The Classification of Organisms Domain BacteriaDomain
ArchaeaDomain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Animalia Kingdom
Plantae Kingdom Fungi EukaryotesProkaryotes
Slide 3
Animal Kingdom Characteristics of Animals: Eukaryotic
Multicellular Heterotrophic Reproduce sexually Contain cells
lacking a cell wall Usually capable of movement at some stage in
life
Slide 4
Major Phyla of the Animal Kingdom PhylumExamples
PoriferaSponges CnidariaJellyfish, sea anemones, corals
CtenophoraComb jellies PlatyhelmenthesFlukes, tapeworms
NematodaRoundworms AnnelidaPolychaetes, leeches MolluscaSnails,
clams, oysters, octopus, squid ArthropodaCrustaceans
EchinodermataSea stars, sea urchins Chordatavertebrates
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Phylum Porifera Structurally simplest animal Do not form true
tissues or organs Mostly sessile living attached to a surface
Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors Simple body plan Filter feed
on plankton Reproduce sexually by broadcast spawning Some reproduce
asexually when buds break off
StructureFunction Pinacocyte Flat cells covering the outer
structure Pore cells or porocytes Tube-like cells that allow water
to enter
Slide 10
StructureFunction Choanocytes (or collar cells)Cells lining the
larger feeding chamber of the sponge; contains a thin flagellum to
create a current and collar to trap food particles OculumLarge
opening on the top of the sponge through which water exits the
sponge
Slide 11
StructureFunction Spicules
(http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/47800/47878/47878_spo_spicules.htm)http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/47800/47878/47878_spo_spicules.htm
Used for structural support; transparent siliceous or calcareous
structures of different shapes and sizes
Slide 12
StructureFunction Spongin
(http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Lists/Images/Spongin.jpg
)http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Lists/Images/Spongin.jpg
Tough, elastic fibers to help support the sponge Can be sole means
of support or found with spicules AmebocytesWandering cells Secrete
the spicules and spongin Can transport and store food particles
Some can transform themselves into other types of cells
Slide 13
Sponge Feeding Suspensions feeders animals that eat food
particles suspended in the water Specifically, sponges are filter
feeders, suspension feeders that actively filter the food
particles
Sponge Reproduction Asexual (one parent) when branches or buds
break off, they will grow into separate sponges identical to the
parent Sexual (two parents) sponges produce sex cells, gametes,
nutrient rich eggs and sperm with flagellum Broadcast spawning
Slide 18
Body Plans Sponges have three basic body plans: Asconoid
Syconoid Leuconoid
Slide 19
Asconoid Simplest form A simple tube perforated by holes
Central cavity, spongocoel, lined with choanocytes
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00017869.jpg/view.html
Slide 20
Syconoid Large tubular body with a single osculum Thicker body
wall than asconoid Longer pores that that form simple canals Canals
lined with choanocytes (not central spongocoel)
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Hexactinellida/Euplectella_aspergillum.jpg/view.html
http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera
Slide 21
Leuconoid Most complex body plan Vast network of
interconnecting canals that eventually lead to one or numerous
larger oscula
http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Poriferahttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00000222.jpg/view.html
http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera
Slide 22
Classes of Porifera Three classes of Porifera: Calcarea
Hexactinellida Demospongiae
Slide 23
Classes of Porifera Class Calcarea includes sponges with all
three body plans produce large spicules (megascleres) of calcium
carbonate. Classes Hexactinellida only possess leuconoid members
produce six-pointed large and small spicules (mega- and
microcleres) made of silica. Class Demospongiae only possess
leuconoid members may have microscleres and megascleres, spongin,
both, or neither
