1800 – 1850: ANTEBELLUM AMERICA1. MARKET REVOLUTION2. FOREIGN POLICY: NATIONALISM AND MANIFEST DESTINY3. ANDREW JACKSON AND ERA OF THE COMMON MAN: SLAVERY AND ABOLITION4. SECTIONALISM

Market Revolution

Period of growth and transformation in the American economy (first industrial revolution)

The South and the Cotton Kingdom 1793 – Eli Whitney – The Cotton Gin 1 lbs. to 1000 lbs. per day

1792 – 6000 Bales, 1801 – 100,000 Bales, 1840 – 2 mil Bales, 1860 – 5 mil Bales

Demand for Land

Slavery –1820 - 1.5 Mil-1850 - 3.6 Mil-1860 - 4 Mil

Market Revolution

The North and Industry 1791 – Samuel Slater – Textile Mill -1820 – 240 Mills in

New England Factory System and Coal Power, Interchangeable Parts

– Eli Whitney Labor: Lowell System: Women, Immigration: Irish and

German, Nativism and Know Nothings Urbanization - Tenements

Market Revolution

The Northwest: The Bread Basket Mechanical Reaper, Thresher,

and Steel Plow: Wheat and Corn Northwest Industry – Food processing and farm

equipment – Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee

Advances in Transportation Steamboat – 1807 – Clermont – Fulton and Livingston Canal Era (1820-1850) – Erie Canal – 1825

1850 – 3000 miles of canals Railroad – Baltimore and Ohio Railroad – 1830

1850 – 9000 miles of tracks

Foreign Policy: Nationalism

In the early part of the 1800s, the United States was trying to defend its lands from threats from Europeans and Native Americans. Eventually, this would grow into a demand for more land to help end these threats and improve the economy.

1803 – Louisiana Purchase – Mississippi River and Farmland

War of 1812: United States vs. Great Britain Impressments and Native America Raids

Florida : Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819 Monroe Doctrine – Latin American Wars of

Independence

Foreign Policy: Manifest Destiny James Polk: 1840s – Belief that it was

God’s will to have Americans spread across the Continent

1. Texas – War for Independence – Annexation -1845

2. Oregon – Treaty with British – 49th Parallel -1846

3. Mexican War and Cession – 1848

In 1850, California became the 31st State in the Union and Americans had spread themselves across the entire North American Continent

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b3A6CrvgdRKaiM&tbnid=EnFg6_ZuhqwDWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://education.randmcnally.com/classroom/action/viewLargerMapImage.do?mapFileName=RMC_Westward_Expansion4.png&imageTitle=Westward%20Expansion%20of%20the%20U.S.,%201803-1860&skillLevel=Elem&oid=1073911497&ei=DHKDUp32LebKsATVvoCIDw&bvm=bv.56343320,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNGLuLoqpO-Q2Nk3jLnZbGuCMmY7AA&ust=1384432465449470

Reasons for Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny Population Increase – 1780 – 2.5 million; 1830

– 12 million; 1850 - 23 million Availability of Transportation - Steamboat,

Canals, and Railroads Availability of Land and Money: Desire for

farmland (Cotton), California Gold Rush-1849 Persecution: Mormons Indian Removal Act: Andrew Jackson v.

Cherokee Indians, Worcester V. Georgia, Trail of Tears, 116 Days, ¼ Died en route to Oklahoma

Andrew Jackson and the Era of the Common Man

Increase in Democracy New voting requirements – no property ownership – 1820

– 24%; 1840 – 80% Spoils System Nominating Conventions and Electoral College

Reform Movements Temperance Education – Individual Worth

Horace Mann and Massachusetts Public Schools and Literacy Rates Republican Motherhood

Women’s Rights Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B.

Anthony Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 – “Declarations of

Sentiments and Resolutions”

Slavery and Abolition Increase in Slavery: Abolition of Slave Trade-

1808, Natural Increase, Cotton Kingdom: 1820- 1.5 Mil, 1860 – 4 Mil

Changes in Slavery in the South Plantation System and Deep South Task System vs. Gang System Overseer and Driver – Slave Codes Peculiar Institution – Cared for and

Christianized Responses to Changes:

Slave Culture – Language, Religion, Music Rebel – Slowdown, Theft, Destruction

Nat Turner’s Rebellion – 1831 - 57 Whites and 200 Blacks killed (20 were hanged)

Escape - Underground Railroad and Harriet Tubman – (40,000 – 100,000 escaped)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/slave%20collar.gif&imgrefurl=http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20103/outline%2010%20umf%20103_06.htm&usg=__xLRyvTFU3NBkYrZH1KnPU3lB2Z8=&h=255&w=336&sz=56&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=XNQk9OX-u-8nMM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=119&prev=/images?q=slave+collar&hl=en&safe=strict&um=1

Abolitionist Movement

Political movement to outlaw slavery William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator;

American Antislavery Society Frederick Douglass: The North Star,

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro"

Sojourner Truth - The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave

David Walker – Appeal American Colonization Society Free- Soilers

Sectionalism

Urbanized and Industrialized

70% RR, Telegraph wires and 2 ½ times the populations

$1.6 billion in goods Supports Tariffs Opposes Ext. of Slavery Supports Internal

Improvements Supports Federal Power

Agrarian Little means of

transportation and communication

$155 million in goods Opposes Tariffs Supports Slavery Opposes Internal

Improvements Supports States’

Rights

The North The South

Sectional Conflicts

South Carolina Nullification Tariff of Abominations Andrew Jackson and Force Act State Power v. Federal Power

Missouri Compromise Balance of Power: 11:11 Missouri and Maine 36’30’ line across rest

of Louisiana Purchase

Andrew Jackson: Criticized for abusing power in South Carolina Nullification, Cherokee Removal, and veto power.