Marine Mammals Outcome: To understand the difference between marine fish and marine mammals by...
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Marine Mammals Outcome: To understand the difference between marine fish and marine mammals by exploring the sea otters, pinnipeds, sirenians, and cetaceans. Drill: Create a list of some marine mammals. Sea otters Manatees Seals Whales Walruses Dolphins Dugongs Porpoises
Marine Mammals Outcome: To understand the difference between marine fish and marine mammals by exploring the sea otters, pinnipeds, sirenians, and cetaceans
Marine Mammals Outcome: To understand the difference between
marine fish and marine mammals by exploring the sea otters,
pinnipeds, sirenians, and cetaceans. Drill: Create a list of some
marine mammals. Sea ottersManatees SealsWhales WalrusesDolphins
DugongsPorpoises
Slide 2
Fish versus Marine MammalsMarine Mammals What are some of the
differences between fish and aquatic mammals? Fish are cold
blooded, they have gills, most have scales, some have rough skin
Aquatic Mammals are warm blooded, they dont have gills, some have
blow holes, their skin is smooth
Sea Otters Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Slide 5
Sea Otters Found along California coast Lack blubber thick fur
with air layer Lay upon backs and float while eating- use tools Fin
like hind legs Constantly eat to stay warm Key stone species!!!
Protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
Slide 6
Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, & Walruses Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Suborder
Pinnipedia
Slide 7
Pinnepeds There are three families of pinnepeds: Family
Phocidae earless or true seals (phocids) This includes crabeater,
leopard, and elephant seals Family Otariidae the eared seals This
includes furred seals and sea lions Family Odobenidae walruses
Earless Seals or Phocids Phocids: Have no external ear flaps.
Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face
backward and are furred. Can be found in both marine and freshwater
environments. Leopard Seal Leopard Seals in specific are the only
Phocids to eat homeothermic prey
Eared Seals Fur Seals, Sea Lions Have external ear flaps. Swim
with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind
flippers can turn forward, and they are better able to walk on
their flippers. Found only in marine environments. Sea lions are
renowned for their intelligence, their friendly/social behaviors,
and their playfulness.
Walruses Morphologically, the walrus is more similar to the
phocidae, true seals, except they have tusks (males). Behaviorally,
they more closely resemble the Otariidae, eared seals. Walruses are
very sociable animals and love interacting with others.
Slide 19
Walruses Dominant bulls run harems of females and will fight to
keep their standing Once hunted for their ivory tusks, but now are
protected. Only natives may kill them for food
Slide 20
Sirens Dugongs and Manatees Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia Order: Sirenia Family: Dugongidae Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Sirenia Family:
Trichechidae
Slide 21
Sirens - DugongsDugongs Dugongidae Dugongs Live in coastal
marine waters Feed on sea grasses Now protected from hunters, but
not from natives
Slide 22
Sirens - ManateeManatee Trichechidae Manatees Live in both the
sea and inland rivers and lakes Feed on sea grasses
Slide 23
Dugong vs Manatee Dugong: Larger head Mouth on bottom Smaller
flippers Notched tail Manatee: Smaller head Mouth frontward Larger
flippers Rounded tail
Slide 24
Cetacea Whales & their relatives The classification of
whales are: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order
Cetacea
Slide 25
Cetaceans Cetaceans include the carnivorous marine mammals:
Whales Dolphins Porpoises
Slide 26
Cetacean Evolution (p285) Nose holes on front of face migrate
to create blowhole Four limbs in developmental stage (image) Inner
ear blocked with wax Countercurrent blood flow in flippers Blubber
layer to retain heat Few hairs on head
Slide 27
Cetacea: Whales There are two broad categories of whales:
Baleen Whale Suborder Mysticeti Toothed Whale Suborder
Odontoceti
Slide 28
Mysticeti: Baleen Whales Baleen Whales practice filter feeding
and the tools for filter feeding are their baleen plates Consume
fish, krill, and plankton Ventral groove/pleats allow them to
expand their throat
Slide 29
Odontoceti: Toothed Whales Almost 90% of cetaceans are toothed
whales They are generally smaller than baleen whales Sperm Whales,
Beluga Whales, Narwhal, Orcas, Dolphins, and Porpoises Sperm Whale:
Teeth only on bottom, fit into upper grooves Orca/Dolphin/Porpoise:
100-200 teeth, fused into jaw Beluga Whale: Few teeth, sometimes
only two per jaw Narwhal: Two teeth, left tooth, grows into tusk in
front
Slide 30
Toothed Whales: Sperm Whales Third largest behind Blue and Fin
whales Bottom teeth fit into grooves in the top of the mouth Feed
on squid, fish, and sometimes attack whalers on small boat
Portrayed in the book Moby Dick by Herman Melville
Slide 31
Toothed Whales: NarwhalsNarwhals Related to the Beluga whales
Lives in the Arctic Seas Only have two upper incisors, which in
males turns into the large front tusk Females teeth are undeveloped
in their skull Tusks are thought to be for status in a pod, but it
has 10 mil nerve connections (salinity/temp)
Slide 32
Toothed Whales: Beluga WhaleBeluga Whale Live in northern polar
seas and on occasion go into the Arctic Rivers Stay in small family
group and eat crabs, cuttlefish, and flounder They are distinct due
to their white color skin, which they shed in the 2 week warm
period
Slide 33
Toothed Whales: OrcaOrca Largest of the dolphin family,
Delphinidae Size is close to that of a school bus Only cetaceans to
feed on homeothermic prey Common to the Arctic and Antarctic
Oceans
Slide 34
Dolphin versus Porpoise Dolphins and porpoises appear similar,
but they have many differences. Dolphins Porpoises