Marine Oil Spill Volume Estimation & Environmental …...Topics: 4 sessions, 80 presentation opportunities Call for paper: special issue publication cooperating with Core Journal Exhibition:

Marine Oil Spill Volume Estimation &

Environmental

Impacts Assessment

Song Shasha

CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited,

Safety & Environmental Protection BranchMay 22, 2019

Introduction

Contents

1

Marine Oil Spill Volume Estimation2

Environmental Impacts Assessment3

Conclusions4

1 Introduction

Surface Oil

Recovered OilEvaporated Oil

• Oil entering water,• Sediments,• Organism,• Shorelines…Other Oil Fate

Oil spill estimation based on fate and behavior

• Oil slick coverage• Oil slick color• Thickness

• Oil evaporation model• Oil simulation experiment

• Mechanical recovery• Absorption recovery• Burned oil…

2 Marine Oil Spill Volume Estimation

TOTAL AMMOUNT

Surface oil estimates

Oil slick coverage surveillance

• Satellite and aerial remote sensing• Oil slick identification

• RS image pixels

• Oil slick coverage area

• In-situ vessel observation• Direct observation

• Indirect observation by ratio of coverage

In-situ observation and thickness

conversion

• Synchronizedobservation data ofcoverage and color

• In-situ measurement

• Color and thickness conversion

Surface oil estimation

• Surface oil area

• Oil slick thickness

• Oil density


Oil slick surveillance

照片 13 7月 16日海面溢油情况照片 14 7月 26日海面溢油情况


Oil evaporation estimates

• Empirical model F BTT

e TB TV

G A BTT

G

= +-

ln[ ' ( ) ' ]'

( ' ' )1

0

q

• The model parameters are acquired by weathering experiments and

numerical simulation.


Stiver and Mackay (1984)

6d

1d 2d 3d

4d 5d


Oil weathering experiments

Oil recovery estimatesThe recovered oil could be calculated according to the Industry Standards of Ministry of Transport JTT 877-2013 Guidelines on the assessment of ship-source oil spill response capability.

RA = I×J×K×φ1×r

RM = W×P1÷[ρ×α×Y×6×(1−φ1)]

• The ratio of mechanical recovered

oil should take oil type and marine

environment into account.

• The ratio of realistic recovery

efficiency to the labeled

• Operation days for recovery

• Oil absorption and oil retention

• The contact rate with oil

• The weight of absorption materials

l Mechanical recovery

l Absorption recovery


Other oil fate estimates

Q i

m

j

n

iijijij Adepcc ´´-=åå

= =1 10 )(l Water Colum

l Sediments 01( )

n

i i i i ii

G C C S Hr=

= - ´ ´ ´å

Data Assimilation

Gridding method

• Oil polluted area

• Dividing grid

• Oil concentration in the grid

Reasonable？

l Oil on shorelines: the oil distribution, the length, width,

thickness, coverage rate, area are required for estimation


Distinction of the concepts of impact, pollution and damage

Impact: where oil goes（beyond the baseline value）

Pollution: exceeding the standard value （ beyond the standard value ）

Damage: the decline of marine environmental quality, the destruction of marine biological community structure, the loss or partial loss of marine ecosystem services.

3 Marine Oil Spill Environmental Impacts Assessment

Impact

Pollution

Damage

Sea water

Sediments

Organisms

Shorelines


Ø Criteria

• Characteristic pollutants: Petroleum, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

（PAH） Anionic surfactant （components of oil dispersants）

• Baseline value: Survey data of the latest time and range of oil spill

• Standard value: National and industry Standards

Ø Data

• field monitoring（before and after spill）

• Oil fingerprint identification

• Remote sensing

• Numerical simulation…

Sea water impacts assessment

ØMethods for sea water assessment

• Direct monitoring: oil concentration exceeding the baseline value in survey stations

• Numerical grid: gridding and interpolating to get the boundary of oil coverage

• Artificial grid: for uniformly distributed stations, not convenient for interpolation

• Factor evaluation: the ratio of measurement value to standard limits

larger than 1, exceeding standard


× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

Red: exceed baselineGreen: under baseline

Sediments impacts assessment


Ø Criteria

• Characteristic pollutants: Petroleum, relevant indicators sulphide &

organic carbon

• Baseline value: Survey data on the latest time and range of oil spill

• Standard value: National and industry Standards

Ø Data

• field monitoring (before & after spill)

• Oil fingerprint identification

• Remote sensing

• Numerical simulation…


ØMethods for sediments assessment

• Field monitoring: the area with

sediments oil concentration exceeding

baseline/standard value

• Sediment impact area: the survey

stations connected to enclosed area

with certain percent (90% for

example)oiled

• Sediment impact degree: factor

evaluation method

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

× × × × × × × × × ×

Red: exceed baselineGreen: under baseline

Marine organism impacts assessment

Ø The area of impacts

• Where significant changes in marine life take place

• Based on Field investigation and historical data

• Changes in species, biomass, density, quality, economy, rare & protected animals

• Change of deformity rate of biological eggs and larvae, key niche organisms

Ø The degree of impacts

• GB 18421-2001 Marine Biomass Standards

• Toxicity thresholds for different types of organisms

Ø Methods of assessment

• Quantitative or semi-quantitative methods

• Expert assessment

• Factor evaluation

• Toxicity thresholds



Shoreline impacts assessment

Shoreline types• Ecological beach• Open tidal beach• Gravel beach• Sand beach• Bedrock bank

…Factor I1 Factor I2 Factor I3 Factor I4

Impacts Index I

Factor Weights

Social services• Protected areas• Typical ecosystems• Wildlife habitats• Cultural tourism• Human activity areas

...

Oil spill coverage• Oil Spill Width• Thickness• Coverage• Infiltration

...

Oil property• Fresh• Cream• Oil Balls• Oil Flakes• Residues• Asphalt...

Level 1 factors Shoreline types and sensitivity Oil feature

Level 1 weights 0.40 0.60

Level 2 factors Shoreline type I1 Social service I2 Oil spill I3 Oil property I4

Level 2 weights 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.2

Normalized weights 0.24 0.16 0.48 0.12

Factors Weights


Impacts index

å=

•=N

iii II

1)(w

4 Conclusions

Oil spill volume estimation based on fate and behavior

• Residual oil on sea surface

• Evaporation

• Recovery

• Entering into water, sediments, organisms, shorelines,…

Oil spill environmental impacts assessment

• Sea water, sediments, organisms, shorelines,

• The area of impact, exceeding the baseline/standard values

• The degree of impact, quantitative results of exceeding

International Oil Spill Response Seminar 2019September 17-20, Ningbo China

http://www.spro.org.cn/[email protected]

The only official seminar on oil spill response jointly organized by government and industry in China, as activities of GI China Program by China MSA, IMO, IPIECA.

Oil Spill Risk and Response Management− Oil spill risk assessment− Oil spill response capability assessment− Oil spill response management− Emergency equipment storehouse management

Oil Spill Emergency Response− Oil spill surveillance and prediction− In-situ oil spill response− Submerged oil response− Oil spill response effect assessment

Oil Pollution Damage and Compensation− Laws and regulations for damage & compensation− Oil pollution damage assessment technology− Oil pollution damage and compensation cases− Oil pollution fund claim policies and cases

Emergency Response for SANCHI− Condensate oil spill response− Sunken ship oil spill response− Ship drift prediction and hedge− Experience share of SANCHI response

Topics: 4 sessions, 80 presentation opportunities

Call for paper: special issue publication cooperating with Core Journal

Exhibition: oil spill response technology and products both at home and abroad

Sponsorship: an excellent opportunity to promote your brand and products

International Oil Spill Response Seminar 2017 Tianjin China Sep.2017

http://www.spro.org.cn/

Documents

Marine Oil Spill Volume Estimation & Environmental …...Topics: 4 sessions, 80 presentation opportunities Call for paper: special issue publication cooperating with Core Journal Exhibition: