Marine Stewardship Council Pre-Assessment Report · Marine Stewardship Council Pre-Assessment Report For the Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI) Tiworo Strait, Southeast

Confidential – Not for distribution without permission of APRI and USAID - IMACS

Version 1.1, 31st October 2013 Page 1 of 57

Marine Stewardship Council Pre-Assessment Report

For the

Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI)

Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries

Facilitated By the

USAID/Indonesia Indonesia Marine and Climate Support (IMACS) Project

Report Author: Géraldine Criquet

Client Name: APRI

Carried out by: SAI Global Assurance Service 3rd Floor Block 3 Quayside Business Park Mill Street Dundalk, Co. Louth Ireland Tel: +353 42 9320912 Fax: + 353 42 9386864 W: www.saiglobal.com

Client Address: JI. KIG Raya Selatan Kav C-5, Gresik, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Report Code: MSC Pre015 Client Contact: Arie Prabawa Report Date: 22nd October 2014

Correspondence: Orla Minogue [email protected]

http://www.saiglobal.com/

mailto:[email protected]



Table of Contents

Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 3

1. Executive summary ........................................................................................................... 4

2. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Aims/scope of pre-assessment ................................................................................ 6

2.2 Constraints to the pre-assessment of the fishery ....................................................... 7

2.3 Unit(s) of certification ............................................................................................ 7

3. Description of the fishery .................................................................................................. 8

3.1 Scope of the fishery in relation to the MSC programme .............................................. 8

3.2 Overview of the fishery .......................................................................................... 9

3.3 Principle One: Target species background ............................................................... 13

3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem background .................................................................... 16

3.5 Principle Three: Management system background ................................................... 17

4. Evaluation Procedure ...................................................................................................... 20

4.1 Assessment methodologies used ........................................................................... 20

4.2 Summary of site visits and meetings held during pre-assessment .............................. 20

4.3 Stakeholders to be consulted during a full assessment ............................................. 21

4.4 Harmonisation with any overlapping MSC certified fisheries ..................................... 21

5. Traceability (issues relevant to chain of custody certification).............................................. 22

5.1 Eligibility of fishery products to enter further chains of custody ................................ 22

6. Preliminary evaluation of the fishery ................................................................................ 22

6.1 Applicability of the default assessment tree ............................................................ 22

6.2 Evaluation of the fishery ....................................................................................... 23

6.3 Summary of likely PI scoring levels ......................................................................... 25

References ........................................................................................................................... 26

Annex 1. Provisional evaluation of the fishery against the Performance Indicators ................... 27

Principle 1 Pre-assessment evaluations tables .......................................................................... 28

Principle 2 Pre-assessment evaluation tables ............................................................................ 35

Principle 3 Pre-assessment evaluation tables ............................................................................ 49



Glossary

APRI Asosiasi Pengelola Rajungan Indonesia, Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Processing Association

BSC Blue swimming crab CW50 Size (Carapace width) at which 50% of individuals are mature DMC Data Management Committee ETP Endangered, Threatened and Protected species FIP Fishery Improvement Project FMP Fishery Management Plan HCR Harvest Control Rules IMACS Indonesia Marine and Climate support Project of USAID Indonesia MCS Minimum Carapace Size MMAF Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries MSC Marine Stewardship Council P1 MSC Principle 1 P2 MSC Principle 2 P3 MSC Principle 3 PI MSC Performance Indicator RBF MSC’s Risk-Based Framework SG Scoring Guidepost SFP Sustainable Fisheries Partnership SPR Spawning Potential Ratio UoC Unit of Certification



1. Executive summary

This report sets out the results of the pre-assessment of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries in relation to the Marine Stewardship Council’s (MSC) Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing (the “MSC Standard”). This pre-assessment was conducted by Dr. Géraldine Criquet, and was carried out using the MSC Certification Requirements v1.3 (published in January 2013). Dr. Géraldine Criquet Géraldine manages technical functions of SAI Global’s MSC Fishery Program and is an approved MSC Fishery Team Leader. Géraldine holds a PhD in Marine Ecology (École Pratique des Hautes Études, France) which focused on coral reef fisheries management, Marine Protected Areas and fish ecology. She has also been involved during 2 years in stock assessments of pelagic resources in the Biscay Gulf, collaborating with IFREMER. She worked 2 years for the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) at Reunion Island for studying fish target species growth and connectivity between fish populations in the Indian Ocean using otolith analysis. She served as Consultant for FAO on a Mediterranean Fisheries Program (COPEMED) and developed and implemented during 2 years a monitoring program of catches and fishing effort in the Marine Natural Reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls (France). Geraldine joined SAI Global in August 2012 as Fisheries Assessment Officer and is involved in FAO Based RFM and MSC fisheries assessments. Formal face-to-face meetings took place for this pre-assessment. The assessment was conducted based on information and documents provided by the clients and available to the public. However emails were exchanged with individuals involved in science and management for clarifications and additional information and documents requests. Recommendation There are several initiatives and projects (data collection at mini-plants, stock status assessment, increase the MCS to 100 mm, implementation of the DMCs) undertaken that improved the likely scores from the 2009 pre-assessment. However, the current pre-assessment identified obstacles recommended to be addressed before proceeding to a full MSC assessment. Principle 1 BSC biological data collection following the sampling protocol designed by IMACS started in August 2013 and will end in December 2015, but according to IMACS, it is anticipated that the data collection would continue after December 2015. These data have been used to carry out recently a stock assessment using the SPR assessment analysis. Results showed that the BSC stock in Southeast Sulawesi is slightly above the proposed biological limit reference point and well below both biological and bio-economic target reference points. The author of the stock assessment report advised the MCS to be increased to 110 mm.

- Data collection and stock assessment need to be made durable in order to monitor changes in the stock status over time.

- Also, there is no information on the other fisheries removal from the BSC stock. - Adoption of reference points. - Adoption of HCR. - Develop an explicit precautionary harvest strategy to protect the reproductive potential of

the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi.



Principle 2 One of the objectives of the sampling protocol designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI is to collect data (number and total weight) on incidental species. It was assumed that the catches recorded are retained, and bycatches are not recorded. However, information collected during the site visit suggests that most of incidental catches are retained either for consumption or for using as bait for traps. Sea stars are a bycatch species identified by stakeholders during the site visit. It is considered that mortality of bycatch species from traps is low, and at the contrary is high for bottom gillnets. There are no measures or partial strategy to ensure that the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries do not pose a rick or irreversible harm to retained and bycatch species populations.

- Data collection on retained species need to be made durable in order to evaluate the amount of retained species affected by the BSC fisheries, and to detect any increase in the risk to retained species.

- Collect basic information on bycatch species to identify the main bycatch species. - Implementation of measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or

irreversible harm to bycatch species populations (e.g. escape vents for traps, mesh size for gillnets).

Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. A potential for interaction of bottom gillnet with turtles has been identified. There are no measures or strategy in place to minimize interaction of ETP species with fishing gears and to minimize mortality of ETP species.

- Identification of ETP species with possible interactions with BSC traps and gillnets fisheries. - Collect information on interactions. - Develop measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible

harm to ETP species. The nature, distribution, and vulnerability of main habitats types in the fisheries area is not documented and very limited. The impact of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on habitats have not been investigated in Indonesia. There are no measures or partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to habitat types.

- Identification of habitat types of fishing grounds. - Develop measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible

harm to habitats, especially vulnerable habitats (e.g. Marine Protected Areas). Principle 3 The main fisheries authority in Indonesia is the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. However, Provincial Governments are held responsible for the management, use and conservation of marine resources in their own territory, within territorial waters. DMCs, established in 2013, provide opportunity and encouragements to all interested and affected parties to contribute to discussion regarding the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries management. Long term objectives to guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are implicit within management policy. The management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2, and seeks to ensure that perverse incentives do not arise. Fishery-specific objectives are implicit within the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries management system. There is no formal compliance, control and surveillance (MCS) for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. Research is undertaken to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC‘s Principles 1 and 2, and research results are available to interested parties.



However, there is no formal research plan that provides the management system with a strategic approach to research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

- Strengthen the coordination and consultation between the MMAF and the local government.

- Adoption of the FMP. - Strengthen the partnership and consultation between APRI and the local government. - Develop a compliance, enforcement system, and implementation of the punishments

included in the Fisheries Law at the local level.

Overall Conclusion/Recommendation On the completion of the analysis and scoring of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries against the MSC Criteria and Principles, using MSC CR v.1.3, it has been concluded that the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries are not recommended to move forward to a full MSC assessment process.

2. Introduction

This report sets out the results of the pre-assessment of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Trap and Gillnet Fisheries in relation to the Marine Stewardship Council’s (MSC) Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing (the “MSC Standard”). The pre-assessment will help in determining whether this fishery may be ready to move to MSC full assessment. This report can provide guidance only, and the outcome of a full assessment will be subject of deliberation by an assessment team and may not be influenced by this pre-assessment. 2.1 Aims/scope of pre-assessment

The principle aim of the pre-assessment is to determine, on the basis of information made available by the client, the position of the fishery principally in relation to the MSC’s Principles and Criteria. In particular, the pre-assessment will:

• Outline the key components of the fishery and determine the scope of the main certification • Identify any obstacles or problem for certification • Provide a recommendation on whether or not the fishery may be ready to move to MSC full assessment This report sets out: • The information on which the pre-assessment is based • The background of the fishery • The description of the fishery management • Other relevant fishery in the area • Key stakeholders in the fishery • Preliminary evaluation of the fishery against the MSC Principles and Criteria • Obstacles or problems for certification • A recommendation as to whether or not the fishery should move to full assessment

It should be noted that a pre-assessment of a fishery does not attempt to duplicate a full assessment against the MSC Standard. A full assessment involves expert tem members and public consultation stages that are not included in a pre-assessment. A pre-assessment provides a provisional assessment of a fishery based on information provided by the client.



The MSC Guidelines to Certification Bodies specify that the Unit of Certification (UoC) is “The fisheries or fish stock (biologically distinct unit) combined with the fishing method/gear and practice (vessel(s) pursuing the fish of that stock) and management framework”. Accordingly, the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming crab Trap and Gillnet fisheries proposed for certification is defined according the UoC: Unit of Certification 1

Species Portunus pelagicus, blue swimming crab

Geographical Area Tiworo Strait of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fishery Management Area 714. FAO Fishing Area 71, Pacific, Western Central

Method of capture Baited Trap

Management system Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Marine and Fishery Agency of Southeast Sulawesi

Client Group APRI facilitated by USAID/Indonesia, IMACS Project

Unit of Certification 2



Method of capture Gillnet



It is confirmed that the fishery falls within the scope of the MSC Principles and Criteria. 2.2 Constraints to the pre-assessment of the fishery

There were no constraints to the preparation of this pre-assessment report. 2.3 Unit(s) of certification

The fishery under pre-assessment is defined as follows: Unit of Certification 1



Method of capture Baited Trap





Unit of Certification 2



Method of capture Gillnet



The proposed UoCs was advanced by the client as the fishery they would propose to certify. Blue swimming crab (BSC) is the single target species, there are no overlapping or competing fisheries for BSC. There are no eligible harvesters represented by any other organization. Therefore it is unlikely that certificate sharing would be necessary.

3. Description of the fishery

3.1 Scope of the fishery in relation to the MSC programme

The fishery is eligible for certification and able to be assessed within the scope of the MSC Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing as:

• The fishery is not conducted under a controversial unilateral exemption to an international agreement (CR 27.4.4.1); • Fishing operations do not use destructive fishing practices such as fishing with poisons or explosives (CR 27.4.4.2); • The fishery applying for certification is not subject of controversy and/or dispute (CR 27.4.5); • There are no catches of non-target stocks that are inseparable or practicably inseparable from the target stock (CR 27.4.9).

Scope of Assessment in relation to Enhanced Fisheries This fishery does not meet the scope criteria for enhanced fisheries and it is not considered as such. Therefore MSC CRs with relation to Enhanced fisheries do not apply in the case of the Indonesian BSC trap and gillnet fisheries. Scope of Assessment in relation to Introduced Species Based Fisheries (ISBF) This fishery is not based upon an introduced species as the BSC is a native species of Indonesia. Therefore MSC CRs with relation to ISBF do not apply in the case of the Indonesian BSC trap and gillnet fisheries. Scope of assessment in relation to Overlapping Fisheries Certification Bodies assessing fisheries that have areas of overlap are required to ensure consistency of outcomes so as not to undermine the integrity of MSC fisheries assessments (CR 27.4.13). The CR Annex CI provides guidance for harmonization where a fishery in assessment overlaps with an already certified fishery. There are no other BSC fisheries within the UoCs area.



3.2 Overview of the fishery

3.2.1 Biology of the target species The BSC, Portunus pelagicus (Linneaeus, 1758), is a crustacean belonging to the family Portunidae. It is found in sheltered nearshore marine waters and estuaries throughout the Indo-West Pacific.

Figure 1. Portunus pelagicus. Source: FAO species fact sheet http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2629/en The BSC inhabits sandy and sand-muddy habitats in shallow waters between 10 to 50 m depth, including areas near reefs, mangroves, seagrass and algae beds. It is found in almost all Indonesian waters with muddy and sandy substrates and also in seagrass beds and mangroves (Figure 2). In Southeast Sulawesi, the BSC is found in sandy substrates mixed with mud in mangroves and seagrass beds areas, and close to coral reefs (La Sara et al, in prep). The BSC can also be seen near the surface or in the water column at night while looking for food.

Figure 2. Geographical distribution of the BSC in Indonesia. The light blue circle represents the Southeast Sulawesi. Source: FAO species fact sheet http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2629/en The BSW is considered as essentially a benthic carnivore. It feeds on a wide variety of sessile and slow moving benthic invertebrates such as gastropods, bivalves and hermit crabs. In the Leschenault Estuary in west Australia, the BWC feeds mainly on slow-moving or sessile macrobenthic invertebrates, such as amphipods, polychaetes, and bivalve and gastropod molluscs, and also occasionally on gobies (Cotter and de Lestang 2000). The food habits of the BSW were investigated along the coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Chande and Mgaya 2004). The results showed that main food items included molluscs (51.3%), crustaceans (24.1%), fish (18%) and unidentified items (6.6%).

http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2629/en




Large numbers of portunids frequently enter estuaries as juveniles and remain there for an extended period. Although female portunids sometimes become ovigerous in estuaries, such individuals emigrate into coastal marine waters, where they release their eggs and larval development occurs (Cotter and de Lestang 2000, de Lestang et al 2003). In contrast, the individuals of those assemblages of portunids that occupy marine embayments often do not leave these marine environments to spawn, and in cases where there is a salinity gradient, they spawn in high salinity regions of those systems. A 2003 study carried out by de Lestang et al determined the size at which 50% of individuals reach maturity (CW50) in five bodies of water on the west coast of Australia. The CW50 for male was 87.2 mm, 86.2 mm, 96 mm, 87.1 mm and 86.2 mm, in Leschenault Estuary, Peel-Harvey Estuary, Shark bay, Koombana Bay and Cockburn Sound, respectively. The CW50 for female was 98 mm, 97.5 mm, 92 mm, 86.9 mm and 86.4 mm, in Leschenault Estuary, Peel-Harvey Estuary, Shark bay, Koombana Bay and Cockburn Sound, respectively. The reproductive biology of the BSW was investigated in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi (La Sara et al, in prep). The CW50 was 119.57 mm and 108.02 mm for male and female, respectively. As a result, the authors advised that fishing of crabs at smaller sizes than the CW50 should be prohibited to maintain the productivity of the stock.

3.2.2 Description of the fishery The fishery for the BSC is widespread throughout the coastal waters of Indonesia. The areas with most potential fishing grounds are Sumatra Island (east, north and south coasts), Java northern coast and southern coast of Sulawesi Island. The BSC, locally called “rajungan”, is captured by coastal small-scale fisheries using below tonnage boats 10 gross tonnage (GT) with an average of 3 GT boats both motorized or not. In Southeast Sulawesi, crab harvesters use boats of 12 m length, 0.7 m of width, and 0.3-0.5 m of height. Some fishermen do not own a boat and a boat can be used by 2 different fishermen. The exact number of fishermen is uncertain, but is approximately 3,500. The number of boats involved in the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fisheries in 2013 was 2,311 among which 1,239 non-powered < 1 GT boats, 964 small boats with outboard engine, and 108 powered < 5 GT boats (Data Management Commission 2014). The fishing areas are located in coastal waters of the Tiworo Strait (Figure 3).



Figure 3. Fishing areas of the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi. The BSC is mostly caught with trap and bottom gillnet in Southeast Sulawesi. The fishing gear used is depending of fishing ground characteristics, but according to stakeholders met during the site visit, trap is the fishing gear the most used. The BSC is also a retained species in other fisheries such as those using trawl, trammel nets, drift nets, seine nets and purse seines. The traps used are mostly collapsible or folding traps (Figure 4), round or square depending of the locality, with a size of 30-40 cm x 30 cm x 20cm and mesh size nets of 1 inch. The trap limit is the capacity of the boat (APRI, at site visit). One fisher carries about 100-200 traps connected to a main line, with an average of 150 traps/boat/harvester (IMACS 2013). Traps are baited with fish pieces, and are usually soaked overnight.

Figure 4. Collapsible traps folded (left) and unfolded (right). Pictures by Géraldine Criquet taken at a BSC landing site in Southeast Sulawesi.



Bottom gillnets used are mono filament of 100 m length and 80 cm height with mesh size of 3.5-4.5 inches. There is no limit of the number of gillnets used, but a fisherman usually soaks 5-20 sets of nets. Soaking time is typically 11-13 hours.

3.2.3 History of the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi Prior to the 1990s, BSC was only caught for local consumption and the price was very low. In the mid- 1990s, the export market, primarily to USA markets, for the crab meat developed and growing demand for the product resulted in increasing fishing effort and production (Figure 5). The total production of BSC in Indonesia for 2012 was 39,126 t, which represented a 631% increase from 1990 (5,350 t). Figure 6 shows BSC catches (t) for the Southeast Sulawesi from 2001 to 2012. Catches were stable from 2002 to 2003, followed by a peak in 2004 at 2,079 t, the highest of the catch series. This peak was followed by a sharp decrease of 47% to 2006 with a catch of 1,096 t, the lowest of the catch series. Then catches increased to reach 1,509 t in 2009, followed by a decrease. The 2012 BSC production for Southeast Sulawesi was 1,034 t, which represented approximately 3% of the Indonesia total production.

Figure 5. Blue swimming crab catches in Indonesia, 1990-2012. Source: redrawn from FAO Production FishStat Dataset, http://data.fao.org/dataset-data-filter?entryId=af556541-1c8e-4e98-8510-1b2cafba5935&tab=data&type=Dimensionmember&uuidResource=f23ab146-4d20-4ebe-8c57-413fb3ef612f.

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Figure 6. Blue swimming crab catches in Southeast Sulawesi, 2001-2012. Source: drawn from catch data provided by IMACS. Based on last decade catch reports, there were an indication that landings/production and the average size of BSC caught have been declining. APRI was founded in May 2007 with the goals and responsibility to initiate the BSC management and formulate guidelines for environmentally-friendly fishing and constructing other initiatives to ensure sustainability of the BSC stock1. A Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) 2008-2013 was launched in 2007 under the responsibility of APRI and supported by Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP)2. The FIP applies to all BSC fisheries at national level. The main topics of the FIP are: Stock assessment, Crab Biology and Ecology, Fishery Management, Enhancement and Education.

3.3 Principle One: Target species background

A fishery must be conducted in a manner that does not lead to overfishing or depletion of the exploited populations and, for those populations that are depleted, the fishery must be conducted in a manner that demonstrably leads to their recovery.

3.3.1 Stock assessment and stock status There is no direct measurement of BSC biomass (empirical or analytical). There are no set reference points to determine the status of the Tiworo Strait BSC stock against. Data available are primarily fishery-dependent. Fishery-dependent data available Landings data are available for the mini-plants where BSC is processed.

1 http://www.apri.or.id/

2 http://www.sustainablefish.org/fisheries-improvement/crabs/indonesian-blue-swimming-crab

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A sampling protocol for BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi has been designed by IMACS (IMACS 2013) and implemented by APRI. The objectives of this sampling program are to collect biological data (length/width of crab carapace, weight, sex and maturity determination) and to estimate and record BSC total catch and bycatch species. This data collection started in August 2013 and will end in December 2015, but according to IMACS, it is anticipated that the data collection would continue after December 2015. Three mini-plants were chosen from 32 min-plants found in the surrounding coastal waters area of Tiworo Strait. The selected mini-plants are Pamadanti-South Konawe District, Kasi Pute, Bombana, and Pajala, Muna. Data collected by enumerators using forms consist of size of crab, sex, gonad maturity stage, monthly catch of traps and gillnets, and daily production of mini-plant. Data recorded are entered into spreadsheets and imported into I-Fish (Indonesian Fish Information System) for archiving and analysis. I-Fish is a web application and online database designed specifically to store, manage and report on data collected using this protocol. The Sultra Provincial Marine and Fishery Agency, supported by IMACS, established the I-Fish Data Management Committee in 2013 to collect and analyse fisheries data, and develop collaborative management recommendations3. These data allowed determining the natural mortality, growth, length of maturity and length-weight relationship that were used to assess the BSC stock status. Stock assessment and stock status The BSC stock status in Southeast Sulawesi was assessed using the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) model (Prince 2014). SPR is the ratio of the average reproductive potential of a crab over its life span when the stock is fished, compared to the reproductive potential when population is not fished. In other words, SPR compares the spawning ability of a stock in fished condition to the spawning ability in unfished condition. SPR measures the proportional reduction in reproductive potential caused by fishing. It is a function of fishing pressure (F) and the species rate of natural mortality (M) and so is effectively proportional to F/M. Size data collected from August 2013 to May 2014 using the sampling protocol designed by IMACS were used for this assessment. The SPR@Size assessment technique (Hordyk et al. 2014a and b) analysed the size composition of catch of female crabs relative to female size at maturity to assess the reproductive potential in the stock (SPR). Assessment results are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Results of the Southeast Sulawesi BSC stock assessment. Source: Prince 2014.

Sites SPR F/M

Pamadanti 14% 3.3

Kasi Pute 13% 2.3

Pajala 14% 3.3

Biological and Bio-economic SPR reference points have been proposed (Table 2).

3 http://www.imacsindonesia.com/v5/index.php/en/news/255-i-fish-indonesian-fish-information-system-

stakeholders-design-collaborative-fishery-controls

http://www.imacsindonesia.com/v5/index.php/en/news/255-i-fish-indonesian-fish-information-system-stakeholders-design-collaborative-fishery-controls

http://www.imacsindonesia.com/v5/index.php/en/news/255-i-fish-indonesian-fish-information-system-stakeholders-design-collaborative-fishery-controls



Table 2. Biological and Bio-ecological reference points proposed for the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fishery. Source: Prince 2014.

Biological Reference Points Bio-economic reference point

SPRLIM SPRTARGET SPRTARGET

SPR 10% Limit reference Point below which the recruitment is impaired

SPR 20% Target Reference Point which for biological sustainability should be the target for management

SPR 30% Target reference point which should be the target for optimizing the value of the resource

The results of the SPR@Size assessment analyse suggest the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fishery has a SPR slightly above the biological limit reference point and well below both biological and bio-economic target reference points.

3.3.2 Reference Points No limit and target reference points have been formally adopted for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi, but have been proposed following the stock assessment recently carried out by Jeremy Prince.

Biological Reference Points Bio-economic reference point

SPRLIM SPRTARGET SPRTARGET

SPR 10% Limit reference Point below which the recruitment is impaired

SPR 20% Target Reference Point which for biological sustainability should be the target for management

SPR 30% Target reference point which should be the target for optimizing the value of the resource

3.3.3 Harvest Strategy and Harvest Control Rules (HCR) The BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi is not an input (effort control) or an output (TAC, allocation) managed fishery. However, measures were implemented to protect the spawning component of the BSC stock. In November 2011, the NFI Crab Council adopted a new policy that will restrict the purchasing of berried females (FIP report 2013). In February 2014, a new regulation established a minimum carapace size (MCS) of 100 mm. However, this MCS is below the females CW50 determined by Jeremy Prince for Pamadanti and Pajala areas, which was 110.9 mm. Also, while investigating the reproductive biology of BSC in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, La Sara et al (in prep) found that the CW50 was 108.02 mm for females. Authors advised that fishing of crabs at smaller sizes than the CW50 should be prohibited to efficiently protect and maintain the productivity of the stock. However, Jeremy Prince highlighted in the SPR report that the increase of the MCS to 100 mm is a good first step toward sustainable management. He proposed that the MSC should be gradually increased to 110 mm, which is around the size at maturity for all the sampled areas.



Traps are not equipped with escape vents and biodegradable panel that could allow small crabs caught to escape and prevent ghost fishing due to lost traps. However, IMACS recently completed an experimental study on the appropriate escape events design (IMACS 2014). This study recommends that crab pots incorporate 5.0 cm x 3.5 cm escape vents, and indicates that such a design would provide a length at 50% retention (L50) of 107 mm. At present, no well-defined HCR exits to adjust management measures when reference points are approached as there are any adopted reference points. There is an on-going consultation on potential HCR and management Recommendation for the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi. A presentation was done to the stakeholders involved in the fishery in different places around Southeast Sulawesi in May 2014 (La Sara 2014).

3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem background

Fishing operations should allow for the maintenance of the structure, productivity, function and diversity of the ecosystem (including habitats and associated dependent ecologically related species) on which the fishery depends. 3.4.1 Retained and Bycatch Species One of the objectives of the sampling protocol designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI is to collect data (number and total weight) on incidental species (IMACS 2013). It is assumed that the catches recorded are retained, and bycatches are not recorded. A list of dominant species caught as incidental catch in traps and gillnets is available in the section 5.2. of the sampling protocol (Table 3). Table 3. Dominant species in incidental catches in gillnets and traps. Source: IMACS 2013.

Traps Gillnets

Phodopthalmus vigil Long-eyed swimming crab

Taeniura lymma Ribbontail stringray

Thallamita crenata Mangrove swimming crab

Thenus orientalis Flathead lobster

Nemipterus spp. Nemipters spp. Bream Epinephelus sexfasciatus (juveniles)

Sixbar grouper Caranx spp Jacks

Epinephelus coioides (juveniles)

Orange-spotted grouper

Therapon theraps Large-scaled terapon

During site meetings and BSC landing sites visit, Upeneus sp (goatfish), Epinephelus sexfasciatus and gastropods species have been identified as retained species, and sea stars as bycatch species. Bait CB3.5.5 The assessment team shall consider species used as bait in a fishery, if they are caught by the fishery under assessment or elsewhere under the Retained Species component in P2. According to stakeholders met at site visit, traps are baited with fish species such as Upeneus sp, sardine like fish, anchovy, juveniles mainly caught by the bottom gillnets.



There is no partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible harm to retained and bycatch species populations. Traps are not equipped with escape vents yet and biodegradable panel that could allow small incidental species and smaller individuals of incidental species caught to escape and prevent ghost fishing due to lost traps. However, IMACS recently completed an experimental study on the appropriate escape events design (IMACS 2014). It is considered that mortality of bycatch species from traps is low, and at the contrary is high for bottom gillnets. 3.4.2 Endangered, Threatened and Protected Species (ETP Species) Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. 3.4.3 Habitat and Ecosystem The nature, distribution, and vulnerability of main habitats types in the fisheries area is not documented and very limited. According to La Sara et al (in prep) and stakeholders met at site visit, the BSC is found in sandy substrates mixed with mud in mangroves and seagrass beds areas, and close to coral reefs, so it is assumed that fishing activities occur on similar habitats. There is no partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to habitat types. The impact of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on habitats have not been investigated in Indonesia. Results from studies in other areas suggest that bottom gillnets and traps have low to medium impacts on habitats. Sufficient information on the impacts of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on ecosystem components is not available. Measures are not in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure and function.

3.5 Principle Three: Management system background

The fishery is subject to an effective management system that respects local, national and international laws and standards and incorporates institutional and operational frameworks that require use of the resource to be responsible and sustainable.

3.5.1 Legal and/or Customary Framework The main fisheries authority in Indonesia is the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF/DKP). At national level, fisheries are regulated by Fisheries Law No. 31/2004 (2004), which underscores the importance of sustainable use of aquatic resources in the development of fisheries4, and by regulation of the MMAF No. 02/20115.

4 http://www.fao.org/fishery/legalframework/nalo_indonesia/en

http://www.fao.org/fishery/legalframework/nalo_indonesia/en



Law No. 31/2004 on Fisheries, as amended by Act 45/2009 is a major cornerstone in the preparation of a Fishery Management Plan (FMP), as Article 7 of Law 45/2009 explicitly mandates the government to establish FMP. A FMP for BSC fisheries at National level is currently in draft. Under Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Administration (1999), and in the context of the decentralization process, Provincial Governments are held responsible for the management, use and conservation of marine resources in their own territory, within territorial waters. This law was revised by Law No. 32/2004, which became the Local Government Law, directly related to the rights and authority of local Governments in the management of the sea and its contents. At International level, Indonesia is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

3.5.2 Consultation, Roles & Responsibilities There is little information on the extent and effectiveness of local Government consultation from the MMAF. Members of Data Management Committee (DMC), established in 2013, include Fishermen Associations, mini-plants representatives, local government representatives, MMAF representatives, and scientists from the University of Haluoleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. DMCs provide opportunity and encouragements to all interested and affected parties to contribute to discussion regarding the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries management. A good example is the on-going consultation on potential HCR and management Recommendation for the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi.

3.5.3 Long-term Objectives The vision of MMAF for optimal utilisation of the country’s marine and fisheries resources is one of solid, self-relying and sustainable capture fisheries by 2020. The vision will be achieved through 1) managing the fisheries resources in a sustainable manner, 2) increasing fishers’ income and welfare, 3) facilitating the readiness of fishing ports both in quality and quantity, 4) strengthening the national fishing fleet, and 5) developing competitive and efficient capture fisheries businesses.

3.5.4 Incentives for Sustainable Fishing APRI was founded in May 2007 with the goals and responsibility to initiate the BSC management and formulate guidelines for environmentally-friendly fishing and constructing other initiatives to ensure sustainability of the BSC stock6. A Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) 2008-2013 was launched in 2007 under the responsibility and APRI and supported by Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP)7. The FIP applies to all BSC fisheries at national level. The main topics of the FIP are: Stock assessment, Crab Biology and Ecology, Fishery Management, Enhancement and Education.

5 http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins107228.pdf

6 http://www.apri.or.id/

7 http://www.sustainablefish.org/fisheries-improvement/crabs/indonesian-blue-swimming-crab

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins107228.pdf


http://www.sustainablefish.org/fisheries-improvement/crabs/indonesian-blue-swimming-crab



All the IMACS projects and activities with APRI in the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fishery induced strong progress towards sustainability, and showed the willingness of the BSC stakeholders in Southeast Sulawesi to improve the BSC fishery management and to move to more sustainable fishing practices. In November 2011, the NFI Crab Council adopted a new policy that will restrict the purchasing of berried females (FIP report 2013). In February 2014, APRI adopted a new regulation established MCS of 100 mm. The policy prohibits the purchase of crabs less than 100 mm by signing companies.

3.5.5 Fishery Specific Objectives Fishery specific objectives are presented in the draft of the proposed FMP for BSC at National level. These objectives are:

1) Biological objectives: preserving the crab resource. 2) Ecological objective: protecting the environment through setting friendly-environment,

responsible crab fishing practices. 3) Social objective: increase the income and welfare of the local fishermen, and protect small

fishermen. 4) Economical objective: increase and improve the economy of local fisheries, ensure

continuity of revenue and profits from crab fishing activities, provide increased taxes, fees and foreign exchange to the central and local governments.

3.5.6 Decision-making and Dispute Resolution The local government is the main body for conflicts and disputes resolution.

3.5.7 Compliance & Enforcement The fisheries Law states punishments but it is not implemented for the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi as no local Government decree has been issued. There is no formal compliance, control and surveillance (MCS) for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. However, there are POKMASWAS (Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas or Community Surveillance Groups) that aim to protect local ecosystems.

3.5.8 Research Plan Research is undertaken to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC‘s Principles 1 and 2, and research results are available to interested parties. However, there is no formal research plan that provides the management system with a strategic approach to research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

3.5.9 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Management System There is no specific management system for the BSC. However, APRI plays a central role in the fishery management.



4. Evaluation Procedure

4.1 Assessment methodologies used

This pre-assessment report was prepared under the guidance of MSC CR and Guidance to MSC CR v1.3, dated 14 January 2013. Figure 7 shows the Default Assessment Tree used for the pre-assessment of the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries.

Figure 7. Default Assessment Tree used for the pre-assessment of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi BSC

trap and gillnet fisheries.

4.2 Summary of site visits and meetings held during pre-assessment

The site visit was conducted by SAI Global Assessor, Géraldine Criquet, on the 18th and 19th August 2014 in Southeast Sulawesi.

- A DMC meeting was held in the Swiss Belhotel meeting room in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi on the 18th August 2014. The attendees are listed in the table below.



- BSC crab harvesters have been met on the 19th August 2014 at BSC landing site.

4.3 Stakeholders to be consulted during a full assessment

Key stakeholders for the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries have been identified and include: • APRI • Mini-plants • Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries • Local Government • Fishermen Associations • DMC • Scientists from the University of Haluoleo, Kendari • WWF Indonesia • USAID Indonesia • SFP

4.4 Harmonisation with any overlapping MSC certified fisheries

In accordance with MSC CR 27.4.13 reporting requirements, there are no overlapping MSC certified BSC fisheries within the area evaluated in this pre-assessment report.



Therefore there would be no requirements to harmonize any subsequent full certification of the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries with any other existing MSC certified BSC fishery.

5. Traceability (issues relevant to chain of custody certification)

5.1 Eligibility of fishery products to enter further chains of custody

Only BSC caught by certified harvesters in the manner defined in the UoC shall be eligible to enter the chain of custody. There is no at-sea processing or transhipment of BSC catches within the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries. Once harvested, all crabs are collected at landings sites by middlemen (collector) who transports crab to processing mini-plants. The scope of this potential UoC ends at the points of landing which would be established during the course of a full assessment.

6. Preliminary evaluation of the fishery

6.1 Applicability of the default assessment tree

6.1.1 Expectations regarding use of the Risk-Based Framework (RBF) MSC CR 27.8.8 defines the criteria to be used to make a decision on whether a fishery may or may not be data-deficient with respect to one PI or more associated with Principles 1 and 2. The Table AC2 defines the criteria used for triggering the use of the RBF (see below).

Performance Indicator Criteria Consideration Notes

1.1.1 Stock Status

Can the biologically-based limits for sustainability (e.g. reference points) be estimated such that serious or irreversible harm could be identified?

Yes Use default PISGs within Annex CB for this PI

No Use Annex CC (RBF) for this PI

2.1.1 Retained species outcome & 2.2.1 Bycatch species outcome

Can the impact of the fishery in assessment on the P2 species be determined quantitatively?



2.3.1 ETP species outcome (where there are no national requirements for protection and rebuilding)

Can the impact of the fishery in assessment on ETP species be analytically determined?



2.4.1 Habitat outcome Is information available to support analysis of the impact of the fishery on the habitat?



2.5.1. Ecosystem Is information available to support Yes Use default PISGs



outcome analysis of the impact of the fishery on the ecosystem?

within Annex CB for this PI


The RBF may be used for evaluating the BSC stock status, and the impact of the fisheries on Retained, Bycatch, ETP species, Habitat and Ecosystem components of Principle 2.

6.2 Evaluation of the fishery

Principle 1 BSC biological data collection following the sampling protocol designed by IMACS started in August 2013 and will end in December 2015, but according to IMACS, it is anticipated that the data collection would continue after December 2015. These data have been used to carry out recently a stock assessment using the SPR assessment analysis. Results showed that the BSC stock in Southeast Sulawesi is slightly above the proposed biological limit reference point and well below both biological and bio-economic target reference points. The author of the stock assessment report advised the MCS to be increased to 110 mm.

- Data collection and stock assessment need to be made durable in order to monitor changes in the stock status over time.

- Also, there is no information on the other fisheries removal from the BSC stock. - Adoption of reference points. - Adoption of HCR. - Develop an explicit precautionary harvest strategy.

Principle 2 One of the objectives of the sampling protocol designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI is to collect data (number and total weight) on incidental species. It was assumed that the catches recorded are retained, and bycatches are not recorded. However, information collected during the site visit suggests that most of incidental catches are retained either for consumption or for using as bait for traps. Sea stars are a bycatch species identified by stakeholders during the site visit. It is considered that mortality of bycatch species from traps is low, and at the contrary is high for bottom gillnets. There are no measures or partial strategy to ensure that the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries do not pose a rick or irreversible harm to retained and bycatch species populations.

- Data collection on retained species need to be made durable in order to evaluate the amount of retained species affected by the BSC fisheries, and to detect any increase in the risk to retained species.

- Collect basic information on bycatch species to identify the main bycatch species. - Implementation of measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or

irreversible harm to bycatch species populations (e.g. escape vents for traps, mesh size for gillnets).

Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. A potential for interaction of bottom gillnet with turtles has been identified. There are no measures or strategy in place to minimize interaction of ETP species with fishing gears and to minimize mortality of ETP species.

- Identification of ETP species with possible interactions with BSC traps and gillnets fisheries. - Collect information on interactions.



- Develop measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible harm to ETP species.

The nature, distribution, and vulnerability of main habitats types in the fisheries area is not documented and very limited. The impact of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on habitats have not been investigated in Indonesia. There are no measures or partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to habitat types.

- Identification of habitat types of fishing grounds. - Develop measures/strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible

harm to habitats, especially vulnerable habitats (e.g. Marine Protected Areas). Principle 3 The main fisheries authority in Indonesia is the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. However, Provincial Governments are held responsible for the management, use and conservation of marine resources in their own territory, within territorial waters. DMCs, established in 2013, provide opportunity and encouragements to all interested and affected parties to contribute to discussion regarding the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries management. Long term objectives to guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are implicit within management policy. The management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2, and seeks to ensure that perverse incentives do not arise. Fishery-specific objectives are implicit within the BSC trap and gillnet fisheries management system. There is no formal compliance, control and surveillance (MCS) for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. Research is undertaken to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC‘s Principles 1 and 2, and research results are available to interested parties. However, there is no formal research plan that provides the management system with a strategic approach to research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

- Strengthen the coordination and consultation between the MMAF and the local government.

- Adoption of the FMP. - Strengthen the partnership and consultation between APRI and the local government. - Develop a compliance, enforcement system, and implementation of the punishments

included in the Fisheries Law at the local level. Overall Conclusion/Recommendation On the completion of the analysis and scoring of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries against the MSC Criteria and Principles, using MSC CR v.1.3, it has been concluded that the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi Blue Swimming Crab Trap and Gillnet Fisheries are not recommended to move forward to a full MSC assessment process.



6.3 Summary of likely PI scoring levels

Table 4 summarizes the pre-assessment scoring of the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi BSC trap and gillnet fisheries. The key, below, provides guidance necessary to interpret the awarded scores. Key to Likely scoring level in Table 6

Information suggests fishery is not likely to reach SG60 and therefore would fail on this PI

<60

Information suggests fishery will reach SG60 but may need a condition for this PI 60-79

Information suggests fishery is likely to exceed SG80 resulting in an unconditional pass for this PI

≥80

Table 4. Summary of pre-assessment scoring.

Principle Component PI

number Performance Indicator

Likely scoring level

Likely score from MRAG

2009 pre-assessment

1 Outcome 1.1.1 Stock status 60-79 <60

1.1.2 Reference points Default score of 80 as RBF

required for PI 1.1.1

<60

1.1.3 Stock rebuilding n/a

Management 1.2.1 Harvest Strategy <60 <60

1.2.2 Harvest control rules and tools <60 <60

1.2.3 Information and monitoring <60 <60

1.2.4 Assessment of stock status Default score of 80 as RBF

required for PI 1.1.1

<60

2 Retained species 2.1.1 Outcome 60-79 <60

2.1.2 Management <60 <60

2.1.3 Information 60-79 <60

Bycatch species 2.2.1 Outcome T ≥80

G 60-79

T 60-79 G <60



ETP species 2.3.1 Outcome T ≥80

G 60-79

60-79


2.3.3 Information <60 <60

Habitats 2.4.1 Outcome 60-79 60-79



Ecosystem 2.5.1 Outcome 60-79 <60



3 Governance and Policy

3.1.1 Legal and customary framework

60-79 60-79

3.1.2 Consultation, roles and 60-79 <60



responsibilities

3.1.3 Long term objectives 60-79 60-79

3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable fishing

≥80 ≥80

Fishery specific management system

3.2.1 Fishery specific objectives 60-79 <60

3.2.2 Decision making processes <60 <60

3.2.3 Compliance and enforcement <60 <60

3.2.4 Research plan 60-79 <60

3.2.5 Management performance evaluation

60-79 <60

References

Chande A.I and Y.D. Mgaya 2004. Food habits of the Blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus along the Coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 3 (1): 37-42. Cotter I.C and S. de Lestang 2000. Biology of the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus in Leschenault Estuary and Koombana Bay, south-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 83: 443-458. Data Management Commission 2014. Pengelolaan Perikanan Rajungan Sulawesi Tengarra. Presentation by Unang Abdurrauf, A. Pi, MM – Prov. Sultra 2014. IMACS 2013. Sampling protocol for Blue Swimming Crab fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. IMACS 2014. Appropriate crab pot escape gaps for the blue swimming crab fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. Milestone 6 Final Report, 30 May 2014. Prepared by CV. Mitra Bahari for Chemonics International Inc. de Lestang S., N.G. Hall, I.C. Potter 2003. Reproductive biology of the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus, Decapoda: Portunidae) in five bodies of water on the west coast of Australia. Fisheries Bulletin 101: 745-757. Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Sainsbury K., Loneragan, N., Prince, J.D. 2014a. Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. ICES J. Mar. Sci. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fst235 Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S.V., Loneragan, N., Prince, J.D. 2014b. A novel length-based estimation method of spawning poten.tial ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES J. Mar. Sci. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu004 La Sara 2014. Harvest Control Rules (HCR) and Recommendation for the Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Southeast Sulawesi. Presented in Workshop of Data Management Committee of BSC of Southeast Sulawesi. Collaboration APRI – IMACS. La Sara, Oce Astuti and Safilu, in prep. The reproductive biology of the blue crab Protunus pelagicus (Brachyura: Portunidae) in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.



MRAG America 2009. Pre-assessment of the Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Fishery. Prepared for Sustainable Fisheries Partnership and Asosiasi Pengelola Rajungan Indonesia. Pre-assessment draft report prepared by MRAG America, Inc. July 2009. Prince J. 2014. A Technical Report on an SPR@Size assessment of the Blue Swimmer Crab Fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. Project funded by USAID IMACS. List of websites APRI Website http://www.apri.or.id/ FAO Species fact sheet http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2629/en FAO Production (FishStat) Dataset, Indonesia Capture Production for BSW http://data.fao.org/dataset-data-filter?entryId=af556541-1c8e-4e98-8510-1b2cafba5935&tab=data&type=Dimensionmember&uuidResource=f23ab146-4d20-4ebe-8c57-413fb3ef612f FAO National Aquaculture and Fisheries Legislation Overview, Indonesia http://www.fao.org/fishery/legalframework/nalo_indonesia/en APRI http://www.apri.or.id/ USAID Indonesia, IMACS Project http://www.imacsindonesia.com/v5/index.php/en/

Annex 1. Provisional evaluation of the fishery against the Performance Indicators Table A1

Definition of scoring ranges for PI outcome estimates

Shading to be used

Instructions for filling ‘Likely Scoring Level’ cell

Information suggests fishery is not likely to meet the SG60 scoring issues.

Fail (<60)

Add either text (pass/pass with condition/fail) or the numerical range (<60/60-79/≥80) appropriate to the estimated outcome to the cell. Shade the cell of each PI evaluation table with the colour which represents the estimated PI score.

Information suggests fishery will reach SG60 but may not meet all of the scoring issues at SG80. A condition may therefore be needed.

Pass with Condition (60-79)

Information suggests fishery is likely to exceed SG80 resulting in an unconditional pass for this PI. Fishery may meet one or more scoring issues at SG100 level.

Pass (≥80)






http://www.fao.org/fishery/legalframework/nalo_indonesia/en


http://www.imacsindonesia.com/v5/index.php/en/



Principle 1 Pre-assessment evaluations tables For both UoCs

Component Outcome

PI 1.1.1- Stock status

The stock is at a level which maintains high productivity and has a low probability of recruitment overfishing

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Stock status

It is likely that the stock is above the point where recruitment would be impaired.

It is highly likely that the stock is above the point where recruitment would be impaired.

There is a high degree of certainty that the stock is above the point where recruitment would be impaired.

b. Stock status in relation to target reference point

The stock is at or fluctuating around its target reference point.

There is a high degree of certainty that the stock has been fluctuating around its target reference point, or has been above its target reference point, over recent years.

Justification/Rationale

There is no direct measurement of BSC biomass (empirical or analytical). Limit and target references points have been proposed but have not been adopted yet for the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi. The BSC stock status in Southeast Sulawesi was assessed using the SPR model. Size data collected from August 2013 to May 2014 using the sampling protocol designed by IMACS were used for this assessment. SPR measures the proportional reduction in reproductive potential caused by fishing. It is a function of fishing pressure (F) and the species rate of natural mortality (M) and so is effectively proportional to F/M. The SPR@Size assessment technique analysed the size composition of catch of female crabs relative to female size at maturity to assess the reproductive potential in the stock. The results suggest that the Kasi Pute area of the fishery has 13% SPR and F/M = 2.3 and Pamandanti and Pajala have 14% SPR and F/M = 3.3. Biological and Bio-economic reference points have been proposed:

- SPR 10%: Biological Limit Reference Point below which reproductive potential should not be allowed to fall in case recruitment is impaired.

- SPR 20%: Biological Target Reference Point the bottom-line target for purely sustainability concerns.

- SPR 30%: Bio-economic Target Reference Point the target for optimizing the value of the meat produced.

The results of the SPR@Size assessment analyse suggest the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fishery has a SPR slightly above the biological limit reference point and well below both biological and bio-economic target reference points. Therefore, it cannot be said that it is highly likely that the stock is above the point where recruitment would be impaired, and that the stock is at or fluctuating around its target reference point.



Biological reference points have been recently proposed (September 2014), but have not been formally adopted yet for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. Also a stock assessment was first carried out by Jeremy Prince in September 2014, and there is no available data long-series. For those reasons, the RBF would be required to score this PI.

RBF Required? (//)

YES Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail)

Pass with Condition (60-79)

Component Outcome

PI 1.1.2 Reference points

Limit and target reference points are appropriate for the stock

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Appropriate-ness of reference points

Generic limit and target reference points are based on justifiable and reasonable practice appropriate for the species category.

Reference points are appropriate for the stock and can be estimated.

b. Level of limit reference point

The limit reference point is set above the level at which there is an appreciable risk of impairing reproductive capacity.

The limit reference point is set above the level at which there is an appreciable risk of impairing reproductive capacity following consideration of relevant precautionary issues.

c. Level of target reference point

The target reference point is such that the stock is maintained at a level consistent with BMSY or some measure or surrogate with similar intent or outcome.

The target reference point is such that the stock is maintained at a level consistent with BMSY or some measure or surrogate with similar intent or outcome, or a higher level, and takes into account relevant precautionary issues such as the ecological role of the stock with a high degree of certainty.

d. Low trophic level species target reference point

For key low trophic level species, the target reference point takes into account the ecological role of the stock.


No limit and target references points have been set for the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi. As the RBF is required for PI 1.1.1, this PI will be assigned a default score of 80.

RBF Required? (//)

RBF required for PI 1.1.1

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail)

Default score of 80



Component Outcome

PI 1.1.3

Stock Rebuilding

Where the stock is depleted, there is evidence of stock rebuilding within a specified timeframe.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Rebuilding strategy design

Where stocks are depleted rebuilding strategies, which have a reasonable expectation of success are in place.

Where stocks are depleted rebuilding strategies are in place.

Where stocks are depleted, strategies are demonstrated to be rebuilding stocks continuously and there is strong evidence that rebuilding will be complete within the specified timeframe.

b. Rebuilding timeframes

A rebuilding timeframe is specified for the depleted stock that is the shorter of 30 years or 3 times its generation time. For cases where 3 generations is less than 5 years, the rebuilding timeframe is up to 5 years.

A rebuilding timeframe is specified for the depleted stock that is the shorter of 20 years or 2 times its generation time. For cases where 2 generations is less than 5 years, the rebuilding timeframe is up to 5 years.

The shortest practicable rebuilding timeframe is specified which does not exceed one generation time for the depleted stock.

c. Rebuilding evaluation

Monitoring is in place to determine whether the rebuilding strategies are effective in rebuilding the stock within the specified timeframe.

There is evidence that the rebuilding strategies are rebuilding stocks, or it is highly likely based on simulation modelling or previous performance that they will be able to rebuild the stock within the specified timeframe.


There is no evidence of the BSC stock to be depleted.

RBF Required? (//)


NS

Component Harvest strategy (management)

PI 1.2.1

Harvest strategy

There is a robust and precautionary harvest strategy in place

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100



a. Harvest strategy design

The harvest strategy is expected to achieve stock management objectives reflected in the target and limit reference points.

The harvest strategy is responsive to the state of the stock and the elements of the harvest strategy work together towards achieving management objectives reflected in the target and limit reference points.

The harvest strategy is responsive to the state of the stock and is designed to achieve stock management objectives reflected in the target and limit reference points.

b. Harvest strategy evaluation

The harvest strategy is likely to work based on prior experience or plausible argument.

The harvest strategy may not have been fully tested but evidence exists that it is achieving its objectives.

The performance of the harvest strategy has been fully evaluated and evidence exists to show that it is achieving its objectives including being clearly able to maintain stocks at target levels.

c. Harvest strategy monitoring

Monitoring is in place that is expected to determine whether the harvest strategy is working.

d. Harvest strategy review

The harvest strategy is periodically reviewed and improved as necessary.

e. Shark finning (only score if the target species is a shark)

It is likely that shark fining is not taking place.

It is highly likely that shark finning is not taking place.

There is a high degree of certainty that shark finning is not taking place.




The BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi is not an input (effort control) or an output (TAC, allocation) managed fishery. However, measures were implemented to protect the spawning component of the BSC stock. In November 2011, the NFI Crab Council adopted a new policy that will restrict the purchasing of berried females (FIP report 2013). In February 2014, a new regulation established a minimum carapace size (MCS) of 100 mm. However, this MCS is below the females CW50 determined by Jeremy Prince for Pamadanti and Pajala areas, which was 110.9 mm. Also, while investigating the reproductive biology of BSC in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, La Sara et al (in prep) found that the CW50 was 108.02 mm for females. Authors advised that fishing of crabs at smaller sizes than the CW50 should be prohibited to efficiently protect and maintain the productivity of the stock. However, Jeremy Prince highlighted in the SPR report that the increase of the MCS to 100 mm is a good first step toward sustainable management. He proposed that the MSC should be gradually increased to 110 mm, which is around the size at maturity for all the sampled areas. At present, no well-defined HCR exits to adjust management measures when reference points are approached as there are any adopted reference points. There is an on-going consultation on potential HCR and management Recommendation for the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi. A presentation was done to the stakeholders involved in the fishery in different places around Southeast Sulawesi in May 2014 (La Sara 2014). A standardized sampling protocol has designed for the BSC fisheries, biological and catches data collection started in August 2013 but will end in December 2015, but according to IMACS, it is anticipated that the data collection would continue after December 2015. Data collected were used to determine the BSC stock status using the SPR model. Overall, it can’t be said that an explicit management strategy is in place for the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Fail (<60)

Component Harvest strategy

PI 1.2.2

Harvest control rules and tools

There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Harvest control rules design and application

Generally understood harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and which act to reduce the exploitation rate as limit reference points are approached.

Well defined harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached.

Well defined harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached.



b. Harvest control rules account for uncertainty

The selection of the harvest control rules takes into account the main uncertainties.

The design of the harvest control rules take into account a wide range of uncertainties.

c. Harvest control rules evaluation

There is some evidence that tools used to implement harvest control rules are appropriate and effective in controlling exploitation.

Available evidence indicates that the tools in use are appropriate and effective in achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest control rules.

Evidence clearly shows that the tools in use are effective in achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest control rules.


There is no limit and target reference points set for the BSC fisheries as required in 60a. Fisheries are open access, and although it is suggested that through APRI in cooperation with the local/provincial government, it is possible to control fishing activity/behaviour and fishing effort, there are no implicit rules which act to reduce the exploitation rate.


Component Harvest strategy

PI 1.2.3

Information / monitoring

Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Range of information

Some relevant information related to stock structure, stock productivity and fleet composition is available to support the harvest strategy.

Sufficient relevant information related to stock structure, stock productivity, fleet composition and other data is available to support the harvest strategy.

A comprehensive range of information (on stock structure, stock productivity, fleet composition, stock abundance, fishery removals and other information such as environmental information), including some that may not be directly relevant to the current harvest strategy, is available.

b. Monitoring Stock abundance and fishery removals are monitored and at least one indicator is available and monitored with sufficient frequency to support the harvest control rule.

Stock abundance and fishery removals are regularly monitored at a level of accuracy and coverage consistent with the harvest control rule, and one or more indicators are available and monitored with sufficient frequency to support the harvest control rule.

All information required by the harvest control rule is monitored with high frequency and a high degree of certainty, and there is a good understanding of the inherent uncertainties in the information [data] and the robustness of assessment and



c.Comprehe-nsiveness of information

There is good information on all other fishery removals from the stock.

management to this uncertainty.


Some relevant information related to the stock structure, the stock productivity and fleet composition is available to support the setting of a harvest strategy. However, there are no HCR in place for the BSC fisheries, and the only indicator available and monitored with sufficient frequency is landings. Unreported BSC catches makes a substantial amount of landings. In addition, biological and catch data collection started in August 2013 will end in December 2015, but according to IMACS, it is anticipated that the data collection would continue after December 2015. Therefore it cannot be said that stock status indicators are monitored in sufficient frequency.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Fail

(<60)

Component Harvest Strategy

PI 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status

There is an adequate assessment of the stock status.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Appropriateness of assessment to stock under consideration

The assessment is appropriate for the stock and for the harvest control rule.

The assessment takes into account the major features relevant to the biology of the species and the nature of the fishery.

b. Assessment approach

The assessment estimates stock status relative to reference points.

c. Uncertainty in the assessment

The assessment identifies major sources of uncertainty.

The assessment takes uncertainty into account.

The assessment takes into account uncertainty and is evaluating stock status relative to reference points in a probabilistic way.

d. Evaluation of assessment

The assessment has been tested and shown to be robust. Alternative hypotheses and assessment approaches have been rigorously explored.

e. Peer review of assessment

The assessment of stock status is subject to peer review.

The assessment has been internally and externally peer reviewed.




RBF Required for PI 1.1.1 induces a default score of 80 for this PI

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) RBF Required for PI 1.1.1 induces a default score of 80

for this PI

Principle 2 Pre-assessment evaluation tables

Component Retained Species

PI 2.1.1

Outcome

Status

The fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the retained species and does not hinder recovery of depleted retained species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Retained species stock status

Main retained species are likely to be within biologically based limits. If not, go to scoring issue c below.

Main retained species are highly likely to be within biologically based limits. If not, go to scoring issue c below.

There is a high degree of certainty that retained species are within biologically based limits and fluctuating around their target reference points.

b. Target reference points

Target reference points are defined for retained species.

c. Recovery and rebuilding

If main retained species are outside the limits there are measures in place that are expected to ensure that the fishery does not hinder recovery and rebuilding of the depleted species.

If main retained species are outside the limits there is a partial strategy of demonstrably effective management measures in place such that the fishery does not hinder recovery and rebuilding.

d. Measures if poorly understood

If the status is poorly known there are measures or practices in place that are expected to result in the fishery not causing the retained species to be outside biologically based limits or hindering recovery.




One of the objectives of the sampling protocol designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI is to collect data (number and total weight) on incidental species. It is assumed that the catches recorded are retained, and a list of dominant species incidentally caught in traps and bottom gillnet is available in the sampling protocol. Other species such as Upeneus sp and gastropods species have been identified as retained species by stakeholders during site visit meetings. According to stakeholders met at site visit, traps are baited with fish species such as Upeneus sp, sardine like fish, anchovy, juveniles mainly caught by the bottom gillnets. A lot of individuals retained are juveniles, inducing a high probability of impacts on reproductive capacity and age/size structure and therefore on population dynamics of these species.

RBF required? (/) YES


Traps Pass with Condition

(60-79)

Gillnets Pass with Condition

(60-79)


PI 2.1.2

Management strategy

There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Management strategy in place

There are measures in place, if necessary, that are expected to maintain the main retained species at levels which are highly likely to be within biologically based limits, or to ensure the fishery does not hinder their recovery and rebuilding.

There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary, that is expected to maintain the main retained species at levels which are highly likely to be within biologically based limits, or to ensure the fishery does not hinder their recovery and rebuilding.

There is a strategy in place for managing retained species.

b. Management strategy evaluation

The measures are considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g., general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/species).

There is some objective basis for confidence that the partial strategy will work, based on some information directly about the fishery and/or species involved.

Testing supports high confidence that the strategy will work, based on information directly about the fishery and/or species involved.

c. Management strategy implementation

There is some evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully.

There is clear evidence that the strategy is being implemented successfully.

d. Management strategy evidence of success

There is some evidence that the strategy is achieving its overall objective.



e. Shark finning (only score if the retained species is a shark)

It is likely that shark fining is not taking place.

It is highly likely that shark finning is not taking place.

There is a high degree of certainty that shark finning is not taking place.


There are no measures or partial strategy to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible harm to retained species populations

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Traps Fail (<60)

Gillnets Fail (<60)


PI 2.1.3

Information/Monitoring

Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to determine the risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Information quality

Qualitative information is available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery.

Qualitative information and some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery.

Accurate and verifiable information is available on the catch of all retained species and the consequences for the status of affected populations.

b. Information adequacy for assessment of stocks

Information is adequate to qualitatively assess outcome status with respect to biologically based limits.

Information is sufficient to estimate outcome status with respect to biologically based limits.

Information is sufficient to quantitatively estimate outcome status with a high degree of certainty.

c. Information adequacy for management strategy

Information is adequate to support measures to manage main retained species.

Information is adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main retained species.

Information is adequate to support a comprehensive strategy to manage retained species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether the strategy is achieving its objective.

d. Monitoring Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk level (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator scores or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the strategy)

Monitoring of retained species is conducted in sufficient detail to assess ongoing mortalities to all retained species.




Qualitative information and some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery. One of the objectives of the sampling protocol designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI is to collect data (number and total weight) on incidental species. It is assumed that the catches recorded are retained, and a list of dominant species incidentally caught in traps and bottom gillnet is available in the sampling protocol. Other species such as Upeneus sp and gastropods species have been identified as retained species by stakeholders during site visit meetings. According to stakeholders met at site visit, traps are baited with fish species such as Upeneus sp, sardine like fish, anchovy, juveniles mainly caught by the bottom gillnets. However, information is not adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main retained species and sufficient data is not collected to detect any increase in risk level.

NOTE: When RBF is used to score PI 2.1.1, scoring issue b. (text in brackets above) should not be scored.



(60-79)


(60-79)

Component Bycatch Species

PI 2.2.1 Outcome Status

The fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the bycatch species or species groups and does not hinder recovery of depleted bycatch species or species groups.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Bycatch species stock status

Main bycatch species are likely to be within biologically based limits. If not, go to scoring issue b below

Main bycatch species are highly likely to be within biologically based limits If not, go to scoring issue b below

There is a high degree of certainty that bycatch species are within biologically based limits.

b. Recovery and rebuilding

If main bycatch species are outside biologically based limits there are mitigation measures in place that are expected to ensure that the fishery does not hinder recovery and rebuilding.

If main bycatch species are outside biologically based limits there is a partial strategy of demonstrably effective mitigation measures in place such that the fishery does not hinder recovery and rebuilding.

c. Measures if poorly understood

If the status is poorly known there are measures or practices in place that are expected to result in the fishery not causing the bycatch species to be outside biologically based limits or hindering recovery.




Bycatches are not recorded. However, information collected during the site visit suggests that most of incidental catches are retained either for consumption or for using as bait for traps. Sea stars are a bycatch species identified by stakeholders during the site visit. It is considered that mortality of bycatch species from traps is low, and at the contrary is high for bottom gillnets.



Traps Pass (≥80)


(60-79)


PI 2.2.2 Management Strategy

There is a strategy in place for managing bycatch that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to bycatch populations.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


There are measures in place, if necessary, which are expected to maintain main bycatch species at levels which are highly likely to be within biologically based limits or to ensure that the fishery does not hinder their recovery.

There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary, that is expected to maintain main bycatch species at levels which are highly likely to be within biologically based limits or to ensure that the fishery does not hinder their recovery.

There is a strategy in place for managing and minimising bycatch.


The measures are considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g. general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/species).

There is some objective basis for confidence that the partial strategy will work, based on some information directly about the fishery and/or the species involved.

Testing supports high confidence that the strategy will work, based on information directly about the fishery and/or species involved.





There is some evidence that the strategy is achieving its objective.




There are no measures or partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC fisheries do not pose a risk or irreversible harm to bycatch species populations. Traps are not equipped with escape vents and biodegradable panel that could allow small incidental species and smaller individuals of incidental species caught to escape and prevent ghost fishing due to lost traps.


Gillnets Fail (<60)


PI 2.2.3

Information/monitoring

Information on the nature and amount of bycatch is adequate to determine the risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage bycatch.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


Qualitative information is available on the amount of main bycatch species affected by the fishery.

Qualitative information and some quantitative information are available on the amount of main bycatch species affected by the fishery.

Accurate and verifiable information is available on the amount of all bycatch and the consequences for the status of affected populations.

b. Information adequacy for assessment of stocks

Information is adequate to broadly understand outcome status with respect to biologically based limits.

Information is sufficient to estimate outcome status with respect to biologically based limits.

Information is sufficient to quantitatively estimate outcome status with respect to biologically based limits with a high degree of certainty.


Information is adequate to support measures to manage bycatch.

Information is adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main bycatch species.

Information is adequate to support a comprehensive strategy to manage bycatch, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether a strategy is achieving its objective.

d. Monitoring Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk to main bycatch species (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator scores or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the strategy).

Monitoring of bycatch data is conducted in sufficient detail to assess ongoing mortalities to all bycatch species.




Qualitative information is available on the amount of main bycatch species affected by the fishery. Information is adequate to support measures to manage bycatch. Bycatches are not recorded. However, information collected during the site visit suggests that most of incidental catches are retained either for consumption or for using as bait for traps. Sea stars are a bycatch species identified by stakeholders during the site visit. However, quantitative information is not available on the amount of main bycatch species affected by the fishery, information is not adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main bycatch species, and sufficient data is not collected to detect any increase in risk level.

NOTE: When RBF is used to score PI 2.2.1, scoring issue b. (text in brackets above) need not be scored.



(60-79)


(60-79)

Component ETP Species


The fishery meets national and international requirements for protection of ETP species. The fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to ETP species and does not hinder recovery of ETP species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Fishery effects within limits

Known effects of the fishery are likely to be within limits of national and international requirements for protection of ETP species.

The effects of the fishery are known and are highly likely to be within limits of national and international requirements for protection of ETP species.

There is a high degree of certainty that the effects of the fishery are within limits of national and international requirements for protection of ETP species.

b. Direct effects

Known direct effects are unlikely to create unacceptable impacts to ETP species.

Direct effects are highly unlikely to create unacceptable impacts to ETP species.

There is a high degree of confidence that there are no significant detrimental direct effects of the fishery on ETP species.

c. Indirect effects

Indirect effects have been considered and are thought to be unlikely to create unacceptable impacts.

There is a high degree of confidence that there are no significant detrimental indirect effects of the fishery on ETP species.


Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. A potential for interaction of bottom gillnet with turtles has been identified.


Traps Pass (≥80)


(60-79)




PI 2.3.2 Management strategy

The fishery has in place precautionary management strategies designed to: - meet national and international requirements; - ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to ETP species; - ensure the fishery does not hinder recovery of ETP species; and - minimise mortality of ETP species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


There are measures in place that minimise mortality of ETP species, and are expected to be highly likely to achieve national and international requirements for the protection of ETP species.

There is a strategy in place for managing the fishery’s impact on ETP species, including measures to minimise mortality, which is designed to be highly likely to achieve national and international requirements for the protection of ETP species.

There is a comprehensive strategy in place for managing the fishery’s impact on ETP species, including measures to minimise mortality, which is designed to achieve above national and international requirements for the protection of ETP species.


The measures are considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g. general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/species).

There is an objective basis for confidence that the strategy will work, based on information directly about the fishery and/or the species involved.

The strategy is mainly based on information directly about the fishery and/or species involved, and a quantitative analysis supports high confidence that the strategy will work. There is clear evidence that the strategy is being implemented successfully.


There is evidence that the strategy is being implemented successfully.



There is evidence that the strategy is achieving its objective.


There are no measures or strategy in place to minimize interaction of ETP species with fishing gears and to minimize mortality of ETP species.


Gillnets Fail (<60)




PI 2.3.3 Information/monitoring

Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: - information for the development of the management strategy; - information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and - information to determine the outcome status of ETP species.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


Information is sufficient to qualitatively estimate the fishery related mortality of ETP species.

Sufficient information is available to allow fishery related mortality and the impact of fishing to be quantitatively estimated for ETP species.

Information is sufficient to quantitatively estimate outcome status of ETP species with a high degree of certainty.

b. Information adequacy for assessment of impacts

Information is adequate to broadly understand the impact of the fishery on ETP species.

Information is sufficient to determine whether the fishery may be a threat to protection and recovery of the ETP species.

Accurate and verifiable information is available on the magnitude of all impacts, mortalities and injuries and the consequences for the status of ETP species.


Information is adequate to support measures to manage the impacts on ETP species

Information is sufficient to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species

Information is adequate to support a comprehensive strategy to manage impacts, minimize mortality and injury of ETP species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether a strategy is achieving its objectives.


Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. Information available comes from stakeholders’ opinion. Information is not adequate to broadly understand the impact of BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on ETP species and to support measures to manage the impacts on ETP species.


Gillnets Fail (<60)

Component Habitats


The fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure, considered on a regional or bioregional basis, and function.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100



Component Habitats


The fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure, considered on a regional or bioregional basis, and function.

a. Habitat status

The fishery is unlikely to reduce habitat structure and function to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm.

The fishery is highly unlikely to reduce habitat structure and function to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm.

There is evidence that the fishery is highly unlikely to reduce habitat structure and function to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm.


The nature, distribution, and vulnerability of main habitats types in the fisheries area is not documented and very limited. According to La Sara et al (in prep) and stakeholders met at site visit, the BSC is found in sandy substrates mixed with mud in mangroves and seagrass beds areas, and close to coral reefs, so it is assumed that fishing activities occur on similar habitats. The impact of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on habitats have not been investigated in Indonesia. Results from studies in other areas suggest that bottom gillnets and traps have low to medium impacts on habitats.




(60-79)


(60-79)

Component Habitats

PI 2.4.2 Management strategy

There is a strategy in place that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to habitat types.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


There are measures in place, if necessary, that are expected to achieve the Habitat Outcome 80 level of performance.

There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary, that is expected to achieve the Habitat Outcome 80 level of performance or above.

There is a strategy in place for managing the impact of the fishery on habitat types.


The measures are considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g. general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/habitats).

There is some objective basis for confidence that the partial strategy will work, based on information directly about the fishery and/or habitats involved.

Testing supports high confidence that the strategy will work, based on information directly about the fishery and/or habitats involved.







There is some evidence that the strategy is achieving its objective.


There are no measures or partial strategy in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to habitat types.


Gillnets Fail (<60)

Component Habitats

PI 2.4.3 Information / monitoring

Information is adequate to determine the risk posed to habitat types by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage impacts on habitat types.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


There is a basic understanding of the types and distribution of main habitats in the area of the fishery.

The nature, distribution and vulnerability of all main habitat types in the fishery area are known at a level of detail relevant to the scale and intensity of the fishery.

The distribution of habitat types is known over their range, with particular attention to the occurrence of vulnerable habitat types.

b. Information adequacy for assessment of impacts

Information is adequate to broadly understand the nature of the main impacts of gear use on the main habitats, including spatial overlap of habitat with fishing gear

Sufficient data are available to allow the nature of the impacts of the fishery on habitat types to be identified and there is reliable information on the spatial extent of interaction, and the timing and location of use of the fishing gear.

The physical impacts of the gear on the habitat types have been quantified fully.

c. Monitoring Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk to habitat (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator scores or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the measures).

Changes in habitat distributions over time are measured.


There is a basic understanding of the types and distribution of main habitats in the area of the fishery. Information is adequate to broadly understand the nature of the main impacts of gear use on the main habitats, including spatial overlap of habitat with fishing gear. The nature, distribution, and vulnerability of main habitats types in the fisheries area is not documented and very limited. According to La Sara et al (in prep) and stakeholders met at site visit, the BSC is found in sandy substrates mixed with mud in mangroves and seagrass beds areas, and close to coral reefs, so it is assumed that fishing activities occur on similar habitats.



Component Habitats

PI 2.4.3 Information / monitoring

Information is adequate to determine the risk posed to habitat types by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage impacts on habitat types.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Traps Pass with Condition

(60-79)


(60-79)

Component Ecosystem


The fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm to the key elements of ecosystem structure and function.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Ecosystem status

The fishery is unlikely to disrupt the key elements underlying ecosystem structure and function to a point where there would be a serious or irreversible harm.

The fishery is highly unlikely to disrupt the key elements underlying ecosystem structure and function to a point where there would be a serious or irreversible harm.

There is evidence that the fishery is highly unlikely to disrupt the key elements underlying ecosystem structure and function to a point where there would be a serious or irreversible harm.


Sufficient information on the impacts of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on ecosystem components is not available. Traps are not equipped with escape vents and biodegradable panel that could allow small incidental species and smaller individuals of incidental species caught to escape and prevent ghost fishing due to lost traps. Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. A potential for interaction of bottom gillnet with turtles has been identified. The impact of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries on habitats have not been investigated in Indonesia. Results from studies in other areas suggest that bottom gillnets and traps have low to medium impacts on habitats. BSC prey mainly upon molluscs and crustaceans and are predated by fish, turtles, rays in some other areas of Indo-Pacific. The high fishing effort of the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries may affect the trophic structure and/or species composition of the ecosystem.




(60-79)


(60-79)

Component Ecosystem



PI 2.5.2

Management strategy

There are measures in place to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure and function.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


There are measures in place, if necessary.

There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary,

There is a strategy that consists of a plan, in place.

b. Management strategy design

The measures take into account the potential impacts of the fishery on key elements of the ecosystem.

The partial strategy takes into account available information and is expected to restrain impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem so as to achieve the Ecosystem Outcome 80 level of performance.

The strategy, which consists of a plan, contains measures to address all main impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem, and at least some of these measures are in place. The plan and measures are based on well-understood functional relationships between the fishery and the Components and elements of the ecosystem. This plan provides for development of a full strategy that restrains impacts on the ecosystem to ensure the fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm.

c. Management strategy evaluation

The measures are considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g., general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/ ecosystems).

The partial strategy is considered likely to work, based on plausible argument (e.g., general experience, theory or comparison with similar fisheries/ ecosystems).

The measures are considered likely to work based on prior experience, plausible argument or information directly from the fishery/ecosystems involved.

d. Management strategy implementation

There is some evidence that the measures comprising the partial strategy are being implemented successfully.

There is evidence that the measures are being implemented successfully.


Measures are not in place to ensure that the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries do not pose a risk or serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure and function.


Gillnets Fail (<60)



Component Ecosystem

PI 2.5.3

Information / monitoring

There is adequate knowledge of the impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100


Information is adequate to identify the key elements of the ecosystem (e.g. trophic structure and function, community composition, productivity pattern and biodiversity).

Information is adequate to broadly understand the key elements of the ecosystem.

b. Investigation of fishery impacts

Main impacts of the fishery on these key ecosystem elements can be inferred from existing information, but have not been investigated in detail.

Main impacts of the fishery on these key ecosystem elements can be inferred from existing information, and some have been investigated in detail.

Main interactions between the fishery and these ecosystem elements can be inferred from existing information, and have been investigated in detail.

c. Understand-ing of component functions

The main functions of the Components (i.e. target, Bycatch, Retained and ETP species and Habitats) in the ecosystem are known

The impacts of the fishery on target, Bycatch, Retained and ETP species and Habitats are identified and the main functions of these Components in the ecosystem are understood.

d. Information relevance

Sufficient information is available on the impacts of the fishery on these Components to allow some of the main consequences for the ecosystem to be inferred.

Sufficient information is available on the impacts of the fishery on the Components and elements to allow the main consequences for the ecosystem to be inferred.

e. Monitoring Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk level (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator scores or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the measures).

Information is sufficient to support the development of strategies to manage ecosystem impacts.


Information is adequate to identify the key elements of the ecosystem. Main impacts of the fishery on these key ecosystem elements can be inferred from existing information, but have not been investigated in detail. Landings data are available for the mini-plants where BSC is processed. A sampling protocol for BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi has been designed by IMACS and implemented by APRI. The objectives of this sampling program are to collect biological data



Principle 3 Pre-assessment evaluation tables For both UoCs

Component Governance and Policy

PI 3.1.1 Legal and/or customary framework

The management system exists within an appropriate and effective legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: - Is capable of delivering sustainable fisheries in accordance with MSC Principles 1 and 2; - Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and - Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Compatibility of laws or standards with effective management

There is an effective national legal system and a framework for cooperation with other parties, where necessary, to deliver management outcomes consistent with MSC Principles 1 and 2.

There is an effective national legal system and organised and effective cooperation with other parties, where necessary, to deliver management outcomes consistent with MSC Principles 1 and 2.

There is an effective national legal system and binding procedures governing cooperation with other parties which delivers management outcomes consistent with MSC Principles 1 and 2.

b. Resolution of disputes

The management system incorporates or is subject by law to a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes arising within the system.

The management system incorporates or is subject by law to a transparent mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes which is considered to be effective in dealing with most issues and that is appropriate to the context of the fishery.

The management system incorporates or is subject by law to a transparent mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes that is appropriate to the context of the fishery and has been tested and proven to be effective.

d. Respect for rights

The management system has a mechanism to generally respect the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom

The management system has a mechanism to observe the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on

The management system has a mechanism to formally commit to the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom on people

(length/width of crab carapace, weight, sex and maturity determination) and to estimate and record BSC total catch and incidental catches. Information on incidental catches of ETP species in the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries is not collected. However, according to information provided by stakeholders at site visit, interaction with ETP species is minimal. There is a basic understanding of the types and distribution of main habitats in the area of the fishery.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Traps Pass with Condition

(60-79)


(60-79)



of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood in a manner consistent with the objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2.

fishing for food or livelihood in a manner consistent with the objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2.

dependent on fishing for food and livelihood in a manner consistent with the objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2.


The main fisheries authority in Indonesia is the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF/DKP). At national level, fisheries are regulated by Fisheries Law No. 31/2004 (2004), which underscores the importance of sustainable use of aquatic resources in the development of fisheries, and by regulation of the MMAF No. 02/2011. Law No. 31/2004 on Fisheries, as amended by Act 45/2009 is a major cornerstone in the preparation of a Fishery Management Plan (FMP), as Article 7 of Law 45/2009 explicitly mandates the government to establish FMP. A FMP for BSC fisheries at National level is currently in draft. Under Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Administration (1999), and in the context of the decentralization process, Provincial Governments are held responsible for the management, use and conservation of marine resources in their own territory, within territorial waters. This law was revised by Law No. 32/2004, which became the Local Government Law, directly related to the rights and authority of local Governments in the management of the sea and its contents. However it cannot be said that the management system incorporates or is subject by law to a transparent mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes which is considered to be effective in dealing with most issues and that is appropriate to the context of the fishery.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Pass with Condition (60-79)


PI 3.1.2 Consultation, roles and responsibili-ties

The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Roles and responsibility-es

Organisations and individuals involved in the management process have been identified. Functions, roles and responsibilities are generally understood.

Organisations and individuals involved in the management process have been identified. Functions, roles and responsibilities are explicitly defined and well understood for key areas of responsibility and interaction.

Organisations and individuals involved in the management process have been identified. Functions, roles and responsibilities are explicitly defined and well understood for all areas of responsibility and interaction.

b. Consultation processes

The management system includes consultation processes that obtain relevant

The management system includes consultation processes that regularly seek and accept relevant

The management system includes consultation processes that regularly seek and accept relevant




PI 3.1.2 Consultation, roles and responsibili-ties

The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties.

information from the main affected parties, including local knowledge, to inform the management system.

information, including local knowledge. The management system demonstrates consideration of the information obtained.

information, including local knowledge. The management system demonstrates consideration of the information and explains how it is used or not used.

c. Participation

The consultation process provides opportunity for all interested and affected parties to be involved.

The consultation process provides opportunity and encouragement for all interested and affected parties to be involved, and facilitates their effective engagement.


Organisations and individuals involved in the management process have been identified. Functions, roles and responsibilities are generally understood. Members of Data Management Committee (DMC), established in 2013, include Fishermen Associations, mini-plants representatives, local government representatives, MMAF representatives, and scientists from the University of Haluoleo, Kendari. DMCs provide opportunity and encouragements to all interested and affected parties to contribute to discussion regarding the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries management. It cannot be said that the consultation process is regularly seek. There is little information on the extent and effectiveness of local Government consultation from the MMAF. An example is the implementation of the MCS of 100 mm regulation. It has not been discussed, APRI proposed the regulation, and the MMAF informed the local Government.



PI 3.1.3 Long term objectives

The management policy has clear long-term objectives to guide decision-making that are consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria, and incorporates the precautionary approach.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Objectives

Long term objectives to guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are implicit within management policy.

Clear long term objectives that guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are explicit within management policy.

Clear long term objectives that guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are explicit within and required by management policy




PI 3.1.3 Long term objectives

The management policy has clear long-term objectives to guide decision-making that are consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria, and incorporates the precautionary approach.


Long term objectives to guide decision-making, consistent with MSC Principles and Criteria and the precautionary approach, are implicit within management policy. The vision of MMAF for optimal utilisation of the country’s marine and fisheries resources is one of solid, self-relying and sustainable capture fisheries by 2020. The vision will be achieved through 1) managing the fisheries resources in a sustainable manner, 2) increasing fishers’ income and welfare, 3) facilitating the readiness of fishing ports both in quality and quantity, 4) strengthening the national fishing fleet, and 5) developing competitive and efficient capture fisheries businesses. A precautionary approach for the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi is under development. A stock assessment model has been investigated and reference points have been proposed in September 2014. There is an on-going consultation on potential HCR and management Recommendation for the BSC in Southeast Sulawesi.



PI 3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable fishing

The management system provides economic and social incentives for sustainable fishing and does not operate with subsidies that contribute to unsustainable fishing.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Incentives The management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2.

The management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2, and seeks to ensure that perverse incentives do not arise.

The management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2, and explicitly considers incentives in a regular review of management policy or procedures to ensure that they do not contribute to unsustainable fishing practices.


APRI was founded in May 2007 with the goals and responsibility to initiate the BSC management and formulate guidelines for environmentally-friendly fishing and constructing other initiatives to ensure sustainability of the BSC stock. A Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) 2008-2013 was launched in 2007 under the responsibility and APRI and supported by Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP). The FIP applies to all BSC fisheries at




PI 3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable fishing

The management system provides economic and social incentives for sustainable fishing and does not operate with subsidies that contribute to unsustainable fishing.

national level. The main topics of the FIP are: Stock assessment, Crab Biology and Ecology, Fishery Management, Enhancement and Education. All the IMACS projects and activities with APRI in the Southeast Sulawesi BSC fishery induced strong progress towards sustainability, and showed the willingness of the BSC stakeholders in Southeast Sulawesi to improve the BSC fishery management and to move to more sustainable fishing practices. In November 2011, the NFI Crab Council adopted a new policy that will restrict the purchasing of berried females (FIP report 2013). In February 2014, APRI adopted a new regulation established MCS of 100 mm. The policy prohibits the purchase of crabs less than 100 mm by signing companies.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Pass (≥80)

Component Fishery- specific management system

PI 3.2.1 Fishery- specific objectives

The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Objectives Objectives, which are broadly consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are implicit within the fishery’s management system.

Short and long term objectives, which are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system.

Well defined and measurable short and long term objectives, which are demonstrably consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system.


Objectives, which are broadly consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are implicit within the fishery’s management system. Fishery specific objectives are presented in the draft of the proposed FMP for BSC at National level. These objectives are:

1) Biological objectives: preserving the crab resource. 2) Ecological objective: protecting the environment through setting friendly-environment,

responsible crab fishing practices. 3) Social objective: increase the income and welfare of the local fishermen, and protect small

fishermen. 4) Economical objective: increase and improve the economy of local fisheries, ensure continuity




PI 3.2.1 Fishery- specific objectives

The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

of revenue and profits from crab fishing activities, provide increased taxes, fees and foreign exchange to the central and local governments.



PI 3.2.2 Decision-making processes

The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Decision-making processes

There are some decision-making processes in place that result in measures and strategies to achieve the fishery-specific objectives.

There are established decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the fishery-specific objectives.

b. Responsive-ness of decision-making processes

Decision-making processes respond to serious issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take some account of the wider implications of decisions.

Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions.

Decision-making processes respond to all issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions.

c. Use of precautionary approach

Decision-making processes use the precautionary approach and are based on best available information.

d. Accountability and transparency of management system and decision making

Some information on fishery performance and management action is generally available on request to stakeholders

Information on fishery performance and management action is available on request, and explanations are provided for any actions or lack of action associated with findings and relevant recommendations

Formal reporting to all interested stakeholders provides comprehensive information on fishery performance and management actions and describes how the management system responded to findings and




PI 3.2.2 Decision-making processes

The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives.

process emerging from research, monitoring evaluation and review activity.

relevant recommendations emerging from research, monitoring, evaluation and review activity.

e. Approach to disputes

Although the management authority or fishery may be subject to continuing court challenges, it is not indicating a disrespect or defiance of the law by repeatedly violating the same law or regulation necessary for the sustainability for the fishery

The management system or fishery is attempting to comply in a timely fashion with judicial decisions arising from any legal challenges.

The management system or fishery acts proactively to avoid legal disputes or rapidly implements judicial decisions arising from legal challenges.


APRI and the DMCs play a central role in the fishery management. Measures were put in place, with the MMAF agreement, to protect the BSC brood stock. It cannot be said that decision-making processes respond to serious issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take some account of the wider implications of decisions.



PI 3.2.3 Compliance and enforcement

Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the fishery’s management measures are enforced and complied with.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. MCS implementa-tion

Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms exist, are implemented in the fishery under assessment and there is a reasonable expectation that they are effective.

A monitoring, control and surveillance system has been implemented in the fishery under assessment and has demonstrated an ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules.

A comprehensive monitoring, control and surveillance system has been implemented in the fishery under assessment and has demonstrated a consistent ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules.

b. Sanctions Sanctions to deal with non-compliance exist

Sanctions to deal with non-compliance exist, are

Sanctions to deal with non-compliance exist, are




PI 3.2.3 Compliance and enforcement

Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the fishery’s management measures are enforced and complied with.

and there is some evidence that they are applied.

consistently applied and thought to provide effective deterrence.

consistently applied and demonstrably provide effective deterrence.

c. Compliance

Fishers are generally thought to comply with the management system for the fishery under assessment, including, when required, providing information of importance to the effective management of the fishery.

Some evidence exists to demonstrate fishers comply with the management system under assessment, including, when required, providing information of importance to the effective management of the fishery.

There is a high degree of confidence that fishers comply with the management system under assessment, including, providing information of importance to the effective management of the fishery.

d. Systematic non-compliance

There is no evidence of systematic non-compliance.


The fisheries Law states punishments but it is not implemented for the BSC fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi as no local Government decree has been issued. There is no formal compliance, control and surveillance (MCS) for the BSC fishery in Southeast Sulawesi. However, there are POKMASWAS (Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas or Community Surveillance Groups) that aim to protect local ecosystems.



PI 3.2.4 Research plan

The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Research plan

Research is undertaken, as required, to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

A research plan provides the management system with a strategic approach to research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

A comprehensive research plan provides the management system with a coherent and strategic approach to research across P1, P2 and P3, and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

b. Research results

Research results are available to interested

Research results are disseminated to all

Research plan and results are disseminated to all




PI 3.2.4 Research plan

The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management.

parties. interested parties in a timely fashion.

interested parties in a timely fashion and are widely and publicly available.


Research is undertaken to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC‘s Principles 1 and 2, and research results are available to interested parties. However, there is no formal research plan that provides the management system with a strategic approach to research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Pass with condition (60-79)


PI 3.2.5 Monitoring and management performance evaluation

There is a system for monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system.

Scoring issues

SG60 SG80 SG100

a. Evaluation coverage

The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate some parts of the management system.

The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate key parts of the management system.

The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate all parts of the management system.

b. Internal and/or external review

The fishery-specific management system is subject to occasional internal review.

The fishery-specific management system is subject to regular internal and occasional external review.

The fishery-specific management system is subject to regular internal and external review.


DMCs act as forums and provide regular opportunities for the local government to receive feed-back on the BSC trap and bottom gillnet fisheries management. The implementation of the FIP by APRI and supported by the SFP can be considered as an occasional external review.

Likely Scoring Level (pass/pass with condition/fail) Pass with condition (60-79)

Documents

Marine Stewardship Council Pre-Assessment Report · Marine Stewardship Council Pre-Assessment Report For the Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI) Tiworo Strait, Southeast