandtheenvironment.”(Proctor2016.)
However,asnotedintheabovecitation,amarketingstrategyshouldalwaysbea
partoftheoverallstrategyofabusiness.Amarketingstrategysupportsthemain
strategyevenifithasitsownobjectivesandgoalstoreach.Thestrategyshouldbe
seeninabiggerpicture.Asocialmediastrategyisakeyelementtounderstanding
thesocialmediaactivitiesthatacompanyareengagedin.Italsohelpstomanage
socialmediapresence.Understandingtheneedforasocialmediastrategyisim-
portant.
Thenatureofsocialmediaisthattheyareconstantlychanging,newchannelsare
developed,newusersappear,andthewaysinwhichpeopleusesocialmediachan-
nelschangeallthetime.Creatingasocialmediastrategywillhelptoconcentrateand
focusthemarketingeffortsontherightchannels.Intheend,thestrategywillpro-
videplentyofinformationabouthowactivethesocialmediachannelsareatthe
8
momentandhowtheyshouldbe.Inthebeginning,socialmediawerecreatedfor
peopleforconnectingwitheachotherandstayingintouchwithfriendsandrela-
tives.However,socialmediahavetransformedintoasimultaneousflowofinfor-
mationandcommunication,offering,forexample,reallifenewsandconnecting
people.Foramarketerithasmeantgreatpossibilitiestoreachandengagewiththe
customers.Amarketermayreachaudiencesbycommunicatingandsharingrelevant
contentthatthecustomersfindappealingandinteresting.Thesocialmediaalsogive
thepossibilitytomanagethebrandimageandmonitorwhatisdiscussedonline.Ac-
cordingtoSchaffer,therearecertainelements,whichasocialmediastrategyshould
include:branding,content,curation,channels,frequency,engagement,listening,
campaigns,influencesandcrisismanagement(Schaffer2013).Inotherwords,the
strategyshouldhaveclearbrandguidelinesthatareimplementedonlineandstate
whatkindofcontentshouldbesharedonthechannels.Curatingthechannelsby
overseeingwhatiswrittenonsocialmediahelpstounderstandthetargetaudiences
better.
Italsoshowswhatchannelsarethemostconvenienttouseandhowtoreachmore
people.Regardingfrequency,havingatimetableoraplanonhowoftensomethingis
postedonthechannelscanhelpkeepingthechannelsactive.Inaddition,theyare
keptactivebycreatingappealingcampaignsthatencouragepeopletoconnectand
toengagetothem.
Inaddition,thereareotherwaystoimplementzero-budgetmarketing,forexample,
byhavingweeklye-mailnewslettersconsideringthecharts.(Kalb1996).InFinland,
implementingzero-budgetmarketinghasbeenutilizedgreatlybycreatingsocial
mediacampaignsinordertoengagethetargetaudiencestothelabelswhichhave
providedmaterials,suchas,newalbumsasprizesforonlinecampaigns.The
campaignshaveaimedatmakingthetargetaudiencesspreadthewordandreach
theirconnectionsthatareinterestedinthesameissuesasthetargetaudience.
Moreover,e-mailbasednewslettersaresenttothemediainordertocreatevisibility
tothecharts.
9
Forthemarketingstrategiesofofficialchartsandanyothermarketingstrategy,itis
importanttodefinethetargetaudiencesproperly.Thechallengeforthetarget
audiencesofmusicchartsisthattherangeiswide.Thereisnosinglegroupthatis
interestedinacertainmusicstyle,and,therefore,thediversityofthetarget
audiencesisgreat.Understandingandbeingabletosetoneselfintothepositionof
thetargetgroupsisvitaltoanyorganization,profitableornot.Thechartsarelike
livingorganisms,theydonotstayexactlythesameallthetime.Instead,everyweek
therearesmallandsometimesevenmajorchangesinchartpositions,suchas
numberoneoftheweek.Moreaccurateinformationaboutthechartscanbefound
onthewebsiteofIFPIFinlandry(www.ifpi.fi).
Thesechangesshouldalsobeconsideredinmarketingandtowhomthemarketingis
targetedat,alsotakingintoaccountwhatkindofcampaignsarelaunched.For
instance,ifametalbandisnumberoneoftheweek,itmeansthereshouldbea
completelydifferentsetofviewswhenpublishingit,butstillremainingloyaltothe
brandimage.Whenthinkingfromtheperspectiveofmusicchartsoranybusiness,it
isvitaltofindthetargetgroupsthatarewillingtoengageintheconversationwith
thecompany.Inaddition,conductingmarketresearchthatisup-to-datewiththe
latesttrendsofthemusicindustry,isamajoradvantageingainingnewpeopletothe
targetaudiencessincethereisalinkbetweentrendsandcharts.Whenthetarget
audienceandtheirbehaviourisunderstood,itisthemarketers’turntodecidewhich
toolstousetoreachthembest.Thisiswhenthefollowingaspecsshouldbe
considered:whatkindofcontent,how,what,whenandwhereandtowhomto
communicate.(Kotleret.al.2012).
Nowadaysmostofthesocialnetworkingsitesgivethepossibilityformarketersto
monitortheiractionsonthepagesandtoeaserecognisingthedifferenttarget
groupsthatareactiveandcreatetraffictothesites.Forexample,intheFacebook
statisticsoftheOfficialChartsofFinland,themarketerscanmonitortheirpages’
statistics.Forexample,itispossibletofindthetargetgroupsandfindinformationon
howmanypeopleandhowmanylikescertainpostshavereached,howmanyhave
engagedwiththepostsandpage(Facebook,HelpCenter,2016).Twitteralso
10
includesthesefeatures.Ithelpsthemarketertoseeanalyticsprovidinginformation
onaudiencebehaviourand,inparticular,ithelpsthemtoseewhatworkswithin
theirtargetaudience.Followingthesestatisticsgivesthemarketerspossibilitiesto
understandtheirtargetaudiencesfarbetter.
2.3Co-branding&Co-marketing
“Abrandisanintangible,legallyprotectable,valuableasset.Itishowacompanyor
productisprecievedbycustomers(ortargetaudience).Itistheimage,associations
andinherentvaluecustomersputonyourproductandservices.”(Smith&Zook,
2011).
Theabovequotehighlightswhybrandingshouldbepartofanymarketingstrategy
eveninthemarketingofmusiccharts.Brandingisnottheeasiestpartofmarketing,
anditcantakeyearstocreateasolidbrandforaserviceoracompany.However,in
somecasesitcanbedevelopquickly.Inanarticle,BasicsofBrandingbyJohn
Williams(Entrepreneur2005),itisstatedthatthefoundationforthebrandisalogo,
websites,promotionalmaterial,packingandmuchmore.“Asuccessfulisan
identifiedproduct,service,personorplace,augmentedinsuchawaythatthebuyer
orusedpreceivesrelevantunique,sustainedaddedvaluethatmatchestheirneeds
mostclosely.”(Kotleretal.2012).However,thesemustbevisuallyconsistentwith
eachothertocreateconnotationsinthemindsofthetargetaudienceswhenthey
hear,seeorreadaboutthecertainservices/products.
Williams(2005)explainsthatabrandstrategyis“how,what,where,whenandto
whomyouplanoncommunicatinganddeliveringonyourbrandmessages.Where
youadvertiseispartofyourbrandstrategy.Yourdistributionchannelsarealsopart
ofyourbrandstrategy.”Brandingiseverywhere,forexample,inthelanguageusedin
theupdateoftheservices’Facebookpages,e-mailssentandcustomerservices.The
imagethatisgivenfrominsidetooutsidemattersintheeyesofthetargetaudienc-
es.
11
However,co-brandingandco-marketingshouldbeconsideredwhenworkingwith
thecharts.Thesetermsareeasilymixedwitheachother,buttheyare,actually,
completelydifferent.Co-brandingasatermmeanstwobrandscombiningtheircom-
petenciesandreputationsinordertocreateanewserviceoraproduct.Co-branding
hasalsoproventoraiseconsumerawarenessofthebrands,qualityofthebrands,
brandequityandtheattitudestowardsthebrands.(Singh,Kalafatis,Ledden2014)
Co-marketing,ontheotherhand,asatermmeanspromotionalcollaborationbe-
tweentwobrands.Inotherwords,bothbrandspromoteaserviceoraproductfor
eachotherandintheendsharetheresultsofthecooperation.(Sibley2016).
Thinkingofco-marketingandco-brandingfromthestrategicperspective,theterms
definedonaboveparagraph,fittheco-operationsbetweenlabelsandthecharts
and,ofcourse,betweencommercialradiosandthecharts.Theco-operationsare
beneficialforbothparties,butthemajorbenefitscometothecharts.Co-operation
withthemajorlabelscanbeseenasco-marketing.Thelabelsalreadyhavesteady
existingfoundationsintheeyesoftheirtargetaudiences.Promotingthenumberone
albumoftheweekthroughthelabels’andartists’networkswidensthenetworkfor
theofficialmusicchartssothattheycanreachnewtargetaudiencesandgainmore
visibilitytothecharts.Co-marketing,however,shouldworkbothways,and,
consideringthis,theofficialchartsofferthetitleof“numberone”tothemostsold
albumoftheweekcreatingcredibilitytotheartistorbandintheeyesofthetarget
audiencesatthesametime.Thetitle“numberone”shouldbeseenasahighly
appreciatedachievement,andmarketingpersonnelshouldpayattentiontothe
brandingofthechartsinordertocreateappreciatedvalue.
Sinceco-brandingisaboutcreatingsomethingnewwithtwobrands,theco-
operationbetweencommericalradioscanbeseenaspartofit.Thecommercial
radioscanproduceradioprogramsbasedontheofficialchartsthatareofferedto
them.Inaway,thiscreatesanewserviceofferedforthepublic.
Thisco-operationnotonlygivesamajoradvantageinmarketingtheofficialchartsby
12
givingavisibilityandcredibilitytothecharts,butalsobybeingplayedonthe
commercialradiostationsthatalreadyhaveestablishedbrandsinthecountry.In
addition,thisco-operationofferstheradiosthepossibilitytocreateprogramsthat
showswhatactuallyisthemostpopularmusicinthecountryonaweeklybasis.Both
oftheseco-operationsareaboutgivingandreceiving.
3Methodology
ThepurposeofthepaperwastoresearchhowmarketingoftheOfficialChartscould
beimprovedbyusingsocialmediamarketing.ThefocuswasontheNordiccountries,
Finland,Sweden,NorwayandDenmark.Allofthecountriesdohavesocialmedia
accountsfortheofficialcharts,buttheyarenotusedtotheirfullpotentialfromthe
pointofviewofmarketing.Thereisarecognizedneedforresearchwithaspecial
focusontheactualmarketingoperationsandonhowtoimprovethesocialmedia
marketinginordertoraisethevalueandvisibilityoftheofficialchartsineachcount-
ry.
3.1ResearchQuestion
Thekeyquestiontowhichthisstudyaimedtoanswerwashowsocialmediacould
helptoimprovethemarketingofthecharts?Thesub-questionsthataimedtohelp
toanswertheabovequestionwere:
1.Isthereaclearstrategyforthesocialmediamarketingoftheofficialchartsineach
country?
2.Howhassocialmediamarketingbeenimplementedineachcountryfortheofficial
charts?
Theseresearchquestionsansweredtotheneedtoknowwhathadbeendone,and
theyalsorevealedtheweaknessesthatshouldhavebeentakenintoconsideration
13
whileworkingwithsocialmediaandthecharts.Thesehelpedtofindouthowtoim-
provefromthecurrentstate.
3.2Objectives
Objectivesforthisstudyweretofindouthowthemarketingisimplementedineach
ofthecountriesthisthesisconsiders.Italsocollectedqualitativedatafromprimary
sourcesofthecountries,thisincludedconductinganinterviewwhichwasanswered
byfiveparticipantsworkingforIFPIineachoftheresearchedcountry.Theyare
specializedinmarketing,promotionandcommunicationsintheirprofession.In
addition,thesisanalysedthesocialmediapagesusedbythecountries.
Onegoalwasalsotoconsiderthedifferencesofthepossiblestrategiesbetweenthe
countriesandhowfunctionalthosehavebeenineachcountry.Alsotofigureout
whetherthetoolsandmethodsusedintheothercountriesinthemarketingthe
chartscouldbeincludedinthemarketingdoneinFinland.
Theseobjectiveshelpedtoanswertheresearchquestionsinordertofigureoutthe
stageofthemarketinginawiderscaleofthecharts.
3.3Methods
Thestudyusedqualitativemethodstofindouthowthemarketingofofficialcharts
hadbeenimplementedandwhatcouldbedoneinordertoimprovethecurrent
state.Thisstudywasinits’coreaqualitativecasestudy.
Qualitativeresearchisusuallyseenasastudythatdealswithpeople,societiesandis
interestedinunderstandingwhyandhowpeopleinterprettheworldand
expereincestheyhaveinit.(Meririam2014)Sincethefundamentalbasisof
qualitativeresearchistofindouthowsomethingaffectssomethingorhow
somethingisimplemented,itwaslogicaltochoosethequalitativeresearchapproach
14
forthisthesis.Thiswastofindoutandtounderstandhowthemarketingactually
hadbeenimplementedthroughsocialmedia,whetherthereweredifferencesfrom
countrytocountryandwhattheweretheopinionsofthecountriestowardssocial
mediamarketing.Thisalsogaveabasisforconsideringhowitcouldbeimproved.
Thestudyusedmixedmethods,whichmeansthattherewereusedmorethanjust
onequalitativeresearchmethodtogaindata.Inthebook,MixedMethodResearch:
MergingTheorywithPractice(Hesse-Biber,Nagy.2010)isdefinedfivereasonstouse
mixedmethodsforastudy:triangulation,complementarity,development,initation
andexpansion.Triangulationmeansusingmorethanoneresearchmethodto
examinetheresearchproblem.Thisimprovesthecredibilityofthestudy’sfindings.
Complementary,ontheotherhand,aimstogiveabetterunderstandingtothe
researcheroftheresearchproblemandmakeresultsofresearchmoreclear.
Developmentisaboutonemethodcreatinganothermethod,forexamplestatistics
collectedbyaquantitativemethodcanleadthereacherstocreateanqualitative
methodtohelpunderstandtheresearchedproblem.Initiationsimplyputmeansthat
thereisapossibility,theresearchdoneraisesmorequestionstobeclearedout.This
mayalsoleadtoacompletelynewresearchaboutthetopic.Inaddition,expansion
produceexactinformationoftheresearchtopicaimingtohelpthefuturestudies.
(Hesse-Biber,Nagy.2010)
Inthischapterisdiscussedthemethodsusedinthedatacollectionofthisstudyand
theirrealiability.Observingthesocialmediachannelswasonewayofresearching
theactivitiestakenonthechannelsbytheNordiccountries.Inaddition,aninterview
wasconductedtolearnmoreaboutwhethertheyhadappliedanactualstrategyor
planforthecharts.
Duetothenatureofthestudyfocusingonsocialmediamarketingandtheonline
platformsusedbythecountriestomarketthecharts,observationwasusedinorder
toanalyzeandunderstandhowthemarketinghadbeenimplementedbyeach
countryontheirsocialmediachannels.Thisresearchmethodgoesunderthename
netnographywhichisonesectorofethnographythathasdevelopedfrom
15
anthropology.NetnographyhasbeendefinedbyKozinetsasfollows:“Ethnography
conductedontheInternet;aqualitative,interpretiveresearchmethodologythat
adaptsthetraditional,in-personethnographicresearchtechniquesofanthropology
tothestudyofonlineculturesandcommunitiesformedthroughcomputer-mediated
communications"(Kozinets2006).
NetnographystudiesthecommunitiesthatInternetuserscreatebyusingthesocial
networkingsites.Forobservingthesekindsofcommunitiesoneshouldbepartof
themand,dependingonthesubjectstudied,takepartintheconversationsorbea
passiveobserver.Inotherwords,whenanthropologystudiesgroupsandtheirbe-
haviourincertainenvironmentsinreallife,netnographystudiesthesamebutonthe
Internet(Kananen,2014).Thesocialmedianetworkingchannelsusedtorepresent
themusicchartsineachcountrycanbeseenascommunitiesinwhichpeopleinter-
estedinpopularmusicgatherinformation,shareandhaveconversationsaboutthe
musicthatisonthechartsatthattime.Theyalsoshareinformationabouttheirper-
sonalfavouriteswhilefindingotherpeopleinterestedinthesamemusicastheyare.
Whatactuallywasstudiedandanalysedofthesocialmediapageswerecontent,reg-
ularityofpostinginformationandinteractingwiththetargetaudiences,visualap-
pearanceandtheintegrityofthepagesincasethecountryusedmorethanjustone
socialmediatoolinthemarketing.
However,theobservationmethodwasproblematicbecauseofits’validityandrelia-
bility.Theresearchwasconductedunderashortperiodofatime.Theobservation
tookplaceduringJuneandJuly.Itcouldhavebeenrecommendedtohaveatleast
fourmonthsofobservingthepageinordertogetmoredatatobeanalysed.Theva-
lidityalsosufferedduetotheever-changingnatureofsocialmediaandsocialnet-
workingsites.Thisisduetothefactthat,theyevolvebasedonthecontentcreated
bythetargetaudiences,developersofthepages,marketersandeventhechangesin
themusiccharts.
Theseissuesweretakenintoaccountandthestudyfocusedontheactionstakennot
16
onlyduringtheobservationmonthsbutalsobeyondthem.Itmeantthattheearlier
activitiesofthepagesweretakenintoconsiderationwhenanalysingthemaccording
totheircontent,regularityandactivity.
Anothertoolusedforcollectingqualitativedataforthisstudywasasemi-structured
interview.Semi-structuredinterviewisanopen-endedinterview,whichisalotsimi-
lartotheunstructuredinterview.However,semi-structuredinterviewdoesfollowa
listofquestionswritteninadvancebutthereisafreedomtodecidehowandin
whichordertoaskthequestions.Forcomparison,thestructuredinterviewfollows
tightlyasetofquestionsaskedinexactsameorderfromalloftheinterviewees.This
methodisoftenusedwhenthereisonlyonechancetointerviewcertaingroupof
peopleoraperson(H.Russell.2011).
Theinterviewprovidedprimarydataforthestudy,wastargetedatpeopleworking
withmarketing,promotionandcommunicationinrelationtothechartsunderIFPIin
thechosencountries.Intheinterview,participatedfiveinterviewees,LisaCronstedt
(HeadofMarket&CommunicationsatIFPISweden,ProjectManageratGrammis),
PernilleMøllerPoulsen(CommunicationConsultantatIFPIDenmark),RoyErland
Funner(ProjectManageratIFPINorway)andTrudeLøken(Promotion/WebatIFPI
Norway)andTommiKyyrä(DeputyDirectoratIFPIFinland).Theinterviewtook
placeduringameetingheldinHelsinkion26.5.2016.Theinterviewquestionswere
senttotheparticipantsbeforehandtogetfamiliarwith.Theinterviewgaveabetter
lookatwherethechartsstandintheircountriesandwhathasbeendonemarketing
wisewiththecharts.
Analysingthedatafromtheinterviewwasdoneusingqualitativecontentanalysis
technique.InanarticlewrittenbyShannonandHsieh(2005),thequalitativecontent
analysisisdefinedasamethodtointerprettextbyprocessofclassificationof
patterns,codesorthemes.Thedatacollectedforthisstudythroughinterviewwas
firstrecordedandtranscriptedintoamorereableforminordertobeeasierto
analysed.
17
Thenextstepwastocreatethemesthatthenwereanalysedoftheinterview.The
firstthemewasproblems.Thisthemewastoanalysewhatseemedtobethe
difficultiesineachcountryfacedinsocialmediamarketingofthecharts.Thesecond
themewasopinions.Thissecondthemewastoanalysethethoughtsofthe
intervieweestowardssocialmediastrategies.Thethirdthemewassolution.Aimed
toanalysethepossiblesolutiontotheproblemsthattheintervieweesstatedunder
thefirsttheme.
Alsoqualitativecontentanalysiswasusedontheobservationofsocialmedia
channelsusedbythecountries.Thethemesusedforthiswere:Regularity,content
andvisualappearance.
Scope
Thescopeofthestudywaslimitedtothefour(4)countriesthatwereresearched.
TheOfficialMusicChartsaregatheredandpublishedallovertheworldbasedonthe
salesofthecountries.ThefourcountrieswerechosenduetointerestsoftheIFPI
Finlandrycoveringthenordiccountriesthatareinthemostsignificantroleof
publishingthemusicchartsinthenortherncountries.
Thestudywillfocusonthesocialmediamarketingsinceitisthemainfocusin
Finland.Eachofthecountrieshasbeenabletoimplementthemarketingofthe
chartsastheyhavewishedandbecauseofthis,eachofthecountriesneededtobe
analyzedseparately.
Languageoftheresearch
Thestudywasdoneinternationallyamongthecountriesthathavedifferent
motherlanguages.Theonlypossibilitytokeepthestudyreliablewastoconductthe
researchinenglishwhichisusedinternationallyinallofthementionedcountries.
18
4Researchresults
4.1Interview
Itisobviousthatthesocialmediapresenceofthechartsineachcountryhasbeen
poorforaquitelongtime.Thisiseasilynoticedwhentakingalookatthecharts’so-
cialmediapagesofeachcountryandtheinterviewrevealedthereasonsforthis.
Oneofthemainresearchquestionswaswhetherthecountrieshadcreatedastrate-
giesorplansforthesocialmediamarketing.Thediscussionrevealedthatthecoun-
trieshavenotcreatedanystrategiesfortheirsocialmediamarketing.Thechartsare
publishedonceaweekandusuallythesocialmediapageslikeFacebookareupdated
accordingtoitonceaweek.Thereisnogoalsorobjectivesforthesocialmediaor
theyhavenotgivenanyguidelinesforthelabelsorartists.
Theinterviewalsorevealedthatthecountriesdonothaveanysponsorshiporpart-
nershipdeals,whichcouldprovideincometothechartsandmaybeincreasethe
marketingbudgetatthemoment.Accordingtotheinterviewees,theyarelookingfor
newwaystofinancetheirchartsandlookingfornewsponsorshipandpartnership
deals.However,thisalsomeansthattheyneedmorereach,visibilityandmorevalue
inordertogetthepossiblesponsorstobeinterestedinsigningadeal.Poulsen
thoughtthat:“Forus,weneedtogetthecashoutformorepeople,toshowthepo-
tentialmediacoveragebeforewecanhavetheactualconversationwiththespon-
sorshipsbecauseatthemomentwedon’thavealotofreachandweneedtowork
onthatbeforeanyonewouldbeinterested…”
Thelackofsponsorsandpartnershipsalsoaffectsthemarketingnotonlybynothav-
ingmoneybutalsootherresources.Sponsorsmeansmorechannelstouseandmore
peopletodothesocialmediamarketing.
19
However,eachofthecountrieshasco-operationswithlocalradiostationsandthe
newspapersthatplayandpublishthecharts.Norwayistheonlyonethatco-
operateswiththebiggestmagazineinthecountry,VGmagazine.VGpublishesthe
chartsonits’websiteandorganizesafestivalVG-ListaTopp20inOsloandotherbig-
gercitiesinNorway.Thisfestivalisorganizedunderthebrandimageofthecharts
buthasnothingbutthenametodowiththechartsstatesLøken.Inothercountries,
thechartsarepublishedontheirwebsitesoraspecificwebsitecreatedonlyforthe
charts.
Whenaskedwhatisthebiggestissueconcerningthemarketingthechartsonsocial
media,theintervieweeswereunanimousaboutthefactitistheresources.Even
though,thereisplentyofinterestingcontentanddataconcerningthechartsthat
couldbeutilized,itisneglected.Alsowhenaskedwhetheritwouldbeagoodideato
sharemusicindustryrelatedcontentonthecharts’socialmediachannels.Allofthe
intervieweesthoughtyes.Thereareplentyofcontentthatcouldbeused.However,
thisisbecause,thereisnotimetoconcentrateoncreatingagoodplanhowtouse
thesocialmediaandactuallyimplementit.DuringthediscussionPoulsentoldthat:
“Wehadsomeideasaboutthechartsbutit’snotsomethingthatweatthemoment
prioritisethatmuch.Ithinkit’sjustduetoresourcesandtimeit’snotthatwedon’t
thinkithaspotentialbutwejust…ifwereallywanttodosomethingwithsocialme-
diathenweprobablywouldneedsomekindofsocialmediaagencytohirethemfor
aperiodandtransformitbecausewearenotsocialmediaexpertsandwedon’thave
thetimeandresourcestodoitourselves...sobutifwehadsomeexpertssothen
definitely.”Inotherwords,socialmediamarketingdoestaketimeandpersonnel,
whichthecountriesdonothaveatthemoment.
Duringtheinterview,itwasdiscussedwhichsocialmediaplatformsarethemost
popularineachcountry.Theresultdidnotdifferfromcountrytocountry,Instagram,
SnapchatandFacebookwererecognisedamongtheintervieweestobethemost
usedintheircountries.FacebookseemstobethebiggestofthemallandSnapchatis
risingrapidly.However,Cronstedtarguesthatusingallofthesocialmediachannels
isamustandthatthechannelsshouldbelinkedtoeachothertomaximizethe
20
reach.
AccordingtoRoyFunner,thechartshavelosttheirvalueinNorway.Itisnotjust
Norwaystrugglingwiththisproblembutitcanalsoberelatedtotheothercountries
aswell.Inaddition,sincethecoreofsocialmediaistoshare,discussandconnect
withpeople,healsoquestionsthefact,iftheofficialchartsareactuallyevenatopic
onsocialmedia.Thereisnoavisiblebenefitofthesocialmediaatthemomentfor
thechartsfromvalueperspective.However,inthediscussionalloftheinterviewees
thoughtthatsocialmediacouldbenefitthechartsiftherewasresourcestoimple-
mentittothemarketingsomehow.
Theinterviewmadeitclearthat,thechartsaremainlyimportanttothemusicindus-
tryandartists.PernilleMøllerPoulsenstated:“Itismoreimportantthatweengage
artistsandlabels,maybeconcertplaces,likethinkoutofabox,thinkwhowouldbe
interestedintalkingaboutthechartsandmaybeitislessimportanthowmuchactivi-
tywehave.”
Whendiscussingabouttheengagementandtheactivityofthesocialmediapagesof
charts.Artistsandlabelsaretheonesthataremostinfluentialandhavethemost
followersonsocialmediaintheindustryandcaneasilyspreadthewordandengage
theirfanbasestotheconversation.Oneofthechallengesseemstobegettingthese
partiestoengagetotheco-marketingwiththecharts.
4.2Observation
Thesecondpartoftheresearchwasobservingthesocialmediachannelsfortwo
monthsperiod,JuneandJuly.Itrevealedthesameproblemsthatroseduringthe
interview.Thesocialmediapresenceislowandtheusageofthesocialmediachan-
nelswasmonotonous.Itdidnotencouragepeopletoshareorcommunicatewith
eachother.Thechannelswereupdatedonceaweekwhenthechartswerepub-
lished.ThemainchannelseachcountryuseshavebeenFacebook,Twitterandthe
21
websitesofthecharts.
However,oneexceptionisNorway’sVG-ListaTopp20,whichisusedtomarketthe
festivalheldinNorway.Thisgathersthefestivalgoerstoseewhoisgoingtoperform
there.ThisisalldoneunderthechartbrandcreatedinNorwaybutdoesnotconcen-
trateontheactualchartsbutthefestivalinstead.Intheinterview,Lokenstatedthat
theyhavenothingtodowiththisevent.TheFacebookpageofthisfestivalisagood
sampleofsharingvideos,picturesandinformationofthefestivalonthechanneleve-
ryday.Thepagelooksinterestingandgathersthefansoftheartiststothepage.
TwitterandInstagramfollowthesamestyle.ExceptionisthatTwitterismorenews-
likeandInstagramtoshowtheartistsbypicturesthatwillbeperforminginthe
event.NorwaydoesnothaveanactualFacebookpageoranysocialmediachannel
forthecharts.ThechartsarepublishedonthewebsiteoftheVGmagazine,which
explainsthenameofthechartsasVG-lista.Thevisuallookiscreatedbythemaga-
zineandgoesaccordingtoits’websitevisuallook.
SocialmediachannelsthatareusedinDenmarkareFacebookandTwitter.Ofcourse,
thechartsalsohavetheirownwebsite.Thevisuallookofthechartsgoeshandin
handineachofthechannels.However,theregularityofthepostisonceaweekand
statethenumberoneoftheweekofalbums,singlesandvinyl.Nevertheless,the
postsutilizepicturesbyweeklyupdatingthecoverpictureofthepageonFacebook.
Denmarkalsolinksthewebsitetothepostsandtagsartiststhatarenumberoneon
theweek.Inaddition,Denmarkhasahashtagforthelists#HitlistenNU.
InSweden,inregularuseareFacebookandcharts’website.Onceagain,thepostare
madeonceaweek,mostlyjuststatingthenumberonesandlinkingtheposttothe
website.Visuallythepagesareconsistent.
InFinland,intheuseareFacebook,TwitterandInstagramtogetherwiththewebsite.
Thepagesareupdatedatleastonceaweekwhenthechartsarepublished.There
hasbeencreatedclearnumberonevisualsforthesitesandfortheposts.Theactivi-
tiesincludesharingmusicnewstotheartistsgettingnumberonetrophies.Themain
22
contentisthechartsandadditionalcontentcomesfromthemusicindustryandits’
latestnews.
5Discussion
Thestudyhasexposedthatthebuildingblocksofunderstandingsocialmediaand
theimportanceofhavingaclearsocialmediamarketingstrategyforthechartsis
defective.Successfulsocialmediapresencedoesnotcomewithoutresearch,good
planningandimplementation.Atthemoment,eachofthecountrieshavefocusedon
communicatingthepublicthenumberoneoftheweekonthechartswhenthe
chartshavebeenpublished,eventhoughthereisplentyofadditionalandinteresting
contenttosharerelatedtothecharts.Thiskindofcommunicationdoesnotencour-
agethetarget/possibletargetaudiencestotakepartintothediscussionandcom-
municatewithothers.Itisone-waycommunication,whichisnotrecommendedon
socialmedia.Afterall,thenatureofsocialmediaistocommunicatetogetherwith
others.Forthesocialmediachannelsofofficialmusicchartsshouldbeconsidered
othercontentthatisinterestingandtopicrelatedtothemusicindustry.Thiscould
helpthemtogaininterest,reachmorepeoplethroughengagementandgivecharts
morevalueintheeyesofthetargetaudiences.
Thepurposeofthisstudywastofindouthowsocialmediacouldhelpimprovethe
marketingofthecharts,whethertherehavebeenstrategiesthathavebeenimple-
mentedandhowthemarketinghasbeenimplementedtilltoday.Itbecamevery
clearthattherehasnotbeenanykindofstrategiesinSweden,NorwayorDenmark.
IncomparisontoFinland,wherehasbeencreatedactualguidelinesforthelabelsfor
theusageofsocialmediainordertogainmorevisibilityandfollowerstothecharts.
Themarketingofthechartsineachofthecountrieshasbeenimplementedoncea
weekmainlyusingtheFacebookpages,WebpageandTwitter.Ithasbeenstrictly
informative.
23
Itisclear,whatthecountriesshoulddo:istocreateawrittenstrategy/planthat
statesthepurposeoftheofficialmusiccharts,createamissionandvisionforthem,
analysethecurrentstateofthesocialmediachannelsused,createclearobjectives
andgoalsdesiredtobereachedwithinacertaintimeframe,forexamplemonthly
rateshowmanynewfollowersorhowmuchactivitythepagesshouldhave.Defining
thesocialmediachannelsthatareusedandhow.Creatingaguidelineforthechan-
nelsincludingtimetablewhentopost,usageofhashtags,taggingandsharing.Also
creatingvisualguidelinesthathelppeopletorecognizethemusicchartsbrandwhen
itissharedondifferentchannels.Itcancreatemorevalueandtrusttothecharts.
Theguidelinesshouldbesharedwiththelabels’marketingdepartment,artistsand
otherpartnerstocreateaclearpathtothemusiccharts.
Duringtheinterview,itwasdiscussedshouldthecountrieshavethesameguidelines
forthecharts.Atthemoment,eachofthecountrieshasbeenfreetoimplement
theirsocialmediamarketingastheyhavewished.Thechartsarecompiledofthe
salesofthecountriesandpresenttherealpositionsbasedontheweeklysales.This
makesthechartsthetrustworthiestofallthechartscompiled.Thisshouldbecom-
municatedtothepublic.Itwasdiscussedhowcreatingsharedguidelinesbetween
thecountriescouldcreateconsistencybetweenthecountriesandtheofficialcharts
brand.Ifthecountrieshadthesameguidelinesforthechart,itcouldcreatethe
trustworthiestandgrowthedesiredimageofthechartsinternationally.
Brandingshouldalsobereconsideredtobeagreatpartofthesocialmediastrategy
oftheofficialcharts.Brandingisnottheeasiestpartanditcantaketimetocreatea
strongbrandimagine.Thisiswhyforthecharts,itisimportanttounderstandwhatis
messagetobecommunicatedtothepublic.Inaddition,thinkingabouthowtodoit,
whentodo,wheretodoitandtowhomtodoit.Thebrandingofthechartsshould
beseeneverywhere,forexample,inthelanguageofthepostsonsocialmedia,the
picturescreatedandshared,e-mailssent.Givinganoveralllookandexperiencethat
isconsistencewiththebrandallthetimeisimportantincreatingtrustandengage-
ment.
24
Consideringthepossiblepartnershipsandsponsorshipsinthemarketingwisecan
improvetheimageofthemusicchartsandreachmorepeoplebygivingmorere-
sourcesandchannelstobeused.Theco-marketinggivesthepossibilitytopromote
incollaborationwithbiggerbrandsinwhichbothpartiesbenefitfromtheagree-
ment.Suchcollaborationgivesmorevolumeandchannelstobeusedinpromoting
theofficialcharts.Inadditionitcancreatetrustintargetaudiences,incaseifthe
partneriswellknownandhasalreadyestablishedpositioninthemusicindustry.For
musiccharts,suchpartnershiporsponsorshipdealcouldbedoneforexamplewith
streamingserviceslikeSpotify,radiostationsoranyorganizationthatsomehowre-
latestomusicindustry.However,thereisneedformorevisibilityandmediacover-
ageinordertogetsponsorsinterestedinthecharts.Thisputspressureontheover-
allmarketingandthesocialmediapresence.Theactivityofthesocialmediachannels
usedforthechartsshouldbesomethingtobeinvestedin,inordertogaintheinter-
estofthepartnersandsponsors.
Inaddition,themusicchartsareimportantsourceofinformationtotheartistsandto
thelabels.Forthecharts,itisimportanttohavethemusiclabelsandtheirart-
ists/musicianstoco-marketandengageinsocialmediaactivitiesrelatedtothemusic
chartsgivesagreatdealofvisibilitytothecharts.Themusiciansareoneofthemost
influentialpeopleonthesocialmedia.Thisiswelldemonstratedbythecampaign
“MusicFuelstheInternet”createdbyRIAA(TheRecordingIndustryAssociationof
America).Thiscampaignpointsoutthemostinfluentialmusiciansondifferentsocial
mediasitesbyshowinghowmanyfollowerstheyhave.Ifthinkingthisway,these
highlypowerfulpersonsdonotonlyreachhugeamountofpeoplewhenposting
somethingonsocialmediabuttheyarealsomostlikelygettheirpostsgoingviralby
thefactthefanssharethecontentwithotherfansandthecycleisready.Inthepoint
ofviewofthecharts,collaborationwiththehighlyfollowedmusiciansdoesgivea
greatamountofpublicitytothecharts.
Socialmediachannelsshouldbeconsideredaccordingtotheusageofthoseinrela-
tiontothemusiccharts,theindustryandwhatisatthemomentusedthemostof
thechannelsineachcountry.Duringtheinterview,itwasdiscussedthatthemost
25
usedsocialmediaareFacebook,InstagramandwebsitesinFinland,Denmark,Swe-
denandNorway.Thepromotingandmarketingofthechartshasbeenfocusedon
Facebook,websitesandtheradiostationsincludingthesocialmediachannelsof
those.Forthecountriesresearched,Facebook,Instagram,WebsitesandTwitter
wouldimprovethevisibilityifuseddailyoratleastthreetimesaweek.Notingthat
usingthechannelsaccordingtotheirnaturebutstillremainingtheoverallimage
createdforthechartkeepsthechannelsconsistentandkeepsthechartbrandclear.
Oneofthehardestandtime-consumingpartsistocreateavaluetoanyproductora
servicethroughmarketing.Duringtheinterview,itbecameclearthattheofficialmu-
sicchartsineachcountryhavelostalotoftheirvalue.Theofficialmusicchartsneed
plansthatarefollowedonweeklybasiscreatingclearimagewhatthechartsareand
whythosearepublished,partnersandsponsors,improveactivityonthesocialme-
dia.Whenstartingfromthebuildingblocksofthechartsandunderstandingthe
meaningofthechartsfortheindustry,artistsandindividualsconsumingmusicis
wherethevaluecreationstarts.
Thebiggestproblemofmarketingthechartsonsocialmediahasnotedtobethelack
ofresourcesliketimeandpersonnel.Creatingaplanthatgivesstraightguidelines
whentopostandwhatkindofcontentcanhelptoeasethisproblem.Notingthat,
mostofthesocialnetworkingsiteshavethetoolstomanagethepage,includingtim-
ingthepoststobepublishedonexacttimeoftheday,agoodexampleisFacebook.
Thisgivesthepossibilitynottostressaboutpostingsomethingonyourfreetime.
Thereisalsositesthatoffersuchpostingservicesonthesocialmediathatdonot
havethetimingpossibility,forexamplehootsuite.comthatoffersbusinessesatool
totimetheirpostsbutalsotomonitorwhatisdiscussedonlineandoffersanalysisof
theactivities,campaignsandsuch.(hootsuite.com)Usingsuchplatformscanhelp
usingsocialmediaagreatdeal.However,itistruesocialmediatakestimetobecome
successful.
Thereisalsowaystooutsourcethesocialmediamarketingtomarketingagencies
26
specializedinsocialmedia.However,thenthequestionismoneyandhowmuchof
thepossiblemarketingbudgetcanbeusedinthesocialmediamarketing.Thisonthe
otherhandleadstothesponsorsandpartnershipsofthecharts.Usingsocialmediais
notcheapevenitmightbethoughtso,ittakestimeandpersonneltobuildagood
socialmediapresence.
6Conclusion
Fortheconclusion,thisstudywasdoneunderMusiikkituottajat–IFPIFinlandry.It
researchedhowthesocialmediacouldhelpimprovethemarketingofthechartsin
countries:Sweden,Norway,DenmarkandFinland.Theresearchwasaqualitative
casestudy.Itwasimplementedthroughaninterviewinwhichparticipatedfiveinter-
vieweesworkingforIFPIineachcountryandbyobservingthesocialmediachannels
usedbythecountriestomarkettheofficialcharts.
Theresultsrevealedthatthecountrieshavenotcreatedstrategiesoraclearplans
howtousethesocialmediachannelstomarkettheofficialchart.Thebiggestprob-
lemswererecognizedtobethelackofresourcesliketimeandpersonnelwhenmar-
ketingthecharts.Thelackofresourceshasalsoleadtothedecreaseofthevalueof
thechartsinthecountries.
Forthefuture,itcouldbestudiedandcreatedastrategy/plan/guidelinesthatcould
beappliedtoalltheNordiccountries.Aclearstrategywouldnotonlyhelptheper-
sonneltoknowwhattodoandhowtodobutalsothelabelstogetherwithartiststo
knowhowtorefertothechartsandwhatkindofactionstotakeonsocialmedia
channels.Notonlycouldthestrategyhelpunderstandinghowtooperatewiththe
chartsbutthiswouldalsohelptoseethechartsandthepositionsofthoseinabigger
picture.
27
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Appendices
Appendice1. InterviewQuestions
1.What’syournameandhowareyouinvolvedwiththechartsinyourprofession?
2.Howdoyouseesocialmediamarketingbenefitingthechartsatthemoment?Isit
working?
3.Whatisdonerightnowinthemarketingthechartsinyourcountry?
4.Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestprobleminmarketingthechartthroughsocial
media?Isitlackoftime,resources,andinterestfromthepossibletargetgroups,
contentorsomethingelse?
5.Howhaveyoutriedtoengagethetargetgroups?
6.Whatistheimageyouwanttocommunicatetothepublicofthecharts?
7.Haveyoueverconsideredorhaveyoucreatedcleargoalsorobjectiveswhatyou
wanttoreachthroughsocialmedia?Orhaveyoucreatedaspecificguidetobefol-
lowedwhenmarketingthroughsocialmedia?
8.ShouldtheoveralllookofthechartsbeconsistentamongtheNordiccountries?
9.Thechartsrepresentthemusicindustryonweeklybasis.Whatkindofothercon-
tentcouldbesufficientinyouropinionwhenmarketingthecharts?
32
10.Doyoucollaboratewithlabelsorradiostations?
11.Doyouhaveanyothercommentsaboutthechartsandthemarketingofthose?
33
Appendice2. Secondappendice
Socialmediachannelsobserved
Norway–VG-lista
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/vglista/?fref=ts
WebsiteVG:http://lista.vg.no
Twitter:https://twitter.com/vglistatopp20
Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/vglistatopp20/
Denmark–Hitlisten.NU
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/Hitlisten.NU/?fref=ts
Website:http://www.hitlisten.nu
Twitter:https://twitter.com/hitlisten
Sweden–SverigesOfficiellaTopplista
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/sverigetopplistan.se/?fref=ts
Website:http://www.sverigetopplistan.se
Finland–SuomenVirallinenLista
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/listaykkonen/
Website:http://ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/
Twitter:https://twitter.com/listaykkonen
Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/listaykkonen/?hl=fi